關於 hepatitis symptoms ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

疫情嚴重，注意健康，加油

2019-2020相關資料文獻整理
＃新型冠狀病毒和黑種草油的科學研究
2019-nCoV & Nigella Sativa Science
Researches
＃林博士聲明: 2020.01.28
1.本文為本人整理編寫的原創文獻醫學文稿，重要內容均注明原文出處(或網路連結)若有疏漏，敬請指正。

（一）＃抗病毒作用-正義單鏈RNA病毒
Antiviral effect-positive and single stranded RNA virus
- 2019新型冠狀病毒(Novelcoronavirus)，世界衛生組織命名縮寫為2019-nCoV、武漢肺炎(Wuhanpneumonia)等。2019新型冠狀病毒與2003年4月在亞洲爆發SARS，SARS-CoV都是正義單鏈RNA病毒(positivesinglestrandedRNAvirus)，這類病毒還包括人類的C型肝炎病毒(HepacivirusC)。

黑種草油(子)迄今並無抗冠狀病毒的研究。但臨床研究顯示黑種草油可以抗C型肝炎病毒(30名C肝病患)，降低體內病毒載量。
埃及30名患有C型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者，未經甲型干擾素(α-Interferon)治療，每天餐後食用黑種草油，每日3次，連續服用3個月後，可顯著改善HCV病毒載量(380808.7±610937vs147028.2±475225.6,P=0.001)和提高體內總抗氧化能力TAC(1.35±0.5vs1.612±0.56, P=0.001)，與下列實驗室參數得到改善：總氮蛋白、白蛋白、紅血球細胞數、血小板計數和下肢水腫等臨床狀況指數。

1.Barakat, EmanMahmoud Fathy, Lamia Mohamed El Wakeel, and RadwaSamir Hagag. "Effects of Nigella sativa on outcome of hepatitis C in Egypt." World journal of gastroenterology: WJG 19.16 (2013): 2529.
2.Oyero, OlufunmilayoG., et al. "Selective inhibition of hepatitis c virus replication by Alpha-zam, a Nigella sativa seed formulation." African journal of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines 13.6 (2016): 144-148.

(二) ＃免疫調節-提高巨噬細胞和樹突狀細胞作用.
*Immunomodulatory effects
- 研究顯示:黑種草油或其活性成分百里醌(TQ，Thymoquinone)可以調節免疫力(Th1和Th2)，提高巨噬細胞(macrophage)和樹突狀細胞(dendriti)作用，顯示出有效的抗發炎作用。

黑種草油可增加吞噬活性(吞噬率56.83±6.37％)和吞噬指數(5.18±0.39)，巨噬細胞分泌IL-12(最高水平在66.33±2.11μM)和TLR4的表達。數據通過單因子變異數分析(One-wayANOVA)進行統計學檢驗，顯著性為95％。

1.Akrom, Akrom, and MustofaMustofa. "Black cumin seed oil increases phagocytic activity and secretion of IL-12 by macrophages." Biomedical Research 28.12 (2017): 5241-5246.
2.Finlay, Trisha M., et al. "Thymoquinone-induced Neu4 sialidase activates NFκB in macrophage cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo." Glycoconjugate journal 27.6 (2010): 583-600.
3.Salem, Mohamed Labib. "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed." International immunopharmacology 5.13-14 (2005): 1749-1770.

(三) ＃善肺部發炎症狀和損傷
Improve lung inflammation and injury
- 動物研究顯示:黑種草和其提取物或百里醌(TQ)對氣管反應和肺部炎症有預防作用，黑種草油可顯著降低因高氧吸入引起的肺損傷。
●黑種草的百里醌(TQ，thymoquinone)治療致敏組動物，可顯著善其肺部病理變化，降低其IL-4水平(p<0.05至p<0.001)，增加其IFN-γ水平(p<0.001)。
●黑種草治療可抑制炎症性肺反應，顯著降低（p<0.05）支氣管周炎性細胞浸潤、肺泡中隔浸潤、肺泡水腫 肺泡滲出液、肺泡巨噬細胞和間質纖維化，肉芽腫和壞死形成。
●在組織病理學和免疫化學評估中，高氧+ 黑種草組的肺損傷嚴重程度明顯降低（P <.05)，GSH-Px(穀胱甘肽氧化物酶)和SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)水平得到顯著保留MDA(血清脂質過氧化物)和MPO(骨髓過氧化酶)水平顯著低（P <.05）。

