關於 associated state ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

- Chữa đề Writing thật tiếp theo thôi cả nhà ơi - Đề số 10 nhé: Some people think it is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment for people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Bài mẫu:

The state spending on public health has become a widely perpetual concern. Some individuals argue that these already scarce resources should be reserved for the prevention of lifestyle-related illness. In my opinion, the government should focus more on the prevention of illnesses rather than medical treatment.

On the one hand, certain acute diseases, non-preventable regardless of governmental efforts to promote a healthy lifestyle, still need a state budget allocation for medical care. One of the primary duties of the government is to provide publicly funded healthcare to the whole population. Therefore, covering therapeutic and medical costs for those already developing symptoms of acute conditions would be a significant part of that duty, helping mitigate the financial burden associated with those maladies. In other words, a dearth of investment in treatment would be devastating patients’ individual life and wreaking havoc on overall social welfare.
On the other hand, promoting a healthy lifestyle as a prevention strategy is meant to avoid the entire economic burden of chronic diseases, affecting a significant proportion of the population. Those conditions, occurring across different life course stages, share common preventable risk factors relating to unhealthy behaviors, including poor nutrition, inadequate physical activity, and chronic heavy drinking and smoking. If left unchecked, trends in chronic diseases risk factors combined with a growing and aging population will increase the numbers of people living with chronic conditions, later causing the heavy burden of illness in patients, their families, and the community. Therefore, given a scarcity of state budgets for various public services, the government should directly provide information, including health education campaigns, or regulating information, such as limits on advertising and guidelines on food labelings. As a result, positive changes in individual lifestyle would follow, helping them withstand the ravages of time, and saving the state budget for other economically beneficial needs, such as technological investment, education, and infrastructure, rather than spending on treatment.
In conclusion, while allocating its healthcare budget in treatment, the government should promote a healthy lifestyle to avoid preventable chronic diseases due to its economic rationality.
Words: 341

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Tháng 9 này, cùng IELTS Fighter Find your Fire - thắp đam mê, kệ Covid, học tập nâng cao kiến thức mỗi ngày nha. Các bạn cùng chờ đón cuộc thi Đại sứ IELTS Junior nè, Livestream học tập mỗi tuần và workshop online cho sinh viên siêu thú vị nữa nha. Theo dõi fanpage IELTS Fighter - Chiến binh IELTS để cập nhật thông tin nóng thường xuyên nhé.

疫情持續，但學習不能中斷。

今天與同學分享Presentality最新的寫作技巧分析。

英文寫作絕對不只是將單字句型套用在模板上就好了。

用專業的寫作方法讓你的寫作有意義!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

最近疫情再次高升，駐台灣的Bloomberg 記者寫了一篇文章：

Complacency Let Covid Erode Taiwan’s Only Line of Defense

自滿讓 COVID 侵蝕了台灣唯一的防線

文章：https://bloom.bg/3ywfKA9

我們來看看Bloomberg寫的一篇好文章：

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 結構：當調查故事寫

這篇文章讀起來一點都不無聊，不只是因為它攸關我們的社會，也是因為他在結構上，就像一個偵探調查的故事：

1. Opening line: 戲劇性開場，不要無聊
2. Background: 然後再給簡短背景
3. Key moment: 影響後續發展最關鍵的事件
4. Outcome: 這個決定的後果
5. What to do: 國際專家建議應該怎麼做
6. But.....: 可惜，可能做不到
7. Details: 後面的部分，再進入細節

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 最好的開頭 = 簡短有力、抓住注意力、又可以做結論

我們先來看開頭三段：

All the virus had to do was get through the border.

Until this week, Taiwan’s Covid-19 containment appeared to be so effective that virtually no other defenses were put in place: few tests, no local surveillance to pick up undetected infection and close to zero vaccination.

Lauded as one of most successful places in the world at containment, a high level of complacency about the risks had set in among both the public and authorities. Covid-19 seemed to be something happening only in the outside world.

如果是我們認識大部分的人來寫，通常會從第二段開始。為什麼？因為總是要解釋背景嘛！而且任何人在研究這個議題，都會從背景開始教育自己，所以就不自覺的從背景寫起。

但他們不這麼做，反而以一個吸引人的方式開頭：
All the virus had to do was get through the border.

