其實有不少眼尖的網友發現我搬家了
因為今年美國疫情擴散、導致孩子們全面100%遠距上課(今年除了升小二的Robbie之外,增加了幼稚園K的新鮮人Blair)
所以我們不得不重新思考搬家、並以「遠距上班上課」為前提調整家裡空間的分配
讓上班的上課的都有自己的小天地
(對啦!全家沒有自己空間的人只有我😂)
身邊有些朋友知道我計畫性地轉為home schooling (自學),彼此也經常交換意見。
簡單來說,我覺得沒有好或不好
每個家庭home school的經驗也都不盡相同
不論你是因為有四處旅居的需求?孩子有special needs? 宗教信仰?還是因為像我們這樣對於社區/疫情有安全考量,反正就是個決定,看妳覺得是不是適合你家的孩子
我單純只是覺得學區的課程對我來說有點浪費時間,畢竟小孩要學的東西很多,老母我沒有耐心一一盯著😂 希望有效率一點趕快完成。home school比較能針對個別孩子的需求去強化他擅長的領域或補足落後的科目,上課的方式完全由媽媽自己制定where, when and how
自學的教材比你我想像中還多,當然價位高低也不同,有幾家literacy教材很好但數學普通,有的數學好但歷史很無聊,建議不用買全餐,一家一家單點也不錯,每個小孩喜歡的也不同。像Blair就適合Abeka的螺旋式數學教學但Robbie就只吃AoPS這種跳躍性、重視覺的數學方案。網路上也有很多開箱文和評比值得參考喔!
我還是新手幼幼班菜鳥,目前還是跟著學區的課,沒有直接withdraw (但之後會申請改為part time students)
但是下課之後就以我自己制定的課表在學習(嗯⋯沒在管學校功課,只要有交就好,主要以媽媽的功課為重點)。學區其實在你file declaration 之後也有蠻多支援,還是可以參加學校限定時數的課程,所以沒什麼好擔心啦!
👉🏻如果想知道要不要開始?欸⋯只能問自己啊😂 我沒有答案,但很推薦盡量參與自學社團,有很多前輩分享寶貴經驗。
再來就是自己研究一下居住地區的「法律」,對,每一州不太一樣,我覺得WA算是比較麻煩的
(以下只是option 1,Homeschooling under the homeschool statute是我考慮的。還有option 2 Homeschooling with a private or denominational school 大家可以自己研究)
1. Meet the teacher qualifications.
You must be qualified to operate a homeschool program by either:
instructing only your child and being supervised by a certificated person (i.e., the certificated person and the parent together plan the educational objectives; the certificated person has a minimum average of one contact hour per week with the child; and the certificated person evaluates the child’s progress); or
instructing only your child and having either 45 college quarter credits or the equivalent in semester credits (approximately 30 semester credits, since one quarter credit equals two-thirds of a semester credit); or
instructing only your child and having completed a course in home-based education at a postsecondary institution or a vocational-technical institute (these courses generally do not require an extensive time commitment); or
instructing only your child and being “deemed sufficiently qualified to provide home-based instruction by the superintendent of the local school district.”
2. File a notice of intent.
You must annually file a signed declaration of intent to homeschool by September 15 or within two weeks of the beginning of any public school quarter, trimester, or semester. File with the local superintendent or with the superintendent of a nonresident district that accepts the homeschool student as a transfer student. The declaration must include the name and age of your child, specify whether a certificated person will be supervising the instruction, and be written in a format prescribed by the superintendent of public instruction. HSLDA has a declaration of intent form available for our members’ use, which you can find below.
3. Teach for the required number of days.
You must teach 180 days per year, or average 1,000 hours per year.
4. Teach the required subjects.
Your homeschool curriculum must include occupational education, science, math, language, social studies, history, health, reading, writing, spelling, and the development of an appreciation of art and music.
5. Conduct an annual assessment.
You have two options for the required annual assessments. The results of the assessment do not need to be submitted to the public schools but must be retained as part of your child’s permanent school record.
The assessment options are:
Ensure that a standardized test approved by the state board is administered annually to your child by a “qualified” person (i.e. anyone qualified by the test publisher to administer the test), or
Have your child evaluated by a certificated person.
歡迎有興趣一起自學的媽媽可以多交流,但我大概也沒有比大家懂更多就是了😂
僅此附上我新開張的 #羅比媽自學小教室 照片,目前只有兩個實驗生就是了~哈哈哈
child development assessment 在 Pakar diari hati Facebook 的最讚貼文
25 Info Berkaitan Disleksia di Malaysia
No. 24, anda pasti terkejut.
