關於 healthcare policy in hong kong ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【生死教育第三講】
講題 Title：預設醫療指示與預設照顧計劃 Advance Directive and Advance Care Planning

報名鏈接Registration Link: https://bit.ly/3tE9RgE

日期 Date：12/6/2021(Sat)
時間 Time：3:00-4:30pm
地點 Venue：沙田澤祥街12號香港中文大學鄭裕彤樓地下演講廳1A (LT1A)
Lecture Theatre 1A, Level 1, Cheng Yu Tung Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 12 Chak Cheung Street, Shatin, N.T.

講者 Speaker：陳裕麗教授 Prof Helen Chan / 鍾一諾教授 Prof Roger Chung
主持 Moderator：伍桂麟先生 Mr Pasu Ng

講座內容 Synopsis:
現今醫療科技發達，很多疾病均可治癒或受控制。當疾病到了末期，醫療科技有時只能提供維持生命治療，但延長死亡過程對病人可能沒有意義，甚至增加痛楚。面對這情況，病人、家屬和醫護人員可以商討是否中止對生活質素沒有幫助的維持生命治療，讓病人安詳離世。香港中文大學醫學院那打素護理學院副教授陳裕麗博士和香港中文大學公共衛生及基層醫療學院助理教授鍾一諾博士會在由中大公共衞生及基層醫療學院主辦的公眾「生死教育」四講系列的第三講和大家分享『預設醫療指示』 (Advance Directive)和『預設照顧計劃』（Advance Care Planning）的概念與應用。這兩種健康護理選擇不但可以免卻家屬決定病者死時所受到的困難和壓力，減少作出決定後感到矛盾和內疚的機會，亦體現對病者生命和意願的尊重。

Thanks to the advancement of medical technology, most diseases can be cured or subsided. However, there are times that medical technology could only prolong one’s life but could not cure the terminal illness. Facing such situation, patients, family members, and medical staff can discuss whether to withhold or withdraw from life-sustaining treatments that may not help improve patients’ quality of life so that they can die peacefully. Professor Helen Chan, Associate Professor from The Nethersole School of Nursing and Professor Roger Chung, Assistant Professor of the School of Public Health and Primary Care of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, will share with us the concepts and values behind Advance Directive and Advance Care Planning in the third public seminar of the four-lecture series on life and death education organized by the School of Public Health and Primary Care, CUHK. These two health care options aim not only to reduce the pressure faced by patients’ family when making end-of-life healthcare decision, but also show respect to patients’ will.

講者介紹：
Professor Helen Chan’s research interests focus on end-of-life care, gerontology as well as care ethics. She has conducted a number of research projects on promoting palliative and end-of-life care, especially advance care planning, among older adults and people with advanced progressive diseases.
陳裕麗教授的主要研究範疇集中在臨終護理、老年病學和護理倫理學上。她的研究項目包括推廣有關老人和晚期疾病患者的紓緩照顧和臨終護理服務，尤其是預設照顧計劃。

Professor Roger Chung’s research aims to empirically inquire into the social determinants of health inequalities, as well as aging‐related issues on multimorbidity and long‐term/end‐of‐life care, and to utilize such evidence to inform health services and policy, domestically and beyond.
鍾一諾教授的主要研究範疇為健康不平等的社會決定因素，與老年有關的多重疾病，和晚期與臨終護理政策，並運用研究成果為本地及國際公共衛生服務和政策提供意見。

生死教育 X 伍桂麟

BNO「5+1」新簽證懶人包

生效時間：2021年1月起生效

簽證有效期：可申請5年期或2.5年+2.5年期

簽證費用：有待公布

簽證限額：無

申請方法：網上申請，擁BNO身份人士只需提供照片作辨認，沒有BNO的家屬則需要提供指紋作認證之用

入籍年期：居住5年後可申請永久居留，再住多12個月就可申請入籍，不得在英國境外逗留超過180日（每12個月計算）

親屬安排：同居伴侶或配偶、未滿18歲兒女可申請家屬簽證一同居留，18歲以上仍未獨立兒女及年老長者按個案而定

申請條件︰
1. 有BNO身份即可，即使BNO過期或遺失也可
2. 通常居住在香港
3. 財力證明自己能於英國生活6個月
4. 承諾學習英文（如適用）
5. 通過肺結核測試（https://www.gov.uk/tb-test-visa）
5. 繳付醫療附加費（每年£624，需一次過繳交5年或2.5年簽證年期費用）（https://www.gov.uk/healthcare-immigration-application）

