關於 back to the future introduction ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

這是前些日子爆出已經被加拿大法院接理對藏傳佛教噶舉派法王的訟訴。（加拿大法院鏈接在此：https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/21/09/2021BCSC0939cor1.htm?fbclid=IwAR2FLZlzmUIGTBaTuKPVchEqqngcE3Qy6G_C0TWNWVKa2ksbIYkVJVMQ8f8）

這位法王的桃色事件，我是幾年前才聽到。但，藏傳佛教的高層有這些性醜聞，我已經聽了幾十年。我以前的一位前女友也被一些堪布藉故上她的家摟抱過，也有一些活佛跟她表白。（這不只是她，其他地方我也聽過不少）

這是一個藏傳佛教裡面系統式的問題。

很多時候發生這種事情，信徒和教主往往都是說女方得不到寵而報仇，或者說她們也精神病，或者說她們撒謊。

我不排除有這種可能性，但，多過一位，甚至多位出來指證的時候，我是傾向於相信『沒有那麼巧這麼多有精神病的女人要撒謊來報仇』。

大寶法王的桃色事件，最先吹哨的是一位台灣的在家信徒，第二位是香港的女出家人，現在加拿大又多一位公開舉報上法庭。

對大寶法王信徒來說，這一次的比較麻煩，因為是有孩子的。（關於有孩子的，我早在法王的桃色事件曝光時，就有聽聞）

如果法庭勒令要驗證DNA，這對法王和他的信徒來說，會很尷尬和矛盾，因為做或不做，都死。

你若問我，我覺得『人數是有力量的』，同時我也覺得之後有更多的人站出來，是不出奇的。

我也藉此呼籲各方佛教徒，如果你們真的愛佛教，先別說批判，但如鴕鳥般不討論這些爭議，你是間接害了佛教。

（下面是我從加拿大法院鏈接拷貝下來的內容，當中有很多細節。）

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

ANALYSIS

A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?

F. Delay / Prejudice

CONCLUSION



INTRODUCTION
[1] The claimant applies to amend her notice of family claim to seek spousal support. At issue is whether the claimant’s allegations give rise to a reasonable claim she lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship, so as to give rise to a potential entitlement to spousal support under the Family Law Act, S.B.C. 2011, c. 25 (“FLA”).

[2] The facts alleged by the claimant do not fit within a traditional concept of marriage. The claimant does not allege that she and the respondent ever lived together. Indeed, she has only met the respondent in person four times: twice very briefly in a public setting; a third time in private, when she alleges the respondent sexually assaulted her; and a fourth and final occasion, when she informed the respondent she was pregnant with his child.

[3] The claimant’s case is that what began as a non-consensual sexual encounter evolved into a loving and affectionate relationship. That relationship occurred almost entirely over private text messages. The parties rarely spoke on the telephone, and never saw one another during the relationship, even over video. The claimant says they could not be together because the respondent is forbidden by his station and religious beliefs from intimate relationships or marriage. Nonetheless, she alleges, they formed a marriage-like relationship that lasted from January 2018 to January 2019.

[4] The respondent denies any romantic relationship with the claimant. While he acknowledges providing emotional and financial support to the claimant, he says it was for the benefit of the child the claimant told him was his daughter.

[5] The claimant’s proposed amendment raises a novel question: can a secret relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world be like a marriage? In my view, that question should be answered by a trial judge after hearing all of the evidence. The alleged facts give rise to a reasonable claim the claimant lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship. Accordingly, I grant the claimant leave to amend her notice of family claim.

BACKGROUND
[6] It should be emphasized that this is an application to amend pleadings only. The allegations by the claimant are presumed to be true for the purposes of this application. Those allegations have not been tested in a court of law.

[7] The respondent, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, is a high lama of the Karma Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism. He has been recognized and enthroned as His Holiness, the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa. Without meaning any disrespect, I will refer to him as Mr. Dorje in these reasons for judgment.

[8] Mr. Dorje leads a monastic and nomadic lifestyle. His true home is Tibet, but he currently resides in India. He receives followers from around the world at the Gyuto Monetary in India. He also travels the world teaching Tibetan Buddhist Dharma and hosting pujas, ceremonies at which Buddhists express their gratitude and devotion to the Buddha.

[9] The claimant, Vikki Hui Xin Han, is a former nun of Tibetan Buddhism. Ms. Han first encountered Mr. Dorje briefly at a large puja in 2014. The experience of the puja convinced Ms. Han she wanted to become a Buddhist nun. She met briefly with Mr. Dorje, in accordance with Kagyu traditions, to obtain his approval to become a nun.

[10] In October 2016, Ms. Han began a three-year, three-month meditation retreat at a monastery in New York State. Her objective was to learn the practices and teachings of the Kagyu Lineage. Mr. Dorje was present at the retreat twice during the time Ms. Han was at the monastery.

[11] Ms. Han alleges that on October 14, 2017, Mr. Dorje sexually assaulted her in her room at the monastery. She alleges that she became pregnant from the assault.

[12] After she learned that she was pregnant, Ms. Han requested a private audience with Mr. Dorje. In November 2017, in the presence of his bodyguards, Ms. Han informed Mr. Dorje she was pregnant with his child. Mr. Dorje initially denied responsibility; however, he provided Ms. Han with his email address and a cellphone number, and, according to Ms. Han, said he would “prepare some money” for her.

[13] Ms. Han abandoned her plan to become a nun, left the retreat and returned to Canada. She never saw Mr. Dorje again.

[14] After Ms. Han returned to Canada, she and Mr. Dorje began a regular communication over an instant messaging app called Line. They also exchanged emails and occasionally spoke on the telephone.

[15] The parties appear to have expressed care and affection for one another in these communications. I say “appear to” because it is difficult to fully understand the meaning and intentions of another person from brief text messages, especially those originally written in a different language. The parties wrote in a private shorthand, sharing jokes, emojis, cartoon portraits and “hugs” or “kisses”. Ms. Han was the more expressive of the two, writing more frequently and in longer messages. Mr. Dorje generally participated in response to questions or prompting from Ms. Han, sometimes in single word messages.

[16] Ms. Han deposes that she believed Mr. Dorje was in love with her and that, by January 2018, she and Mr. Dorje were living in a “conjugal relationship”.

[17] During their communications, Ms. Han expressed concern that her child would be “illegitimate”. She appears to have asked Mr. Dorje to marry her, and he appears to have responded that he was “not ready”.

[18] Throughout 2018, Mr. Dorje transferred funds in various denominations to Ms. Han through various third parties. Ms. Han deposes that these funds were:

a) $50,000 CDN to deliver the child and for postpartum care she was to receive at a facility in Seattle;

b) $300,000 CDN for the first year of the child’s life;

c) $20,000 USD for a wedding ring, because Ms. Han wrote “Even if we cannot get married, you must buy me a wedding ring”;

d) $400,000 USD to purchase a home for the mother and child.

[19] On June 19, 2018, Ms. Han gave birth to a daughter in Richmond, B.C.

[20] On September 17, 2018, Mr. Dorje wrote, ”Taking care of her and you are my duty for life”.

[21] Ms. Han’s expectation was that the parties would live together in the future. She says they planned to live together. Those plans evolved over time. Initially they involved purchasing a property in Toronto, so that Mr. Dorje could visit when he was in New York. They also discussed purchasing property in Calgary or renting a home in Vancouver for that purpose. Ms. Han eventually purchased a condominium in Richmond using funds provided by Mr. Dorje.

[22] Ms. Han deposes that the parties made plans for Mr. Dorje to visit her and meet the child in Richmond. In October 2018, however, Mr. Dorje wrote that he needed to “disappear” to Europe. He wrote:

I will definitely find a way to meet her

And you

Remember to take care of yourself if something happens

[23] The final plan the parties discussed, according to Ms. Han, was that Mr. Dorje would sponsor Ms. Han and the child to immigrate to the United States and live at the Kagyu retreat centre in New York State.

[24] In January 2019, Ms. Han lost contact with Mr. Dorje.

[25] Ms. Han commenced this family law case on July 17, 2019, seeking child support, a declaration of parentage and a parentage test. She did not seek spousal support.

[26] Ms. Han first proposed a claim for spousal support in October 2020 after a change in her counsel. Following an exchange of correspondence concerning an application for leave to amend the notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s counsel wrote that Ms. Han would not be advancing a spousal support claim. On March 16, 2020, counsel reversed course, and advised that Ms. Han had instructed him to proceed with the application.

[27] When this application came on before me, the trial was set to commence on June 7, 2021. The parties were still in the process of discoveries and obtaining translations for hundreds of pages of documents in Chinese characters.

[28] At a trial management conference on May 6, 2021, noting the parties were not ready to proceed, Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to April 11, 2022.

ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
[29] To claim spousal support in this case, Ms. Han must plead that she lived with Mr. Dorje in a marriage-like relationship. This is because only “spouses” are entitled to spousal support, and s. 3 of the Family Law Act defines a spouse as a person who is married or has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship:

3 (1) A person is a spouse for the purposes of this Act if the person

(a) is married to another person, or

(b) has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship, and

(i) has done so for a continuous period of at least 2 years, or

(ii) except in Parts 5 [Property Division] and 6 [Pension Division], has a child with the other person.

[30] Because she alleges she has a child with Mr. Dorje, Ms. Han need not allege that the relationship endured for a continuous period of two years to claim spousal support; but she must allege that she lived in a marriage-like relationship with him at some point in time. Accordingly, she must amend the notice of family claim.

B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
[31] Given that the notice of trial has been served, Ms. Han requires leave of the court to amend the notice of family claim: Supreme Court Family Rule 8-1(1)(b)(i).

[32] A person seeking to amend a notice of family claim must show that there is a reasonable cause of action. This is a low threshold. What the applicant needs to establish is that, if the facts pleaded are proven at trial, they would support a reasonable claim. The applicant’s allegations of fact are assumed to be true for the purposes of this analysis. Cantelon v. Wall, 2015 BCSC 813, at para. 7-8.

