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哈佛知識分享:《做生意的三個 S》 - 七集介紹、第一及第二集。做生意有三個 S: Survive (生存), Sustain (持續), and Succeed (成功). 全文內容:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1grPxQjlN7OUFarSI3KYLgbQL1-7Bw3-X3uPTqV9_mZA/edit?usp=drivesdk。。。。。。。My hobby 《星期六早餐會》! 七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying Michael Porter to your business: How to compete and win! 哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏? 講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。7月/8/9月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwinwww.edwinlee.com.hkwww.bwfund.com 聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143。。。。。。。1. 先講生存 survive - 即係收入多過支出。連錢都賺唔到，日日蝕做乞衣，唔好講嘢。 絕大部分生意，五年內都係生存唔到! 2. 再講持續性 sustain - 持續地賺到錢，持續地收入多過支出，Sustaining 養活咗99%中小企， 但佢哋永遠都係中小企 ，因為可能幾十年業績都浮浮沉沉! 3. 要成功就講 Succeed, I mean become really really Super Successful - How to win? 就要講策略 Strategy. Do you have a strategy? 你做生意有無策略? 根據哈佛最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter  The first test of a strategy is whether your value proposition is different from your rivals. If you are trying to serve the same customers and meet the same needs and sell at the same relative price, then you dont have a strategy.  如果你嘅價值主張係同你嘅競爭對手一樣， 即係話你服務緊同一班客， 解決緊同一問題， 收緊差唔多價錢的話， 哈佛教授米高波特就講你係「人做你做」，你「無策略」 。 長遠，你唔會賺大錢! You can only sustain, but cannot be super successful! 咁應該點? Understanding Michael Porter! 何謂競爭? 何謂策略? 如何勝出?  What is competition? What is strategy? How to win? Michael Porter 相信係仲在生最出名嘅大學策略教授， 佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porters Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 1980提出嘅 Four Generic Strategies (四個一般策略)， 1985年再提出嘅 Value-Chain Analysis (價值鏈分析)， 讀過任何 business school 嘅同學都應該學過。 佢今年已經七十四歲， 唔知仲可以教多幾耐書，有幸我2017年去哈佛大學親身上過佢課程，畢生受用。今次我就一連七集，同你分享呢本書 Understnding Michael Porter。(1) Competition, whats the right mindset? 你應該點諗「競爭」? (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? (3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你有競爭優勢? (4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?(5) The trade-offs. 要「取」得更多，就要「捨」得更多。 做生意如何「取捨」? (6) Fit. 成間公司要言行一致! 全部力要向同一個方向走。(7) Continuity. 持續性，無得急! 路遙知馬力!有興趣聽多啲，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下一集同你先講 (1) What is competition?  whats the right mindset? 乜嘢係「競爭」? 你應該點諗「競爭」?第一集:哈佛知識分享:《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? Whats the right mindset? 一連七集: 今集同你先講《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? Whats the right mindset? 做生意你可以 Me Too, Me Better 或者 .... Me What? 乜嘢? 等陣再講。Me too, 就係「人做你做」， 你要贏，只能夠鬥平!  同一碟乾炒牛河， 如果一樣味道，你就係要賣平啲，人哋先幫襯你。Me better，就係你做得叻啲，你做得好啲、快啲、靚啲、新啲， 咁你就可以收貴啲! 你碟乾炒牛河，真材實料的，好味啲，就可以賣貴啲。可惜前兩者，都係一個零和遊戲。 你贏，就人哋輸。 人哋贏，就你輸。個餅係得咁大，你日日講 market share (市場佔有率)，但無新行業價值製造過， 個餅冇大到。根據哈佛策略教授 Michael Porter， 做生意除咗 Me Too, Me Better, 你要盡量做到 NOT Me Best ... but ME ONLY. Be unique! 你做生意必需具獨特性。佢話做生意 there is simply NO BEST! 冇話「最好」，因為唔同人客有唔同需要，你嘅產品啱，他們自然有需求。你要「創造需要」! 包括我在內， 之前香港都無「商舖基金」，買賣舖只有鬥平鬥靚。 但如果間鋪又要靚，又賣得平，硬係無錢賺。唯有靠大市升。但萬一唔升? 一個社運/肺炎，馬上個個炒家/投資者停晒。 依家個市好啲， 馬上「短炒」出返曬嚟。 但我覺得做生意係唔可以靠個市升去賺錢。 要個市跌，甚至乎大跌，都搵到食，咁先至係一盤生意。 容許我好自豪地講，社運/肺炎後，我哋買入咗31間香港街舖，沽出咗11間，合共約港幣7.9億嘅街舖，沽得嘅，間間賺錢，論宗數及論回報，都係同期全港 by far，I mean really really by far 最多!  我哋點做? 就係因為我哋行咗 Michael Porter 所講嘅，Be Unique ... be ME ONLY. 根據呢本書，Understanding Michael Porter, 佢講 whats the right mind-set for competition? 你應該點諗競爭? 盡量得，你應該諗 Not be the the best, but be unique。 唔係要做到最好，而係做到最獨特。Not be number 1, but earn higher returns. 唔係要做到第一，而係要多啲回報，賺多啲錢! Not focus on market share, but focus on profits. 唔係要市佔率，係要利潤。Not serve the best customer with best product, but meet the diverse needs of target customers. 唔係要「最好」嘅產品，畀「最好」嘅客。而係 用唔同嘅產品，滿足唔同顧客嘅需求。Not compete by imitation, but compete by innovation. 唔係人做你做，而係要創新! Not ZERO SUM game, but POSITIVE SUM. 唔係「零和遊戲」、互相廝殺， 而係大家從不同層面創造價值， 可以有好多個贏家。記住競爭，唔代表你一定要贏人。 打到兩敗俱傷，又有乜意思呢?  如果即使你打唔打低人，自己能夠賺多啲錢，咁又 why not? 點解要去打低人呢? Strategy explains how an organization, faced with competition, will achieve superior performance. The definition is deceptively simple. by Michael Porter. 好的策略，就係能夠解釋到點解有競爭對手環境下，你公司依然能夠達致較高回報。Operation effectiveness is different from having a good strategy. 有高嘅營運效率，唔代表有好嘅策略。Michael Porter 話 Operation effectivness 就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面係咁跑咁， 無論你點跑得快，你都只係繼續喺個圈入面。 你可以勤力啲、做得快啲、做得好啲，但始終你繼續都係喺個圈入面。但有好嘅策略，a good strategy , 就能幫你跳出呢個圈，帶去你想去嘅地方。If rivals all pursue the one best way to compete, they will find themselves on collision course. by Michael Porter「如果所有競爭對手，都朝著一個「做到最好」的方向競爭， 大家只會撞到頭破血流。」Strategic competition means choosing a path different from that of others.  