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全世界兒童與青少年,普遍面臨肥胖的威脅 ; 要處理肥胖問題,除了注重飲食,還需要運動介入。該如何替兒童及青少年規劃運動呢?我們可以參考運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD)。
肥胖流行病學
根據世界衛生組織 (WHO) 和倫敦帝國學院 (Imperial College London) 的研究,過去 40 年來,肥胖兒童與青少年 (5~19 歲) 的人口數,成長了至少 10 倍以上 ; 根據這項統計,未來將會有更多兒童與青少年,迫切需要專業團隊介入,來減緩肥胖人口增長趨勢。
在台灣,根據國民健康署統計,台灣成年人過重及肥胖盛行率 43% (男性 48.9%、女性38.3%) ; 國中生過重及肥胖比率為 29.8% (男生 34.3%、女生 25.0%) ; 國小學童過重及肥胖比率為 30.4% (男童為 34.2%、女童為26.2%)。
『肥胖』,又是第 2 型糖尿病的危險因子。根據統計,台灣學童新診斷糖尿病,54% 是第 2 型糖尿病 (發生率約為10萬分之6.5, 1992-1999),高峰期落在青春期 13-15 歲,肥胖是主要危險因素。
指引建議
美國疾病管制與預防中心 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC) 針對兒童與青少年肥胖問題,提出以下建議:
1⃣️健康的飲食習慣 (Develop healthy eating habits)
2⃣️限制高卡路里食物 (Limit calorie-rich temptations)
3⃣️保持活動 (Help children stay active)
4⃣️減少久坐 (Reduce sedentary time)
5⃣️充足睡眠 (Ensure adequate sleep)
其中,保持活動 (Help children stay active),除了可以培養孩子對於運動的興趣,還能帶來以下好處:
1⃣️體重管理 (Helping with weight management)
2⃣️強化骨骼 (Strengthening bones)
3⃣️降低血壓 (Decreasing blood pressure)
4⃣️減輕壓力和焦慮 (Reducing stress and anxiety)
5⃣️增加自信 (Increasing self-esteem)
世界衛生組織 (WHO) 與美國疾病管制與預防中心 (CDC) 皆建議:3 至 5 歲兒童,一整天都要保持活躍。 6 至 17 歲的兒童和青少年,每天至少 60 分鐘身體活動。
兒童與青少年正處於發育階段,運動訓練主要著重在三個面向:有氧運動 (Aerobic Activity)、肌力訓練 (Muscle-Strengthening)、骨骼強化訓練 (Bone-Strengthening),以有氧運動為最大占比。
運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD)
理想的運動養成應該像正金字塔,先培養紮實的基礎運動
(有趣, FUNdamentals),接著往上訓練爆發力、速度
、敏捷,最後專注專項運動技能。
在運動領域,台灣的家庭、學校、社會觀念與歐美迥異,台灣小孩的運動養成,似乎是顛倒狀態... 台灣小孩普遍沒有紮實的基礎運動
訓練,長大後對運動沒興趣者,比比皆是。
該如何栽培出熱愛運動的小孩,讓他(她)變成大谷翔平呢?我們可以參考『運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD)』。
在青春期以前,我們要先培養運動素養 (Physical Literacy
),青春期後則以終身運動 (Active
For Life) 為目標。根據年齡,分成六個階段:
1⃣️Active Start:開始運動 (No specific ratios)
2⃣️FUNdamentals:快樂運動 (All activities FUN)
3⃣️Learning to Train:70% 訓練 <-> 30% 競賽
4⃣️Train to Train:60% 訓練 <-> 40% 競賽
5⃣️Train to Compete:40% 訓練 <-> 60% 競賽
6⃣️Train to Win:25% 訓練 <-> 75% 競賽
成長每個階段,運動的『訓練/競賽比例』都不一樣,隨著成長發育,應循序漸進地拉高競賽佔比。
各種訓練最佳時間點
進入青春期的時間點,男、女生不同,生長速度也不一樣,青春期是身高成長最大速度 (peak height velocity, PHV) 的重要階段,此階段是安排『Train to Train』的最佳時刻。
根據男、女生的發育速度,我們可以在正確的時間點,安排適當的菜單。譬如說,在進入青春期之前,我們先安排『柔軟度』、『速度』、『技能』等項目 ; 青春期,則以『耐力』、『速度』為主 ; 青春期後,則安排『力量』相關肌力訓練。
總結
只要有心,人人都可以變成大谷翔平!