這個開頭有幾個優點：
•簡短一行，讓人不會看到一大坨字就不想要繼續看
•有故事性：好像病毒是一個入侵的敵人
•又是結論：怎麼會發生？一旦病毒溜進來了，就會發生

這種是非常理想的開頭：因為就算我沒有時間看剩下的，也會理解到文章的重點：邊境守的很嚴，但是裡面很鬆散。

第一句，下的太好了。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 給一點背景後，馬上提到關鍵一個決定

記者們解釋背景的篇幅，就只有三段。他們很快就鎖定關鍵的一個 (錯誤) 決定：

The virus’s opening was an ill-fated decision on April 15 to shorten quarantine for airline crew to just three days, as carriers struggled to operate their cargo lines with staff undergoing 14-day isolation periods. Infected pilots introduced a more transmissible U.K. variant, whose spread was then accelerated through a network of “hostess bars” -- places both staff and patrons were reluctant to be associated with, making contact tracing more difficult.

如果他們再花 1-2 段解釋背景，文章就會變得有點無聊，會流失讀者。

所以他們在這裡提到關鍵的失策。

📌 Note：寫作語氣相對正式

這幾位記者，也許是受 Bloomberg 整體風格影響，還算正式。

從哪邊看的出來呢？

The virus's opening was an ill-fated decision...

輕鬆口語化的文章，絕對不會用 "ill-fated" (ill 就是生病/不好嘛，fate 就是命運，所以就是「之後的命運不好」的一個決定。這是一個很不錯的字就是了。

另一個例子，看這句：

Infected pilots introduced a more transmissible U.K. variant, whose spread was then accelerated through a network of “hostess bars” -- places both staff and patrons were reluctant to be associated with, making contact tracing more difficult.

哇噻，尤其 "reluctant to be associated with"，好。。。委婉啊

怎麼樣寫的平易近人一點？

Infected pilots carried a more transmissible U.K. variant, which then spread quickly through a network of "hostess bars". This also made contact tracing harder — because staff and customers didn't want to admit that they worked at or visited these bars.

稍微長一點，但是用的字都比較直白簡單。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

📌 強調嚴重性

這個失策跟破口，有多嚴重的後果？

Taiwan reported 267 new infections Wednesday, bringing the total over the past few days to 1,291 -- a small number in global terms but an astonishing one in a place that, before May 1, had posted just 1,132 cases during the entire pandemic.

The surge from zero to quadruple digits signals that undetected spread has been occurring for months, and concern is now growing that Taiwan will go the way of other cautionary tales, from the outbreak last year in Australia’s Victoria state that took a brutal three-month lockdown to quell, to Thailand’s ongoing surge driven by prison clusters.

"The surge from zero to quadruple"

這邊，寫的非常好，因為雖然不是真正的 rhyme，還是聽起來很近，所以有節奏感。

"Go the way of other cautionary tales" 又是一個文筆很好的寫法，就是「變得跟那些拿來警惕大家的故事一樣」的意思。

但是記得，別在聊天的時候用這些啊，對方會覺得你很奇怪。

這邊他們把最壞的可能性帶進來：就是台灣可能變得跟那些 cautionary tales 一樣。

這邊也讓讀者緊張起來。

但因為他們寫 "concern is now growing..."，又沒有說「誰的 concern」，所以應該要馬上帶具有可信度的 source 進來：

“If they have 300 diagnosed cases, they have 3,000 cases in the community -- they just don’t know it.” said Gregory Poland, a virologist and director of the Mayo Clinic’s Vaccine Research Group. “It’s going to require a hard lockdown, what’s called a circuit-breaker approach, and then getting the vaccine out as quickly as they can.”

這樣就比較有可信度了，也指出一個解決的可能性：lock down，然後疫苗。

但是...

★★★★★★★★★★★★

需要完整分析的同學請留言「看 Bloomberg學資深記者如何寫文章」。

我們每天都在看跟英文溝通/寫作有關的東西，如果想要透過這些「閱讀筆記」跟我們一起看，可在 FB 追蹤我們：https://www.facebook.com/presentality/

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Presentality系列文章:

📌 看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信，學一些英文寫作小撇步
https://bit.ly/3xCN1cC

📌 英文演講實用的結構與技巧
https://bit.ly/2PHu3Ax

📌 在演講中的四種敘述角度
https://bit.ly/39tNUtv

📌 詩人Amanda Gorman的英文演講技巧
https://bit.ly/39sI3on

📌 從 Most Dangerous Place 文章，看經濟學人寫作邏輯
https://bit.ly/3htqJEs

📌 寫作的終極目標是「提供價值」
https://bit.ly/3yA3gYe

身體是最直接, 最持續的狀態;
夢想也是無意識的,
但作為一群影象,
它缺乏身體的即時性和連續性.
"The body is the unconscious in its most immediate and continuous form; the dream is also the unconscious, though as a body of images it lacks both the immediacy and continuity of the physical body.