by Michael Porter「策略性競爭是指揀一條同競爭對手唔同的路。」好似間茶餐廳咁， 你可以炒餸快啲，上菜快啲，服務好啲，埋單走多兩轉， 但係始終都係一間茶餐廳，只係做緊 Me Too 或者 Me Better. 人哋唔去你嗰間，就去另一間，係一個「零和遊戲」。 無論你點做得快啲、好啲，競爭對手一樣都會嘗試追上。 無策略，你會跑得好辛苦。 喺個圈入面繼續跑來跑去。另一種諗法，或者你可以把間茶餐廳， 變成專做外賣， 加埋其他餐廳上你平台， 加下加下，變下變下，變成間 Deliveroo。同前者一樣，大家都係做食，但你專做外賣，咁你會唔會係 more unique? 更獨特! Earn higher returns， compete by innovation AND 做大啲個餅 positive sum game 呢? 會唔會有原本唔想食茶餐廳嘅人，都叫咗外賣返屋企食呢? Deliveroo 依家倫敦上市嘅市值係超過500億港幣， 試問有幾多間茶餐廳或飲食集團能做到呢?唔想咁大改變? 試想想賣漢堡包。 麥當勞係全球最大快餐店，唔駛講。 佢嘅漢堡包係賣得最快，最多! 但你識唔識呢個女人? Lynsi Snyder. In-N-Out Burger 第三代接班人。Michael Porter 話相比起麥當勞，佢唔係要最快最大最多，In-N-Out Burger 係要最新鮮嘅食材，never frozen, never microwaved，最有傳統風味，最具 family tradition 家族色彩， 餐牌/秘方基本上70年都不變過。McDonald / Burger King 餐牌有超過80樣嘢揀，佢只得少過15。 佢要嘅係家庭傳統 family tradition！ 佢係要做少啲，做好啲，每人分多啲。雖然每間分店都賺到錢， 以舖比舖，平均每間In-N-Out Burger 舖嘅營業額係每年450萬美金，高過麥當勞的舖平均每年260萬美金，高出七成。每間 In-N-Out 舖嘅 Profit margin 估計高達20％，比同行競爭對手亦高出一倍， 佢就係要特登開少啲，開慢啲。用咗70年時間， 只係開咗三百幾間，全部自己直接經營兼自置物業， 為咗容易管理，絕大部分分店都係喺美國西岸。 佢每開一間分店往往啲人都要大排長龍， 有人揸幾個鐘頭車，甚至乎搭飛機/酒店過夜專登去食。...... 因為每間舖賺到錢，個個員工人工都特別高。例如，根據網上薪酬統計網站   Glassdoor.com，In-N-Out Burger 嘅 Store Manager 店長平均人工加花紅，係年薪美金16萬3千元。 麥當勞? 係美國只係4萬4千美金。In-N-Out Burger 高出近3倍。 最基層員工，人工都比市場高出5成。人工高，自然員工做耐啲，平均Store Manager 店長都做17年，員工上下一家人感覺強啲，對人客笑容自然多啲，服務好啲。比起麥當勞，佢哋唔係鬥快鬥多。In-N-Out Burger 每個客往往都要等成起碼十分鐘先有漢堡包食。提起 Mobile ordering 手機落單， 咁啲人客唔使等咁耐? 聽下佢 CEO Lynsi Snyder 點講? ...... Be definition of Michael Porter, In-N-Out Burger is pursuing a different path from that of others. 行緊條自己嘅路。Be unique! Not to be number 1, but to earn higher returns. Not to focus on market share, but on profit.  唔同嘅客有唔同需求，既然自己回報可以高啲，點解需要打低競爭對手呢? Positive Sum Game, 個餅係做大咗!  雖然佢聲稱永遠都唔搞 franchise，永遠唔搞上市，全部自己親自經營，根據2021年福布斯富豪榜，In-N-Out 第三代老闆 Lynsi Snyder 身家現有36億美金，係榜內最年輕女士。 麥當勞嘅創辦人呢? 都唔知去咗邊度! 你呢? 你又打算點樣同人競爭? 記住，Michael Porter 話:In the vast majority of businesses, there is simply no such thing as the best. 絕大部分嘅生意， 冇嘢叫做絕對嘅「最好」! BE UNIQUE. 做到 ME ONLY! Winning without beating others! 「唔使打低競爭對手都勝出!」咁先至係「贏」嘅最高境界。有興趣聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? 有時間就睇埋幾年前 CBS 對In-N-Out Burger 嘅報導，家族經歷過幾次嘅悲劇，依家留到第三代，佢哋嘅堅持可能亦對你做生意有所啟發。第二集:哈佛知識分享: What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. Its to earn profits. 競爭，最重要唔係要打低競爭 對手，而係要賺錢!  - My favorite quote from Michael Porter. 今次一連七集同你講 Michael Porter. 上集同你講咗《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? Whats the right mindset? 今集同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? 巴菲特 Warren Buffett 曾經講過: “When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.”當好聲譽嘅經理， 遇上差回報聲譽嘅行業，通常係行業嘅聲譽會繼續留低。因此我經常話「先揀行業，後諗點做!」 做生意就好似賽馬比賽咁，要勝出，行業就係隻馬，老闆就係個騎師。 隻馬識飛嘅，騎師煲兩口煙都能勝出， 如果佢再加把勁， 鞭多兩下，咁就不得了， 可能賺到盤滿缽滿! 但如果隻馬係跛嘅，唔通騎師跑埋一份咩?! 咁就騎師唯有先要醫番好隻馬，再去比賽， 咁勝出機會率才更大。但如何分析隻馬 (即係個行業) fit 唔 fit? 根據哈佛大學最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter，佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porters Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 從五個層面分析個行業得唔得， 亦都係可以就住呢五個層面加強隻馬嘅競爭力。分別係: (1) Bargaining Power of Buyers 買家的議價能力。 (2) Bargaining Power of Suppliers 供應商的議價能力。(3) Barriers to Entry 入行門檻。 (4) Threat of Substitutes 代替品的威脅。 (5) Internal Rivalry 內部競爭的激烈程度。 近年好多人提出，應再加多第6個: (6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在。 要賺錢就係希望價錢 (Price) 高過成本 (Cost)， 相差越大，你就賺錢越多。 但你要賺錢，你要知道你唔單止係同你競爭對手爭緊， 你同一時間係同緊你嘅買家、供應商、代替品、及潛在入行競爭者爭! 逐個逐個同你講，因為: (1) 越大買家的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Buyers，就會把你價錢越撳低， 因為買家佢哋會講價，所以唔可以太依賴某個買家。 一般嚟講，如果最大嘅客戶佔你超過10%營業額，或者最大五個客戶佔你25%或以上營業額， 你就有customer concentration risk, 過份客戶集中的風險。 因為你好怕佢哋走， 佢哋議價能力就自然提升。 好多廠，某個歐美大客訂單都分分鐘佔咗超過一半生意額， 因此經常畀人牽住鼻子走，好多嘢做，但賺唔到錢。Powerful buyers will force prices down or demand more value in the product, thus capturing more of the value for themselves. by Michael Porter 「議價能力強嘅買家，會把價格推低或者對產品要求提升， 從而買家自己得到更大價值。」包括我自己在內， 前排某大美資基金，管理美金資產幾百億，話同俾我幾十億同我合作投資商舖，但條件多多， 又呢樣又嗰樣 ... 唔只一間，仲有好多其他，我全部 say No。 就係因為我唔想過份依靠某大客，當我無本事。 我想細細間，慢慢增長，玩耐啲。遠遠好過霎時間爆發得太快，遲早市況一逆轉就爆鑊。我成日話，我每季只係希望集資港幣6000萬，加我自己 top up 25%， 冇咁大個頭，唔好戴咁大頂帽 。我自己個 fund 每季集資，每年淨資產增長四五億港幣，每個月拉勻買入港幣5000萬街舖，沽2000萬，Im happy! 買下買下，好快就買足1000間街舖。要依賴就依賴我自己，信得過多好多。為咗增長，你又有冇過份依賴某個或幾個大客呢? 如果佢哋鏈你或者執咗，你又會點呢?仲有， 唔單止客人大，佢哋嘅議價能力先至強。如果你嘅產品係市場係冇乜差異化， no differentiation, 人做你做， me too strategy, 個個都係度格價的話，佢哋買家議價能力都係好強。因為人哋平一蚊，佢哋就走咗，buyers are very price sensitive, 你為咗留客，唯有減價。因此，you have to be different， 同其他競爭對手有所唔同， 咁即是你加價，買家都留低幫襯你。 但問心，你盤生意同人哋又有幾唔同呢? (2) 越大供應商的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Suppliers，就會把你成本提升，因為供應商佢哋會加價。員工、舖嘅業主都係間茶餐廳嘅供應商。 銀行就係財務公司嘅供應商， 我最大嘅供應商就係嗰班沽舖嘅業主， 因為每個月我洗緊五千萬入貨。