週五晚,一艘香港船旗的名為CSSC Cape Town好望角型乾散貨船舶這艘貨船滿載煤炭從美國巴爾的摩港出發,運往阿爾赫西拉斯。在進入直布羅陀灣英國直布羅陀領海時,船上發生爆炸。爆炸似乎發生在艏尖艙forecastle的區域。
這艘2020年下水的新船,又是在美國港口裝的貨,為何會莫名其妙地發生了爆炸?爆炸,自有其物理與化學之條件(否則賣炸藥的公司都會倒閉光了),因此不要懷疑,一定是運送的過程中大意,新船上的人員管理還在磨合期,最主要的原因仍在於:”船尚未能上網,一些負責安全的高級船員未能及時上網獲取相關的”物理化學”知識與案例中的經驗,上網不僅僅是與家人朋友聊天,及時獲取每一航次中的”安全資訊”,更是在職教育中的”及時雨”
装運煤炭警示
Warning Signs for Coal Loading and Carriage
煤炭特性 NATURE OF COAL:
1. 煤炭易揮發甲烷氣體,該氣體無味,比空氣輕且易燃易爆
Coal may emit Methane Gas which is an odorless, flammable and explosive gas
2. 煤炭易揮發有毒易燃一氧化碳氣体
Coal may produce toxic and flammable Carbon Monoxide gas
3. 煤炭容易自热而導致自燃
Coal may be liable to self-heating which will lead to SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
4. 煤炭易氧化而導致货艙或者毗鄰艙室缺氧
Coal may be subject to oxidation which will lead to depletion of oxygen gas in cargo holds and adjacent compartments
5. 有些煤炭和水反應產生可以腐蚀金属结構的酸,及有毒或者易燃氣体
Some coal may be liable to react with water and produce acids which may cause corrosion to metal structure, and toxic and flammable gas
预防措施 Preventive and Precautionary Measures:
1. 除了指定的吸烟區域, 船上的任何地方不准吸烟
NO SMOKING is allowed on board EXCEPT designated areas
2. 甲板區域禁止明火/热工(电/氣焊)
No naked flames on deck and No Hot Work (electrical / gas wielding) on deck
3. 未经船長许可,禁止開關艙蓋
No cargo hold open / close without master’s permission
4. 除非紧急情况,任何人不得進入货艙
Unless emergency situation, no one is allowed in cargo hold(s)
5. 甲板上禁止敲锈作業
NO Chipping operation on deck
6. 在卸貨港口, 大副應與工頭協調並確保任何人員進入貨艙前,貨艙沒有有毒/易燃易爆氣體
At discharge port, Chief Officer is to coordinate with foreman, and ensure all cargo holds are free of toxic / flammable/explosive gas before any person entering the cargo hold.
本警示應張貼在駕駛台,機艙控制室,船舶辦公室及每個艙蓋的四角。
This warning sign is to be posted in Bridge, ECR, Ship’s Office, All corners of cargo holds.