[33] The applicant’s delay, the reasons for the delay, and the prejudice to the responding party are also relevant factors. The ultimate consideration is whether it would be just and convenient to allow the amendment. Cantelon, at para. 6, citing Teal Cedar Products Ltd. v. Dale Intermediaries Ltd. et al (1986), 19 B.C.L.R. (3d) 282.

C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
[34] Supreme Court Family Rules 3-1(1) and 4-1(1) require that a claim to spousal support be pleaded in a notice of family claim in Form F3. Section 2 of Form F3, “Spousal relationship history”, requires a spousal support claimant to check the boxes that apply to them, according to whether they are or have been married or are or have been in a marriage-like relationship. Where a claimant alleges a marriage-like relationship, Form F3 requires that they provide the date on which they began to live together with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship and, where applicable, the date on which they separated. Form F3 does not require a statement of the factual basis for the claim of spousal support.

[35] In this case, Ms. Han seeks to amend the notice of family claim to allege that she and Mr. Dorje began to live in a marriage-like relationship in or around January 2018, and separated in or around January 2019.

[36] An allegation that a person lived with a claimant in a marriage-like relationship is a conclusion of law, not an allegation of fact. Unlike the rules governing pleadings in civil actions, however, the Supreme Court Family Rules do not expressly require family law claimants to plead the material facts in support of conclusions of law.

[37] In other words, there is no express requirement in the Supreme Court Family Rules that Ms. Han plead the facts on which she relies for the allegation she and Mr. Dorje lived in a marriage-like relationship.

[38] Rule 4-6 authorizes a party to demand particulars, and then apply to the court for an order for further and better particulars, of a matter stated in a pleading. However, unless and until she is granted leave and files the proposed amended notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s allegation of a marriage-like relationship is not a matter stated in a pleading.

[39] Ms. Han filed an affidavit in support of her application to amend the notice of family claim. Normally, evidence would not be required or admissible on an application to amend a pleading. However, in the unusual circumstances of this case, the parties agreed I may look to Ms. Han’s affidavit and exhibits for the facts she pleads in support of the allegation of a marriage-like relationship.

[40] Because this is an application to amend - and Ms. Han’s allegations of fact are presumed to be true - I have not considered Mr. Dorje’s responding affidavit.

[41] Relying on affidavit evidence for an application to amend pleadings is less than ideal. It tends to merge and confuse the material facts with the evidence that would be relied on to prove those facts. In a number of places in her affidavit, for example, Ms. Han describes her feelings, impressions and understandings. A person’s hopes and intentions are not normally material facts unless they are mutual or reasonably held. The facts on which Ms. Han alleges she and Mr. Dorje formed a marriage-like relationship are more important for the present purposes than her belief they entered into a conjugal union.

[42] Somewhat unusually, in this case, almost all of the parties’ relevant communications were in writing. This makes it somewhat easier to separate the facts from the evidence; however, as stated above, it is difficult to understand the intentions and actions of a person from brief text messages.

[43] In my view, it would be a good practice for applicants who seek to amend their pleadings in family law cases to provide opposing counsel and the court with a schedule of the material facts on which they rely for the proposed amendment.

D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
[44] As Mr. Justice Myers observed in Mother 1 v. Solus Trust Company, 2019 BCSC 200, the concept of a marriage-like relationship is elastic and difficult to define. This elasticity is illustrated by the following passage from Yakiwchuk v. Oaks, 2003 SKQB 124, quoted by Myers J. at para. 133 of Mother 1:

[10] Spousal relationships are many and varied. Individuals in spousal relationships, whether they are married or not, structure their relationships differently. In some relationships there is a complete blending of finances and property - in others, spouses keep their property and finances totally separate and in still others one spouse may totally control those aspects of the relationship with the other spouse having little or no knowledge or input. For some couples, sexual relations are very important - for others, that aspect may take a back seat to companionship. Some spouses do not share the same bed. There may be a variety of reasons for this such as health or personal choice. Some people are affectionate and demonstrative. They show their feelings for their “spouse” by holding hands, touching and kissing in public. Other individuals are not demonstrative and do not engage in public displays of affection. Some “spouses” do everything together - others do nothing together. Some “spouses” vacation together and some spend their holidays apart. Some “spouses” have children - others do not. It is this variation in the way human beings structure their relationships that make the determination of when a “spousal relationship” exists difficult to determine. With married couples, the relationship is easy to establish. The marriage ceremony is a public declaration of their commitment and intent. Relationships outside marriage are much more difficult to ascertain. Rarely is there any type of “public” declaration of intent. Often people begin cohabiting with little forethought or planning. Their motivation is often nothing more than wanting to “be together”. Some individuals have chosen to enter relationships outside marriage because they did not want the legal obligations imposed by that status. Some individuals have simply given no thought as to how their relationship would operate. Often the date when the cohabitation actually began is blurred because people “ease into” situations, spending more and more time together. Agreements between people verifying when their relationship began and how it will operate often do not exist.

[45] In Mother 1, Mr. Justice Myers referred to a list of 22 factors grouped into seven categories, from Maldowich v. Penttinen, (1980), 17 R.F.L. (2d) 376 (Ont. Dist. Ct.), that have frequently been cited in this and other courts for the purpose of determining whether a relationship was marriage-like, at para. 134 of Mother 1:

1. Shelter:

(a) Did the parties live under the same roof?

(b) What were the sleeping arrangements?

(c) Did anyone else occupy or share the available accommodation?

2. Sexual and Personal Behaviour:

(a) Did the parties have sexual relations? If not, why not?

(b) Did they maintain an attitude of fidelity to each other?

(c) What were their feelings toward each other?

(d) Did they communicate on a personal level?

(e) Did they eat their meals together?

(f) What, if anything, did they do to assist each other with problems or during illness?

(g) Did they buy gifts for each other on special occasions?

3. Services:

What was the conduct and habit of the parties in relation to:

(a) preparation of meals;

(b) washing and mending clothes;

(c) shopping;

(d) household maintenance; and

(e) any other domestic services?

4. Social:

(a) Did they participate together or separately in neighbourhood and community activities?

(b) What was the relationship and conduct of each of them toward members of their respective families and how did such families behave towards the parties?

5. Societal:

What was the attitude and conduct of the community toward each of them and as a couple?

6. Support (economic):

(a) What were the financial arrangements between the parties regarding the provision of or contribution toward the necessaries of life (food, clothing, shelter, recreation, etc.)?

(b) What were the arrangements concerning the acquisition and ownership of property?

(c) Was there any special financial arrangement between them which both agreed would be determinant of their overall relationship?

7. Children:

What was the attitude and conduct of the parties concerning children?

[46] In Austin v. Goerz, 2007 BCCA 586, the Court of Appeal cautioned against a “checklist approach”; rather, a court should "holistically" examine all the relevant factors. Cases like Molodowich provide helpful indicators of the sorts of behaviour that society associates with a marital relationship, the Court of Appeal said; however, “the presence or absence of any particular factor cannot be determinative of whether a relationship is marriage-like” (para. 58).

[47] In Weber v. Leclerc, 2015 BCCA 492, the Court of Appeal again affirmed that there is no checklist of characteristics that will be found in all marriages and then concluded with respect to evidence of intentions:

[23] The parties’ intentions – particularly the expectation that the relationship will be of lengthy, indeterminate duration – may be of importance in determining whether a relationship is “marriage-like”. While the court will consider the evidence expressly describing the parties’ intentions during the relationship, it will also test that evidence by considering whether the objective evidence is consonant with those intentions.

[24] The question of whether a relationship is “marriage-like” will also typically depend on more than just their intentions. Objective evidence of the parties’ lifestyle and interactions will also provide direct guidance on the question of whether the relationship was “marriage-like”.

[48] Significantly for this case, the courts have looked to mutual intent in order to find a marriage-like relationship. See, for example, L.E. v. D.J., 2011 BCSC 671 and Buell v. Unger, 2011 BCSC 35; Davey Estate v. Gruyaert, 2005 CarswellBC 3456 at 13 and 35.

[49] In Mother 1, Myers J. concluded his analysis of the law with the following learned comment:

[143] Having canvassed the law relating to the nature of a marriage-like relationship, I will digress to point out the problematic nature of the concept. It may be apparent from the above that determining whether a marriage-like relationship exists sometimes seems like sand running through one's fingers. Simply put, a marriage-like relationship is akin to a marriage without the formality of a marriage. But as the cases mentioned above have noted, people treat their marriages differently and have different conceptions of what marriage entails.

[50] In short, the determination of whether the parties in this case lived in a marriage-like relationship is a fact-specific inquiry that a trial judge would need to make on a “holistic” basis, having regard to all of the evidence. While the trial judge may consider the various factors listed in the authorities, those factors would not be treated as a checklist and no single factor or category of factors would be treated as being decisive.

E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
[51] In this case, many of the Molodowich factors are missing:

a) The parties never lived under the same roof. They never slept together. They were never in the same place at the same time during the relationship. The last time they saw each other in person was in November 2017, before the relationship began.

b) The parties never had consensual sex. They did not hug, kiss or hold hands. With the exception of the alleged sexual assault, they never touched one another physically.

c) The parties expressed care and affection for one another, but they rarely shared personal information or interest in their lives outside of their direct topic of communication. They did not write about their families, their friends, their religious beliefs or their work.

d) They expressed concern and support for one another when the other felt unwell or experienced health issues, but they did not provide any care or assistance during illness or other problems.

e) They did not assist one another with domestic chores.

f) They did not share their relationship with their peers or their community. There is no allegation, for example, that Mr. Dorje told his fellow monks or any of his followers about the relationship. There is no allegation that Ms. Han told her friends or any co-workers. Indeed, there is no allegation that anyone, with the exception of Ms. Han’s mother, knew about the relationship. Although Mr. Dorje gave Ms. Han’s mother a gift, he never met the mother and he never spoke to her.

g) They did not intend to have a child together. The child was conceived as a result of a sexual assault. While Mr. Dorje expressed interest in “meeting” the child, he never followed up. He currently has no relationship with the child. There is no allegation he has sought access or parenting arrangements.

[52] The only Molodowich factor of any real relevance in this case is economic support. Mr. Dorje provided the funds with which Ms. Han purchased a condominium. Mr. Dorje initially wrote that he wanted to buy a property with the money, but, he wrote, “It’s the same thing if you buy [it]”.