Powerful suppliers will charge higher prices or insist on more favorable terms, lowering industry profitability. by Michael Porter 「議價力強嘅供應商，會收貴啲價錢，或者要求更有利嘅條款 ，導致降低成個行業嘅利潤率。」香港好多生意都係代理某品牌/產品或 franchise (特許經營)開始，佢哋都係供應商。但如果咁多年不斷都只係靠做代理/franchise，好就好，萬一外國某品牌易手或同第二代唔啱，咁就大鑊。Michael Porter 話，如果 switching cost (轉換成本)係高嘅， 例如果佢哋要重新當地請人 、重新開舖、重新鋪設個網絡，供應商都可能焗住留低，佢哋嘅 bargaining power (議價能力)會下降。 但如果， 一下子終止代理或 franchise 協議，就所有嘢歸佢，咁你就大鑊! 供應商嘅議價能力極強， 就好似香港嘅7-11咁。7-11而家在香港開到一千間分店，當中大約400間係特許經營。話就話係特許經營比創業者創業，實質上所有嘢都係歸牛奶公司 (7-11母公司)， 加盟者其實只係攞住嚿錢打份工， 話走就走，人客都唔知發生乜事。 問心，你同我都唔知邊間7-11是嗰400間特許經營。咁樣供應商的議價能力 bargaining power of supplier 就極強。 因此， 我認識好多711的加盟者， 勤力守規矩一定搵到食，但發達，住山頂洋樓養番狗?! 我 so far 仲未聽過。做生意目標，根據 Michael Porter, 就係要把你嘅供應商議價能力降低。 從多啲唔同渠道入貨，流程盡量標準化，好似大家樂/McDonalds 咁，咁對員工既依賴程度亦都會降低。 做代理嘅，就 make sure 即使唔做，啲人物、網絡係歸你。 我識好多朋友，都係一面做代理，另一邊就建立自己品牌， 打長短棍做生意。 代理係短棍(賺錢)，自己品牌係長棍(投資)，睇長線。你又打算點降低你對供應商嘅依賴程度， 增強你自己嘅議價能力呢? (3) 越低入行門檻 Barrier of Entry 就會把你價錢下降及成本提升， 因為多人入嚟爭，自然大家都減價促銷及加價搶人搶貨。Entry barriers protect an industry from newcomers who would add new capacity. by Michael Porter 入行門檻會減低新加入者增加產量。 產量多，自然價格下跌。 向供應放入貨都會多咗，亦都會搶高來貨價。 因此做生意嘅你，就要盡將個入行門檻提升。主要有三方法: (1) 做到好大，有規模經濟(economies of scale)， 咁你每件貨生產嘅平均成本就會下降，即是規模報酬遞增(increasing returns to scale)， 咁競爭對手就好難入嚟同你爭。(2) 做到好專， 只要你有某專業知識，人客就會好依賴獨有技能。 例如我自己唔單止淨係投資地產，我係專買街舖。 我唔單止係領展/黑石等大地產基金，大我唔夠他們大，但我係專買香港五六千萬以下街舖嘅商舖基金。 當你做得專，人客自然好難搵替代品。(3) 當多一個人客使用，對原本個人客價值就提升，this is what we call Network Effect (網絡效應)。例如whatsapp/wechat/facebook/youtube，全世界只得你一個人用就冇用，越人用對你嘅價值就提升。如果你有齊以上三樣嘢，恭喜你，新競爭對手好難入嚟同你爭! 你有排賺錢。 但如果你三樣都冇，你只係 Me too Me Better 嘅策略的話， 我估你只會繼續浮浮沉沉, survive (生存) and sustain (持續)唔難, 但好難 become super successful (好成功). 第四動力 : (4) 越大代替品的威脅 Threat of Substitites 就會把你價格下降， 因為人客可以選擇其他商品，唔駛用你。Substitutes  - products or services that meet the same basic need as the industrys product in a different way - put a cap on industry profitability.  by Michael Porter 「產品或者服務嘅代替品， 會把整個行業嘅利潤封頂。」例如 DVD rental 租碟， 令到好多人唔駛買碟. 有 Netflix 嘅 streaming 就唔駛再去租碟。 有高鐵就搭少啲飛機， 有whatsapp就打少啲電話， 有數碼相機就少人用菲林相機。Its all true! 因此你經常都要諗下你嘅行頭會唔會突然間有代替品 substitutes  去衝擊你成個行業。 咁你點應對呢?包括我自己在內，有網購，就自然落少間舖買嘢。 因此長遠舖價必定受網購影響。 但我只買街舖， 香港有大約有十萬間街舖， 我只想好似7-11咁，當中揸住一千間，我係業主。即1％。 我相信網購點發達，都唔會快過你行過條街口喝入去7-11買包嘢飲。 因此我揀舖都要好小心。 我只買街埔，係因為街舖冇新供應。 網站可以有好多個，商場可以再起一千個，但街鋪無。 啟德、東涌、將軍澳、明日大嶼都好，都係無街舖賣。 物以罕為貴。而我盡量都只買可以做飲食及服務業嘅街舖， 難被網購取代。如果純粹做零售、乾貨，投資就要好小心。你行頭嘅產品或者服務，又輕唔輕易被替代品取代呢?最後 (5) 越大內部競爭的激烈程度 Internal Rivalry 價格就越低及成本也越高，因為大家同行都鬥平鬥靚， 可能導致割喉式競爭。If rivalry is intense, companies compete away the value they create, passing it on to buyers in lower prices or dissipating it in higher costs of competing. by Michael Porter 如果行頭有割喉式競爭，任何價值製造嘅利潤， 都會因為減價或者成本上升而消失。咁你又點知道你個行頭易唔易會有割喉式競爭? 睇6樣嘢: (1) 大家競爭對手係唔係差唔多大細，好多好散。好似街市咁，咁就好容易減價競爭。 但如突然有一兩個大嘅龍頭冒起， 好似百佳/惠康咁，反而會穩定價格。(2) 大家賣嘅產品差唔多， 好容易格價。 例如手機品牌、電子產品。(3) 好多人入嚟爭，唔係為錢而爭， 而係為社會貢獻或者國家任務而爭。(4) 整體行業增長好慢， 甚至乎收縮，變成「困獸鬥」(5) 產品係 perishable 即係 時間係敵人! 呢一刻唔要，之後想要返都唔得。 例如: 酒店房，今晚唔住，聽日就有其他人。 機位今日唔答，聽日就已經飛走咗。 因此今日就大家都要劈價求售。(6) High Exit Barrier 高離開行業嘅門檻， 好多生意，唔係話走就走，好多面子面俾、好多員工要炒、好多數要找、 老豆、阿爺留落嚟， 阿孫阿仔焗住要做， 有生意但唔識變通嘅，唯有減價。Price competition is the most dangerous form of rivalry. by Michael Porter 價格競爭係最危險嘅競爭。 好彩我選擇買舖。因為間間街舖都唔同，有獨特，無炒家會入嚟做蝕本生意，即時今日唔減價賣，一百年後間舖都仲喺度，時間係朋友，舖價仲分分鐘升咗。自問，平時你又有幾大劈價求售嘅壓力呢? 你點樣可以做得獨特性，唔同人哋割喉式競爭呢?  把時間變成朋友呢?以上就係 Michael Porter 1979年首次提出嘅 Porters Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 近年好多人都提倡應該有第六個。(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在 (仲於有個好嘢!) 。越多就越把價錢提升及成本下降，因為多咗馬路 (車嘅 complements) 就自然更多人想買車， 更多人想買車，就自然車價格上升，每架車生產及銷售成本也下降。做餐廳嘅，Deliveroo 可能係 complements 互補品, 馬上送外賣成本下降。 做電動車嘅，多啲充電站就係互補品，令到多啲人買電動車。4G/5G 上網快咗，係手機遊戲嘅 completment. 唔同嘅 Apps 都係買手機嘅 completment. 越多人創業，都係我買舖嘅 complement. Michael Porter 話做生意，就要明白以上五加一項的行業推動力，點樣影響整個行業嘅利潤。 頭五樣，is not Add-Up effect，唔係睇總和，而係只要一個差至極點， 成個行頭及你盤生意好易玩完。 例如有咗手機網上新聞之後， threat of substitute 代替品嘅威脅，舊式嘅報紙檔/雜誌社就執一間少一間。 如果你做餐廳只得一間舖，咁多年來太依賴某業主單一位置， 唔知係咪因為風水好定心頭好，萬一業主一沽舖，下手買家大幅加租，盤生意也馬上玩完。記住 Bargain power of supplier 業主就係你供應商， 如果你冇得搬，佢議價能力就好強。因此，做生意你就係要盡量想辦法， 把握以上五加一動力，加強你自己嘅生意穩定性及賺錢能力。記住，一開場我話: The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. Its to earn profits. 競爭，最重要唔係要贏對手，而係要賺錢!  要賺錢，長遠賺得穩定，就要好好把握頭5大動力，把他們盡量推下降，及第6動力盡量拉上升。有興趣一齊研究下點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你更具競爭優勢? 。。。。。My hobby 《星期六早餐會》! 七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying Michael Porter to your business: How to compete and win! 哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏? 講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。7月/8月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwinwww.edwinlee.com.hkwww.bwfund.com 聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143#michael_porter #競爭策略

