【交相輝映】
#物種
#保育
#展示與教育
談到現代動物園內的物種置換,不久前的我,認為那是一種妥協,一種退而求其次的無奈,但現在的我,更傾向將其視為一種概念與觀念上的昇華。
在新加坡野生動物保育集團(Wildlife Reserves Singapore)引以為傲的河川生態園中,花費眾多心力籌備、宣傳的亞馬遜洪溢林(Amazon Flooded Forest)可謂是最引人入勝的場館,除了大水獺(Pteronura brasiliensis)這一明星物種外,與亞馬遜魚類一同悠游在巨大水體中的海牛群更是河川園許多意義上的展示重心,可對於這樣的重量級貴賓,一向注重知識傳遞的河川園卻刻意沒有給出牠的明確身分,僅簡單的以海牛(Manatee)稱呼,可想而知,這群在無意識中扮演著亞馬遜海牛(Trichechus inunguis)的西印度海牛(Trichechus manatus)演員們,肯定肩負著重大的責任,以及責任背後的深刻考量。
除了原產地的南美諸國以外,現今世界上只有日本熱海的熱川香蕉鱷魚園飼養有亞馬遜海牛,歐洲地區的圈養紀錄更是得追溯到1970年代,這樣的時空背景意味著,新加坡若是想展出正港的亞馬遜海牛,有很大的概率得耗費大量資源從野外引進,但這並不符合現代動物園的行業規定,因為這樣的引入與從史瓦濟蘭購入非洲象不同,基本上對於個體乃至族群都不會帶來太大的益處。畢竟說實話,亞馬遜海牛目前面臨的問題,舉凡誤傷、過度獵捕及棲地的汙染破壞等等,#並不是能透過圈養來解決的,因為就算成功的建立了可以放歸的域外族群,也沒有合適的棲地能回去,所以,動物園若能從現有資源中找到如同西印度海牛這樣合適的替代選項,不但同樣能在觀賞與保育意識構築方面有所建樹、募資幫助野外族群,也避免的野生個體遭遇因運輸等過程導致的不必要的福利下降。
同樣的應用,可以在許多動物園針對大猩猩的策略上看到,雖然目前除了比利時的安特衛普動物園飼養的一隻雌性東部低地大猩猩(Gorilla beringei graueri)外,全世界的圈養個體都屬於西部低地大猩猩(Gorilla gorilla gorilla),但這不僅不妨礙動物園行業向遊客傳遞山地大猩猩甚至克羅斯河大猩猩的處境及保育資訊,遊園民眾對於野外族群的支持也沒有被落下,以美國的動物園為例,光是在2014年一年就從遊客身上募集了超過170萬美金的保育基金,並且實際在盧安達、剛果民主共和國、奈及利亞與咖麥隆等國家執行著大猩猩所有四個亞種的野外保育計畫與當地民眾、相關人士訓練教育,WCS旗下的布朗克斯動物園更是從1999年落成「剛果大猩猩雨林(Congo Gorilla Rainforest)」之後,為野外的大猩猩掙得了超過2000萬美金用於相關的各項域內保育支出。
在這之外,包含二趾樹懶與三趾樹懶、黑葉猴與金絲猴以及溫帶企鵝與寒帶企鵝甚至是單一物種與其生境內的生物夥伴,可以說現代動物園利用飼養技術成熟且域外族群穩定的替代方案做為媒介,使牠們分類、長相或者生態地位相似的野外夥伴獲得了現代社會的高度關注,進而帶動了在野外實際的保育作為,確確實實的體現出動物園內個體擔任「#保育大使」的作用,#保育教育並不且絕不僅限於園內的個體圈養這麼簡單。
當全世界有作為的動物園都在追求保育整合(One Plan Approach),試圖串連野生及圈養實現最大限度的保育時,圈養能發揮的作用就遠遠不只是以往所認為的「關起來生」,除了為野生採集的幼體提供保護到足以自力更生、訓練相關研究人員以及在穩定環境探究野外威脅的解決方法,將相似物種彼此連結交相輝映的運用在某些層面上或許也可說成是另類的關聯族群(meta-population),有助於動物園貫徹保育的理念,並在實踐面上去往更高的境界。
congo population 在 唐鳳粉絲團 Facebook 的最佳解答
New Renaissance
Big fortune comes with big purpose. Good fortune comes with good purpose. President Trump challenges one China policy that attracts global attention to Taiwan. Taiwan has suffered from diplomatic injustice since dropping out of UN in 1971. Diplomacy injustice is a lasting pain of Taiwan. We can help Taiwan to improve diplomatic injustice and attract huge donation that can be applied to create new technology, new industry and new economy for good purpose.