Namun no. 25 adalah info paling penting. 😅
1. Ramai ibu bapa mengesyaki anak mereka ada disleksia selepas melihat anak mereka sering menulis secara terbalik (mirror image).
2. Kanak-kanak disleksia mempunyai tahap kecerdasan IQ yang normal atau 'average'.
3. Masalah mereka hanya pada kemahiran membaca dan huruf. Dan perkara berkaitan penulisan. Mereka sukar menulis idea secara teratur di atas kertas. Ini perlu dibantu oleh guru.
4. Jika ada murid disleksia yang mempunyai masalah dengan nombor dan matematik. Itu ialah comorbidity disleksia dan discalculia. Untuk kumpulan ini, mereka termasuk dalam geng masalah pembelajaran yang pelbagai.
5. Apa yang pasti, kanak-kanak disleksia perlu menjalani ujian kecerdasan IQ untuk menambah keyakinan diagnosis kepada disleksia. IQ mereka adalah normal. Bukan below average..bukan poor atau lebih bawah daripada itu.
6. Umur yang sesuai untuk melakukan IQ test ialah 6 tahun.
7. Perlu jumpa Clinical Psychologist atau Child Psychiatrist untuk ujian IQ test ya. Bukan occupational therapists atau speech and language therapist. Untuk pengetahuan, guru psikologi dan kaunseling di sekolah tidak sama dengan clinical psychologist ya. Kelayakan profesionalisme mereka berbeza.
8. Diagnostic test atau ujian diagnostik belum mencukupi untuk mengesahkan anak anda ada masalah disleksia.
Ini bermaksud, anda perlu mendapat assessment daripada pelbagai ahli profesion kesihatan seperti terapis carakerja, terapis pertuturan bahasa, psikologis klinikal untuk mendapat pengesahan yang jitu daripada pakar/ specialist dalam development atau sewaktu dengannya. Child Psychiatrist, Developmental Specialist dan etc. 😄
9. Disleksia termasuk dalam kategori Specific Learning Difficulties dalam DSM-V untuk diagnosis.
10. Instrumen Saringan Disleksia (ISD) adalah saringan awal guru untuk mengesan murid Disleksia di sekolah rendah.
11. Ujian saringan disleksia di peringkat KPM iaitu ISD adalah senarai semak sahaja. Bukan assessment untuk IQ test dan ia tidak cukup untuk pengesahan diagnosis disleksia.
12. Kalau selepas buat IQ test, keputusannya below average atau poor. Itu kategori Intellectual Disability (ID). Bukan Dyslexia lagi dah.
13. Murid disleksia mendapat paling banyak kemudahan dalam peperiksaan awam Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia berbanding kategori diagnosis lain (sila rujuk Panduan Pengurusan Calon Berkeperluan Khas, Lembaga Peperiksaan). Syarat utama nak dapat kemudahan ini adalah mempunyai surat pengesahan doktor mengatakan murid ini didiagnos dengan disleksia. Lepas tu, boleh inform Setiusaha Peperiksaan di sekolah masing-masing.
14. Murid disleksia mula didiagnos pada umur 7-8 tahun atau kadangkala lebih lewat daripada itu.
15. Antara assessment yang telah dipatenkan untuk disleksia yang terkenal adalah Bangor Dyslexia Test, Dyslexia Early Screening Test, Dyslexia Screening Test-Junior (6-11 tahun) dan Dyslexia Screening Test-Secondary (12-16 tahun)
16. Murid dengan diagnosis disleksia layak memohon kad OKU dan menerima manfaat kad OKU seumur hidup. Elaun bulanan dan pelbagai lagi (boleh rujuk website JKM)
17. Kalau dah tua-tua perasan diri ada disleksia, tak payah lah buat assessment, sebab dah ada coping strategies sendiri untuk survive. 😁
18. Disleksia bukan sejenis penyakit yang memerlukan ubat. Mereka perlu belajar coping strategies.
19. Badan NGO yang diiktiraf oleh Kementerian Pendidikan untuk intervensi bagi murid disleksia ialah Persatuan Disleksia Malaysia (PDM). PDM menyediakan kelas 3 bulan untuk intervensi disleksia. Boleh rujuk website mereka. Cawangan PDM ada di seluruh negara.
20. Murid disleksia boleh mendapat pendidikan khas melalui Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) dan Program Pendidikan Inklusif (PPI). Keadaan ini bergantung kepada murid tersebut. Ada kes boleh masuk PPI, ada kes sesuai di PPKI. Ada kes perlu pembelajaran one to one. Semuanya bergantung kepada individu tersebut yang berbeza-beza walaupun diagnosisnya sama. Maka, di sini guru dan ibu bapa perlu bijak memberi peluang pendidikan kepada mereka.