Question 2

family and friends 4 電子 書Be Jealous By JM 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

💗即時文摘💗

其實我也頗喜歡shopping，
但有些東西我是從來唔buy的。

譬如好朋友不必常見，要好的感情，歷久常新在心中。廢話。這是非常懶散的相交方法。親近和親愛的人，要維繫、交流、接觸、更新一下細微近況和成長的。

"Best friends are like stars. You don't always see them, but you know they are always there"，動聽。永遠都在，像一件傢俬，還放了入迷你倉，collect dust。

父母親朋，真的那麼沒時間相見相處嗎？在心中，是真的，但久不久放在手中，現於面前，不是更好嗎？有些人對待情人，像對待打了入冷宮的apps一樣，下載了在手機上，熱情過後，不再打開，連存在都不覺。

很久都不相見的好朋友，其實和仇人也差不多，老死不相往還，很生疏。

有沒有想過，你和不同的親朋，大家在彼此的生命裏，還剩下多少時間？那些你視為最重要、最親厚，情如家人的好兄弟好姊妹，大家還餘下多少天相見？如果可以計一計，你會想知道嗎？

Ruavieja是西班牙的酒精飲品，推出了一個名為"Tenemos Que Vernos Mas"（We Have To See More Of Each Other）的廣告企劃，弄哭了無數人。與其說是一個廣告，更貼切說那是一個人際社交實驗。

一條4分半鐘的短片，訪問了不同人，談談他們生命中最要好的loved ones。那麼深愛深厚的人，一年見多少次，一次見面多久？

是可以計的。品牌用了西班牙National Institute of Statistics的程式，按兩個人見面的頻率、長度和年齡等數據，推算出大家還剩多少時間相見。

