最近,我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡,向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲,工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降,但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現,但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。
以下是專欄文章全文,經TIME授權翻譯轉載:
「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」
多年來,中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」,即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年,大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式,全年產值高達3.854萬億美元,占到全球市場近三分之一。
但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」,是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇,疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧(AI)的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來,中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國,至今維持全球領先。在學術領域,中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量,也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面,AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區,具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放,整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲,AI賦能傳統行業的能量,正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。
人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命:蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信,AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎,在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革,而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮,將由中國來引領實踐。
由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩,中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力,AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本,提高生產效率,擴大整體產能,還有望能帶來收入的增長。
例如,創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司,極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡,用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國,應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。
一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司,他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作,憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累,用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程,同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。
除了創業公司,我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車,這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車,並且無需對運行環境進行改造,能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外,擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團,與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作,已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。
接著會發生什麼?我大膽預見,在更長遠的未來,機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復,甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計,使用預製建築模塊,交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統,能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。
這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年,但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是,中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上,而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。
本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯,原文如下:
China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI
BY KAI-FU LEE
For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.
But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.
As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.
Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.
For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.
Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.
It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.
Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.
It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.
Source:https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/
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economic crop 在 泰國粉絲大本營 Thailandfans Forum Facebook 的最佳解答
有關泰國米在香港銷售的事情請看看駐港商務領事的這篇文章
https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2663493017082947&id=483913338374270
THE ROYAL THAI GOVERNMENT CALLED FOR INTERNAL MEETING TO DISCUSS SITUATION ON SENSITIVE COMMODITIES and RICE UNDER IMPACT OF COVID-19
As the outbreak of COVID-19 escalates around the world, the Ministry of Commerce of the Royal Thai Government had called for an internal meeting to discuss supply situation and marketing plan for sensitive commodities under impact of COVID-19, such as processed food, rice, swine & poultry, fruits, tapioca, alcohol gel, masks and logistic services, etc.
Meanwhile, as rice is the daily essential to not only local but international consumers, Thai Rice Exporters Association (TREA) together with both government (Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Agriculture) and private sectors such as Rice Mill Association and Thai Farmers Association had carried out a meeting with intention to sustain a stable market and marketing plan.
Many countries are heavily dependent on importation as the local production capacity is declining. In order to fulfill local demand, some countries are trying to persuade trading partners with high domestic productivity such as Thailand, Vietnam and India to sign an agreement for not to impose ban on rice exports during the pandemic of the virus COVID-19.
After the meeting, Mr. Charoen Laothamata (President of TREA) and Mr. Chookiat Ophaswongse (Honorary President of TREA) announced there is enough rice in stock for locals of over 4 million tons paddy rice available that can sustain for at least 7-8 months local consumption.
The 1st crop Thailand started to harvest approximate only at 20% from the total of 5 million tons of paddy rice, with another 3 million tons paddy rice starting to harvest in August, which will be harvest as the 2nd crop. As of Jan-Feb of 2020, the Kingdom had exported only 900,000 tons of rice when compare with previous year more than a million tons due to world economic decline.
TREA revealed that Thai rice had exported increasingly to Hong Kong and Singapore. Yet, that amount of export is still a small figure and does not affect domestic rice consumption. The association needs to wait and see the production in the 2020/2021 season next year affected by the drought problem each year. The expected harvest volume should not be too much lower in compare to this year. The average is 17 to 18.5 million tons of rice annually in result partly from reduced rice planting areas in line with government’s policies.
Mr. Charoen also agreed that the price of rice in this period may increase slightly between 10-20 baht. It is not because of people stockpiling but it is in result from the small amount of rice production this year. Due to the low production rate, rice mills buy rice from farmers at a higher price. Previously, white rice was purchased at 6,500-7,000 baht per ton while now it had been increased to 8,000-9,000 baht per ton.