1.Boskabady,MohammadHossein,etal."TheeffectofNigellasativaextractontrachealresponsivenessandlunginflammationinovalbumin-sensitizedguineapigs."Clinics66.5(2011):879-887.
2.Keyhanmanesh,Rana,etal."Effectofthymoquinoneonthelungpathologyandcytokinelevelsofovalbumin-sensitizedguineapigs."Pharmacologicalreports62.5(2010):910-916.
3.Kanter,Mehmet."EffectsofNigellasativaseedextractonamelioratinglungtissuedamageinratsafterexperimentalpulmonaryaspirations."Actahistochemica111.5(2009):393-403.
4.Tayman,Cuneyt,etal."ProtectiveeffectsofNigellasativaoilinhyperoxia-inducedlunginjury."ArchivosdeBronconeumología(EnglishEdition)49.1(2013):15-21.

(四) ＃解呼吸道發炎症狀
Relief the symptoms of respiratory tract infection
- 多篇人體臨床研究:黑種草油可顯著緩解咽喉炎或扁桃腺炎的咽喉腫痛，補充黑種草油可改善哮喘和肺功能。黑種草的精油成分可抑制氣管收縮和增加黏膜纖毛的清除率。
●186位急性咽喉炎測試者，每天3次連續7天服用黑種草油和珠草萃取物，可完全緩解他們的咽喉腫痛，減少對止痛藥的需要。
●抗效喘和擴張氣管
80名哮喘患者的隨機，雙盲，安慰劑對照試驗，每天食用黑種草油兩次，連續4週，NSO組的平均哮喘控制測試得分顯著提高了21.1(標準差= 2.6)和19.6(標準差= 3.7)(p = 0.044)，血液中的嗜酸性粒細胞減少了-50 (-155至-1)對15（-60至87）個細胞/μL(p = 0.013)。
29例哮喘成年患者隨機分為對照組和研究組，研究組給予每天口服黑種草提取
物，研究3個月後顯著改善哮喘症狀的頻率/週，胸部喘息和肺功能測試(PFTs）
值顯著改善(P <0.05到P <0.001)，與對照組相比有顯著差異(P <0.01到P <0.001)。
在15例哮喘患者，黑種草萃取物對哮喘的氣道(airways)具有相對強效的抗喘效果（支氣管擴張）。

●天然氣管擴張劑，抑制氣管收縮和增加黏膜纖毛的清除2010年歐洲藥用植物和天然產品研究雜誌《Planta Medica》研究：黑種草的精油活性成分-百里醌(TQ) 、黑種草酮(Nigellone)是優於哮喘的吸入性氣管擴張藥fluticasone(屬類固醇類)，賦予哮喘和過敏症患者帶來希望。
2008年歐洲藥用植物和天然產品研究雜誌《Planta Medica》研究表明:黑種草油的精油成分黑種草酮(Nigellone)和百里醌(TQ)可用於治療不同的呼吸系統疾病，可緩解氣管的痙攣和增加黏膜纖毛的清除率。