Taiwanese donated $252 million dollars to Japan tsunami in 2013. They surely can donate $300 million dollars in one year and $1 billion dollars in 3 years for reliable plan that can improve diplomatic injustice consistently
My plan is to recruit volunteer plaintiff, defendant and lawyer who will go to the court for the verdict that Taiwan is not a province of China. I can be one of the volunteers and we can easily find another two volunteers. The case will be finalized in couple months without appeal. The court and congress rep can enforce the verdict to change the attitude of bureaucrats in most nations and improve the status substantially. We can repeat the plan in many other nations
Taiwan has diplomacy with Vatican, the nation of the God besides other 20 nations. There are 2 Korea, 2 Congo and many Guinea in the UN that make 10 China in the UN is quite reasonable since China is bigger. Taiwan has no diplomacy with Nigeria but Taiwan liaison office has registered in the name of ROC, Taiwan and flown national flag in Nigeria. Nigeria model is accessible that we can attract huge donations from Taiwan communities.
We shall register Taiwan Diplomacy Foundation to disseminate the verdict and attract huge donation in Taiwanese communities. It will need investment of $200,000 dollars to attract $1 billion dollars donation in 3 years.
We can use some donation to sponsor direct democracy industry for $3 trillion revenue annual and New Life industry for $30 trillion dollars revenue annual. We can print new money for New Life Industry that can lift 10 times global GDP with new medicine, new politics and new economy for New Renaissance.
Election can’t unite a nation but can divide a nation according to experience in elections. In the World War II, Adolf Hitler didn’t invade Swiss who knew Swiss had been united tightly in direct democracy that made Swiss invincible. Direct democracy can bring global peace.
We can fabricate the platform of cloud conference for direct democracy that can create $3 trillion dollars revenue annually besides to lift 4 times global GDP. We can experiment in housing communities with cloud conference for direct democracy that will expand into a platform for global housing communities. The new platform also will attract global commercial activities like brand shops would like to open outlets in airports and stations.
Human life will be sustainable with implant body that can create New Life industry for $30 trillion dollars revenue annual. 100 million people die every year. They can live healthier and longer like drivers can change new cars by body implant. To drive a new car is easy but to have a new car is not easy.
Fortunately contemporary technology can convert skin cell into stem cell for embryo and human body eventually. It will not increase population dramatically as women can fall pregnant for commercial contracts are limited. Transplant human body is like to down load data into a new computer. 6 billion neutrinos pass human body per second that carry thoughts to form universe clouds.
Human is a robot of universe clouds. If we can observe with new frequency, we will find reincarnation is natural phenomenon we can imitate and develop new life industry. We can browse in universe clouds to see history and the future literally not mentioning to meet aliens from multiple dimensions.
Sustainable life can improve human intelligence and lift 10 times productivity to boom global economy. Killing will stop when we can bring back dead people in history. Human would pursue higher goal when life is not in a hurry. We don’t need to destroy environment for quick money when we can wait for good things to happen in a natural way.
Your company will become the largest enterprise and finance global new life service with new currency. Global banks would like to trade the new currency as everyone will need it to implant body.
I am an American citizen born in Taiwan. I can carry out the above mentioned 3 perspective plans for your company with limited investment. The new concept and new technology will ignite revolution for sustainable progress, prosperity and peace that will create New Renaissance for new civilization.
Proposed by: George Chang
Email: george980515@gmail.com
Phone 886-932-101-188
congo population 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最讚貼文
[時事英文] 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa (2014年西非伊波拉病毒)
老師自寫自錄的時事英文新聞,希望幫助大家更了解2014年西非伊波拉病毒疫情! 同學們,讓我們一起來了解國際大事吧!
錄音檔: https://soundcloud.com/eric-yang-51/ebola
Related video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBBE4UkeZKQ
Updates: https://goo.gl/YmnEkX
時事詞彙:
1. Ebola outbreak 伊波拉疾病暴發
2. officially recognized 官方認可
3. tend to occur 往往發生
4. remote village 偏遠的村莊
5. largest ever recorded outbreak 有史以來最嚴重的疾病突發
6. underway 正在進行
7. it is thought that…它被認為是...
8. host 寄主
9. forest antelope 森林羚羊
10. porcupine 豪豬
11. introduced into 引入
12. close contact 親密接觸
13. secretion 分泌
14. bodily fluids 體液
15. spread through 通過傳播
16. human-to-human transmission 人對人的傳播
17. direct contact 直接接觸
18. contaminated 污染
19. incubation/latency period 潛伏期
20. ranges from…to… 範圍從...到...