數字是驚人的，是令人心碎欲絕的。

假如彼此祇剩3天零6小時。那些一見即心花怒放，一見即攬頭攬頸，那些如膠似漆情同手足，那些你是我的"life partner"的，說大家一年，見兩次、見四次……大家都忙，住得不近，分隔兩地。受訪的，有廿多歲、30多歲、40多歲，大家在彼此的餘生，原來可以祇剩44天15小時、91天6小時。

像有了絕症，今生的相敍，祇剩幾個月命。我們回不去了，我們從來沒有一生一世。

人們常說，如何想多些時間和loved one在一起，結果，是沒有的。各有各忙，營營役役，工作健身上網，公事私事家事瑣事，就是沒時間相見。

一對對好友，由興致勃勃想知道大家還有多久時間，到赫然發現死線在眉睫，震驚，哭了。已經開始捨不得。

不夠啊，餘下的日子不以年計，卻以月計、有的僅剩數天。連想一想都心疼。都醍醐灌頂說要改變，要多見，把時間用在愛錫的人身上。

過去6年，我們花在手機/ipad的時間，增加了6倍。估計未來40年，人類平均花6年看電視節目、8年上網、10年盯着電子屏幕，卻花不出一點時間和在乎的人相處。

現代人不是很喜歡節食、很喜歡炫耀diet的嗎？何不試試思想節食、工作節食、上網打機IG面書節食？

我是相信make time和相敍的，見見面，談談近況，說說廢話也好。這世代，誰都日理萬機，公私兩忙工作玩樂喘不過氣。大家約一次未必即成功，明白，我也忙，但要繼續約，令相見成功。我在乎的人，會知道我想見你，想和你在一起；不同程度的友好，會知道我想見你，不因為我有空閒，不因為我終於方便，因為：我想。如果試過多次，發現對方心意不一樣，更好，可以疏遠，把時間留給值得的人。

別用口去交朋友，用口說愛「很想和你在一起」
假的，身體最誠實。口講口賠不如walk the walk。有時間剩才一起，不會make time為大家騰出時間的。算把啦。

對父母好友，永遠沒有愛得太早。

聽說時間像乳溝，擠一下就有。

好的創意，把話說到人心坎裏，Ruavieja的廣告去年聖誕推出，感動了無數人。想起英女王去年的聖誕文告，說活到了這把年紀，如果累積了一點智慧，就是"Faith, family and friendship have been not only a constant for me, but a source of comfort and reassurance"。

人生最確定的是死，比稅更絕，唯一不確定是幾時。在不確定的確定中，珍惜有限期是唯一可以輸少當贏的。對在乎的人，別祇在WhatsApp和面書交往，天涯海角非遠。

別等下一次，誰說得準有幾多下次，無常，是真的。「待得天晴花已老，不如攜手雨中看」。

尤其如果找到在燈火闌珊處的人，愛人、死黨、摯友。E.E. Cummings有一首詩叫《If I Believe》：
"If I believe in death, be sure of this, it is because you have loved me"。

#我們還剩多少時間 #畢明

Question 3

family and friends 4 電子 書AppWorks 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

昨天台灣大哥大發布訊息，自 2019 年 4 月 1 日起將聘任 AppWorks 創辦合夥人 Jamie 林之晨為總經理，長期關心 AppWorks 的朋友，或許會有些疑惑。其實不是 Jamie 換工作，而是 AppWorks 將與台灣大一起，挑戰一個放大 10 倍的計畫。在此跟大家分享 Jamie 的聲明，有更完整的敘述。

#以下是_Jamie_聲明全文

稍早台灣大哥大發布訊息，自 2019 年 4 月 1 日起將聘任為我為總經理，我的朋友們，以及長期關心我與 AppWorks 的媒體，一定會有許多疑惑，請容我在此統一向大家說明。
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#EnglishBelow 稍早台灣大哥大發布訊息，自 2019 年 4 月 1 日起將聘任為我為總經理，我的朋友們，以及長期關心我與 AppWorks 的媒體，一定會有許多疑惑，請容我在此統一向大家說明。

首先，我不是接下了台灣大總經理的職位，而是接下了整合市值美金 120 億、營收美金 38 億的台灣大與市值美金 36 億、營收美金 25 億的 AppWorks Ecosystem，放大出 10 倍成果的任務。

這得從我的故事說起，如果您還沒聽過的話，我原本已經移民美國，和老婆小孩開心的住在紐約，2008 年，我在美看到 iPhone、Android 相繼問世，Facebook、Twitter 等社群媒體成為主流，意識到軟體的力量將越來越大，而硬體將越來越沒有價值，換言之，台灣的國際經濟地位將受到極大挑戰，因此決定舉家搬遷回台，推動台灣的轉型升級，以免我熱愛的福爾摩沙從世界經濟奇蹟變成失落的遺跡。

這是一個很大的決定，不僅我要放棄自己的美國夢，老婆、小孩都得跟著改變職涯、學涯，因此既然要做，就得發揮最大的 Impact。所以回台之後，我每天思考、決定、努力的，都是最大化我對台灣的貢獻。

因此這些年來我戴了很多帽子，表面看起來沒什麼相關性，但背後都有一個共同的目的，那就是推動台灣的改變。首先，我長期寫網誌、經營 Facebook 等網路社群、在《天下》等期刊寫專欄、出書、演講、接受採訪，心想的是分享新知、新觀念，散播進步需要的養分。

我與夥伴們成立 AppWorks，有系統的幫助年輕人創業，為的是培養千千萬萬帶領台灣前進的下一代生力軍。這也是為什麼 AppWorks 從 2010 年啟動半年一期的創業加速器，至今一直堅持免費提供。目前 AppWorks Accelerator 共畢業的 17 屆、925 位創業者，由他們成立的活躍企業高達 328 家，2018 年產值 760 億，提供 9,500 個工作機會，非常確切的為台灣貢獻一股向上動能。更重要的是，這些創業者們因 AppWorks 而相識相惜，形成一個緊密互助的網路，更是社會的長期資產。

當 AppWorks 在台灣站穩腳步，2014 年我們開始積極走訪東南亞，邀請優秀的東協創業者前來加入，希望透過串連跨國創業者網路，促進台灣的區域化，同時貢獻東協的數位發展。經過 5 年的推動，這個工作也有大幅進展，即將在 3 月進駐 AppWorks 的 33 組 AW#18 團隊，將有高達 19 組來自東南亞，包含他們在內，AppWorks 有 160 家企業在台灣以外的大東南亞市場有據點，形成一個真正區域化的網路。現在，來自台灣、香港、新加坡的 AppWorks 創業者要前往印尼、越南發展，可以很容易的找到 AppWorks 校友帶路，大大降低了區域化的門檻。