無意識本身是不可知的;
它是從自發或非自願的身體運動和夢想中推斷出來的現實.
最終, 我們可能會把身體運動或夢想狀態視為一種不知不覺的表現,
而是一種在我們身上和我們內心運作的意識.
當然, 很多人相信,
我們現在認為的無意識相當於神的傳統概念,
即內心無所不知的存在.
同樣, 我談論索菲亞或聖母,
因為她們是與上帝女性一面相關的神聖女性生物.
通過把它們定位在潛意識中,
我從沒有到內心沿著神的道路,
這就是意識運動本身的特點.
此外, 我建議, 我們現在稱之為無意識的
是心理現實中一種只是在地下太久的意識.
在煉金術中, 有deus absconditus (男性)的概念, 隱藏的神.
但是無意識的還包括dea abscondita, 黑色麥當娜,
她選擇隱藏自己, 以保護人類免受殺害她的毀滅性後果.
The unconscious per se is unknowable; it is a reality that is inferred from such things as spontaneous or involuntary body movement and dreams. Ultimately we may come to think of body movement or the dreaming state as a manifestation not of unconsciousness, but as a consciousness that operates upon us and within us. Certainly there are many who believe that what we now think of as the unconscious is equivalent to the traditional concept of God as an unsleeping Being within, an omniscient inner presence. Similarly, I speak of Sophia or of the Virgin because they are divine womanly beings associated with the feminine side of God. By locating them in the unconscious I am following the path of God from without to within, the path that characterizes the movement of consciousness itself. Moreover, I am suggesting that what we now call the unconscious is in psychological reality a consciousness that has simply been underground for too long. In alchemy there is the concept of the deus absconditus (male), the hidden god in matter. But the unconscious also includes the dea abscondita, the Black Madonna, the goddess who has chosen to hide herself in order to protect humanity from the devastating consequences of killing her.

現代社會, 遠遠超過我們所知, 是尼採宣言′′上帝死了′′的後代.
他沒有死, 女神也沒有死. 他們只是躲藏起來.
他們的藏身處是潛意識.
當他們不再需要躲起來保護人免遭摧毀他們來摧毀自己時,
他們, 神和女神將再次出現.
當他們這樣做時, 我們會看到昏迷的事實:
上帝對他的創造的意識, 包括身體的意識.
那個運動尼採認同了狄奧尼索斯.
Modern society, far more than we realize, is the offspring of Nietzsche's declaration, "God is dead." He is not dead, nor is the Goddess. They are merely hiding. Their hiding place is the unconscious. When it is no longer necessary for them to hide in order to protect man from destroying himself by destroying them, they, God and Goddess together, will re-emerge. And when they do we will see the unconscious for what it is: God's consciousness of his creation which includes the body's consciousness of itself. That movement Nietzsche identified with Dionysus.
上帝的歸來是人類最古老的期望之一.
每一個世界宗教都在為他的回歸做準備.
每個宗教仍然在等待它. 這種期望意味著甚麼?
我們已經認識上帝的外向表現,
透過他的法律, 命令, 他的話語. 這是標誌, 上帝的男性一面.
我們在第二次到來時等待的是我們所缺少的:
上帝的內心動力或過程.
這位神的創造力而不是他的創造力是女性的本質,
傳統上在古代的奧秘中頒布.
因此, 歸來是神女性一面的出現,
幾百年來, 我們稱之為無意識的人逐漸成形.
現在是時候了, 我們可以創造性地處理上帝作為對立的結合的概念, 因此看到女性不再通過男性玻璃暗黑,
而是面對面面對卓越的臉."
The return of God is one of the most ancient expectations of the human race. Every world religion has presented itself as preparing for his return. Every religion still awaits it. What does this expectation imply? We already know God in his outward manifestation, by his laws, his commands, his word. That is the Logos, the masculine side of God. What we await in the Second Coming is what we lack: God's inner dynamic or process. This God in his creativeness rather than in his creation is the essence of the feminine, traditionally enacted in the ancient Mysteries. The return is therefore the emergence of the feminine side of God, which has been gradually taking shape for centuries in what we call the unconscious. The time has now come when we can deal creatively with the concept of God as the union of opposites, and therefore see the feminine no longer darkly through a masculine glass, but face to androgynous face."

