關於 bad habits wiki ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[時事英文] 紐約時報報導: 武漢冠狀病毒*

The mysterious coronavirus that has killed at least four people and sickened more than 200 in China is capable of spreading from person to person, a prominent Chinese scientist said on Monday, adding to fears of a broader epidemic.

一位著名的中國科學家於週一表示，已在中國造成至少四人死亡、超過200人患病的神秘冠狀病毒能夠在人際之間傳播。這加劇了人們對更大範圍疫情的擔憂。

1. the mysterious coronavirus 神秘的冠狀病毒
2. be capable of… 能夠
3. spread from person to person 人際之間傳播
4. a prominent scientist 著名的中國科學家
5. add to fears 加劇了擔憂
6. broader epidemic 更大範圍的疫情

*Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_novel_coronavirus

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The authorities had previously said the deadly virus seemed capable of spreading only from animals to humans in most cases, tracing the outbreak to a market in Wuhan.

有關部門此前曾表示，多數情況下，這種致命病毒似乎只會從動物傳播給人類，並將疫情追溯到武漢的一個市場。

7. trace the outbreak to… 將疾病的爆發追溯到…

★★★★★★★★★★★★

“Now we can say it is certain that it is a human-to-human transmission phenomenon,” Zhong Nanshan, a scientist who is leading a government-appointed expert panel on the outbreak, said in an interview on state-run television on Monday.

「現在可以說，肯定有人傳人現象，」科學家鍾南山週一在國家電視台的採訪中說。他是政府指定的專家小組的負責人。

8. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
9. expert panel 專家小組
10. state-run television 國家電視台

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The World Health Organization announced Monday that it was convening an emergency meeting on Wednesday, Jan. 22, “to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, and what recommendations should be made to manage it.”

世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週一宣布，將於1月22日（週三）召開緊急會議，「以確定此次疫情是否構成國際關注的突發公共衛生事件，以及應採取何種措施進行應對」。

11. convene an emergency meeting 召開緊急會議
12. ascertain whether… 確定…是否…
13. constitute 構成
14. a public health emergency 公共衛生緊急事件
15. International concern 國際關注
16. make recommendations 提出建議

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.

感染癥狀包括高燒、呼吸困難和肺部病變。較輕的病例可能類似於流感或重感冒，使檢測非常困難。潛伏期——從接觸病毒到癥狀發作的時間——大約為兩週。

17. symptoms of the infection 感染癥狀
18. lung lesions 肺部病變，損傷
19. milder cases 較輕的病例
20. resemble 類似；與…相似
21. the incubation period 潛伏期*
22. from exposure to the onset of symptoms 從接觸病毒到癥狀發作

*http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1320192/

★★★★★★★★★★★★

To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, the W.H.O. recommends that people wash their hands regularly, cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing, and avoid direct contact with farm or wild animals.

為防止呼吸道感染的傳播，世界衛生組織建議人們經常洗手，咳嗽和打噴嚏時捂住口鼻，避免同農場或野生的動物直接接觸。

23. respiratory infection 呼吸道感染
24. recommend that... 建議…
25. avoid direct contact with... 避免或…直接接觸

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources:

https://cn.nytimes.com/…/coronavirus-china-sy…/zh-hant/dual/

https://cn.nytimes.com/…/…/what-is-coronavirus/zh-hant/dual/

Image source: https://www.nytimes.com/20…/…/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html

★★★★★★★★★★★★

★★★★★★★★★★★★

接下來則是提供同學預防疾病相關的關鍵片語:

Set I. 我們從預防疾病(disease prevention)相關的詞彙組塊 (lexical chunks) 開始:

1. improve our hygiene (加強衛生)
2. wet (弄濕), lather (起泡), scrub (搓洗), rinse (洗淨), and dry our hands (擦乾我們的手)
3. cook poultry and pork thoroughly (煮熟雞肉和豬肉)
4. refrigerate all leftovers (冷藏剩菜)
5. get vaccinated (注射預防針)
6. develop an immunity to (對…產生免疫)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set II. 當我們生病時我們應該用甚麼相關的詞彙組塊來表達?