1.Dirjomuljono, M., et al. "Symptomatic treatment of acute tonsillo-pharyngitis patients with a combination of Nigella sativa and Phyllanthus niruriextract." International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 46.6 (2008): 295-306.
2.Koshak, Abdulrahman, et al. "Nigella sativa supplementation improves asthma control and biomarkers: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial." PhytotherapyResearch 31.3 (2017): 403-409.
3.Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein, et al. "The possible prophylactic effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in asthmatic patients." Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 21.5 (2007): 559-566.
4.Boskabady, M. H., N. Mohsenpoor, and L. Takaloo. "Antiasthmaticeffect of Nigella sativa in airways of asthmatic patients." Phytomedicine 17.10 (2010): 707-713.
5.Keyhanmanesh, Rana, et al. "The effect of thymoquinone, the main constituent of Nigella sativa on tracheal responsiveness and white blood cell count in lung lavage of sensitized guinea pigs." Planta medica 76.03 (2010): 218-222.
6.Wienkötter, N., et al. "The effect of nigelloneand thymoquinone on inhibiting trachea contraction and mucociliaryclearance." Planta medica 74.02 (2008): 105-108.

#薑黃文獻研究
●#薑黃的薑黃素抑制所有C型肝炎病毒基因型進入人肝細胞
Colpitts, Che C., et al. "Turmeric curcumin inhibits entry of all hepatitis C virusgenotypes into human liver cells." Gut 63.7 (2014): 1137-1149
●#薑黃素在病毒性急性呼吸窘迫綜合症的老鼠模中，調節發炎症反應並抑制隨後的纖維化
Avasarala, Sreedevi, et al. "Curcumin modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits subsequent fibrosis in a mouse model of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome." PloSone 8.2 (2013).
●#薑黃素通過減輕肺損傷和調節巨噬細胞細胞因子產生來減輕嚴重的流感性肺炎
Han, Shuguang, et al. "Curcumin ameliorates severe influenza pneumonia via attenuating lung injury and regulating macrophage cytokines production." Clinical and Experimental. Pharmacology and Physiology 45.1 (2018): 84-93.

#蜂蜜文獻研究
●2014年一項基於前瞻性隊列研究:以蜂蜜做保守療，35％的慢性C型肝炎病毒患者可持續清除C肝炎病毒
KOTB, MAGD A., and AHMED K. ABDALLA. "Sustained Hepatitis C Virus Clearance was Achieved by Honey Based Conservative Management in 35% of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study." Interferon 8: 10.
●蜂蜜與健康：近期臨床研究述評-蜂蜜具抗發炎免疫調節活性、減少咳嗽、發燒和減輕哮喘相關症狀
Samarghandian, Saeed, TaherehFarkhondeh, and FariborzSamini. "Honey and health: A review of recent clinical research." Pharmacognosy research 9.2 (2017): 121.)

#食用建議

＃黑種草油5ml + ＃蜂蜜10ml +＃薑黃粉(＃或薑黃素)適量
❗每日2次❗

＃黑種草油、＃蜂蜜和薑黃
都有抗單股RNA病毒、抗發炎、減少肺部發炎症狀，調節免疫力和增加抵抗力的效果，非常適合這個季節做為每日保健的補充劑。

【春日養肝】肝好不好原來一眼就看得出來

⭐小朋友眼睛特別明亮
⭐因為他們大多都睡飽吃好心情好
#星期二提升正能量

由眼睛頭髮指甲看看肝是否健康？
如何得知肝臟是否健康？西醫會靠抽血檢驗肝功能指數是否正常，而中醫則可以透過觀察眼睛、指甲及頭髮判斷肝臟的生理機能，因為中醫理論認為「肝開竅於目」，眼睛出現不適症狀，有可能是肝的調節功能出現異常，例如肝火旺時會眼紅乾澀；肝血不足會出現視力減退、雙眼乾澀、夜盲等症狀；而眼白泛黃的人多數與肝病有關，例如肝炎、肝硬化等。
而中醫角度認為肝主筋，「其華在爪」，指甲的健康亦與肝有密切關係，因為指甲依賴肝臟精血的濡養，如果指甲軟而薄、枯燥沒有光澤、容易脆裂、甚至整片分離，都是反映肝的精血不足。
中醫理論認為「髮為血之餘」，而肝藏血，所以頭髮的健康亦能反映肝的健康狀況，年長的人肝血不足且腎氣虛，頭髮便變為蒼白稀疏，貧血的人亦會頻繁掉髮。
所以肝臟健康的人都會眼睛亮麗、指甲潤澤、頭髮豐盈有光澤，想養好肝就要有充足睡眠，晚上11時前入睡令肝可以進行排毒工作；飲食清淡，多吃甘味（即淡味）食物及綠色蔬菜，少吃油膩辛辣食物，戒煙酒；保持心境開朗，進行適量帶氧運動及伸展運動，有助幫助放鬆心情。平日可以飲用「難入眠」茶療寧心安神和杞子桑椹茶養腎補肝，惟注意感冒期間不宜飲用前者；身體有偏熱症狀如喉嚨痛、口瘡則不宜飲用後者。