~瑪麗昂·伍德曼,
沈迷於完美:
仍然無力的新娘
~Marion Woodman,
Addiction to Perfection:
The Still Unravished Bride

週六，美國 Tennessee 州中部發生致命洪水，造成至少 18 人死亡，多人下落不明。破紀錄的降雨量讓水位迅速上漲，當地居民措手不及。最年輕的罹難者為一對僅 7 個月大的雙胞胎嬰兒，不敵洪水的威力，從父親的懷抱中被沖走。

📝 訂閱講義 & 朗讀稿 (只要 $88 /月)：https://bit.ly/ssyingwen_notes
👉 延伸閱讀：https://ssyingwen.com/ssep48
🖼️ IG 單字卡: https://bit.ly/ssyingwenIG

😴 8/29 週日休息一集，9/1 週三恢復～

———

本集 timestamps
0:00 Intro
0:51 第一遍英文朗讀
3:05 新聞 & 相關單字解說
14:36 額外單字片語
20:23 第二遍英文朗讀

———

臉書社團 (朗讀文字)：https://www.facebook.com/groups/ssyingwen/posts/289936546225925/

朗讀內容參考了
The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/aug/23/tennessee-floods-flash-flooding-death-toll-damage
Associated Press: https://apnews.com/article/floods-tennessee-c7c876734f3ddbafd61fd98989a647f1
BBC: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58300877
NPR: https://www.npr.org/2021/08/23/1030325945/the-floods-in-tennessee-arent-freak-accidents-theyre-a-new-reality

———

本集提到的單字片語：
Tennessee 田納西州
Landlocked state 內陸州
Tennesseans 田納西人
Nashville
Flash flood warning 突發性水災的警報
Meteorologist 氣象學家
Hurricane 颶風
Tropical system 熱帶系統
Break / shatter / smash the record 破紀錄
Torrential rain 暴雨
Flood / flooding 水災
Floodwater 洪水
Deluge 嚴重水災
Flash flood 暴洪
Survivors 倖存者
Panic attack 驚恐發作
Jet skis 水上摩托車
Boats 船
Helicopter 直升機
Wreckage 殘骸
Rhode Island 羅德島
Connecticut 康州
New York 紐約州
Climate change 氣候變遷
Global warming 全球暖化
Supercharge 增壓、超級充電
Disaster
Calamity
Catastrophe
Tragedy
Staycation


♥️ 喜歡時事英文 podcast 嗎？♥️
你可以支持我繼續錄製 podcast 👉 https://bit.ly/zeczec_ssyingwen

————


#podcast #田納西州 #洪災 #洪水 #暴雨 #學英文 #英文筆記 #英文學習 #英文 #每日英文 #托福 #雅思 #雅思英語 #雅思托福 #多益 #多益單字 #播客 #國際新聞 #英文新聞 #英文聽力 #taiwanpodcast

本身記者嘅一條問題，其實可以好簡單去看待，而且喺國際關係中，其實唔一定係完全獨立國家，亦有加入世衛既先例：庫克群島、紐埃島作為紐西蘭「自由聯合邦」，正係現存例子。Associated States究竟是甚麼？美國亦有Associated States：密克羅尼西亞聯邦、馬紹爾群島、帛琉，又點解連聯合國都可以加入？呢啲案例，好值得進一步研究。但當一切都要上綱上線，唔係A就一定係B，又係咪大家想樂見呢？

Music: CREATIVE MINDS by Benjamin Tissot
Summer - Bensound

Simon 沈旭暉 堅離地 Social Media ▶️
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/shensimon
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其他合作及查詢可以電郵至simonshen@glos.world。

pennyccwai

Check out Allen Iverson’s milestones throughout his career from his first points in Philadelphia to his last point at Chicago Bulls.

24368 career points

NBA

Allen Ezail Iverson (born June 7, 1975) is an American retired professional basketball player who played for four different teams (Philadelphia 76ers, Denver Nuggets, Memphis Grizzlies, Detroit Pistons) during 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played both the point guard and shooting guard positions. Iverson was an eleven-time NBA All-Star and won the All-Star MVP award in 2001 and 2005.

Iverson attended Bethel High School in Hampton, Virginia and was a dual-sport athlete. He earned the Associated Press High School Player of the Year award in both football and basketball, and won the Division AAA Virginia state championship in both sports. After high school, Iverson attended Georgetown University for two years, where he set the school record for career scoring average (22.9 points per game) and won Big East Defensive Player of the Year awards both years.

Following two successful years at Georgetown, Iverson declared eligibility for the 1996 NBA Draft, and was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers with the number one pick. He was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in the 1996–97 season. Winning the NBA scoring title during the 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02 and 2004–05 seasons, Iverson was one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history, despite his small stature (listed at 6 feet, 0 inches). His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks sixth all-time, and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan. Iverson was also the NBA Most Valuable Player of the 2000–01 season and led his team to the 2001 NBA Finals the same season. Iverson represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal. He also played for the Denver Nuggets, Detroit Pistons and the Memphis Grizzlies, before ending his NBA career with the 76ers during the 2009–10 season.

He was rated the fifth-greatest NBA shooting guard of all time by ESPN in 2008. Iverson officially announced his retirement from professional basketball on October 30, 2013.