1. contract a disease (感染一種病)
2. receive treatment (接受治療 )
3. seek help from a medical professional (尋求專業醫療照護)
4. do not diagnose our own illnesses (不要自行診斷)
5. follow the doctor’s orders (聽從醫師的指示)
6. take our medication and follow the prescription (遵循處方吃藥)
7. follow the prescribed course of treatment (遵循處方治療)
8. not finishing the prescription may slow down the healing process (沒吃完處方簽藥物可能會延緩復原的時間 )
9. cause germs to develop antibiotic resistance (導致細菌產生抗藥性)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set III. 以下是與流行疾病相關的詞彙組塊:

1. contain an outbreak (阻止疫情的爆發)
2. contagious disease (傳染病)
3. an epidemic (流行病)
4. a pandemic (國家疫情爆發或擴散)
5. a global pandemic (國家和全世界的流行病)
6. avoid touching our mouths, noses, or eyes (避免觸碰我們的口鼻眼)
7. cover our mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing (咳嗽或打噴嚏時請遮口鼻)
8. avoid crowded places (避免前往人多的地方)
9. reduce human transmission 減少人類傳染
10. stay home if you show signs of illness (若感到不適請留在家中)
11. develop symptoms of the diseases (產生生病症狀)
12. seek medical attention by contacting your health care provider (與您的醫療服務提供者聯絡尋求醫療協助)
13. have severe symptoms (有嚴重的症狀)
14. difficulty in breathing (難以呼吸)
15. wear a surgical mask (使用外科口罩)
16. reduce chances of contracting a disease (避免染上疾病)
17. pay attention to public announcements about the disease (注意關於疫情的公告)
18. be prepared for possible pandemics (對於疫情爆發要有準備)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set IV. 最後我們要如何保持健康的詞彙組塊:

1. stay healthy (保持健康)
2. mentally healthy (心理上的健康)
3. understand our own emotions (認識與了解自己的情緒)
4. talk to others about problems such as depressions
(與其他人談談自己的問題，如情緒低落或憂鬱)
5. stay socially healthy (維持社交上的健康)
6. maintain good relationships (維持良好的關係)
7. stay physically healthy (維持生理上的健康)
8. exercise regularly (定期地運動)
9. get plenty of rest (有充足的休息)
10. maintain healthy eating habits (保持健康飲食習慣)
11. eat nutritious meals (每餐要吃得營養)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k

保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)

時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8

[時事英文] 紐約時報報導: 新型冠狀病毒*

The mysterious coronavirus that has killed at least four people and sickened more than 200 in China is capable of spreading from person to person, a prominent Chinese scientist said on Monday, adding to fears of a broader epidemic.

一位著名的中國科學家於週一表示，已在中國造成至少四人死亡、超過200人患病的神秘冠狀病毒能夠在人際之間傳播。這加劇了人們對更大範圍疫情的擔憂。

1. the mysterious coronavirus 神秘的冠狀病毒
2. be capable of… 能夠
3. spread from person to person 人際之間傳播
4. a prominent scientist 著名的中國科學家
5. add to fears 加劇了擔憂
6. broader epidemic 更大範圍的疫情

*Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_novel_coronavirus

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The authorities had previously said the deadly virus seemed capable of spreading only from animals to humans in most cases, tracing the outbreak to a market in Wuhan.

有關部門此前曾表示，多數情況下，這種致命病毒似乎只會從動物傳播給人類，並將疫情追溯到武漢的一個市場。

7. trace the outbreak to… 將疾病的爆發追溯到…

★★★★★★★★★★★★

“Now we can say it is certain that it is a human-to-human transmission phenomenon,” Zhong Nanshan, a scientist who is leading a government-appointed expert panel on the outbreak, said in an interview on state-run television on Monday.

「現在可以說，肯定有人傳人現象，」科學家鍾南山週一在國家電視台的採訪中說。他是政府指定的專家小組的負責人。

8. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
9. expert panel 專家小組
10. state-run television 國家電視台

★★★★★★★★★★★★

The World Health Organization announced Monday that it was convening an emergency meeting on Wednesday, Jan. 22, “to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, and what recommendations should be made to manage it.”

世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週一宣布，將於1月22日（週三）召開緊急會議，「以確定此次疫情是否構成國際關注的突發公共衛生事件，以及應採取何種措施進行應對」。

11. convene an emergency meeting 召開緊急會議
12. ascertain whether… 確定…是否…
13. constitute 構成
14. a public health emergency 公共衛生緊急事件
15. International concern 國際關注
16. make recommendations 提出建議

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.

感染癥狀包括高燒、呼吸困難和肺部病變。較輕的病例可能類似於流感或重感冒，使檢測非常困難。潛伏期——從接觸病毒到癥狀發作的時間——大約為兩週。

17. symptoms of the infection 感染癥狀
18. lung lesions 肺部病變，損傷
19. milder cases 較輕的病例
20. resemble 類似；與…相似
21. the incubation period 潛伏期*
22. from exposure to the onset of symptoms 從接觸病毒到癥狀發作

*http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1320192/

★★★★★★★★★★★★

To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, the W.H.O. recommends that people wash their hands regularly, cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing, and avoid direct contact with farm or wild animals.