[53] Mr. Dorje also provided a significant amount of money for Ms. Han’s postpartum care and the child’s first year of life.

[54] This financial support may have been primarily for the benefit of the child. Even the condominium, Ms. Han wrote, was primarily for the benefit of the child.

[55] However, in my view, a trial judge may attach a broader significance to the financial support from Mr. Dorje than child support alone. A trial judge may find that the money Mr. Dorje provided to Ms. Han at her request was an expression of his commitment to her in circumstances in which he could not commit physically. The money and the gifts may be seen by the trial judge to have been a form of down payment by Mr. Dorje on a promise of continued emotional and financial support for Ms. Han, or, in Mr. Dorje’s own words, “Taking care of her and you are my duty for life” (emphasis added).

[56] On the other hand, I find it difficult to attach any particular significance to the fact that Mr. Dorje agreed to provide funds for Ms. Han to purchase a wedding ring. It appears to me that Ms. Han demanded that Mr. Dorje buy her a wedding ring, not that the ring had any mutual meaning to the parties as a marriage symbol. But it is relevant, in my view, that Mr. Dorje provided $20,000 USD to Ms. Han for something she wanted that was of no benefit to the child.

[57] Further, Ms. Han alleges that the parties intended to live together. At a minimum, a trial judge may find that the discussions about where Ms. Han and the child would live reflected a mutual intention of the parties to see one another and spend time together when they could.

[58] Mr. Dorje argues that an intention to live together at some point in the future is not sufficient to show that an existing relationship was marriage-like. He argues that the question of whether the relationship was marriage-like requires more than just intentions, citing Weber, supra.

[59] In my view, the documentary evidence referred to above provides some objective evidence in this case that the parties progressed beyond mere intentions. As stated, the parties appear to have expressed genuine care and affection for one another. They appear to have discussed marriage, trust, honesty, finances, mutual obligations and acquiring family property. These are not matters one would expect Mr. Dorje to discuss with a friend or a follower, or even with the mother of his child, without a marriage-like element of the relationship.

[60] A trial judge may find on the facts alleged by Ms. Han that the parties loved one another and would have lived together, but were unable to do so because of Mr. Dorje’s religious duties and nomadic lifestyle.

[61] The question I raised in the introduction to these reasons is whether a relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world can be marriage-like.

[62] Notably, the definition of a spouse in the Family Law Act does not require that the parties live together, only that they live with another person in a marriage-like relationship.

[63] In Connor Estate, 2017 BCSC 978, Mr. Justice Kent found that a couple that maintained two entirely separate households and never lived under the same roof formed a marriage-like relationship. (Connor Estate was decided under the intestacy provisions of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act, S.B.C. 2009, c. 13 ("WESA"), but courts have relied on cases decided under WESA and the FLA interchangeably for their definitions of a spouse.) Mr. Justice Kent found:

[50] The evidence is overwhelming and I find as a fact that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved and cared deeply about each other, and that they had a loving and intimate relationship for over 20 years that was far more than mere friendship or even so-called "friendship with benefits". I accept Mr. Chambers' evidence that he would have liked to share a home with Ms. Connor after the separation from his wife, but was unable to do so because of Ms. Connor's hoarding illness. The evidence amply supports, and I find as a fact, that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved each other, were faithful to each other, communicated with each other almost every day when they were not together, considered themselves to be (and presented themselves to be) "husband and wife" and were accepted by all who knew them as a couple.

[64] Connor Estate may be distinguishable from this case because Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor were physically intimate for over 20 years, and presented themselves to the world as a married couple.

[65] Other decisions in which a marriage-like relationship has been found to exist despite the parties not living together have involved circumstances in which the couple lived under the same roof at previous points in the relationship, and the issue was whether they continued to be spouses after they took up separate residences: in Thompson v. Floyd, 2001 BCCA 78, the parties had lived together for a period of at least 11 years; in Roach v. Dutra, 2010 BCCA 264, the parties had lived together for approximately three years.

[66] However, as Mr. Justice Kent noted in Connor Estate:

[48] … [W]hile much guidance might be found in this case law, the simple fact is that no two cases are identical (and indeed they usually vary widely) and it is the assessment of evidence as a whole in this particular case which matters.

[67] Mr. Justice Kent concluded:

[53] Like human beings themselves, marriage-like relationships can come in many and various shapes. In this particular case, I have no doubt that such a relationship existed …

[68] As stated, Ms. Han’s claim is novel. It may even be weak. Almost all of the traditional factors are missing. The fact that Ms. Han and Mr. Dorje never lived under the same roof, never shared a bed and never even spent time together in person will militate against a finding they lived with one another in a marriage-like relationship. However, the traditional factors are not a mandatory check-list that confines the “elastic” concept of a marriage-like relationship. And if the COVID pandemic has taught us nothing else, it is that real relationships can form, blossom and end in virtual worlds.

[69] In my view, the merits of Ms. Han’s claim should be decided on the evidence. Subject to an overriding prejudice to Mr. Dorje, she should have leave to amend the notice of family claim. However, she should also provide meaningful particulars of the alleged marriage-like relationship.

F. Delay / Prejudice
[70] Ms. Han filed her notice of family claim on July 17, 2019. She brought this application to amend approximately one year and nine months after she filed the pleading, just over two months before the original trial date.

[71] Ms. Han’s delay was made all that more remarkable by her change in position from January 19, 2021, when she confirmed, through counsel, that she was not seeking spousal support in this case.

[72] Ms. Han gave notice of her intention to proceed with this application to Mr. Dorje on March 16, 2021. By the time the application was heard, the parties had conducted examinations for discovery without covering the issues that would arise from a claim of spousal support.

[73] Also, in April, Ms. Han produced additional documents, primarily text messages, that may be relevant to her claim of spousal support, but were undecipherable to counsel for Mr. Dorje, who does not read Mandarin.

[74] This application proceeded largely on documents selected and translated by counsel for Ms. Han. I was informed that Mandarin translations of the full materials would take 150 days.

[75] Understandably in the circumstances, Mr. Dorje argued that an amendment two months before trial would be neither just nor convenient. He argued that he would be prejudiced by an adjournment so as to allow Ms. Han to advance a late claim of spousal support.

[76] The circumstances changed on May 6, 2021, when Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to July 2022 and reset it for 25 days. Madam Justice Walkem noted that most of the witnesses live internationally and require translators. She also noted that paternity may be in issue, and Mr. Dorje may amend his pleadings to raise that issue. It seems clear that, altogether apart from the potential spousal support claim, the parties were not ready to proceed to trial on June 7, 2021.

[77] In my view, any remaining prejudice to Mr. Dorje is outweighed by the importance of having all of the issues between the parties decided on their merits.

[78] Ms. Han’s delay and changes of position on spousal support may be a matter to de addressed in a future order of costs; but they are not grounds on which to deny her leave to amend the notice of family claim.

CONCLUSION
[79] Ms. Han is granted leave to amend her notice of family claim in the form attached as Appendix A to the notice of application to include a claim for spousal support.

[80] Within 21 days, or such other deadline as the parties may agree, Ms. Han must provide particulars of the marriage-like relationship alleged in the amended notice of family claim.

[81] Ms. Han is entitled to costs of this application in the cause of the spousal support claim.

“Master Elwood”

[tạm ngưng duyệt info các shop để chống dịch cho đến khi shipper giao bth 3 miền] 4.9.

[English below] [Vẫn vậy, all free, nhưng dì sẽ có thêm những hạn mục mới cho phù hợp thời cuộc và đối tượng hỗ trợ là newbie mới tập kinh doanh thương mại điện tử]

Năm qua là năm biến động nhưng trong chúng ta đã có ít nhiều bài học làm vốn vào đời :))) , dì đã chứng kiến nhiều buồn vui của các cháu gửi về. Có những nỗi buồn khó nói về chuyện thất nghiệp dài hạn, rã team start-up vì miss Rona… và cũng có những câu chuyện tìm thấy hướng phát triển mới trên thương mại điện tử, nhờ mọi người ở nhà và mua hàng nhiều hơn nhờ những chính sách bình thường mới, “work from home” “study at home”. Vui hơn nữa là dì chứng kiến những chủ doanh nghiệp trước đây nhất quyết chỉ bán hàng tại store nay lại tập tành bán trên sàn thương mại điện tử, dần dà 1 đơn, 10 đơn rồi hàng trăm đơn, riết ghiền, dẹp store mặt tiền vào hẻm lên lầu mở store bán phụ, chuyển qua bán online là chính luôn.

Vì vậy, trong năm 2021, dì sẽ dùng cộng đồng của mình để chia sẻ đến những thương gia, những chủ doanh nghiệp đăng tải thông tin miễn phí, giới thiệu câu chuyên thương hiệu và mặt hàng đang bán,
qua đó có thể dựa vào đó làm bệ phóng đầu sự nghiệp nhắm tiếp cận người tiêu dùng, đỡ phần nào nỗi lo chi phí chạy truyền thông, trong khi sản phẩm mình bán okla

quý doanh nghiệp nhỏ lẻ, những thương gia trẻ có thể tham gia bằng cách hoàn thành form ứng cử sau:

🥰 Dành cho seller xốpi mới biết đến vụ này
(hoặc mới biết dì) ko yêu cầu chi phí nào, chỉ cần điền form
mảng fashion https://forms.gle/S34cx2SYvD8zyWmy7
mảng Bách hóa/ mẹ bé https://forms.gle/LK9qSVzdBj1ivZh79
mảng SKINCARE/BODYCARE/MAKEUP/ BEAUTY/ HEALTHCARE https://forms.gle/RFPx3XNfd5CY3iZK8
mảng Điện tử/ gia dụng phụ kiện phone https://forms.gle/bS9jeNt95RypVzdg8
mảng văn phòng phẩm, nhà cửa đời sống thú cưng
https://forms.gle/y8w48AE7gHwv5nDZA
🥰Dành cho những shop đã lên sóng nhưng muốn tính chuyện lâu dài cùng dì: https://forms.gle/yru4y4zybTuCXxWo6
🥰Dành cho seller xốp pi đã từng được lên sóng và muốn tiếp tục thông báo chương trình sale nhanh, khỏi viết nhiều.
mảng bách hóa, nhà cửa đời sống, văn phòng phẩm https://forms.gle/e31edEjRYmXPutBe9
mảng fashion nam nữ https://forms.gle/8qpaDqghdWo4sCFKA
mảng skincare bodycare https://forms.gle/b6kc1B1yngei1yuR7

