📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事— 美國🇺🇸
📰 Covid-19 Poses More Risk to Patients With Chronic Illnesses - and That’s Bad for the U.S.
2019冠狀病毒對有慢性病患構成更多的風險,這個情況對美國來說是件壞事。
🖋 pose 跟 risk搭配,patient 和 chronic illness是常用詞匯。
Scientists now have a better idea of how much extra risk faced by people with other conditions such as diabetes.
📌 這一段說科學家現在對患有糖尿病等狀況的人所面對的風險有更好的理解。
🖋 have a better idea of 是個道地的説法,它源於 have a good idea of。
Scientists are developing a clearer picture of the extra risk of dying from Covid-19 borne by those with underlying health conditions, an aspect of the disease that researchers say might help explain why some countries suffer worse outbreaks than others.
📌 這段繼續介紹科學家的工作,並解釋他們的工作有助於解釋,為什麼一些國家比起其他國家面對病毒的爆發(outbreak)更加嚴重。
The bad news for the U.S.: Some of the conditions associated with the highest risk, such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes, are more prevalent in the U.S. than other comparable countries.
📌 這段聚焦美國的情況,the bad news 跟標題的bad呼應。除了diabetes,這段提述obesity和heart disease,這也是現代人的常見疾病。
“If we had better health outcomes, if we had less diabetes, less hypertension, less cardiovascular disease, then we would probably not see the morbidity and mortality that we see today from Covid-19,” said Monique J. Brown, an assistant professor of public health at the University of South Carolina.
📌 這段引述南卡羅萊納州大學助理教授的話,hypertension和cardiovascular disease也是常見的疾病。morbidity和mortality是相對專業的詞匯。
Some 15 million people world-wide have been infected with the new coronavirus, according to data compiled by Johns Hopkins University. More than 624,000 deaths globally have been attributed to Covid-19, the disease it causes, with 143,000 of those in the U.S. Case numbers are rising in large parts of the U.S. after restrictions on daily life were eased.
📌 這段也引述約翰霍普金斯大學的數據。
🖋 attributed to (歸因於),是表述因果關係的用語,ease 是動詞(跟easy有關聯的),他常與restriction搭配。
未完待續...
📰 全文請至
https://reurl.cc/g7OVQ7
📰 作者
Jason Douglas and Russell Gold
📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W
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aspect 動詞 在 翻譯這檔事 Facebook 的精選貼文
真是「省略」惹的禍?
——教英文最忌誤導
\\ 說英文最怕東省西省
"What were you thinking?"
想問問別人想法,為何說出口卻被當凶神惡煞?//
(來源 [1])
這篇教人英文的文章,從頭到尾是基於一個錯誤的前提和認知:以爲「省略」造成了差異。
唯一可以牽強涉及省略的例子,是 expecting 的字義,但那也是好久以前字義轉移的事了。原本及物動詞 expect 省略了受詞,發展出 expect 不及物用法,有了「期待新生兒來到」之意。
其他例子,統統都不是因爲所謂「省略」而造成意思的不同。所有例子,都有比錯誤的「省略之說」更爲基本的解釋:
一、一字多義(這是稀鬆平常的現象)。
二、動詞及物/不及物會影響語義(如 expect)。
三、基本句意,在不同語境會有不同含義。
僅此而已。
比方說,
What were you thinking?
What were you thinking about?
基本意思一樣,只不過一個及物、一個不及物,你怎能傻傻說前一個發生了什麼「省略」?沒有 about 就叫省略嗎?不,那叫「及物用法」。What 是及物動詞 think 的受詞,整個句子完好如原初,一開始就是這樣,沒有任何省略成分。爲了寫一篇文章,危言聳聽高喊「說英文最怕省東省西」,是真的不懂英文、不懂文法和語義的關係。
至於第一句會有「你到底怎麼想的?」那種質疑、負面的語氣,那只不過是因爲其基本意思「你當時在想什麼?」(中性語氣)在特定、適切情況下(比如從兩人對話中生氣的那一方脫口而出)會有的含義。僅此而已。
又比方說,
You're being offensive.
You're offensive.