21. infectious 傳染病
22. develop symptom 症狀發展
23. the sudden onset of 突然發病
24. fever fatigue 發熱乏力
25. vomit 嘔吐
26. diarrhea 腹瀉
27. rash 皮疹
28. symptoms of 症狀
29. impaired kidney and liver function 受損的腎臟和肝功能
30. hemorrhagic fever 出血熱
31. fatal in between 50-90% of cases 死亡病例中50-90%之間
32. specific treatment 具體的治療
33. vaccine 疫苗
34. reported cases 報告病例
35. fatality rate 病死率
36. trace the current outbreak to 追蹤目前疫情
37. rapidly spread 迅速蔓延
38. neighboring countries 周邊國家
39. suspected cases 疑似病例
40. vastly underestimated 大大低估
41. receive treatment 接受治療
42. the number of new cases 新發病例數
43. reach 到達
44. compared with 相比
45. over the course of 以上的過程
46. epidemic 疫情
47. survival rate 存活率
48. eroded the economies 蠶食經濟
49. economic impact 經濟影響
50. ravage 蹂躪
51. acute 急性
52. public health emergency 緊急公共衛生事件
53. afflicted countries 受災國
54. never before in recorded history 歷史記錄上從未出現
55. pathogen 病原體
56. broad geographical area 廣闊的地理區域
57. provision of basic protective gear 提供基本防護裝備
58. surgical masks 外科手術口罩
59. disinfectant 消毒劑
60. trained staff 訓練有素的工作人員
61. treatment centers 治療中心
62. tackle 解決
63. contain Ebola 控制伊波拉病毒
英文稿全文:
In March 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a major Ebola outbreak in Guinea, a western African nation. The disease, caused by the Ebola virus, was first officially recognized in 1976 in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. These outbreaks tended to occur in remote villages close to tropical rainforests in Central Africa. However, the largest ever recorded outbreak is currently underway in three countries in West Africa, where the virus has not previously been reported.
It is thought that fruit bats are natural Ebola virus hosts and the virus affects other forest animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, forest antelopes and porcupines. Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of these infected or dead animals in the rainforest. Once a person is infected, the virus can then spread through human-to-human transmission. Surfaces and materials such as bedding and clothing contaminated with these fluids have also been found to spread the disease.
The incubation period of Ebola ranges from 2 to 21 days. Humans are not infectious until they develop symptoms, which include the sudden onset of fever fatigue, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, symptoms of impaired kidney and liver failure. Some patients may develop a rash, red eyes, hiccups, and both internal and external bleeding. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is fatal in between 50-90% of cases. Before March 2014, there had been about 2,200 reported cases with 1,500 deaths. No specific treatment or vaccine has yet been developed.
Researchers traced the current outbreak to a two-year old child who died in December 2013. The disease then rapidly spread to neighboring countries and is the largest Ebola outbreak ever to be documented. By 10 October, over 8,000 suspected cases and 4,000 deaths had been reported; however, the World Health Organization has said that these numbers may be vastly underestimated. Aside from the human cost, the outbreak has severely eroded the economies of the afflicted countries. Financial reports have suggested the economic impact of the outbreak could kill more people than the virus itself.
To combat Ebola, two things are urgently needed. The first is the rapid provision of basic protective gear such as gloves, gowns, surgical masks and disinfectant. The second is for trained staff to run and work in Ebola treatment centers. In August, the WHO estimated that it would take roughly nine months and $490 million to contain Ebola. Now it estimates the cost has risen to over $1 billion. The longer the world waits to tackle Ebola, the harder and costlier it will be to contain the outbreak.
Sources:
http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21618783-world-still-acting-too-slowly-stop-ebola-chasing-rolling-snowball
http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/11/health/ebola-fast-facts/
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/15/world/africa/ebola-epidemic-who-west-africa.html
http://nathnac.org/pro/misc/PHE_EBOLA_FACT.pdf
http://www.healio.com/infectious-disease/emerging-diseases/news/print/infectious-disease-news/%7Ba8f2ad39-3d41-4e32-857b-54845f62905d%7D/epidemic-in-west-africa-the-mystery-infection-known-as-ebola-virus-disease
Image Source:
http://blogs-images.forbes.com/jvchamary/files/2014/10/africa_cases.png
相關字彙:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/rl5q4d4i64kxpvn/HBHC.pdf
congo population 在 LIVE: Pope Francis makes first papal visit to Democratic ... 的推薦與評價
Up to half of Congo's population of 80 million are members of the Catholic Church, which has considerable influence in the political and ... ... <看更多>