* tham khảo đợt rồi 4.4 mấy seller dì duyệt cũng cho cho exclusive sale chấn động nè https://www.facebook.com/badinulo/photos/2847393805575631

------- Dành cho các cháu- độc giả của dì -----------
Có thể yêu cầu review sản phẩm, các shop trên shopee, hoặc mở thảo luận, tại đây: https://forms.gle/HwDoboPpbcXvCnaC9
Review sách đã đọc đến với mọi người: https://forms.gle/cyAQgwHi3z4joJUJ6

>>>> Dành cho các start-up, doanh nghiệp, agency <<<

For startup, Enterprises, Agencies https://www.facebook.com/badinulo/posts/2296898197291864

Full post English below (July. 2019)
GIVE BACK + HOẠT ĐỘNG TƯƠNG LAI CỦA BÀ DÌ NULO
GIVE BACK and future operation of the page (very long post, but your time is highly appreciated)
P/s: Đây là một bài viết rất dài nhưng mong các cháu có thể bỏ ra chút thời gian để nghe lời tâm sự mỏng của dì nhé.
Vào ngày 30/5, dì có thông báo cắt quảng cáo. Quyết định đấy được kha khá các cháu ủng hộ nhưng cũng có vài cháu đặt câu hỏi tại sao dì lại đưa ra quyết định đấy, thì trong post này dì sẽ giải thích cho các cháu một phần lí do dẫn tới lựa chọn của dì.
Tuy dì không phụ thuộc quá nhiều nhưng dì không thể phủ nhận nguồn tiền quảng cáo thu được từ page Dì không phải là một nguồn thu nhỏ, và việc một fanpage khi có một số lượng theo dõi nhất định thì việc bán quảng cáo là một điều rất phổ biến. Hơn nữa, nhằm thu hút các doanh nghiệp quảng cáo tới với mình thì ta phải có những content có lượt tương tác cao để họ đổ đến mình nhiều hơn. Dẫn tới việc trong một thời gian dài dì chạy đua theo điều đấy.
Đến tầm tháng 9/2018, dì bỗng cảm thấy chán page của mình. Khi trong thời gian đó tất cả những gì dì làm là đăng vài post vui vui vô thưởng vô phạt, may mắn thì đột nhiên post đấy được nhiều tương tác cao, rồi bỗng một ai đó liên hệ quảng cáo xong chỉ chỉnh sửa một vài câu rồi đăng lên và nhận tiền. Dì tự hỏi bản thân, thế đây là những gì mình sẽ làm mãi mãi sao? Rồi 5 năm nữa, page này sẽ như thế nào? Sau khi câu hỏi 5 năm hiện lên trong đầu dì, dì mới giật mình nhận ra rằng mình hoàn toàn không biết sẽ làm gì tiếp với page trong 2 năm tới huống chi là 5 năm. Dì đã từng chứng kiến số phận của một số page lớn vụt lên nhanh trong thời gian ngắn và sau đó lụi tàn thành những page cứ tiếng là đăng link một bài báo. “Thế Nhung ơi, mày có muốn page của mày cũng thành như thế không?” Câu trả lời tất nhiên là không. Và thế là trong thời gian đó, dì chỉ có một lựa chọn duy nhất là khi nào mình thật sự chán chịu không nổi nữa thì mình sẽ dừng hoạt động hoàn toàn. Hoặc, dì nghĩ ra thêm một mảng mới gì đó để làm và tìm hiểu.
Đó là lúc dì nghĩ tới về mảng nhân sự việc làm khi nhận thấy chưa có nhiều group kiếm việc làm cho mọi người mà hoạt động theo kiểu dì muốn. Nhưng lúc đó dì vẫn chưa làm ngay, có điều gì đấy cứ giữ chân dì lại khiến dì chẳng muốn triển khai cái gì cả. Và rồi dì tiếp tục những hoạt động thường ngày trên page và sự chán nản của dì ngày càng cao lên.
Tháng 10/2018, page dì bị hack. Đó là một cú tát vào mặt dì. Thành thật với các cháu, đấy chính là cú tát cảnh tỉnh mà dì cần bấy lâu nay.
Vì sao ư? Vì lúc đấy dì mới nhận ra fanpage facebook nó mong manh tới như thế nào. Mặc kệ cho page của dì có bao nhiêu like, hoạt động bao lâu, chỉ cần nó mất một cái, và cũng chỉ cần một thời gian thôi, mọi người sẽ quên hẳn cái page này và dì tồn tại. Dì không muốn tất cả những gì mọi người chỉ nhớ là “Page Bà Dì cuối cùng cũng chỉ suốt ngày quảng cáo.” Không, dì muốn sau này lỡ page có bị gì thì ít nhất dì đã làm được những điều có ích nào đó, dù chỉ một chút thôi cũng được.
Có lẽ dì cũng được ông trời thương và cũng nhờ một người bạn tốt mà dì lấy lại được page. Dì nghỉ ngơi một thời gian để thật sự định hướng lại về cách hoạt động cũng như số phận của page. Dì sẽ thẳng thắn luôn, đúng là khi mở lại page dì vẫn nhận quảng cáo nhưng đó là để tích góp lại thêm một chút lông cánh để cho page chuẩn bị kĩ càng cho tương lai sau này. Cũng trong thời gian đấy dì bắt đầu triển khai group việc làm của dì, vì dì không muốn lãng phí bất kì thời gian nào nữa.
(link group việc làm của dì: https://www.facebook.com/groups/UnemploymentTherapy/
Linkedin của dì: https://www.linkedin.com/.../b%C3%A0-d%C3%AC-nulo-nhung.../)
Vào ngày 30/5/2019, dì quyết định thông báo cắt quảng cáo. Sau một thời gian, dì nghĩ đó là quyết định đúng đắn nhất trước giờ của mình. Dì cảm giác như vừa bỏ khỏi vai mình một tảng đá nặng vậy, khi dì không còn phải quan tâm tới sự hài lòng của các bên quảng cáo và lo lắng về phản ứng của member trong page. Không phải canh cánh nghĩ content, schedule bài, rồi phải lo canh xem có cmt nào làm đối tác pùn, v.v… Và nhất là, không còn cảm giác mình đang lợi dụng lòng tin của member khi giới thiệu sản phẩm cũng như có thêm thời gian cho cuộc sống cá nhân của mình. Dù trước đó dì từng từ chối một vài bên vì nội dung của họ không hợp với page, nhưng hiện giờ dì được thoải mái hơn về việc chọn những bên mình thật sự muốn hợp tác mà không bị nhiều trách nhiệm đè giữa hai bên. Dì cảm thấy được tự do và cảm giác page chính là của mình chứ không còn phải phụ thuộc vào ai nữa.