安神好睡👉🏻難入眠茶療
功效：寧心安神，紓緩常思慮過度以致難以入眠的症狀。
材料：炒酸棗仁、柏子仁、甘蕎麥
注意：感冒期間不宜飲用。
售價：每盒$79，內附5包
🛒歡迎 Facebook inbox 或 WhatsApp 訂購：
Facebook: http://bit.ly/CCC-FB
WhatsApp: ＋852-9347 4374 
https://api.whatsapp.com/send?phone=85293474374 

養腎補肝👉🏻杞子桑椹茶
功效：養腎補肝，滋陰益血，有美顏、明目及烏髮功效。
材料：杞子15粒、桑椹3-4粒、南棗2粒（剪碎）
做法：材料放保溫瓶，以熱開水沖泡一次，注入熱開水焗約10分鐘即可，可反覆沖泡至味淡。
注意：身體有偏熱症狀例如喉嚨痛、口瘡不宜飲用。

Check your liver health 

How do you know if your liver is healthy? Western medicine will check the liver function index by drawing blood, while Chinese medicine can judge the physiological function of the liver by observing the eyes, nails and hair. Chinese medicine theory statea that liver connects to external world through the eyes. When you experience symptoms in the eye, it may be related to liver heat, lack of liver blood as those can cause poor vision, dry eyes, night blindness and other symptoms. Most people with yellowish eyes have some form of liver disease, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.
From Chinese medicine perspective, the liver also reflects nail health as nails depend on the maintenance of liver essence and blood. If the nails are soft, thin, and dull, crack easily and even separate, it could mean lack of liver essence and blood.
The theory of Chinese medicine believes that hair is an extension of blood. Liver holds blood so the health of the hair can also reflect the health of the liver. Older people tend to have insufficient liver blood and kidney qi, and the hair becomes grey and thin, and those with anemia also have frequent hair loss.
Therefore, people with healthy liver will have bright eyes, glowy nails, and shiny volumous hair. If you want to nourish your liver, you need to get enough sleep. Go to sleep before 11pm to allow the liver to detoxify. Eat a light diet and eat sweet (i.e. light in taste) ingredients and green vegetables, eat less greasy and spicy foods, quit smoking and drinking. Keep a cheerful mood. Do aerobic exercise and stretching exercises to help relax yourself. You can drink “Difficulty falling asleep” healing tea to calm the heart and mind (not suitable for those recovering from a cold/flu). You can also drink mulberry tea with wolfberry to nourish the kidney and liver (not suitable for those with heat-related symptoms such as sore throat and canker sore). 
Recommendation for claiming the mind and improving sleeping quality👉🏻Difficulty falling a sleep healing tea
Effects: Calms the heart and mind. Relieves difficulty falling asleep due to over-thinking 
Ingredients: Fried Spine Date Seeds, biota seed, buckwheat
Note: Not suitable for those recovering from a cold/flu.
Price: $79 (5packs/box) 

🛒Inbox our Facebook page or WhatsApp us to place order:
Facebook: http://bit.ly/CCC-FB
WhatsApp: ＋852-9347 4374 
https://api.whatsapp.com/send?phone=85293474374 

Recommendation for nourishing the kidney and liver👉🏻Mulberry tea with wolfberry
Ingredients: 15 wolfberries, 3-4 mulberries, 2 jujube dates (chopped)
Effects: Nourishes kidney and liver, nourishes yin and promotes blood circulation. It can improve skin, eyesight and hair quality. 
Preparation: Rinse all ingredients thoroughly and place into thermos, rinse with hot water once. Then add in hot water again and steep for 10 minutes. You can re-brew until its flavor weakens.
Note: Not suitable for those with heat-related symptoms such as sore throat and canker sore. 