意思大體也一樣,細節不同。兩者的基本差別,也絕絕對對不是後者「省略」了 being,而是,兩個是不同的動詞時貌(aspect),前者以進行(progressive)時貌帶出「反常」、「暫時」意,後者以非進行時貌表達「習慣」、「經常」、「固定狀態」意。僅此而已。
從某方面看,後者(你以爲「被省略」某個字)那個非進行貌的句子,是英文動詞的基本形態。把基本形態的句子貼上「省略」標籤,是荒唐的想法。既然基本,就不帶省略。
既然上述兩句話意思基本雷同,那麼前者
You're being offensive.
當然也能表達「你是 offensive (冒犯人、討人厭)」的意思咯!只不過,它含義是「你在這個場合突然一反常態,表現得 offensive 起來」。being 表達暫時、反常貌。
同理,
He was nice. (他平常為人很 nice。)
He was being nice. (那一次、當時,他只是故作客氣。他通常不是這樣的。)
所以,說 You're being offensive. 句意會因爲「沒有省略 being」就突然變成「你很積極」(註[2]),未能指出它和「You're offensive.」同享的基本語義,是很誤導讀者的,更別說害學生聽了你貌似專業之言從此誤會英文、偏離正確的認知和學習。
aspect 動詞 在 喬的英文筆記 Joe's English Learning Notes Facebook 的最佳解答
<單字深入探討單元- “regard”>
喬今天要分享的是字彙”regard”的深入探討,這個字大部份人都見過,但是卻很少徹底的分析它的意思與用法,喬今天就跟各位分享一下自己整理的筆記:
【regard的動詞意思】
(1) 把…當成
[to consider or think of in a specified way]
* regard A as B 把A當成B
例: I regard every assignment as a challenge.
例: They regarded his behavior as childish.
(2) 關心
[to relate to; concern]
例: The news does not regard the explosion.
這新聞不關心那爆炸事件
(3) 尊重; 顧慮
[to have or show respect or concern for]
* to regard highly 器重
(4) 看重
[to think highly of; esteem]
(5) 觀察; 觀看
[to look at; observe]
例: She regarded him with amusement.
(6) 對於..抱持..(的感情)
[to look upon or think of with a particular feeling]
例: to regard a person with favor 對一個人抱持著喜好的態度/情緒
(7) 注意
[to pay attention] (used without object)
(8) 凝視
[to look or gaze] (used without object)
例: The bird regarded me with suspicion as I walked up to its nest.
我走向鳥巢的時候,那隻鳥懷疑地注視著我
【regard的名詞意思】
(1) 注意; 考慮
[thought of, attention to or concern for something]
(2) 關係
[reference; relation]
例: to err with regard to facts
(3) 論點; 特定面向
[an aspect, point, or particular]
例: quite satisfactory in this regard
(4) 尊敬; 尊重
[respect, esteem, or deference]
例; a high regard for scholarship
(5) 善意
[kindly feeling; liking]
* friendly regard 情意
(6) 問候
[regards, sentiments of esteem or affection]
例: Give them my regards. 請代我向他們問候
【Idioms】
(1) as regards 關於; 至於 [in connection with]
例: There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements.
關於新的財務安排,沒有問題
(2) with /in regard to = referring to = concerning 關於; 有關
例: With regard to the new contract, we have some questions.
對於新的合約,我們有些疑問
【相關衍生單字以及用法】
(1) regards (n.) 問候
例: Please give my regards to your mother.
請代我向你媽問好
(2) regarding (介系詞) 關於; 有關
例: I have some comments regarding your presentation this morning.
關於你今早的報告,我有一些評語
(3) regardless (adv.) 無論; 不管; 儘管
regardless of + 疑問子句
例: I’ll follow my dreams regardless of whether you support me or not.
無論你支持我與否,我都要追尋我的夢想
regardless of + 名詞
Mary plans to travel Europe regardless of her parents’ objections.
儘管瑪莉爸媽的反對,她計畫去歐洲旅遊
* regardless of = in spite of = despite
(4) disregard (V.) 不理會; 漠視
例: Please disregard the information in the previous email.
請不要理會之前電子郵件的資訊
(字典參考: dictionary.com | dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com)