GIVE BACK LÀ GÌ?
Để page đạt được ngày hôm nay cũng nhờ phần lớn do chính các cháu và các member của page. Tuy đây không phải là page có lượng like lớn nhất, nhưng nó vẫn có một phần phủ sóng khá rộng với nhiều người. Nếu các cháu để ý, trong thời gian gần đây có một số post dì hỏi thăm về các startup ở Việt Nam cũng như làm khá nhiều về topic công việc. Ngạc nhiên thay, có rất nhiều cháu trong page đã hoặc đang startup hoặc đang kinh doanh, làm việc ở mảng nào đó. Page của dì bắt đầu hoạt động vào năm 2017, tính đến nay cũng hẳn có nhiều cháu đang bắt đầu hành trang vào đời. Có từng là học sinh cấp 3 thì giờ cũng đã vào đại học, có từng là sinh viên đại học thì giờ cũng đã đi làm ở công ty nào đó. Dì còn đang giữ một cái inbox của một bạn hồi còn hỏi dì thích idol nào cho tới lúc hỏi dì có muốn hợp tác công việc không nữa đấy.
Thế nên để cùng các cháu bước tiếp qua trang mới của đời, dì bỏ việc bán quảng cáo mà thay vào đó là Hỗ Trợ Truyền Thông.
“Hỗ trợ truyền thông” hiểu đơn giản là nếu có ai liên hệ với dì với mong muốn sản phẩm của mình được nhiều người biết đến hơn, dì sẽ yêu cầu họ gửi các tài liệu, thông tin liên quan đến sản phẩm đó. Nếu dì nhận thấy sản phẩm đó thực sự tốt và có chất lượng (và đáp ứng các điều kiện riêng khác), dì sẽ hỗ trợ truyền thông cho sản phẩm đó. Dì sẽ không nhận tiền, nhưng có thể sẽ yêu cầu một số benefit, tùy vào điều kiện và khả năng của đôi bên vì dì sẽ dùng uy tín của mình để đảm bảo chất lượng của sản phẩm đấy. Công việc này sẽ mang tính chất lâu dài. Nghe qua thì có vẻ không nhẹ nhàng với đôi bên lắm nhưng đây là điều dì muốn làm để hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp, đặc biệt là các startup, để phổ biến những sản phẩm chất lượng của mọi người đến với cộng đồng. Ở đây dì sẽ gọi những bạn đang có kinh doanh riêng là “quý doanh nghiệp” nhé.
Tạm thời có hai cách để dì hỗ trợ truyền thông:
1. Đối với các mặt hàng tiêu dùng nhanh (như ăn uống, quần áo, phim ảnh,…) muốn được dì hỗ trợ truyền thông, doanh nghiệp có thể để dì dùng thử sản phẩm của mình. Sau đó, dì sẽ viết review chân thật và không chỉnh sửa theo ý của doanh nghiệp (trừ khi là fact). Tất nhiên, trước khi đăng bài, dì sẽ hỏi lại doanh nghiệp có muốn đăng review này không, nếu quý doanh nghiệp không muốn đăng thì dì sẽ không đăng.
Tuy nhiên dù review hoặc phần cmt phản hồi có phê bình nhiều hơn là khen thì mong quý doanh nghiệp đừng để điều đấy làm chùn bước, hãy chọn những ý có mang tính đóng góp để cải thiện sản phẩm của mình. Thậm chí dù sau khi đã hỗ trợ truyền thông một lần, thi thoảng dì sẽ inbox hỏi để kiểm tra tình hình đấy.
Vì dì chủ yếu ở TP HCM nên ưu tiên các doanh nghiệp ở đây trước nhé.
2. Đối với các startup, để được dì hỗ trợ truyền thông thì quý doanh nghiệp gửi email cho dì bao gồm: kế hoạch truyền thông, giới thiệu về doanh nghiệp, định hướng và nhiệm vụ của doanh nghiệp. Có thể dì sẽ yêu cầu thêm các thông tin khác để làm rõ hơn, và trao đổi với nhau để cùng nghĩ ra cách truyền thông tốt nhất.
Dì sẽ không yêu cầu bất kỳ một khoản tiền nào.
Lí do dì đưa ra quyết định đấy là để cho tất cả các doanh nghiệp dù lớn hay nhỏ đều được công bằng và có cơ hội như nhau. Tất cả sẽ dựa vào chất lượng và độ yêu thích của dì. Không còn chuyện dì phải từ chối bên này chỉ vì họ không có khả năng tài chính như bên khác. Không còn cảm giác áp lực vì tiền bạc. Nếu sản phẩm đấy xứng đáng để được biết tới rộng hơn thì dì sẽ hỗ trợ cho sản phẩm đấy.
Và cái yêu cầu lớn nhất mà dì muốn, là dì mong những doanh nghiệp lớn hay bé nếu đã tin tưởng và lựa chọn dì hỗ trợ truyền thông rồi thì sẽ làm tốt hết sức có thể của mình.
Đây là bước đi thứ 2 trong hoạt động mới của dì, group việc làm là bước đầu tiên.
Thế thì, nếu có cháu nào tự hỏi làm sao để ủng hộ cho dì, thì các cháu có thể làm những điều sau:
- Ủng hộ những sản phẩm trong tương lai tới của dì vì dì có nhiều dự án trong tương lai lắm.
- Ủng hộ những business nhất là của chính các cháu của dì mà sau này được hỗ trợ trên page.
- Ủng hộ những sản phẩm hoặc page/group hiện tại của dì.
Cái page này và các cháu đã hỗ trợ dì rất nhiều trong thời gian gần qua. Bây giờ thì page này không còn nuôi dì nữa, mà dì sẽ nuôi lại nó và tri ân lại cho mọi người.
Thật ra bây giờ có hỏi dì 5 năm tới dì sẽ làm gì với page thì dì vẫn chưa biết đâu. Nhưng dì biết sẽ làm gì trong 3 năm tới, và tạm thời thế là ổn.
__________
Email của dì là: badinulo@gmail.com, (xin miễn phản hồi booking agency xợ lắm xợ lắm)
tiêu đề email nhớ có tên công ty để dì tìm cho dễ nhé.
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ENGLISH VERSION
On May 30, I announced a cut of advertisement placement on the page. That decision was well supported by some of you but there were some who questioned why I made that decision, so in this post I will explain to you part of the reason for my choice.
Although I did not depend too much, I can not deny that the advertising money collected from this page was not a small source of revenue, and as common sense, “the page when there is a certain number of followers, the placement of advertising is a very common thing. Moreover, in order to attract advertising businesses to the page, we must have high-interactive content for them to pour more to us”. This put me on a race for a long time.
By September 2018, I suddenly got bored with my page. During that time, all I did was post some funny and innocuous posts, luckily suddenly the post got a lot of interaction, then immediately someone contacted me to place the ad and just edited a few caption, then post and receive money. I ask myself, is this what I will do forever? Then 5 years from now, what will this page look like? After the 5-year question popped up in my head, I was startled, to realize that I had absolutely no idea what to do with the page in the next 2 years, let alone 5 years. I have witnessed the fate of a number of large pages quickly flashed up in a short time and then faded into pages that were known to post links to an article. "So Nhung, do you want your page to become the same?" The answer is of course not. And so, during that time, my only choice was when I was really frustrated and I would stop working altogether. Or, I think of something new to do and find out.
It was at that time that I thought about the human resources field when I realized that there were not many groups looking for jobs for people that operated the way I wanted. But at that time, I still didn't do it right away. And then I continued my daily activities on the page and my tiredness got worse.
In October 2018, this page was hacked. It was a slap in the face to me.To be honest with you, it was a wake-up slap that I needed all this time.
Why is that? Because at that time, I realized how fragile Facebook fanpage is. No matter how many likes I have on my page, how long it works, if it takes only one, and it only takes a while, people will forget this page and my identity exists. I don't want all that people can remember is, "Nulo Auntie” page finally ends up advertising the whole day.
No, I want to see if anything bad happened with the page in the future. I can at least do some useful things, even if it just a little.
Perhaps I was lucky enough, and also thanks to a dearest friend that she got the page back. I rested for a while to really reorient the way it works and the fate of the page. I will be totally honest, it's true that when I reopened the page, I still received the ad, but it was to accumulate a little more feathers to make the page carefully prepared for the future. At the same time, I started deploying my employment group, because I didn't want to waste any more time.
(The group names Unemployment therapy:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/UnemploymentTherapy/
Group for sharing shopping deals, offers, events and mini reviews
https://www.facebook.com/groups/NhungLorenMagazine/
And you can also check my linkedin:
https://www.linkedin.com/.../b%C3%A0-d%C3%AC-nulo-nhung.../
On May 30, 2019, I decided to announce the cut of advertisement. After a while, I think that was the best decision I ever made. I feel like I have just dropped a heavy stone from my shoulder, when I no longer have to care about the satisfaction of the advertisers and the reaction of the member in the page. Not having to think about content, schedule posts, then have to worry about any cmt partner, etc. time for your personal life. Although I had previously refused a few parties because their content did not fit the page, I am now more comfortable choosing the ones I really want to work with without much responsibility between the two parties. I feel free and feel that the page is my own, no longer dependent on anyone else. A win-win situation is from now on, set up.
WHAT IS GIVE BACK?
The page stands today is also largely thanks to support of viewers, and fans.. Although this is not the page with the largest number of likes, it still has a fairly wide coverage for many people. If you notice, in recent times there have been a number of posts I asked about startups in Vietnam as well as a lot of work topics. Surprisingly, there are a lot of viewers and fans on the page who are either starting a business or doing business in a certain area. My page started operating in 2017, so far there must be many viewers who are starting to step onto working life. I know there was a high school student took first steps in uni life, and now has been working for a company( I was still keeping an inbox of a viewer asked me about my fav idols, till she dropped me a professional message for work collaborating enquiry :)).
So in order to continue with viewers through the new page of their lives, I left placing advertisement and replaced it with new activity “Media Support”.
"Media support" simply means that if someone contacted me with the desire to make their products more popular, I will ask them to send documents and information related to that product. If I finds that the product is really good and has good quality (and meets other specific conditions), she will support the product's marketing aspect.
I will not accept money, but may require some benefits, depending on the conditions and capabilities of both parties because I will use my reputation to ensure the quality of the product. This work will be of a long-term nature. It may not sound like a lot, but this is what I want to do to support businesses, especially startups, to spread the quality products of people to the community. From here I will call those of you who have your own business “BO- Business Owner”.
There are temporarily two ways for me to provide media support to BO:
1. For fast-moving consumer entertaining goods (such as food, clothing, cosmetics, movies, etc.) who wants the media support, BO can let me try their products. After that, I will write a honest review and do not make any corrections at the discretion of the business (unless it is a fact). Of course, before posting, I will ask if the BO wants to post this review, if you do not want to post, I will not post.
However, whether my review or the comment section has more criticism than praise, please, BO, do not let that falter, choose ideas that contribute to improve your products. Even though after I have finished media support, sometimes I will inbox to check on your situation.
2. For startups, to get me for media support, you should mail me, including: media plan, introduction about the business, orientation and mission of the business. Maybe I will ask for more information to clarify, and we will discuss with each other to think of the best way to communicate to viewers.
I do not require money.
The reason why I made that decision was for all businesses, big or small, would be fair and equal. It all depends on the quality and my preference. There is no longer, a reason I have to cancel this one because others are stronger in financial power. No more feeling the pressure of money. If the product deserves to be known more widely, I will support it.
And the biggest requirement that I want, is that I hope big or small businesses, if I have trusted and selected the media support aunt, will do your best.
This is the second step in my new activity, the job group is the first step.
Then, if any of you wonder how to support me, you can do the following:
- Support my future products because I have many future projects.
- Support for the business especially of viewer’s business which will later be supported on the page.
- Support my current products or page / group.
This page and viewers have supported me a lot recently. Now the page is no longer raising me, I will raise it and share it to everyone.
Actually, if I am asked what I will do in the next 5 years, she still doesn't know. But I know what to do in the next 3 years, and that's okay for the time being.
__________
My email is: badinulo@gmail.com, the subject of the email is the company name so I can easily find it.
Nhung Loren (pronounced Ñung Loren)

- Luyện đọc và tìm kiếm từ mới nào cả nhà!
Đề Cambridge IELTS 14 Test 2 - passage 2:
BACK TO THE FUTURE OF SKYSCRAPER DESIGN

Answers to the problem of excessive electricity use by skyscrapers and large public buildings can be found in ingenious but forgotten architectural designs of the 19th and early-20th centuries

A. The Recovery of Natural Environments in Architecture by Professor Alan Short is the culmination of 30 years of research and award-winning green building design by Short and colleagues in Architecture, Engineering, Applied Maths and Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge.
'The crisis in building design is already here,' said Short. 'Policy makers think you can solve energy and building problems with gadgets. You can't. As global temperatures continue to rise, we are going to continue to squander more and more energy on keeping our buildings mechanically cool until we have run out of capacity.'