為防止呼吸道感染的傳播，世界衛生組織建議人們經常洗手，咳嗽和打噴嚏時捂住口鼻，避免同農場或野生的動物直接接觸。

23. respiratory infection 呼吸道感染
24. recommend that... 建議…
25. avoid direct contact with... 避免或…直接接觸

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Sources:

https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20200121/coronavirus-china-symptoms/zh-hant/dual/

https://cn.nytimes.com/health/20200122/what-is-coronavirus/zh-hant/dual/

Image source: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html

★★★★★★★★★★★★

★★★★★★★★★★★★

接下來則是提供同學預防疾病相關的關鍵片語:

Set I. 我們從預防疾病(disease prevention)相關的詞彙組塊 (lexical chunks) 開始:

1. improve our hygiene (加強衛生)
2. wet (弄濕), lather (起泡), scrub (搓洗), rinse (洗淨), and dry our hands (擦乾我們的手)
3. cook poultry and pork thoroughly (煮熟雞肉和豬肉)
4. refrigerate all leftovers (冷藏剩菜)
5. get vaccinated (注射預防針)
6. develop an immunity to (對…產生免疫)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set II. 當我們生病時我們應該用甚麼相關的詞彙組塊來表達?

1. contract a disease (感染一種病)
2. receive treatment (接受治療 )
3. seek help from a medical professional (尋求專業醫療照護)
4. do not diagnose our own illnesses (不要自行診斷)
5. follow the doctor’s orders (聽從醫師的指示)
6. take our medication and follow the prescription (遵循處方吃藥)
7. follow the prescribed course of treatment (遵循處方治療)
8. not finishing the prescription may slow down the healing process (沒吃完處方簽藥物可能會延緩復原的時間 )
9. cause germs to develop antibiotic resistance (導致細菌產生抗藥性)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set III. 以下是與流行疾病相關的詞彙組塊:

1. contain an outbreak (阻止疫情的爆發)
2. contagious disease (傳染病)
3. an epidemic (流行病)
4. a pandemic (國家疫情爆發或擴散)
5. a global pandemic (國家和全世界的流行病)
6. avoid touching our mouths, noses, or eyes (避免觸碰我們的口鼻眼)
7. cover our mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing (咳嗽或打噴嚏時請遮口鼻)
8. avoid crowded places (避免前往人多的地方)
9. reduce human transmission 減少人類傳染
10. stay home if you show signs of illness (若感到不適請留在家中)
11. develop symptoms of the diseases (產生生病症狀)
12. seek medical attention by contacting your health care provider (與您的醫療服務提供者聯絡尋求醫療協助)
13. have severe symptoms (有嚴重的症狀)
14. difficulty in breathing (難以呼吸)
15. wear a surgical mask (使用外科口罩)
16. reduce chances of contracting a disease (避免染上疾病)
17. pay attention to public announcements about the disease (注意關於疫情的公告)
18. be prepared for possible pandemics (對於疫情爆發要有準備)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

Set IV. 最後我們要如何保持健康的詞彙組塊:

1. stay healthy (保持健康)
2. mentally healthy (心理上的健康)
3. understand our own emotions (認識與了解自己的情緒)
4. talk to others about problems such as depressions
(與其他人談談自己的問題，如情緒低落或憂鬱)
5. stay socially healthy (維持社交上的健康)
6. maintain good relationships (維持良好的關係)
7. stay physically healthy (維持生理上的健康)
8. exercise regularly (定期地運動)
9. get plenty of rest (有充足的休息)
10. maintain healthy eating habits (保持健康飲食習慣)
11. eat nutritious meals (每餐要吃得營養)

★★★★★★★★★★★★

保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k

保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)

時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8

[英語知識] New Year's Resolution 新年決心

正當大家都在回顧過去一年所遇到的風風雨雨，倒不如讓我們來定下新年決心來迎接新年的到來吧！在新年的一開始，很多人都信誓旦旦地定下新年決心，可惜的是，大多數人在一個月過後，就把決心拋諸腦後了。其實，定下新年決心 (setting New Year’s resolutions) 的傳統，早在好幾千年前就在巴比倫尼亞文化 (Babylonian civilization) 盛行了，古巴比倫人在每一年的開始，都會對他們的天神承諾，借來的錢還給債主，此外，羅馬人也會對他們的天神─雅努斯 (Janus) 做出承諾 (make promises)。在中古時期，騎士們也會在每年聖誕節期間立下「孔雀誓言」 (peacock vow) 來重申他們對騎士精神的承諾 (commitment to chivalry)。