在台灣,『萬般皆下品,唯有讀書高』,在歐美,運動卻是不可或缺的生活元素 ; 台灣小孩長大後,為什麼會對運動沒有興趣,其中一個可能原因,就是從小沒有培養對運動的興趣。
參考運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD),培養終身運動的習慣,只要有心,人人都可以成就投打二刀流🏆
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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cdc healthy eating 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
[時事英文] 紐約時報報導: 武漢冠狀病毒*
The mysterious coronavirus that has killed at least four people and sickened more than 200 in China is capable of spreading from person to person, a prominent Chinese scientist said on Monday, adding to fears of a broader epidemic.
一位著名的中國科學家於週一表示,已在中國造成至少四人死亡、超過200人患病的神秘冠狀病毒能夠在人際之間傳播。這加劇了人們對更大範圍疫情的擔憂。
1. the mysterious coronavirus 神秘的冠狀病毒
2. be capable of… 能夠
3. spread from person to person 人際之間傳播
4. a prominent scientist 著名的中國科學家
5. add to fears 加劇了擔憂
6. broader epidemic 更大範圍的疫情
*Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_novel_coronavirus
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The authorities had previously said the deadly virus seemed capable of spreading only from animals to humans in most cases, tracing the outbreak to a market in Wuhan.
有關部門此前曾表示,多數情況下,這種致命病毒似乎只會從動物傳播給人類,並將疫情追溯到武漢的一個市場。
7. trace the outbreak to… 將疾病的爆發追溯到…
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“Now we can say it is certain that it is a human-to-human transmission phenomenon,” Zhong Nanshan, a scientist who is leading a government-appointed expert panel on the outbreak, said in an interview on state-run television on Monday.
「現在可以說,肯定有人傳人現象,」科學家鍾南山週一在國家電視台的採訪中說。他是政府指定的專家小組的負責人。
8. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
9. expert panel 專家小組
10. state-run television 國家電視台
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The World Health Organization announced Monday that it was convening an emergency meeting on Wednesday, Jan. 22, “to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, and what recommendations should be made to manage it.”
世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週一宣布,將於1月22日(週三)召開緊急會議,「以確定此次疫情是否構成國際關注的突發公共衛生事件,以及應採取何種措施進行應對」。
11. convene an emergency meeting 召開緊急會議
12. ascertain whether… 確定…是否…
13. constitute 構成
14. a public health emergency 公共衛生緊急事件
15. International concern 國際關注
16. make recommendations 提出建議
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.
感染癥狀包括高燒、呼吸困難和肺部病變。較輕的病例可能類似於流感或重感冒,使檢測非常困難。潛伏期——從接觸病毒到癥狀發作的時間——大約為兩週。
17. symptoms of the infection 感染癥狀
18. lung lesions 肺部病變,損傷
19. milder cases 較輕的病例
20. resemble 類似;與…相似
21. the incubation period 潛伏期*
22. from exposure to the onset of symptoms 從接觸病毒到癥狀發作
*http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1320192/
★★★★★★★★★★★★
To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, the W.H.O. recommends that people wash their hands regularly, cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing, and avoid direct contact with farm or wild animals.
為防止呼吸道感染的傳播,世界衛生組織建議人們經常洗手,咳嗽和打噴嚏時捂住口鼻,避免同農場或野生的動物直接接觸。
23. respiratory infection 呼吸道感染
24. recommend that... 建議…
25. avoid direct contact with... 避免或…直接接觸
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Sources:
https://cn.nytimes.com/…/coronavirus-china-sy…/zh-hant/dual/
https://cn.nytimes.com/…/…/what-is-coronavirus/zh-hant/dual/
Image source: https://www.nytimes.com/20…/…/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html
★★★★★★★★★★★★
★★★★★★★★★★★★
接下來則是提供同學預防疾病相關的關鍵片語:
Set I. 我們從預防疾病(disease prevention)相關的詞彙組塊 (lexical chunks) 開始:
1. improve our hygiene (加強衛生)
2. wet (弄濕), lather (起泡), scrub (搓洗), rinse (洗淨), and dry our hands (擦乾我們的手)
3. cook poultry and pork thoroughly (煮熟雞肉和豬肉)
4. refrigerate all leftovers (冷藏剩菜)
5. get vaccinated (注射預防針)
6. develop an immunity to (對…產生免疫)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set II. 當我們生病時我們應該用甚麼相關的詞彙組塊來表達?