B. Short is calling for a sweeping reinvention of how skyscrapers and major public buildings are designed - to end the reliance on sealed buildings which exist solely via the 'life support' system of vast air conditioning units.
Instead, he shows it is entirely possible to accommodate natural ventilation and cooling in large buildings by looking into the past, before the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems, which were 'relentlessly and aggressively marketed' by their inventors.

C. Short points out that to make most contemporary buildings habitable, they have to be sealed and air conditioned. The energy use and carbon emissions this generates is spectacular and largely unnecessary. Buildings in the West account for 40-50% of electricity usage, generating substantial carbon emissions, and the rest of the world is catching up at a frightening rate. Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status, rather than practical ways of meeting our requirements.

D. Short's book highlights a developing and sophisticated art and science of ventilating buildings through the 19th and earlier-20th centuries, including the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings, including the first Johns Hopkins Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889).
'We spent three years digitally modelling Billings' final designs,' says Short. 'We put pathogens• in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.

E. 'We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour-that's similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre. We believe you could build wards based on these principles now.
Single rooms are not appropriate for all patients. Communal wards appropriate for certain patients - older people with dementia, for example - would work just as well in today's hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.'
Professor Short contends the mindset and skill-sets behind these designs have been completely lost, lamenting the disappearance of expertly designed theatres, opera houses, and other buildings where up to half the volume of the building was given over to ensuring everyone got fresh air.

F. Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas - toxic air that spread disease. Miasmas were feared as the principal agents of disease and epidemics for centuries, and were used to explain the spread of infection from the Middle Ages right through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during the 1850s. Foul air, rather than germs, was believed to be the main driver of 'hospital fever', leading to disease and frequent death. The prosperous steered clear of hospitals.
While miasma theory has been long since disproved, Short has for the last 30 years advocated a return to some of the building design principles produced in its wake.

G. Today, huge amounts of a building's space and construction cost are given over to air conditioning. 'But I have designed and built a series of buildings over the past three decades which have tried to reinvent some of these ideas and then measure what happens. 'To go forward into our new low-energy, low-carbon future, we would be well advised to look back at design before our high-energy, high-carbon present appeared. What is surprising is what a rich legacy we have abandoned.'

H. Successful examples of Short's approach include the Queen's Building at De Montfort University in Leicester. Containing as many as 2,000 staff and students, the entire building is naturally ventilated, passively cooled and naturally lit, including the two largest auditoria, each seating more than 150 people. The award-winning building uses a fraction of the electricity of comparable buildings in the UK.
Short contends that glass skyscrapers in London and around the world will become a liability over the next 20 or 30 years if climate modelling predictions and energy price rises come to pass as expected.

I. He is convinced that sufficiently cooled skyscrapers using the natural environment can be produced in almost any climate. He and his team have worked on hybrid buildings in the harsh climates of Beijing and Chicago - built with natural ventilation assisted by back-up air conditioning - which, surprisingly perhaps, can be switched off more than half the time on milder days and during the spring and autumn.
“My book is a recipe book which looks at the past, how we got to where we are now, and how we might reimagine the cities, offices and homes of the future. There are compelling reasons to do this. The Department of Health says new hospitals should be naturally ventilated, but they are not. Maybe it’s time we changed our outlook.”

TỪ VỰNG CHÚ Ý:

Excessive (adj)/ɪkˈsesɪv/: quá mức
Skyscraper (n)/ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)/: nhà trọc trời
Ingenious (adj)/ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/: khéo léo
Culmination (n) /ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn/: điểm cao nhất
Crisis (n)/ˈkraɪsɪs/: khủng hoảng
Gadget (n)/ˈɡædʒɪt/: công cụ
Squander (v)/ˈskwɒndə(r)/: lãng phí
Reliance (n)/rɪˈlaɪəns/: sự tín nhiệm
Vast (adj)/vɑːst/: rộng lớn
Accommodate (v)/əˈkɒmədeɪt/: cung cấp
Ventilation (n)/ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/: sự thông gió
Habitable (adj)/ˈhæbɪtəbl/: có thể ở được
Spectacular (adj)/spekˈtækjələ(r)/: ngoạn mục, đẹp mắt
Account for /əˈkaʊnt//fə(r)/ : chiếm
Substantial (adj)/səbˈstænʃl/: đáng kể
Frightening (adj)/ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/: kinh khủng
Sophisticated (adj)/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/: phức tạp
Pathogen (n)/ˈpæθədʒən/: mầm bệnh
Tuberculosis (n)/tjuːˌbɜːkjuˈləʊsɪs/: bệnh lao
Communal (adj)/kəˈmjuːnl/: công cộng
Dementia (n)/dɪˈmenʃə/: chứng mất trí
Fraction (n)/ˈfrækʃn/: phần nhỏ
Lament (v)/ləˈment/: xót xa
Panicked (adj): hoảng loạn
Lethal (adj)/ˈliːθl/: gây chết người
Threat (n)/θret/: mối nguy
Miasmas (n)/miˈæzmə/: khí độc
Infection (n) /ɪnˈfekt/: sự nhiễm trùng
Cholera (n)/ˈkɒl.ər.ə/: dịch tả
Outbreak (n)/ˈaʊt.breɪk/: sự bùng nổ
Disprove (v)/dɪˈspruːv/: bác bỏ
Advocate (v)/ˈæd.və.keɪt/: ủng hộ
Auditoria (n)/ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːriə/ : thính phòng
Comparable (adj)/ˈkɒm.pər.ə.bəl/: có thể so sánh được
Contend (v) /kənˈtend/: cho rằng
Liability (n)/ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/: nghĩa vụ pháp lý
Convince (v) /kənˈvɪns/: Thuyết phục
Assist (v) /əˈsɪst/: để giúp đỡ

Các bạn cùng tham khảo nhé!

◆この文房具について◆
［コレクションNo.0506］
どうも、おもしろ雑貨コレクターの伊勢海老太郎です。今回は文房具の紹介です。最近はキッチン雑貨ばかり紹介していましたので、文房具もたまには良いかな〜と思いこの動画を作りました。まだまだたくさんの文房具コレクションがあるので、「おもしろ文房具コレクション」ということで、シリーズ化しようと思っています。（１０）くらいまで作りたいですが、あまり需要が無いようでしたら続編はやめておきます。評価ボタンで教えてください。文房具はつまらない！という方は遠慮せず低評価ボタンを押してください。参考にさせて頂きます。過去に紹介した懐かしの文具（筆記用具）も再登場させました。鉛筆、鉛筆削り、消しゴム、マスキングテープ、ノート、ボールペン、ペーパークリップ、メモ帳、筆箱、伝言メモ、付箋紙、蛍光マーカー、暗記用チェックシート、マジックインキ、原稿用紙（タオル）、工作用紙（タオル）、のり、などなど。たくさんありますので各文房具の詳細は関連リンクにてご確認ください。



◆関連リンク◆
［ピノキオ鉛筆削り］
https://youtu.be/qjiV-AKSw2I
［ピノキオ鉛筆消しゴムセット］
https://a.r10.to/hyDdeP
［虹のマスキングテープ］
https://amzn.to/2XnCVuk
［虹のレインボーペンシル / Rainbow Pencils］
https://youtu.be/3bfejJfnvn4
［剣の消しゴム / pensword Peleg Design］
https://a.r10.to/hbYANm
［ボールになるノート / Fred PLAY MORE］
https://youtu.be/hyCz7SByy2w
［サッカーの消しゴム / penball Peleg Design］
https://a.r10.to/hz69aD
［ゴルフボールペンセット / GOLF SETS］
https://a.r10.to/hyW7Zc
［ゴルフボールボールペン］
購入店舗売り切れ
［ゴルフ鉛筆消しゴムメモ帳セット］
https://a.r10.to/hIqeyx
［ゴルフボール消しゴム］
https://a.r10.to/hfMv6I
［魚釣りの鉛筆ペーパークリップメモ帳セットDesktop fishing］
https://a.r10.to/hI0MxQ
［魚の缶詰ペーパークリップ / SARDINE PAPER CLIPS］
https://youtu.be/N95YorOqh7c
［鮭のペンケース］
https://zozo.jp/shop/iedit/goods/24954001/
［猫の手の筆箱 / Cats hand pen case］
https://youtu.be/5TORRHN99Qo
［猫のひたいふせんメモ］
https://youtu.be/r-fKTMIPnfI
［黒猫のボールペン / Cat LED Ballpoint Pen］
https://youtu.be/F4uoFJcUUIA
［ポッキーの鉛筆］
https://a.r10.to/hfw8m9
［ポテトチップスメモ / POTATO CHIPS MEMO］
https://youtu.be/IsgCIKSthtM
［タコスメモ］
https://a.r10.to/hbkPEu
［カフェラッテ鉛筆削り（ケズラッテ）］
https://youtu.be/p_hwp33-YBI
［キャラメルそっくり消しゴム / caramel eraser］
https://youtu.be/uLmz1yo_7Ho
［封印マスキングテープ］
https://youtu.be/LwF_CHgGYns
［かまぼこ付箋紙かみぼこ］
https://youtu.be/ESuy3zYH3qM
［割り箸ボールペン］
https://youtu.be/Qz9S6aNqfH4
［豆腐付箋紙 / Tofu sticky notes］
https://youtu.be/z3M7GWv7KC8
［トマトブロックメモ / Vegetable Block Memo Tomato］
https://youtu.be/yASek8SDRB0
［レタスメモ用紙東京書けるレタス］
https://amzn.to/2Qx35JK
［納豆ペーパークリップ金色納豆 / Natto paper clip］
https://youtu.be/4indWYmD2DA
［海苔の付箋紙のりつき付箋紙 / japanese seaweed postit］
https://youtu.be/mOoQBIcp4qY
［コチュジャンいろマーカー］
https://a.r10.to/hfSQ81
［わさびいろマーカー / Wasabi Color Highlighter］
https://youtu.be/49DjDkdN7xM
［しょうがいろマーカー / Ginger Color Highlighter］
https://youtu.be/49DjDkdN7xM
［ねり梅いろマーカー / Umeboshi Color Highlighter］
https://youtu.be/49DjDkdN7xM
［和からしいろマーカー］
https://a.r10.to/hlwdQC
［ブルーハワイいろマーカー］
https://amzn.to/2XqXxSx
［暗記用えごまシート］
https://a.r10.to/hbaXbK
［紅鮭（シャケ）］
https://a.r10.to/hyYGOx
［マジックインキふりかけ］
https://amzn.to/2Oi0MYc
［原稿用紙なタオル］
https://amzn.to/2qtp5uz
［工作用紙なタオル］
https://amzn.to/33YXm3x
［フエキタオル フエキくん］
どこで購入したか忘れました
［nepia(ネピア) ミニティッシュボックス］
ヴィレッジヴァンガードで購入
［フエキくんグルー（糊）］
LOFT（ロフト）で購入
［フキエどうぶつのり］
LOFT（ロフト）で購入
［フエキ練乳みるくプリン］
イトーヨーカドーで購入
［猿のスプーン］
Rainbow spectrumリアル店舗で購入