除了創業加速器，透過 AppWorks，我們同時努力創造更多台灣改變需要的新典範。以創業投資為例，我們 2012 年成功募集 3.2 億 Fund I，2014 年募得 15 億 Fund II，在 AppWorks 團隊的努力經營下，目前兩支基金的投資績效都是水準以上，其中 Fund II 至今的年化內部報酬率 (IRR) 達 29%，遠高於歐美同期創投基金的 Top Quartile (前四分之一) 指標。透過追求與國際一流基金同等的表現，我們希望促進台灣 LP (創投投資人的簡稱) 更有信心支持本土新興 GP (創投管理公司的簡稱)，進而推動台灣創投業的復甦。

2016 年，我們出資成立 AppWorks School，每 4 個月一期，免費幫助年輕人透過實作學習程式、轉職工程師、加入成長中的數位行業，提升他們的職涯的同時，也為台灣貢獻人才。目前 School 已畢業 106 位學生，其中 85% 成功轉職，第一年起薪中位數達 67 萬。雖然杯水車薪，但我們希望拋磚引玉，刺激台灣教育的現代化，幫助年輕人準備好面對 AI 時代。

此外，AppWorks 雖然仍是中小企業，但受到的關注較多，因此也經常以身作則，為台灣業界示範新時代企業可以有的新思維。除了看齊國際優質創投的薪資獎金水準、年假無上限、自由選擇工作時間地點、新年假期長達三、四週外，我們更在日前啟動交棒計畫，讓年僅 30 歲的 Jessica 劉侊縈、40 歲的 Andy 蔡欣翰升任合夥人，希望激發台灣企業勇敢讓年輕人當家。

私部門之外，有機會推動台灣轉型的公領域活動，我也積極參與。2016 年，我從詹宏志先生手上接下 TiEA (台灣網際網路暨電子商務產業發展協會) 理事長，上任後便努力推動網路電商正名運動，成功說服了櫃買中心創立電子商務分類；2017 年起我開始擔任亞洲·矽谷民諮委共同召集人、數位國家諮詢委員、代表台灣參加每年四次的 ABAC (APEC Business Advisory Council) 會議，2018 年又奉總統之命擔任 APEC Vision Group 代表，與其他 20 會員國派出的先進，一起定義 APEC 未來的 20 年願景。這些雖然都是義務工作，但我都當作正職全力以赴，因為都有機會大大影響台灣的命運，以及在經濟領域的國際能見度。

最後，我去年決定再次舉家，準備遷往雅加達，同樣還是以為台灣貢獻出發。我觀察到 2.6 億人口的印尼正在快速崛起，短短 5 年內從有限的新創活動，到 4 隻本土獨角獸加 3 隻外來獨角獸的蓬勃景況，必須要幫助台灣抓住這個成長機會，但印尼商業生態與台灣大不相同，所以我決定進駐雅加達、深耕當地，希望能因此扮演帶領 AppWorks 新創進入印尼的嚮導，縮短我們與世界第四大國、東南亞第一大國的距離。這麼做得犧牲一些我在台灣的工作，但這些工作多半我的夥伴們可以承接，因此我便毅然開始行動。

講了這麼多，我其實只是希望您能了解，我大老遠從紐約搬回來的目的就是改變台灣，所以這些年來我做決定沒什麼懸念，因為不需要考慮自己的利益，只需要考慮在這個時間點，我做這件事情，是不是最能貢獻台灣。

如此我們便可以回到正題，這次的「台灣大 + AppWorks」專案。

不久前，蔡明忠董事長約我談話，詢問我有沒有興趣接下台灣大總經理的職位，一開始我其實是無法答應的，首先我已經決定搬去印尼，再來我也不確定接這個位子，跟貢獻台灣的關係。回去想了兩整天後，我有了答案，我跟蔡董事長說，必須有四個先決條件：

第一，結合台灣大和 AppWorks，用 AppWorks 生態系去幫助台灣大轉型為科技企業，同時以台灣大為平台去加速 AppWorks 新創的成長，因此創造更多成功的企業，為台灣示範成熟企業如何與新創實際合作；

第二，由 AppWorks 帶路，推動台灣大 + AppWorks 走出台灣，成為一個大東南亞科技集團，為台灣企業的區域化寫下典範，同時也成為能加速 AppWorks 新創區域化的大平台；

第三，以建立一個市值 1,000 億美金 (US$ 100B) 的科技集團為目標，創造第一個由台灣出發、真正達到國際級的非代工企業；

第四，所有因為台灣大 + AppWorks 集團未來的價值成長，公司依規定希望給予我個人的獎勵，要能全數由集團捐為公益使用，且專注在推動台灣的教育改革與電影工業上。

我跟蔡董事長說，如果以這四個目標為前提，那就值得我花 10 到 15 年的生命去推動。這基本上是我的夢幻清單，如果這麼做的話，能為台灣創造的貢獻，比 AppWorks 繼續獨立營運還會巨大許多，想不到蔡董事長毫不猶豫的答應。也因此，我回頭與 AppWorks 的夥伴們溝通，得到大家的支持後，我們決定一起接受這個挑戰。所以開頭我說，我不是接下了台灣大總經理的職位，而是接下了整合台灣大與 AppWorks，放大出 10 倍成果的任務。

當然，這不是一件容易的工作，發展新的商業模式，我或許有 20 年的創業、工作經驗作為後盾，但對於管理電信事業，對於領導一個 7,000 人的大集團，我有太多需要學習的地方，所以，我請蔡董事長務必持續扮演我的 Partner，在這個過程中一起確保電信本業的營運，好讓我們有最大的空間與時間，去爭取新事業的發展，為所有「台灣大 + AppWorks」的 Stakeholders，爭取最佳的長期利益。

未來幾年，將是電信業轉型的關鍵時期，去年 499 之亂加速電信用戶 ARPU (平均每戶營收) 的下滑，消費者換機時間拉長導致手機營收停滯，接下來資本支出是 4G 近 4 倍的 5G 即將到來，更讓電信長達 20 年紅利時代難以延續，AI、IoT、Blockchain、Cloud 等巨型典範轉移接連的到來，進一步逼迫電信業者不能繼續防守。

另一方面，電信業已經建立的品牌、長期客戶關係、大量用戶數據，卻是極有價值，可以更全面應用的資產。透過台灣大 + AppWorks 的結合，目前已經產生 760 億年營收的 AppWorks 的 328 家新創，以及未來將持續培養的更多新興企業，都有機會透過與台灣大的合作加速成長，而台灣大也能因此取得新的營收引擎，創造雙贏的局面。