During the interview with Mr. Charoen by Thai media last week, he pointed that there is nothing to worry about under current situation and there is a lot of rice stock available while there would be another 18.5 million metric tons milled rice which is in harvest process. “Though we are making a little bit lower in compare to last year (20 million metric tons milled rice) due to the drought problem, there is certainly no shortage on supply as Thailand averagely exports 750,000 metric tons of rice along with 800,000-850,000 metric tons for domestic consumption and another 200,000 metric tons will be used in the industrial sector per month” said by Mr. Charoen.
TREA once again stressed that there is no shortage of supply on Thai Rice and urged the government to facilitate the logistic systems for rice distribution. At the same time, the association shall monitor closely on the situation to ensure stable supply.
For Hong Kong market, as the outbreak of COVID-19 continues around the globe, panic buying once again hit Hong Kong market over the past weekend. Representatives from rice segment in Hong Kong had stepped up to clarify that supply is definitely stable in Hong Kong, trying to convince local not to stock up rice at home and stressed that it is only the matter of refilling at local retail spots. In fact, the supply is more than enough in the city.
Ref:
https://www.komchadluek.net/news/scoop/425049…
economic crop 在 DjFiat LinkCorner Facebook 的最讚貼文
สูตรแห่งความสำเร็จ
#เรื่องของพ่อ
ย้อนกลับไปช่วงเริ่มต้นโครงการหลวงใหม่ๆ ในหลวงเคยมีพระราชดำรัสแก่สมาชิกสโมสรโรตารีเมื่อปี 2513 ถึงสูตรความสำเร็จของการปฎิบัติงานบริการชุมชน จึงขอหยิบยกสมการพระราชทานนี้มาถ่ายทอดให้ทุกคนรับทราบกัน
*เนื่องจากพระบรมราโชวาทเป็นภาษาอังกฤษ จึงขออนุญาตแปลเรียบเรียงแบบสรุปความ ใครอยากอ่านต้นฉบับ เราแนบมาให้แล้วด้านล่างค่ะ
"การหาเงินไม่ได้เป็นปัญหา ปัญหาอยู่ที่จะใช้เงินอย่างไรให้เหมาะสมและเกิดประโยชน์สูงสุด ในการนี้จึงขอพูดถึงสูตร 3M และ สมการ M1+M2+M3 = Success (ความสำเร็จ) ซึ่ง
M1 แทน Money (เงิน)
M2 แทน Men (คน)
และ M3 แทน Method (วิธี)
M1 ถูกใช้โดย M2 ด้วย M3
M1 คือเงินบริจาคที่ได้มาจากสมาชิกโรตารีและพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว
M2 คือทีมผู้ร่วมงาน ซึ่งเป็นอาสาสมัครจากทุกสายอาชีพ ตั้งแต่นักเศรษฐศาสตร์ที่เป็นอดีตรัฐมนตรี กระทั่งเจ้าหน้าที่ตำรวจที่เป็นครูในหมู่บ้านม้ง ทุกคนล้วนมาด้วยจิตอาสาในยามว่างจากงานประจำ ยอมไปที่ห่างไกลและเสี่ยงภัย ไม่หวังแม้เงินตอบแทนและความก้าวหน้าทางการงาน
M3 คือวิธีทำงาน หลักสำคัญคืออย่าให้ยุ่งยาก เน้นให้ความช่วยเหลือเร็ว และตรงจุดที่สุดเท่าที่จะเป็นไปได้ ไม่มีขั้นตอนหรือพิธีรีตองอะไรให้วุ่นวาย เปิดประชุมได้ตั้งแต่ในนา หน้าน้ำตก หรือแม้แต่ระหว่างเยี่ยมราษฎรตามหมู่บ้าน ตามที่ได้เกิดขึ้นเมื่อคราวลูกท้อ ที่สวนสองแสน ณ ดอยปุย (ที่เพจเราได้นำเสนอไปเมื่อวันก่อน)
ในส่วนของสวนสองแสน จากการปฏิบัติงานที่ลดขั้นตอนยุ่งยากจำพวกการอนุมัติงบประมาณ, ขั้นตอนการเห็นชอบจาก ส.ส., การแต่งตั้งคณะทำงาน ทำให้ประหยัดเวลาจัดตั้งสถานีทดลองเพื่อช่วยเหลือชาวเขาไปได้มากถึง 3-4 ปี
#สานต่อที่พ่อทำ
--------------
Anyway, I do not think that finding the money is such a big problem. The problem is HOW to spend it properly, to get the best out of the money spent.