◆日記◆
久しぶりの更新となりました。千葉の台風と大雨の影響で仕事の締め切りが遅れそうにり、頑張っていたら目をまたやってしまいました。眼科医からも目を労わりながら仕事をするように言われ……雑貨コレクターとしてのネット活動をする余裕がなくなり……1ヶ月半くらい更新をストップさせてしまいました……。心配してメッセージをくださった皆様どうもありがとうございます。少しづつまた再開したいと思います。しかし目を労わると言いながら、いつもより1.5倍くらい長い動画になってしまいました（笑）。これでもかなりカットしたのですが……ついついたくさんの文房具を詰め込みたくなってしまいます。次はなるべく早く更新できるように頑張ります！iseebitarouチャンネルの動画が5つくらい未編集なので、そちらでの更新が続きそうです。



◆SNS◆
おもしろ雑貨コレクターの伊勢海老太郎が、コレクションの雑貨と文房具を紹介します。フォローお願いします。
［Twitter］
https://twitter.com/iseebitarou_com
［Instagram］
https://www.instagram.com/iseebitarou_com
［Facebook］
https://www.facebook.com/iseebitaroublog
［Blog］
https://www.iseebitarou.com
［Tumblr］
http://iseebitarou.tumblr.com
［楽天Room］
https://room.rakuten.co.jp/iseebitarou/items



◆Description◆
I’m back! I know it has been a while since last posting. An introduction to funny stationery collection. A unique and interesting stationery. Pinocchio's pencil sharpener was a big success. I also played golf and soccer with stationery. I also enjoyed fishing. I really like stationery that looks like Japanese food. I love natto paper clips, seaweed sticky notes, tofu sticky notes, lettuce notes, and disposable chopsticks ballpoint pens. I also like the salmon pencil case. Japanese style grilled salmon lunch set is very delicious. I also collect a lot of stationery. I will introduce more in the future.
Thank you, Google translation.

#'91年にコナミ開発三部が開発、コナミが発売した、アクションアドベンチャーであり、SFC版でのがんばれゴエモンシリーズ第1弾。
シリーズ生誕５周年記念作品として制作された。
ゲームシステムはこれまでのシリーズを踏襲しつつ、従来の見下ろし型マップステージの他に、横スクロールの2Dアクションステージが追加され、場面により見下ろし型視点と真横視点が切り替わる。このシステムは以降のシリーズにも受け継がれていく。

BGMはグラディウスIV(AC/'99年)等の上高さんと、パロディウスだ！(SFC/'92年)等の上原氏による共作で、シリーズを通しても純和風な時代劇の風情と旅情感はことさら色濃く出ている。

作曲：上高治巳氏、上原和彦氏

Manufacture: 1991.07.19(J),1992.02(U) konami / konami 3DP
Hardware: spc700
computer: super famicom / snes
composer: harumi uekou,kazuhiko uehara
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
00:00:00 01.konami logo (コナミロゴ)
00:00:03 02.Title Fanfare (ファンファーレ)
00:00:09 03 Title ～ Theme of Goemon (ゴエモン音頭 ～タイトル)
00:02:24 04.Back Into Adventure (つづきから始める)
00:02:48 05.start (スタート)
00:02:51 06.Introduction ～ No Close Ups! (天下のボヨヨンコンビ ～ オープニング)
00:04:14 07.The Adventure Begins... (穴のむじな ～ マップ)
00:04:21 08.Oedo ～ Goemon's Home (はぐれ町旅情 ～ 江戸(1st.)明るい)
00:05:53 09.Invasion of Evil Spirits (霧のお化け町 ～ 江戸(1st.)暗い)
00:07:07 10.Horo Temple (謎のぼろぼろ寺 ～ 江戸(1st.)アクション)
00:07:45 11.Hidden Treasure! (棒と茄子 ～ ボーナス)
00:08:16 12.Mystical Ghost's Spooky Fanfare (お化け登場前)
00:08:26 13.It's a Monster!! (お化け出現 ～ お化け)
00:08:56 14.Shapeshifting Ninja Cat (猫がおんねん ～ 江戸(1st.)クリアデモ)
00:09:49 15.A Game of Trivia (いらっしゃい ～ 迷路小屋店頭)
00:10:21 16.Lost in the Labyrinth (ここはどこ? ～ 迷路小屋)
00:11:10 17.Buy Something or Get Out! (萬屋飯之助 ～萬屋，食べ物屋)
00:11:45 18.A Game of Skill (偽りの履歴書 ～ アルバイト小屋)
00:12:12 19.Old-Fashioned Challenger (なぐってぽん ～ もぐらたたき)
00:13:19 20.Painting Panic! (術使いの奥義 ～ 壁塗り)
00:14:35 21.Balancing Act (うきうきしようね ～ 鬼退治)
00:15:17 22.A Beautiful Woman's Home (あのこの花園)
00:16:06 23.An Ordinary Person's Home (おじゃましまんねやわ ～ 町人)
00:16:51 24.A Strange Man's Home (平次の部屋 ～ 番屋)
00:17:26 25.In Your Future, I see... (ジプシーじいさん ～ 占い)
00:18:42 26.Good Night... (張った張った ～ばくち小屋)
00:19:42 27.Travel in Style (大江戸トラベル ～ 旅行代理店)
00:20:36 28.Travelling to a New Land (やったぜちょんまげ! ～ ステージクリア)
00:20:52 29.Shikoku Island (ゴエモン一人旅 ～ 四国(2st.))
00:21:53 30.Rest and Relaxation (ファッショナブルソープ ～おふろや，宿屋店頭)
00:22:25 31.Good Night... (お休み…BABY ～ 宿屋)
00:23:25 32.Dance! Dance! (踊れ! ひょっとこ軍団 ～ 盆踊り)
00:24:05 33.Leader of the Ninja Cats (いなせな救世主 ～ 四国(2st.)クリアデモ)
00:25:08 34.Awaji Island (涙橋・浮世橋 ～ 淡路(3st.))
00:25:50 35.The Happiest Place in Japan! (どっこいからくりアイランド ～ カラクリアイランド)
00:26:29 36.How About a Burger? (店員の野望 ～ 競馬場店頭)
00:27:36 37.Place Your Bets! (馬の誘惑 ～ 競馬場セレクト)
00:28:01 38.Aaaaand They're Off! (コナミ賞争奪 ～ 競馬場)
00:28:31 39.Your Horse Won! (とったとった ～ 競馬賭け・的中)
00:28:39 40.Your Horse Lost... (競馬賭け・ハズレ)
00:28:43 41.Enter the Card Game (神経衰弱 ～ 絵合わせ店頭)
00:29:34 42.A Game of Memory (あのことランデブー ～ 絵合わせ)
00:30:32 43.Goemon and Ebisumaru Live! (解きあかされた真実 ～ なぞなぞ)
00:31:13 44.Master of Trivia! (賞金プレゼント ～ 賞金プレゼント)
00:31:19 45.A Game of Simple Enjoyment (ゲーマーアイランド ～ ゲームセンター)
00:32:32 46.Gradius ～ Vic Viper's Theme (グラディウスより空中戦)
00:33:22 47.Gradius ～ Space Shooting (グラディウスより1st.)
00:34:10 48.Gradius ～ Boss Battle (グラディウスよりボス)
00:34:28 49.Arcade-Style Fun! (ピンポンポン ～ ピンポン)
00:35:02 50.The Wall is Gone! (免許皆伝 ～ ピンポンクリア)
00:35:05 51.Town of Yamato (黒豆頂戴! ～ 大和(4st.))
00:36:17 52.You Need More Training! (浮気な師範代 ～ 道場)
00:36:49 53.Quiet Steam Bath (いい湯だよ ～ お風呂屋)
00:37:35 54.Headquarters of the Otafu Army (黒豆くいねえ ～ 大和(4st.)アクション)
00:38:51 55.Spunky Female Ninja (いいぞ!やえちゃん ～ 大和(4st.)クリア)
00:39:59 56.Mountain Village Iga (伊賀のいがぐり坊主 ～ 伊賀(5st.))
00:41:05 57.Castle of Ninjas (伊賀のカバメロ ～ 伊賀(5st.)アクション)
00:42:29 58.Falling! (落下)
00:42:42 59.Wisdom of the Ages (老人のため息 ～ 伊賀(5st.)クリア)
00:43:41 60.Kyoto ～ Ancient Capital of Japan (おいでやす ～ 京都(6st.))
00:44:48 61.Exciting Theatre (にいいちゃんよっていかへんか ～ 見せ物小屋店頭)
00:45:24 62.Sexy Strip Show! (夜の蝶 ～ エッチショータイム)
00:46:19 63.Ebisumaru's "Alluring" Dance (エビちゃん笑タイム ～ 見せ物小屋エビスショー)
00:46:47 64.A Helpful Fellow's Home (おじゃまします ～ 情報屋さん)
00:47:24 65.Keep an Adventure Log? (笑ってボサノバ ～ 旅日記屋)
00:48:23 66.A Game of Luck (松・竹・梅 ～ 宝くじ屋店頭)
00:49:04 67.May You Have Good Luck (からくりジャンボ ～ 宝くじ屋)
00:50:10 68.A Game of Chance (とろ～ ～ とろい)
00:51:11 69.Game Over! (大往生 ～ ゲームオーバー)
00:51:14 70.Back Into Adventure (入力してね ～ パスワード)
00:51:38 71.Tengu Mountains (おばんでやす ～ 京都(6st.)アクション)
00:53:01 72.Surprise Attack! (思春期のボス ～ 中ボス)
00:53:23 73.Izumo ～ Dragon Pond (男の手ぬぐい ～ 出雲(7st.))
00:54:59 74.The Truth Reflected (出雲の白鏡 ～ 出雲(7st.)クリア))
00:55:46 75.Ryukyu Kingdom (メンソーレ ～ 琉球(8st.))
00:57:41 76.King Ryukyu's Secret (燃える義賊たち ～ 琉球(8st.)アクション)
00:59:46 77.Returning to a Surprise (つかのまの幸せ ～ 琉球(8st.)クリア)
01:00:14 78.Ohedojyo Castle Dungeon (お江戸でSWING ～ 最終面(9st.))
01:01:01 79.Road to the Flying Castle (でーやもんどへっど ～ 最終面(9st.))
01:02:49 80.Yuki Rescued ～ The End (これにて一件落着 ～ エンディングデモ)
01:03:46 81.All's Well That Ends Well (港町ブルース ～ エンディングテロップ)
01:06:53 82.Pause! (ポーズ)
01:06:54 83.Koban Speaks (小判の会話音)
01:06:55 84.Unused Track (未使用)
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For those who were there at McDonough Gymnasium on August 4, 1994, few will forget the arrival of a 6-0 freshman guard who needed no introduction. The rumors of Allen Iverson's arrival to the Kenner Summer League were true, and by game's end, Iverson had scored 40 points. By the Sunday afternoon final, before an overflow crowd inside the gym and a crowd of those outside who could not get in, Iverson finished a combined 99 point effort in three days against some of the best collegiate talent in the city. This, of course, from a player that had not played organized basketball in over a year.