1. contract a disease (感染一種病)
2. receive treatment (接受治療 )
3. seek help from a medical professional (尋求專業醫療照護)
4. do not diagnose our own illnesses (不要自行診斷)
5. follow the doctor’s orders (聽從醫師的指示)
6. take our medication and follow the prescription (遵循處方吃藥)
7. follow the prescribed course of treatment (遵循處方治療)
8. not finishing the prescription may slow down the healing process (沒吃完處方簽藥物可能會延緩復原的時間 )
9. cause germs to develop antibiotic resistance (導致細菌產生抗藥性)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set III. 以下是與流行疾病相關的詞彙組塊:
1. contain an outbreak (阻止疫情的爆發)
2. contagious disease (傳染病)
3. an epidemic (流行病)
4. a pandemic (國家疫情爆發或擴散)
5. a global pandemic (國家和全世界的流行病)
6. avoid touching our mouths, noses, or eyes (避免觸碰我們的口鼻眼)
7. cover our mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing (咳嗽或打噴嚏時請遮口鼻)
8. avoid crowded places (避免前往人多的地方)
9. reduce human transmission 減少人類傳染
10. stay home if you show signs of illness (若感到不適請留在家中)
11. develop symptoms of the diseases (產生生病症狀)
12. seek medical attention by contacting your health care provider (與您的醫療服務提供者聯絡尋求醫療協助)
13. have severe symptoms (有嚴重的症狀)
14. difficulty in breathing (難以呼吸)
15. wear a surgical mask (使用外科口罩)
16. reduce chances of contracting a disease (避免染上疾病)
17. pay attention to public announcements about the disease (注意關於疫情的公告)
18. be prepared for possible pandemics (對於疫情爆發要有準備)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set IV. 最後我們要如何保持健康的詞彙組塊:
1. stay healthy (保持健康)
2. mentally healthy (心理上的健康)
3. understand our own emotions (認識與了解自己的情緒)
4. talk to others about problems such as depressions
(與其他人談談自己的問題,如情緒低落或憂鬱)
5. stay socially healthy (維持社交上的健康)
6. maintain good relationships (維持良好的關係)
7. stay physically healthy (維持生理上的健康)
8. exercise regularly (定期地運動)
9. get plenty of rest (有充足的休息)
10. maintain healthy eating habits (保持健康飲食習慣)
11. eat nutritious meals (每餐要吃得營養)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k
保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)
時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8
cdc healthy eating 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳貼文
[時事英文] 紐約時報報導: 新型冠狀病毒*
The mysterious coronavirus that has killed at least four people and sickened more than 200 in China is capable of spreading from person to person, a prominent Chinese scientist said on Monday, adding to fears of a broader epidemic.
一位著名的中國科學家於週一表示,已在中國造成至少四人死亡、超過200人患病的神秘冠狀病毒能夠在人際之間傳播。這加劇了人們對更大範圍疫情的擔憂。
1. the mysterious coronavirus 神秘的冠狀病毒
2. be capable of… 能夠
3. spread from person to person 人際之間傳播
4. a prominent scientist 著名的中國科學家
5. add to fears 加劇了擔憂
6. broader epidemic 更大範圍的疫情
*Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_novel_coronavirus
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The authorities had previously said the deadly virus seemed capable of spreading only from animals to humans in most cases, tracing the outbreak to a market in Wuhan.
有關部門此前曾表示,多數情況下,這種致命病毒似乎只會從動物傳播給人類,並將疫情追溯到武漢的一個市場。
7. trace the outbreak to… 將疾病的爆發追溯到…
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“Now we can say it is certain that it is a human-to-human transmission phenomenon,” Zhong Nanshan, a scientist who is leading a government-appointed expert panel on the outbreak, said in an interview on state-run television on Monday.
「現在可以說,肯定有人傳人現象,」科學家鍾南山週一在國家電視台的採訪中說。他是政府指定的專家小組的負責人。
8. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
9. expert panel 專家小組
10. state-run television 國家電視台
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The World Health Organization announced Monday that it was convening an emergency meeting on Wednesday, Jan. 22, “to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, and what recommendations should be made to manage it.”
世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週一宣布,將於1月22日(週三)召開緊急會議,「以確定此次疫情是否構成國際關注的突發公共衛生事件,以及應採取何種措施進行應對」。
11. convene an emergency meeting 召開緊急會議
12. ascertain whether… 確定…是否…
13. constitute 構成
14. a public health emergency 公共衛生緊急事件
15. International concern 國際關注
16. make recommendations 提出建議
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.