In this problem, three Ms are involved (no reference to recording tape), and the formula is M 1 + M 2 + M 3 = Success.
M 1 is the money, M 2 is Men and M 3 stands for method.
M 1 is used by M 2 with M 3.
M 1 has been provided by donations extracted from your pockets and mine. M 2 are the men, and women, who participate in our work. They are chosen from all walks of life and different professions. From the economist who used to be a Minister of State to the police constable who is a teacher in the Meo village. They are all volunteers, no special pay nor career advancement. They are willing to go to remote, difficult regions, exposed to many kinds of danger. They normally go in their free time, that is mostly on Saturdays and Sundays.
When a team of agricultural experts, land developers or doctors go to visit the hill villages, they use an Air Force of police helicopter. The pilots are those who fly and fight in Chiengrai and Nan, and who are in Chiengmai for a well carned rest.
Coming to M 3, the method of work, simplicity is the key principle. It is to give assistance as quickly and directly as possible. No red tape. No committee was formally set up, so no prolonged session was necessary. Consultations were made in the field, sometimes at lunch near a waterfall, of while visiting a hill village. This is exactly what happened in the case of the experimental station on Doi Pui, Chiengmai. We were inspecting some wild peach trees near a Meo village and were discussing that, to increase the income of the tribesmen, it was imperative to introduce better varieties of cash crop. The cash crops, if successfully introduced, could gradually replace opium and hopefully become the main source of the hill tribe’s income, I am saying this not because of a moral or law-abiding motive, but strictly for economic reason. You see, the hill tribe is already aware of the diminishing economic value of opium. Early this year, while visiting some Meo villages in Chiengmai, I asked the Meos how much a family earned in average from the annual selling of opium. The answer was 3,000 to 5,000 Baht. When asked how much the annual selling of fruits would bring, the reply was that local variety of peaches would bring 4,000 to 12,000 Baht I. It was then that we thought we had the answer. We could improve the wild fruits, such as local peaches, by grafting. We could also choose other fruits which are high-priced and in great demand, such as apples, pears and chestnuts. In fact, there is a great number of wild trees and other plants that could be used, including some medicinal herbs. These present no marketing problem. And the hill tribe will not have to compete with the lowland as the crops cannot be grown successfully there.
It was therefore decided that an experimental station should be set up to conduct researches on cultivation and grafting of temperate zone trees and plants. The official way would require drafting of the programme, budget, cabinet approval, selection of personnel, appointments, etc. The site of the experimental station would have to be selected and purchased, the crops bought and planted. Then we would have to wait for three or four years before the trees are fully grown and ready for the research.
As it happened, we did not have to wait for three of four years. A plantation, located at 3,000 feet above sea level, and with some of the required, full-grown crops, was purchased for 200,000 Baht. Also 40,000 Baht were set aside for the running expenses.
The plantation was transformed into the experimental station which immediately went to work.
economic crop 在 Kento Bento Youtube 的最佳解答
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[THESE EVENTS WILL HAPPEN IN ASIA BEFORE 2050]
So far on this channel, we’ve only ever talked about current or past events.
Well not anymore, because this video is about the future. We’ll be covering the major events that will happen in Asia leading up to the year 2050. Of course, predicting such events is extremely difficult, but we can always give our best estimates based the information we currently have.
We will cover the following:
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- Decline in homosexual discrimination particularly Middle East
- 100th anniversary of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki
- Japan's population drops below 100 million due to low birth rate
- Pakistan and India celebrate 100th anniversary of independence
- One Country Two Systems agreement for Hong Kong & Macau expires
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