The Allen Iverson years had begun.

A brief profile can't do justice to tell the story of one of the greatest pure athletes ever to attend Georgetown, a man without peer in his talent over two years at the collegiate level. Just a year before his Kenner debut, few would have imagined Allen Iverson ever playing college basketball.

Iverson was not only a 31 point a game guard for Bethel HS, but a football player of tremendous skill. As a quarterback and defensive back his sophomore season, he produced nearly 1,600 yards offense and 13 INT's. By his junior year, he accounted for 2,204 yards, 21 touchdowns by rush or interception, and 14 touchdown passes. In a region which has produced NFL quarterbacks such as Michael Vick and Aaron Brooks, there are those who will still say "Bubbachuck" Iverson was better than both of them. Schools such as Arkansas, Kentucky, Duke, and three dozen other top programs across two sports were vying for perhaps the greatest two-sport star the Tidewater had ever produced.

When he led Bethel to the state title, someone asked what it was like to win the title. "I'm going to get one in basketball now," which he did. In late February, 1993, en route to the state title he had promised, Iverson was one of a large group of Bethel teammates at a Hampton bowling alley when a fight broke out between students from rival schools trading racial insults. Three people were hurt in the aftermath. Despite conflicting testimony from eyewitnesses and no clear evidence linking him to the crime, Iverson was one of four black students arrested.

Racial tensions were heightened when the prosecutors passed on a misdemeanor assault charge and charged Iverson with three counts of felony "maiming by mob", which carried a 20 year prison sentence. Despite video evidence which did not place Iverson in the crowd at the time of the fight, he was convicted in a racially charged case.

The 20 year sentence was later reduced to five, and Iverson was granted clemency by Gov. Douglas Wilder three months later, sending Iverson to a detention program at an alternative high school. (The original charges were thrown out by the Virginia court of appeals in 1995.)

In the spring of 1994, with Iverson still in detention, his mother approached John Thompson with a plea to help her son get to college and start a new chapter of his life. Though Thompson had passed on a number of troubled players in the past, he offered Iverson a scholarship in April of that season, contingent upon his completion of high school and his legal release, which was granted 48 hours before his Kenner debut.

By his debut in a Georgetown uniform in November 1994, Iverson had been the subject of intense national media attention. In the Hoyas' annual exhibition with Fort Hood, Iverson scored 36 points, five assists, and three steals in 23 minutes. Local columnists were in awe.

"Hang his number up in the rafters," wrote Tom Knott of the Washington Times. "He's better than most of the point guards in the NBA right now."

"I saw Lew Alcindor, Austin Carr, Moses Malone, Alonzo Mourning, Albert King, Ralph Sampson and Patrick Ewing play in high school," said the Post's Thomas Boswell. "Now, I have two memories on my first impression top shelf. The man who became Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and Allen Iverson."

Iverson opened the 1994-95 season in Memphis, TN in a 97-79 loss to defending NCAA champion Arkansas, scoring 19 points. Six days later, he scored 31 in a nationally televised game with DePaul, followed by 30 four days later against Providence, leading the team in scoring 22 times that season. His only game under double figures for the season (and his career) was a game where he played only ten minutes in a loss at Villanova, a game Georgetown coach John Thompson threatened to forfeit when a group of Villanova students paraded through the Spectrum in black and white-striped prison garb, with a sign comparing Iverson to O.J. Simpson.

"You accept certain ribbing, but there is a line," Thompson said after the game. "I can condone any Christian university sitting and watching that happen...If that happens [again], I going to walk. It that simple." Such fan behavior was not seen thereafter.

Later in the season, with President Bill Clinton in attendance, Iverson scored 26 as the Hoyas routed Villanova, 77-52. He followed it up with 21 to beat Syracuse, 28 versus St. John's, 31 in a Big East tournament opener with Miami (a game that saw Iverson outscore the entire Hurricane team at the end of the first half), and 27 versus Connecticut in the semis. In the NCAA regional, he scored 24 in the loss, but held Jeff McInnis to 1 for 8 shooting. By season's end, Allen Iverson had been named Big East Player of the Week nine times, Rookie of the Year, a second team all-conference selection, and honorable mention All-America recipient. Having led the Hoyas in points and steals en route to the school's first NCAA regional appearance since 1989, Iverson was already a star. By 1996, he would become nothing less than a sensation.

The leaser of a talented team that featured four future NBA stars, Allen Iverson dominated the 1995-96 season as no Hoya has done before or since. Adept at the crossover dribble that became his NBA trademark, lightning quick to the basket, and able to score on opponents at will, Iverson was largely unstoppable. Even more impressive was an effort to improve his shooting touch, for despite averaging 20.4 points as a freshman in 1994-95 (2nd all time for a Georgetown rookie), Iverson only shot 39 percent from the field, 23 percent from three, and 19 percent from three in Big East play. For his sophomore season, his field shooting increased to 48 percent, his three point mark to 36 percent. The results were striking.

In the pre-season NIT versus Temple, Iverson shot 50 percent for 24 points and a career high 10 rebounds. After a 23 point effort against Georgia Tech, he scored a career high 40 against Arizona, one of two 40+ point games that season. In Big East play, Iverson could ring up points with ease, such as the game where he scored 21 points in only 20 minutes against Rutgers.

In the final three months of the season, Iverson led the team in 21 of the team's 25 games: 40 against Seton Hall, 39 against St. John's, 34 against Providence. He scored 30 in a wild win over Memphis, and followed it up two nights later with 26 in an upset of #3 Connecticut. For the game, Iverson totalled 26 points, 8 steals, and 6 assists, including a soaring dunk past Ray Allen and the Huskies. It was the highest ranked team any Georgetown team had defeated since 1988. His best performance of the season might have been a 37 point, 8 rebound, and three steal effort against #6 ranked Villanova, playing only 27 minutes. The 106-68 win represents the sixth largest margin of victory and the largest margin ever by a Georgetown team against a top 10 opponent.

Iverson was capable of an off game; unfortunately, two came at particularly inopportune times for the Hoyas' hopes for a national title. Entering the 1996 Big East Final with a #1 seed on the line, Iverson shot 4 for 15 and the Hoyas lost by one, 76-75. As a result of the loss, Georgetown was seeded #2 behind top ranked UMass, and in the regional final between the two teams Iverson struggled with a 6 for 21 effort in the loss. For the season, though, his statistics were astonishing: his 926 points broke the then-record by 124 points. He set new single season marks in field goals, field goal attempts, three pointers, three point attempts, steals, minutes, and scoring average (25.0), the latter of which ranked 7th in the nation that season. The Big East's defensive player of the year, he was named a consensus All-American amidst numerous other awards.

If he could somehow have stayed four years, Iverson undoubtedly would have shredded the Georgetown record books. But whatever hopes existed for Iverson to resist the lure of the NBA were short lived, particularly with the news that one of his sisters had fallen ill. Seeing the opportunity to take care of his family's medical needs, Iverson announced for the NBA draft soon after the end of his sophomore season, becoming the first Georgetown player in the Thompson era to do so. The compact that had bound so many great Hoya players to a four year commitment--from Ewing to Williams, Mourning to Mutombo--had now been broken.

The first pick in the 1996 NBA draft, Iverson signed a $3.9 million contract with the Philadelphia 76ers and a ten year, $50 million deal with Reebok. His effort on the court is well known and respected, but for all the media portrayals of Iverson as the anti-hero, an icon of a "Hip Hop Nation" that ran counter to the NBA's carefully constructed marketing image, or as a symbol of all that is allegedly wrong in professional basketball, he remains remarkably well-grounded.

Married for six years and the father of two, Iverson is fiercely loyal to his teammates and to his childhood friends. He considered it an honor to play for the U.S. Olympic team in 2004 when other NBA stars passed on the offer, and maintains a number of charity events to benefit his local community. In comparison to his NBA career, his years at Georgetown were largely free of the intense media and personal scrutiny, providing at least two years where he could grow as a person as well as a basketball player.

His arrival and exit at Georgetown is still a source of debate in some circles, but his performance on the court is not. Allen Iverson found a home, even briefly, at the Hilltop, and remains one of its brightest stars. "In my heart, I know I'm a basketball player," Iverson said following his 2006 NBA trade, "being that I know I can play with the best of them."

From that first Kenner League game on 1994, no one has doubted it since.