所以，在可預見的未來，AppWorks 的方向不會改變，我們將持續邀請優秀的創業者加入，透過 AppWorks 原有的能量，以及新增的台灣大平台幫助他們。AppWorks 基金的營運也不會改變，事實上，加入了台灣大的能量，我們有信心能為 LP 們創造更好的財務、策略報酬。我的角色，除了新增台灣大總經理以外，也沒有改變，將持續擔任 AppWorks 的董事長、合夥人，戮力確保台灣大 + AppWorks 的整合能順利成功、長長久久，創造多贏。唯一改變的，大概是我的工作時間將會增加，因此要犧牲與家人的相處，在此先跟偉大的老婆、兩個可愛的兒子道歉，感謝他們對這個決定的支持與諒解。

至於搬遷至雅加達、引導更多 AppWorks 新創進軍印尼的計畫，很遺憾必須暫緩，所幸 AppWorks 的新任合夥人 Jessica (劉侊縈)，已經承諾會扛起這個責任，相信在她的帶領下，AppWorks 的印尼計畫還是能夠大鳴大放、開花結果。

以上，就是針對此次台灣大 + AppWorks 的重大發展，向各位好友、媒體朋友的報告，懇求你們的支持。無論如何，我會持續為貢獻台灣而努力，希望我們這一輩的小孩們長大後，可以和我們一樣，以做台灣人為榮。

最後，預祝您

新年快樂諸凡順遂
助君張目豬滿福保

Earlier today, Taiwan Mobile published an announcement communicating their intention to appoint me as the company’s general manager as of 4/1/2019. I’m sure this announcement may come as a surprise to many of my friends in the startup community, likely leaving you all with ample questions, concerns, and potentially even doubt. Let me take the opportunity to clarify the situation and explain the reasonings behind my decision for everyone.

Firstly, I must clarify that I am not merely taking over as GM of Taiwan Mobile, but taking on the bigger job of integrating Taiwan Mobile, a $12B market cap & $3.8B revenue company, and AppWorks, a $3.6B valuation & $2.5B revenue ecosystem, to amplify our impact by 10x.

But to adequately understand where we’re going, I think it’s important for everyone to know where we’ve come from. This begins with my story—for those of you that haven’t heard it before—which dates back to my time living in New York. It was around 2008 when I saw the launch of iPhone and Android, as well as the advent of Facebook, Twitter, etc, collectively catapulting social media into mainstream use. It was clear that software was increasingly taking over the world while the value of hardware was becoming more and more commoditized. This posed a dire existential threat to Taiwan, whose global economic contributions had been primarily driven by hardware and semiconductor manufacturing. This eventually prompted my resolve to move back to Taiwan and prevent our country from becoming a relic of the past.

This was by no means an easy decision. Not only did I have to give up my American dream, but my wife and child would have to completely uproot their lives, changing jobs and schools. It was a huge sacrifice on their end, so after moving back I dedicated myself to working hard every day to maximize my contribution to Taiwan and exert the greatest impact possible.

I have worn a lot of hats since, and it may seem that there is no correlation on the surface. But, there is indeed a common purpose behind them, which is to promote change in Taiwan. First of all, I have long written posts and columns in online communities such as my own blog, Facebook, and journals like “The Commonwealth Magazine,” while also giving speeches and interviews for a variety of outlets whenever possible. I see these activities as a way to share new knowledge, new ideas, and disseminate the nutrients needed for progress.

I set up AppWorks with my partners to systematically help young people start their own businesses and cultivate the next generation of business leaders that will steer Taiwan forward. That's why AppWorks started its semi-annual startup accelerator in 2010, and has been offering it for free ever since. With the addition of the latest batch AW#17, the AppWorks Ecosystem encompasses 328 active startups and 925 founders, having collectively generated US$ 2.5 billion in revenues and created 9,586 jobs—not an immaterial contribution to Taiwan’s economy needless to say. More importantly, we’ve created a tight-knit community where founders can form lifelong relationships, while seeking advice from both peers and mentors in good times and bad. I see that as a long-term value to society.

Once AppWorks took a firm foothold in Taiwan, we began targeting Southeast Asia in 2014 to invite outstanding ASEAN entrepreneurs to join us. We hope to promote Taiwan's regionalization through a network of international founders, and in turn, facilitate the development of SEA’s digital economy. We've made significant strides these past five years. AW#18 will kick off in March 2019, and consists of 33 teams, 19 of which hailing from countries across SEA and beyond. Spanning our entire ecosystem, AppWorks encompasses 160 companies currently operating in Southeast Asia, forming a truly regional network. Now, AppWorks founders from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore are expanding to Indonesia and Vietnam, and it is easy to find local AppWorks alumni to lead the way, greatly reducing the barriers for international expansion.

In addition to AppWorks Accelerator, we have been working hard to create more examples for a modern Taiwan. Taking venture capital as an example, we successfully raised US$ 11 million for Fund I in 2012 and US$ 50 million for Fund II in 2014. Under the efforts of the AppWorks team, the investment performance of the two funds is currently above the industry average, of which Fund II has achieved an annualized internal rate of return (IRR) of 29%. This is much higher than the top quartile of VCs in both Europe and the United States. By pursuing the same performance as international first-class funds, we hope to encourage Taiwanese LPs (short for venture capital investors) to be more confident in supporting local emerging GPs (short for venture capital management companies) and to promote the recovery and ultimate longevity of Taiwan's VC industry.

In 2016, we created AppWorks School with the aim of helping the younger generation pick up new skill sets, enhance their careers, and join the growing tech industry. The school offers four-month free programs and has now graduated 106 students, 85% of whom have secured jobs as software engineers, with a median starting salary of US$ 21,833. Although our scale is still tiny compared to larger institutes, we hope our efforts have inspired others to promote the modernization of Taiwan’s education system and equip young people with the necessary skills to thrive in the AI era.

In addition, although AppWorks is still a small to medium-sized enterprise, it has received a lot of attention. Therefore, it often leads by example and demonstrates how to apply new thinkings to modern corporate management. In addition to internationally-competitive salaries, our colleagues enjoy flexible working hours and locations, unlimited vacation days, and several weeks off around Chinese New Year. AppWorks also recently launched an internal promotion track, promoting two of our very own staff to partners, Jessica Liu (30) and Andy Tsai (40). We hope that this move will also create a ripple effect across traditional Taiwanese industries, inspiring more local enterprises to put their faith in younger leaders.

Alongside the private sector, I am also actively involved in promoting Taiwan’s transformation through public sector activities. In 2016, I took over as chairman of TiEA (Taiwan Internet and E-Commerce Association) from Mr. Hung-Tze Jan (詹宏志). After taking office, I have worked hard to promote our industry and successfully convinced government cabinet members to create a separate category for e-commerce companies, which didn’t previously exist in Taiwan’s stock market. Since 2017, I have been the co-convenor of the Asia-Silicon Valley Development Agency Advisory Committee, advisor of DIGI+ Taiwan, and the country’s member in ABAC (APEC Business Advisory Council). Most recently in 2018, I was appointed by the President to represent Taiwan in the APEC Vision Group, where 21 member states come together to define APEC's vision for the next 20 years. Although these are all voluntary work, I have treated them as full-time jobs because they produce opportunities that can greatly influence Taiwan’s future.