感染癥狀包括高燒、呼吸困難和肺部病變。較輕的病例可能類似於流感或重感冒,使檢測非常困難。潛伏期——從接觸病毒到癥狀發作的時間——大約為兩週。
17. symptoms of the infection 感染癥狀
18. lung lesions 肺部病變,損傷
19. milder cases 較輕的病例
20. resemble 類似;與…相似
21. the incubation period 潛伏期*
22. from exposure to the onset of symptoms 從接觸病毒到癥狀發作
*http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1320192/
★★★★★★★★★★★★
To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, the W.H.O. recommends that people wash their hands regularly, cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing, and avoid direct contact with farm or wild animals.
為防止呼吸道感染的傳播,世界衛生組織建議人們經常洗手,咳嗽和打噴嚏時捂住口鼻,避免同農場或野生的動物直接接觸。
23. respiratory infection 呼吸道感染
24. recommend that... 建議…
25. avoid direct contact with... 避免或…直接接觸
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Sources:
https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20200121/coronavirus-china-symptoms/zh-hant/dual/
https://cn.nytimes.com/health/20200122/what-is-coronavirus/zh-hant/dual/
Image source: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html
★★★★★★★★★★★★
★★★★★★★★★★★★
接下來則是提供同學預防疾病相關的關鍵片語:
Set I. 我們從預防疾病(disease prevention)相關的詞彙組塊 (lexical chunks) 開始:
1. improve our hygiene (加強衛生)
2. wet (弄濕), lather (起泡), scrub (搓洗), rinse (洗淨), and dry our hands (擦乾我們的手)
3. cook poultry and pork thoroughly (煮熟雞肉和豬肉)
4. refrigerate all leftovers (冷藏剩菜)
5. get vaccinated (注射預防針)
6. develop an immunity to (對…產生免疫)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set II. 當我們生病時我們應該用甚麼相關的詞彙組塊來表達?
1. contract a disease (感染一種病)
2. receive treatment (接受治療 )
3. seek help from a medical professional (尋求專業醫療照護)
4. do not diagnose our own illnesses (不要自行診斷)
5. follow the doctor’s orders (聽從醫師的指示)
6. take our medication and follow the prescription (遵循處方吃藥)
7. follow the prescribed course of treatment (遵循處方治療)
8. not finishing the prescription may slow down the healing process (沒吃完處方簽藥物可能會延緩復原的時間 )
9. cause germs to develop antibiotic resistance (導致細菌產生抗藥性)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set III. 以下是與流行疾病相關的詞彙組塊:
1. contain an outbreak (阻止疫情的爆發)
2. contagious disease (傳染病)
3. an epidemic (流行病)
4. a pandemic (國家疫情爆發或擴散)
5. a global pandemic (國家和全世界的流行病)
6. avoid touching our mouths, noses, or eyes (避免觸碰我們的口鼻眼)
7. cover our mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing (咳嗽或打噴嚏時請遮口鼻)
8. avoid crowded places (避免前往人多的地方)
9. reduce human transmission 減少人類傳染
10. stay home if you show signs of illness (若感到不適請留在家中)
11. develop symptoms of the diseases (產生生病症狀)
12. seek medical attention by contacting your health care provider (與您的醫療服務提供者聯絡尋求醫療協助)
13. have severe symptoms (有嚴重的症狀)
14. difficulty in breathing (難以呼吸)
15. wear a surgical mask (使用外科口罩)
16. reduce chances of contracting a disease (避免染上疾病)
17. pay attention to public announcements about the disease (注意關於疫情的公告)
18. be prepared for possible pandemics (對於疫情爆發要有準備)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set IV. 最後我們要如何保持健康的詞彙組塊:
1. stay healthy (保持健康)
2. mentally healthy (心理上的健康)
3. understand our own emotions (認識與了解自己的情緒)
4. talk to others about problems such as depressions
(與其他人談談自己的問題,如情緒低落或憂鬱)
5. stay socially healthy (維持社交上的健康)
6. maintain good relationships (維持良好的關係)
7. stay physically healthy (維持生理上的健康)
8. exercise regularly (定期地運動)
9. get plenty of rest (有充足的休息)
10. maintain healthy eating habits (保持健康飲食習慣)
11. eat nutritious meals (每餐要吃得營養)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k
保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)
時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8
cdc healthy eating 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的最佳貼文
cdc healthy eating 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最讚貼文
cdc healthy eating 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳解答
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The CDC publication School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity outlines evidence-based recommendations for ... ... <看更多>
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Every person deserves the chance to be healthy. What people eat and how physically active they are is an individual choice. CDC's Division of Nutrition, ... ... <看更多>