9) 除非緊急情況, 任何人不得進入裝有煤炭的貨艙。
10) 任何人員進入毗鄰貨艙的艙室時(比如進入BOSUN STORE時),應嚴格遵守密閉空間的要求及防火防爆要求。 2017年,一懸掛馬紹爾旗幟船舶在船員裝運煤炭時打開BOSUN STORE的門時發生爆炸,導致人死亡2人嚴重燒傷的重大事故, 其原因就是第一貨艙的前部下艙道門蓋在BOSUN STORE中,而船員在完貨後沒有關閉該道門蓋導致大量爆炸氣體積聚。具體請參考如下馬紹爾旗通函MSA16/2017
11) 大副應密切觀察貨物的情況,如貨物在航行期間的性狀與貨物申報單所述不同,船長應立即通過船東和/或租家向托運人報告這種差異。
12) 大副應與輪機長密切協調, 確保油艙盡量不加溫,不得不加溫時應不能過高;特別是靠近機艙的雙層底油艙。
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bosun 在 Christopher Doyle 杜可風 Facebook 的最佳貼文
[出走地平線:海上殺人事件]
Flattening The Curve: Death at sea
大海擁抱你,亦能殺死你。一如你身邊的船員。
很多水手都喜歡飲酒和賭錢。
他們之間很多爭執,於我印象最深,莫過於一個中國海員與水手長(他是甲板與甲板下層艙的阿頭)之間的爭端。
這名中國海員是我第一個認識的中國人,所以一直銘記在心。
他跟海員長說了挑釁性的話,令對方揮刀相向,險些把中國水手的頭也砍下來。
沒多久,我們泊岸香港。我首次來港遊歷。
我經過一間戲院,在那之前從沒有看過華語片,沒多久才發現那裡上映的作品叫《忠烈圖》。
當時,我也沒接觸過中國女性,第一個印象就是片中美麗的女主角徐楓,她的近鏡讓我驚為天人。
我在戲院裡找到位子坐下,一個男人隨即坐到我後面的座位。還以為找了好位,誰不知後排男把一雙赤腳伸到我椅背上。
我又坐過隔離一個座位。
電影開始讓我投入其中。
然後,我感覺到有雨打落我身上。
我向上望,沒發現天花板穿窿,再望一望後排男,才知道他口吐瓜子殼。
我站起來,面帶恐嚇地盯著他,用了中國海員險些被砍頭的粗話迎戰,但後排男不明所以,還繼續吐瓜子。
我離開時一頭霧水,完全不明白為何撩交嗌也做不到 。
很多年以後才有人解釋我知,當年爆粗對方無反應,是因為我說普通話。當時的香港冇人明白,因為個個都講廣東話。
The big sea embraces you. It can also kill you. Or if it doesn’t sometimes your crew
mates might.
Most seamen like to drink and gamble.
Arguments were frequent but the one I remember forever was between a Chinese
seaman and the bosun ( the head of the deck and below deck crew ) .
It is the first Chinese I had ever heard spoken. And It stays with me till now.
What the seaman said to the bosun was so aggressive and delivered with such effect that the bosun took out a knife and sashed his neck so vigorously the he almost cut of the
seaman’s head.
Not long later we docked in Hong Kong. I went exploring.
I passed a cinema. Up till then I had never seen a Chinese film. Later I worked out that it was The Valiant Ones.
I never met a Chinese woman either, so the first vision of the beautiful actress Hsu Feng riding into close up knocked me of my feet.
I found a seat. But a guy immediately came and sat beside me. I was just settled into what I thought was a safer seat when a pair of bare feet rest up against the back of my seat.
I move one seat over.
The film is pulling me in.
Then I start to feel what seems to be rain falling on me.
I look up. No there’s no hole in the roof. I look back to see the guy behind spitting out sunflower seeds.
I stand try to look intimidating and use that phrase that almost got a seaman killed. The guy looks blankly at me then spits some more seeds.
I leave not understanding why we didn’t even get into a fight.
Year later someone explains; that phrase of yours in super insulting in Putongua but in those years in Hong Kong most people wouldn’t understand you, they only spoke Cantonese.