Finally, last year I was prepared to uproot my family again and move to Jakarta. With a population of 260 million people, I observed that Indonesia was a rapidly emerging economy, producing many areas where Taiwan and Taiwanese companies can contribute. In the span of just five years, Indonesia went from a barren startup landscape to producing four local unicorns and attracting the presence of three international unicorns. Although the opportunities are abundant, Indonesia’s ecosystem was much different from Taiwan’s, creating immense cultural, regulatory, and competitive barriers for Taiwanese companies. I had thus planned on relocating to Jakarta in hopes of better leading AppWorks startups into Indonesia and shortening our distance from the world’s fourth most populous country and GSEA’s biggest economy. I would have had to sacrifice some of my roles and responsibilities in my Taiwan, but I put faith in my partners and co-workers to fill the void.

With all that said, I want you to understand that the underlying mission to change Taiwan has never faltered. With this mission in mind, I’ve never hesitated in making decisions over the years because I’ve never needed to consider my own interests—but only the things I can do at the moment to best contribute to Taiwan and generate the most impact. It’s what prompted my resolution to move back from New York, my intent to move to Jakarta, and now my decision to take on this new opportunity with “Taiwan Mobile + AppWorks.”

Not long ago, the Chairman of Taiwan Mobile Daniel Tsai reached out and asked if I was interested in taking over as General Manager of Taiwan Mobile. At first, I was unable to take his offer because I was getting ready to move to Indonesia and I didn’t know how this would contribute to making Taiwan better. After allowing myself a few days to contemplate, I found an answer. I told Chairman Tsai that I would take on the position, but only if I can pursue these 4 ambitions:

First, leverage the AppWorks ecosystem to help transform Taiwan Mobile into a true technology company. At the same time, leverage Taiwan Mobile as a platform to accelerate the growth of AppWorks startups, thereby creating a successful collaboration template for other Taiwan & SEA large corporations to work with startups.

Second, with AppWorks leading the way, establish Taiwan Mobile + AppWorks into a regional technology group across Greater Southeast Asia, in turn, inspiring other Taiwanese companies to explore Southeast Asia as well as becoming a platform for startups to go regional.

Third, build Taiwan Mobile + AppWorks group to a market cap of US$ 100 billion and create the first non-OEM company that originates from Taiwan and truly reaches a global scale.

Fourth, throughout the process, all the bonuses I am entitled to shall be donated by the group to public welfare, focusing specifically on promoting education reform and the film industry in Taiwan.

I told Chairman Tsai if these are the goals, it’s worth dedicating the next 10 - 15 years of my life to achieve. This is basically my dream list. If I do this, the contribution to Taiwan and the GSEA region as a whole from the combined entity will be much greater than the continued independent operation of AppWorks. Chairman Tsai agreed on these four goals and gave me his promise, but it was still not a decision that I could make on my own--after all building AppWorks into what is it today was not something I did alone. Therefore, I went back to communicate with the AppWorks partners and team, and with everyone's support, we decided to accept this challenge together.

Thus, at the beginning of the post, I said, that I am not only taking over the position of Taiwan Mobile’s GM, but undertaking the task of integrating Taiwan Mobile and AppWorks to amplify our impact by 10x. Of course, developing a completely new business model is not an easy job. I may have 20 years of entrepreneurship and work experience under my belt, but I still have much to learn when it comes to managing a massive telecoms operation with over 7,000 people, most of whom are much more familiar with the industry than me. Therefore, I asked Chairman Tsai to act as my partner through the process to ensure the continued operations of the telecoms unit. This will enable more time and space to develop new businesses, benefiting all “Taiwan Mobile + AppWorks” stakeholders in the long run.

The telecoms industry will likely undergo a crucial transformation in the next few years. Last year’s “NT$499 war” accelerated the decline of telecom subscribers’ ARPU (average revenue per household). Longer replacement periods for smartphones have led to the stagnation of mobile phone revenues and the rollout of 5G will cost four times the capex as 4G. These factors all threaten the industry’s ability to maintain the fluid growth it’s experienced for the past 20 years. Furthermore, the arrival of paradigm shifting technologies such as AI, IoT, Blockchain, and Cloud have put all telecom operators on the defensive.

On the other hand, the telecoms industry has established brands, long-term customer relationships, and a massive amount of user data—all valuable assets that can be better maximized. Through the combination of Taiwan Mobile + AppWorks and the 328 startups that AppWorks has cultivated, all emerging startups will be able to look to the combined platform as a strategic engine for cooperation and growth. This is will also enable Taiwan to develop new sources of value creation--a win-win for both sides.

Therefore, in the foreseeable future, AppWorks will not change direction. We will continue to invite outstanding entrepreneurs to join our accelerator, staying true to the original ethos of AppWorks, while leveraging the new Taiwan Mobile platform to help them. The operation of AppWorks Funds will not change. In fact, with the backing of Taiwan Mobile’s resources, we are confident that we can create better financial and strategic rewards for LPs. My role at AppWorks will not change. I will continue to serve as a partner of AppWorks. I will ensure that the integration of Taiwan Mobile + AppWorks will be a successful, long-lasting win-win situation for all stakeholders involved. The only change is probably that my working hours will increase, effectively cutting into my family time. So first, I must apologize to my great wife and two lovely sons, and thank them for their continued support and understanding of this decision.

As for the plan to move to Jakarta and guide more AppWorks startups to enter Indonesia, regrettably it must be suspended. Fortunately, Jessica Liu, AppWorks’ newest partner, has promised to take up this responsibility. I believe that under her leadership, AppWorks' Indonesia initiative will still be able to make a big splash and develop fruitfully.

Hopefully, this post has provided you with all the relevant details regarding the Taiwan Mobile + AppWorks announcement. To friends and media, I sincerely appreciate your continued support. At any rate, I will continue to work hard to contribute to Taiwan. I hope that the children of our generation will grow up and be proud of being Taiwanese.

Finally, I wish everyone all the best. Have a wonderful and prosperous pig year!

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關於 family and friends 4 電子書，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

「family and friends 4 電子書」的推薦目錄：

family and friends 4 電子書在 Facebook 的最佳解答

family and friends 4 電子書在 Be Jealous By JM Facebook 的最佳貼文

family and friends 4 電子書在 AppWorks Facebook 的精選貼文

family and friends 4 電子書在 Ishikawa Family - Life in Japan and Vietnam Youtube 的最佳解答