21. Kalau di sekolah rendah, intervensi untuk murid disleksia lebih kepada untuk boleh membaca dan menulis. Sebab ini kelemahan utama mereka.
22. Kalau di sekolah menengah, murid disleksia perlu diajar coping strategies untuk menjalani kehidupan survive dalam pembelajaran dan kehidupan. Bergantung kepada keperluan mereka.
23. Filem berkaitan murid disleksia yang terkenal ialah Taare Zamen. Amir Khan berlakon. 😄 Filem ini kena tengok kalau sapa tak tengok lagi. Hehe.
24. Individu dengan disleksia yang terkenal dan kaya di Malaysia adalah Dato’ Alif Syukri Terlajak Laris. Jangan kecam beliau sangat sebab beliau adalah individu dengan disleksia. Ideanya terlalu banyak sampai tersasul semasa bercakap sampai tersilap dan sering dikecam ramai. 😅
25. Saya bukan pakar disleksia ya. Ini adalah perkongsian saya sebagai ahli terapi carakerja untuk murid berkeperluan khas termasuk murid disleksia 😊
Ramai sebenarnya yang request perkongsian berkaitan disleksia ini.
Semoga sedikit membantu untuk anda memahami disleksia.
Kredit : Mahfuzah Zainol
child development assessment 在 Pakar diari hati Facebook 的最佳解答
10 TOYS THAT PROMOTE SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Children spend most of their time in play, helping them understand their environment and interact with people. Nothing beats toys that children can hold and share with others. Thinking of toys to buy for your children? Check these toys that are easily available in stores near you.
1. Activity Board (6 to 12 months)
Babies at this stage are developing their motor skills and are continuing to explore through their senses. They also start to learn cause and effect. An activity board allows babies to manipulate and see the effect of each touch and turn.
2. Shape Sorter (1 to 1 ½ years)
At this age, babies have increased problem solving and actions on objects. Suggested toys include shape sorters, stacking rings, and ball and hammer. Parents can use these for language stimulation as well.
3. Cooking Set (1 ½ to 2 years)
Children start to engage in pretend play. With the cooking set, a child can pretend to do familiar everyday actions directed towards themselves (e.g. baby is drinking from a cup). Parents are encouraged to play with their child by naming actions they do (info talk), pretending (e.g. “Let’s eat chicken,” Yummy!”), asking questions (e.g. “Where’s the spoon?”) and expanding verbal productions (e.g. “You said eat? Let’s eat yummy chicken!”).
4. Mr. Potato Head (1 ½ to 2 years)
This toy is great for teaching the concept of body parts and actions. The toy also encourages early pretend play like feeding Mr. Potato Head, putting it to sleep, or giving him a bath.
5. Doll House (2 to 3 years)
Building and fixing the doll house encourages varied play combinations, a skill expected of 2-3 year old children. Children at this age show varied actions and use varied phrases and sentence combinations (e.g. “I put chair,” “Boy get milk”).
6. Doctor Set (2 to 3 years)
Children start to pretend using less-familiar events and take on more roles. A trip to the doctor is one memorable activity that you can recreate with toys. Actions done are more complex and varied (e.g. go to the doctor, get a check up, go home) and role reversals are common (e.g. “I’m the doctor and you’re the patient”).
7. Blocks (3 to 4years)
Blocks are open-ended toys that will lend for imaginative play. Children can use these to make houses, farms, vehicles, and more to create scenes for their play.
8. Action Figures (3 to 4 years)
Children are now exposed to more roles. They enjoy play that involves characters they see in the community (e.g. doctor, pilot) and on TV (e.g. superheroes). They also create dialogues while playing with it.
9. Art Materials (4 to 5 years)
Children mainly use language to set scenes. Paint, crayons, clay, glue, and other materials can pave the way for any theme or character that the child may want to use.
10. Board Games (5 years and above)
Since children are now entering the school age, they enjoy games that will challenge and hone their thinking. Board games such as Snakes and Ladders, Cadoo, Scrabble, Candyland, etc. are recommended. These games also promote good social interaction.
#betterhearingandspeechmonth
#bhsm
#communicationforall
#withcommunicareitspossible
References:
• Cohen, E. (2018, January 23). Learning Language Through Play • Tandem Speech Therapy, Austin, TX. Retrieved from https://www.tandemspeechtherapy.com/2018/01/04/learning-language-through-play/
• “Age-by-Age Guide to Toys!” Parents, 13 Dec. 2017, www.parents.com/fun/toys/kid-toys/toys-for-all-ages/.
• Westby, C. (1980). Assessment of Cognitive and Language Abilities Through Play. Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 11(3), p.154.