bosun 在 Christopher Doyle 杜可風 Facebook 的精選貼文
[出走地平線:大海]
Flattening The Curve: The Big Sea
我隨海成長,三歲懂得游泳,七至八歲已滑浪。每逢上學、午餐甚至放學時間,都會跟同學到海灘游水。如果衝浪得爽,甚至有些日子會逃學。
我在海邊認識第一位女友,所以大海跟女人於我是環環相扣:大海像女人,時隨風浪轉變,無限可能,熱情有活力,又深邃難測。
當我選擇離開澳洲,二話不說是隨海而去。我在貨輪找份差事,隨航從悉尼經非洲到歐洲。貨輪全長四百米,滿載層層集裝箱,由32位船員操作。
一開始,我由普通海員(OS)做起。
油漆船身,擦擦甲板。一日比一日享受奇妙無比的「大海」。
海員一般只受聘於特定時間。只要時辰到,新人便加入,舊人會上岸。
在杜拜,有五個印尼新海員加入。貨輪雖然靠岸,但其中兩位海員一上船便不停嘔吐,暈船浪。
「似乎不太好」水手長跟我說。
「他們明顯沒有出過海。」
五人中有兩個被分派到甲板工作,兩人操作機房,餘下一人做舵工﹐駕駛貨輪 。
我們在大海工作幾小時,船長召喚我到駕駛室。
那名印尼舵工站在方向盤前,害怕得顫抖。因為前方有一首巨輪朝我們方向駛來,我們要熟練地控制方向盤避免相撞。
我看著船長命令印尼舵工改變航向5度,避免跟對家相撞。
在國際水域,不論你來自何方都要接受英語下達的指令 。印尼船員聽到後說「是,長官﹗」但沒有任何舉動。
前方輪船越來迫近。船長再說「接著左舵10度﹗」
「是,長官﹗」印尼海員依然無動於衷。
情況越來越壞,巨輪在咫尺之間。
船長面向舵工說「你顯然之前沒做過,完全不明白任何一個該死的指令﹗」
「是,長官﹗」舵工再回應。船長旋即命令我「Chris,你來掌舵。看在老天份上,立刻左舵15度﹗﹗﹗」
「是,長官﹗」舵工跟我又一起應聲。我手執方向盤,花盡狗牛二虎之力扭左。
I grew up by the sea. I was swimming at the age of three and surfing around 7 or 8. Schoolmates and I would go to the beach before school, during lunch break and as soon as classes were over. If the surf was really good, we wouldn't even go to school on those days.
I met my first girlfriend by the sea. So the sea and women have always seem connected to me: the sea is like a woman: always changing with its winds and tides, endless, embracing, refreshing and deep.
So when I decided to leave Australia, of course the only way for me was by sea. I took a job on a Container Ship, sailing from Sydney to Europe via Africa. The ship was about 400 metres, piled high with containers and manned by a crew of 32.
I started as what is called an Ordinary Seaman ( OS ) .
Painting the hull, scrubbing the decks. Each day enjoying more and more the wonder of “the big sea”.
Seamen are contracted for a certain period so occasionally some new crew arrive when its time for others to go.
In Dubai, five new Indonesian crewmen joined the ship. We were docked, two of them started throwing up, seasick.
“This doesn't look very promising” the Bosun ( crew leader ) says to me.
“They have obviously never been to sea.”
Two of the five are supposed to work on deck. Two in the engine room. One as Quartermaster operating the wheel that drives the ship.
We have been at sea a couple of hours. The captain calls me to the bridge.
The Indonesian “quartermaster” is standing at the wheel, shaking with fear. There is another large ship heading our way. We have to manoeuvre to avoid crashing into it.
I watch as the captain orders the Indonesian guy in English to adjust course by five degrees to avoid the oncoming boat.
Inside international waters, no matter where you ship or you come from all orders are given in English. The guy replies “ Yes sir!” but does nothing .
The oncoming ship is getting closer. “Ten degrees Port is the next order.”
“Yes sir” the Indoneseian once again replies. But again nothing happens.
It’s no looking good. The ship is getting closer.
The captain turns to the “quartermaster and says ; “ You obviously have never done this before and you don’t understand a bloody word I am saying do you”.
“Yes sir” comes the reply. The captain turns to me “Take the wheel Chris. And for God’s turn us fifteen degrees Port right now!!!!”
“Yes sir!” both the guy and I reply. As I take over the wheel and turn it as hard Port as I can.
攝於拍攝電影《海洋天堂》(2010)
Photo was taken in shooting "Ocean Heaven" (2010)
bosun 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的最佳解答
bosun 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最讚貼文
bosun 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳貼文
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