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🌟 2020諾貝爾獎物理獎揭曉 🌟
Announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
🎉 英國數學物理學家 Roger Penrose
🎇得獎理由：表彰其發現黑洞形成與廣義相對論的研究貢獻。
🎉 德國天體物理學家 Reinhard Genzel
🎉 美國天文學家 Andrea Ghez
🎇得獎理由：表彰其在銀河系中發現超大質量物體的研究貢獻。
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諾貝爾委員會指出，三位科學家發現宇宙中深處、奇異的現象─黑洞。包括黑洞結構與廣義相對論的關係，以及在銀河系中心發現一個不可見、超大質量物體掌控著星體運行，即是目前為止得出的唯一解釋─黑洞。
物理獎主席David Haviland表示，三位學者的研究對理解超大質量物體有突破性的貢獻，但這神秘奇異的物體仍有許多問題待解決，包括內部結構、以及如何即時、近距離在黑洞中測試重力理論等問題。
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Three Laureates share this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics for their discoveries about one of the most exotic phenomena in the universe, the black hole. Roger Penrose showed that the general theory of relativity leads to the formation of black holes. Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez discovered that an invisible and extremely heavy object governs the orbits of stars at the centre of our galaxy. A supermassive black hole is the only currently known explanation.
“The discoveries of this year’s Laureates have broken new ground in the study of compact and supermassive objects. But these exotic objects still pose many questions that beg for answers and motivate future research. Not only questions about their inner structure, but also questions about how to test our theory of gravity under the extreme conditions in the immediate vicinity of a black hole”, says David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
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官方新聞稿：https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/
Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Tue. 6 Oct 2020. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/>
（圖文來源／諾貝爾獎官方推特 https://twitter.com/NobelPrize）
BREAKING NEWS
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity” and the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy.”
These three laureates share this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics for their discoveries about one of the most exotic phenomena in the universe, the black hole. Roger Penrose showed that the general theory of relativity leads to the formation of black holes. Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez discovered that an invisible and extremely heavy object governs the orbits of stars at the centre of our galaxy. A supermassive black hole is the only currently known explanation.
Roger Penrose used ingenious mathematical methods in his proof that black holes are a direct consequence of Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Einstein did not himself believe that black holes really exist, these super-heavyweight monsters that capture everything that enters them. Nothing can escape, not even light.
In January 1965, ten years after Einstein’s death, Roger Penrose proved that black holes really can form and described them in detail; at their heart, black holes hide a singularity in which all the known laws of nature cease. His ground-breaking article is still regarded as the most important contribution to the general theory of relativity since Einstein.
Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez each lead a group of astronomers that, since the early 1990s, has focused on a region called Sagittarius A* at the centre of our galaxy. The orbits of the brightest stars closest to the middle of the Milky Way have been mapped with increasing precision. The measurements of these two groups agree, with both finding an extremely heavy, invisible object that pulls on the jumble of stars, causing them to rush around at dizzying speeds. Around four million solar masses are packed together in a region no larger than our solar system.
Using the world’s largest telescopes, Genzel and Ghez developed methods to see through the huge clouds of inter-stellar gas and dust to the centre of the Milky Way. Stretching the limits of technology, they refined new techniques to compensate for distortions caused by the Earth’s atmosphere, building unique instruments and committing themselves to long-term research. Their pioneering work has given us the most convincing evidence yet of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.
“The discoveries of this year’s laureates have broken new ground in the study of compact and supermassive objects. But these exotic objects still pose many questions that beg for answers and motivate future research. Not only questions about their inner structure, but also questions about how to test our theory of gravity under the extreme conditions in the immediate vicinity of a black hole,” says David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
Press release: https://bit.ly/309oZqF
Popular information: https://bit.ly/3jjZSJk
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Reference:
1. cluster of galaxies 星系團
NASA, ESA, M.J. Jee and H. Ford (Johns Hopkins University)
2. galaxy 星系
圖片來源：哈伯太空望遠鏡NASA／ESA。
3. star cluster 星團
The globular cluster Messier 15 photographed by HST.
4. nebula 星雲
NGC 604, a nebula in the Triangulum Galaxy
5. star 恆星
The Sun photographed at 304 angstroms by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA 304) of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO).
6. planet 行星
NASA/Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
7. dwarf planet 矮行星
https://zi.media/@yidianzixun/post/DFj2z4
8. satellite 衛星
https://zh.wikibooks.org/zh-hk/Wikijunior:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83#/media/File:Moon.jpg
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HKALE Physics Past Paper Solution：
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星際特攻 希瓦娜 新造型 new skin
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2016/05/27（五）上午 10：00 新品上架
星際特攻（希瓦娜） 【375 聯盟幣】
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