【香港保衛戰:華籍英兵】
這段Getty Images影片,內容是華藉英兵在1941年香港保衛戰前夕,接受水雷及高射砲訓練,當中引證一個事實——華人曾以英軍身份參與香港保衛戰;但這段歷史,過去較少被人提及,以至漸漸遭人淡忘。
不提華籍英兵參與香港保衛戰,就如一幅砌圖缺了一塊。
自香港開埠初期至二戰前夕,英軍一直僱用華人支援正規英軍,只是不許他們接觸機要事務。至三十年代,國際局勢變化,駐守亞洲的英軍再次面臨人手短缺,故在香港招募更多華人參軍。
招募華人的英軍兵種或部隊,主要包括皇家工兵團 (Corps of Royal Engineers),皇家砲兵團 (Royal Regiment of Artillery),香港華人軍團 (Hong Kong (Chinese) Regiment),香港防衛軍 (Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps), 與皇家後勤兵團 (Royal Army Service Corps) 等。
其中,香港華人軍團與香港防衛軍,為首兩支有華人擔任戰鬥人員的正規英軍部隊。香港華人兵團更除軍官與部份士官外全為華兵。
根據文獻,截至戰事前夕,在駐港英軍裡的華藉英兵、及後勤人員合共1073人,他們質素及體質不弱,在保衛香港一役奮勇作戰,但始終敵不過日軍的進攻。
在英軍投降前,英籍軍官都命令屬下之華兵脫掉制服逃亡,以免遭日軍殘殺。而總計香港保衛戰期間,1073名華籍英兵中有41人戰死,120人被俘,有912人失蹤——其中部份如前述,在投降前接受指示逃亡。
值得一提是,儘管香港保衛戰失敗,但大部份華籍英兵「逃亡」後並無避難,都向設在中國大陸境內的英軍服務團 (British Army Aid Group) 報到,更有一部份華兵被編入英軍特種部隊「Chindits」之第77步兵旅,組成香港志願連 (Hong Kong Volunteer Squadron) ,在緬甸戰場上繼續抗戰。
另外值得一提是,香港浸會大學歴史系助理教授鄺智文曾在《二次大戰期間的香港華籍英兵》裡,指華藉英兵保衛香港的史實被淡忘,還有一個特定背景......
當年,由於國民政府的蔣介石,曾希望趁二戰機會收回香港,因此在政治宣傳上,宣稱英國人不願華人參與防守、最終丟失香港。其目的是要香港華人不對英國抱有任何幻想,推動香港「回歸」國民政府統治下的中國。
其中,最早提出這種說法的重要人物包括蔣介石的妻子宋美齡。她1942年4月19日在《紐約時報》以大篇幅討論「傲慢的英國人」。
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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The 71st Anti-air Artillery Regiment is an artillery regiment in the Spanish Army. It is based in Madrid, Spain. The 71st Anti-air Artillery Regiment , which fields Mistral surface-to-air missiles, GDF 07 35mm autocannons with Skyguard radar systems, Skyguard-Aspide surface-to-air missile systems and NASAMS surface-to-air missile systems, falls under operational control of the Spanish Army Air Defence Command (Spanish Mando de Artillería Antiaérea, MAAA).
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藝居裏的記憶|Artistic residence memory
藝居裏的記憶是 321巷藝術聚落「美學導覽筆記及明信片」書,兩者為活動式連結設計。
2003年為台南市北區古蹟。原日軍步兵第二聯隊官舍群,後為成大教授宿舍及藝術家郭柏川故居。2013年成立「321巷藝術聚落」,富含歷史軌跡與各年代記憶。
321歷史與新時代的藝文結合,具各種情感的印象聲音及視覺記憶,像是不同聲音的卡帶,這些「新聲」也象徵著地區「新生」。
設計為收音機(美學導覽筆記書)及卡帶(明信片書)型態,同時在收音機書籍的封面設計一個開口,可將不同的明信片替換,像是聽著不同321美聲,輪播新舊的地區美學記憶。書內設有筆記頁,是與讀者間的互動,讓藝居裏的記憶繼續交換而延續更多321情感。
The Artistic residence memory captures “321 Arts Village” in the aesthetic guide book and postcard book. The two are designed in the active linkage form.
“321 Arts Village” is located in Tainan's North district and was designated as a municipal monument on May 13, 2003. During the Japanese rule of Taiwan, this district belonged to the old Matsu town, close to mountain artillery units and engineer battalions, and served originally as the official residences for the second regiment of the Japanese infantry. After World War II, they became dormitories for the teachers at National Cheng Kung University. In one of them lived the well-known Taiwanese artist Guo Pochuan, and it has since become a memorial museum.
On March 23, 2013, the district was formally established as the “321 Arts Village”.
321 Artist Village has a rich history, both humanitarian and ecological. It’s full of memories from different eras.
321 Arts Village combines historical and modern artwork, which conceives expressional sounds and visual memories as much as cassettes with different sounds. These “new sounds” are the incarnation of the “new life” of the 321 district.
The book is designed in the appearance of a "stereo" (aesthetic guide book) and a "cassette" (postcard book). The cover of the stereo book is designed with an opener, which allows the postcards to be replaced conveniently. The act of exchanging the postcards is the way to start listening to difference voices of 321 district, rotating old and new memory of the regional aesthetics.
Simultaneously, each book includes pages for note-taking. This gives space for interaction with readers, and enables “Artistic residence memory " to interflow but still to long-live with further 321 impressions.
插畫設計|陳姵含
書籍攝影|邱立偉 Marco Chiu
321藝術聚落攝影| 張景泓
出版發行及內容編撰| 臺南市政府文化局
書籍印刷| 宏國印刷
封面紙張| 裕國美術紙業|恆采摩登
內頁紙張| 鑫天力紙業 / STL PAPER|義大利丹白紙
IG | https://www.instagram.com/peihan.chen/