簽證權利
- 申請人及其家屬可於英國工作或讀書
- 申請人及其家屬於申請永居身份前，不可領取公共福利資源（如失業援助金），但可以享用公共教育、醫療等資源

申請永居條件：
1. 申請永居當日為18-64歲
2. 通過Life in the UK考試，內容主要為英國歷史及生活知識
3. 英語水平達標，可以以英語考試成績（如IELTS），或以英語為主要語言的大學學歷作證明

更多詳情：
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/british-nationals-overseas-in-hong-kong

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hong-kong-bno-visa-policy-statement

【新發佈學術文章 My New Publication】
對貧窮與健康的感知及兩者之間的惡性循環：一個香港醫療服務主要持份者的質性研究

背景
貧窮與健康息息相關。現時有關貧窮與健康之間的惡性循環的研究主要集中於發展中國家，惟當中聯繫貧窮與健康的機制未必能全盤應用於亞洲發達地區。這項研究旨在探索香港醫療服務主要持份者對貧窮與健康之間的惡性循環驅動機制和因素的看法。

方法
我們透過焦點小組訪談社會工作者（n = 8），慢性病患者（n = 8），老年人（n = 6），基層醫療醫生（n = 7）及非正式照顧者（n = 10），仔細轉錄並閱讀所得意見，然後基於社會建構主義作主題分析以識別及整合關鍵主題。

結果
在這高度發達但貧富懸殊的亞洲城市中，貧窮與健康之間的惡性循環依然持續。權力和機會不平等造成物質和社會制約，進而令影響健康的社會決定因素分佈得更不均。在雙軌醫療系統下，醫療服務使用亦因社會階梯高低而有所不同。隨著健康狀況惡化，醫療、社福及勞工干預政策的不協調和不足進一步加劇患者的經濟困難。除此以外，基於受訪者對貧窮本質的認知及其在公共政策中的操作以及不同持份者對疾病概念的理解，此研究還討論了驅動惡性循環的政策因素。

結論
儘管經濟繁榮，貧窮與健康之間的惡性循環仍然是香港現正面臨的巨大挑戰。為了打破循環，潛在政策方向包括採納按比例的普世主義，推動社會融合和加強醫社協作。

Perceived poverty and health, and their roles in the poverty-health vicious cycle: a qualitative study of major stakeholders in the healthcare setting in Hong Kong

BACKGROUND:
Poverty and ill-health are closely inter-related. Existing studies on the poverty-health vicious cycle focus mainly on less developed countries, where the identified mechanisms linking between poverty and ill-health may not fit the situations in developed Asian regions. This study aims to qualitatively explore the perceived mechanisms and drivers of the poverty-health vicious cycle among major stakeholders in the healthcare setting in Hong Kong.

METHODS:
Data were collected via focus group interviews with social workers (n = 8), chronically ill patients (n = 8), older adults (n = 6), primary care doctors (n = 7) and informal caregivers (n = 10). The transcribed data were then closely read to capture key themes using thematic analyses informed by social constructivism.

RESULTS:
In this highly developed Asian setting with income inequality among the greatest in the world, the poverty-health vicious cycle operates. Material and social constraints, as a result of unequal power and opportunities, appear to play a pivotal role in creating uneven distribution of social determinants of health. The subsequent healthcare access also varies across the social ladder under the dual-track healthcare system in Hong Kong. As health deteriorates, financial hardship is often resulted in the absence of sufficient and coordinated healthcare, welfare and labour policy interventions. In addition to the mechanisms, policy drivers of the cycle were also discussed based on the respondents' perceived understanding of the nature of poverty and its operationalization in public policies, as well as of the digressive conceptions of disease among different stakeholders.

CONCLUSIONS:
The poverty-health vicious cycle has remained a great challenge in Hong Kong despite its economic prosperity. To break the cycle, potential policy directions include the adoption of proportionate universalism, social integration and the strengthening of medical-social collaboration.

Link: https://rdcu.be/b1s6o