如同上述你所了解的，立下新年的決心在西方的文化歷史裡早已盛行許久 (a long standing tradition)。然而，年復一年，許多人所定下的決心，最終卻沒能實踐。多年的研究顯示，平均四十五個美國人立下新年決心，卻不超過百分之十的人達成他們的目標。因此，在這裡提供一些方法來協助同學們實踐自己的新年目標 (fulfill their New Year’s resolutions)。

===== How to Fulfill Your New Year Resolutions =====

✎ 確立一個實際的目標 Set a Realistic Target!
切忌擬定一個不切實際或者幾乎不可能完成的計畫，這只會讓自己更力不從心。建議制定一個循序漸進的計畫，好讓你容易達成自己的目標 (reach your goals)。

✎ 制定時間表 Set a Timetable
先釐清目標和夢想的區別在哪裡 (know the difference between goals and dreams)？目標，是有期限且需要實行的夢想；夢想，沒去實踐也只是空想。

✎ 尋找資源 Find Resources!
當你面臨到一個新的挑戰 (face a new challenge)，你需要尋求一些指導方針 (seek guidance) 以開闢成功的通路。不妨在網路上搜尋研究一下或者與家人和朋友討論。最重要的是尋求更多的資源及方法來幫助自己達成新年的目標。

✎ 時時刻刻提醒自己 Constantly Remind Yourself!
為了避免自己遺忘新年決定(計畫)，我們必須不時地提醒自己去實踐每一個步驟 (accomplish each step)。最常見的做法是把你新年的決心寫在紙條上，將它貼在自己的書桌或牆壁上，這樣你每天都能看到這張紙條並提醒自己去實現當初所立下的決心。

✎ 尋找志同道合的夥伴 Find Like-minded Partners!
保證成功的一個很好的辦法就是給自己找一個共同實現新年決心的搭檔。四處尋問，看看有沒有人和自己一樣朝著新年決心邁進 (forge ahead) 。兩個人約定好每個月至少見一次面，討論你們的決心，告訴彼此最新的進展 (share your progress)，並互相支持( offer mutual support)。每週固定互通郵件，分享實踐進度。

✎ 獎勵自己 Reward Yourself!
達到目標時，可適度地獎勵自己。因為你做出了很慎重的承諾去完成有意義的事情 (accomplish meaningful goals)，應當表揚自己的辛勞來為自己所付出的努力有所回報 (reward your efforts)。

✎ 不要放棄 Never Give Up!
很多人許下新年決心的時候都充滿熱情、自信滿滿，深度覺得自己可以實現新年的決心，但過不了多久，熱情總是稍縱即逝。不過不須感到緊張，因為實現新年決心的承諾並非事關成敗 (whether you fulfill your resolution isn't crucial) 。請切記，一年有365天，你有足夠的時間去思考如何達成自己的目標，一切都是在自己的掌控之中 (everything is in your own hands)。

===== Popular New Year's Resolutions =====

✎ Improve physical well-being: eat healthy food, lose weight, exercise more, eat better, drink less alcohol, quit smoking, and get rid of old bad habits 促進身體健康：吃健康的食物，減肥，多運動，少吃為妙，少喝酒，戒菸，改掉舊有的壞習慣

✎ Improve mental well-being: think positive, laugh more often, enjoy life 改善心理和想法：有正面思考，笑口常開，享受生活

✎ improve finances: get out of debt, save money, make small investments 改善經濟狀況：擺脫債務，存錢，進行小投資

✎ Improve career: perform better at current job, get a better job, establish own business 改進職業生涯：在目前的工作有更好的表現，找到更好的工作，建立自己的事業

✎ Improve education: improve grades, get a better education, learn something new (such as a foreign language or music), study often, read more books, improve talents 提升教育：提高成績、接受更好的教育、學習新知 (如外語或音樂)、時時學習、多讀書，培養技能

✎ Volunteer to help others, practice life skills, use civic virtue, give to charity, volunteer to work part-time in a charity organization (NGO) 志願去幫助別人，實踐生活技能，擁有美德，適度向慈善機構布施

✎ Make new friends 交新朋友

✎ Spend quality time with family members 跟家人一起度過美好時光

What is your new year resolution? 你的新年決心是什麼?

Sources: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ukchina/trad/elt/english_now/2013/01/130102_todays_phrase_new_years_resolution.shtml?c
http://www.joyen.net/article/reading/allthelife/201001/2309.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year's_resolution
http://www.statisticbrain.com/new-years-resolution-statistics/

Image source: http://goo.gl/y17YpF