#男 #女 #我畏冷 #血虛 #烏髮

Hepatitis B is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The virus can affect people of all ages. Once infected, some people carry the virus their whole lives. This is called “chronic” infection and it can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. The virus is found in the blood and body fluids of infected people. It is most often spread among adults through sexual contact, by sharing needles and other drug paraphernalia, or from an HBV-infected mother to her newborn during birth. HBV can also be spread through normal household contact with HBV-infected people.

Symptoms
Some people get sick within the first six months after getting infected. The symptoms of this “acute” hepatitis are loss of appetite, tiredness, stomachache, nausea, and vomiting. These people might also experience yellowing of the whites of the eyes (jaundice) or joint pain. For some people, acute infection leads to chronic infection. People with chronic HBV infection usually do not feel sick for many years, but will have symptoms if they develop the most serious complications from hepatitis B, like cirrhosis or liver cancer. A person infected with the virus can pass it on to others even if he or she does not feel sick or show symptoms.

There is no specific treatment for newly acquired HBV infection. Medicines are available to treat people with chronic hepatitis B. These medicines work for some people, but not for all.

Prevention
Safe, effective hepatitis B vaccines are available. The vaccination series is usually given as three doses over a six-month period. Hepatitis B vaccine is the first anti-cancer vaccine because it prevents liver cancer caused by chronic HBV infection.

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine?
Adults with diabetes age 19 through 59 years. Vaccination can be considered in those with diabetes who are age 60 and older.
Sexually active adults who are not in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship.
People whose sex partners are infected with hepatitis B.
Persons seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease.
Men who have sex with men.
Current or recent injection-drug users.

#joinjade #asianlivercenter #hepatitisB

丙型肝炎治療的發展 專題 － 夏威 外科專科醫生@FindDoc.com
(本短片作健康教育之用，並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異，如有疑問，請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)

(一) 「丙型肝炎患者多吃西柚，可抑制丙型病毒。」這是否有醫學根據？ 0:09

(二) 如何治療丙型肝炎，能治好嗎？ 1:08

(三) 近年丙型肝炎的治療有什麼新發展？ 1:56

其他相關的健康教育短片：
丙型肝炎的傳播途徑、檢查及治療 專題 - 夏威 外科專科醫生
https://youtu.be/UgozeluiVZU

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丙型肝炎的傳播途徑、檢查及治療 專題 － 夏威 外科專科醫生 @FindDoc.com
(本短片作健康教育之用，並不可取代任何醫療診斷或治療。治療成效因人而異，如有疑問，請向專業醫療人士諮詢。)

(一) 過度勞累、常熬夜，會增加患丙型肝炎的風險？ 0:09

(二) 誰是丙型肝炎的高危人群？ 0:50

(三) 如何檢測丙型肝炎？ 1:35

(四) 如患丙型肝炎，該如何治療？ 1:54

其他相關的健康短片：
丙型肝炎治療的發展 專題 － 夏威 外科專科醫生
https://youtu.be/-HvVO_t3Fmc

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丙型肝炎症狀及管理 專題 － 洪長錐腸胃肝臟科專科醫生@FindDoc.com
資料來源：https://www.FindDoc.com

(一) 容易疲倦、腹痛、小便茶色，是丙型肝炎的警號？ 0:16

(二) 哪些人士是丙型肝炎的高危族群？ 1:24

(三) 若確診為丙型肝炎帶病毒者，在日常生活有什麽注意事項？ 3:06

(四) 與丙型肝炎帶病毒者一起住、一起吃飯會被傳染嗎？ 3:58

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