同時也有51部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過5萬的網紅SAMANTHA LUI,也在其Youtube影片中提到,❥ 如果你喜歡我的影片歡迎訂閱~下條影片再見 subscribe ➡️ http://bit.ly/samanthaYT don’t forget to turn on the notification ? ✨ f i n d m e e l s e w h e r e ✨ ➭ instagra...
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incandescent light 在 元毓 Facebook 的精選貼文
【關於原創性】
University of St. Andrews的生物學教授Elena Miu與Luke Rendell研究Mathworks Software 舉辦的程式編碼競賽,從1998~2012年,共14年19場公開競賽,近2000位參賽者提供超過45000份原始碼。比賽雖是解決科學問題,但並不存在單一正確的解答。評審依據程式碼的簡潔性與可用性來評分。
所有的程式碼與評分均公開,因此新比賽的參加者可以參考前屆比賽的內容。
這兩位生物學教授將對此程式碼的文化演化(cultural evolution)發現於2018年6月發表在知名期刊Nature的子刊Nature Communication上:
1. 從比賽內容可以看出參賽者均嘗試在模仿與創新上取得平衡。
2. 三種比賽策略,分別是「複製者(copiers)」、「標新立異者(mavericks)」 與「務實者(pragmatists)」。
複製者幾乎複製前人較為成功的程式碼,僅嘗試細節微調;標新立異者則不管前人代碼,自己硬幹另闢蹊徑;務實者則是綜合二者,既參考前人成功代碼,也提出更多創意做較大幅度修改。
3. 其結果是務實者的平均分數遠高於其他二者。
4. 75%提交的程式碼幾乎都只是微調或細部修改前人之作。
5. 少數標新立異富含原創性的程式碼中,大部分都失敗,解決問題能力遠低於另二種策略。但少數中的少數原創程式碼卻真能取得革命性進步。
6. 這些極少數的成功原創代碼很快被複製者、務實者模仿並改進,代碼更為簡潔,處理問題成效更高。
----------------------
兩位學者的研究相信對於我們這些經營過事業的人來說非常貼合實際經驗。完全原創的解決方案九成比舊方案還不如,只有少數會成功。模仿與改進前人方案的作法永遠是成功率最高、風險最低的安全策略。
如知名科普作家Matt Ridley就主張人類的創意也是會交配與演化,在競爭之下適者生存。如今看來再複雜難懂的高科技,也都是從一點一點簡單的想法創意彼此交互影響演化出來,沒有人不是站在前人肩膀上。
即便大眾看來橫空出世的愛迪生發明電燈,事實上在當年也早有許多組人馬進行相關研究。例如英國的物理學家Joseph Swan就比愛迪生更早展示他發明的電燈泡(incandescent bulb),並嗣後與愛迪生發生法律糾紛,最終以雙方和解收場。(這邊專利從業人員不禁懷疑愛迪生電燈泡專利的新穎性何在?)
同時期俄羅斯的Alexander Lodygin也發明了電燈泡。事實上根據歷史學家Robert Friedel、 Paul Israel 與 Bernard Finn三人的研究,與愛迪生同時期至少有23組人也各自發明了電燈。
不客氣地說,即便愛迪生在發明電燈之前不幸逝世,這世界享用電燈的時程甚至不會被拖延到一丁點。
而這些人在燈絲製造工藝、玻璃製造工藝、發電與電流配置等等工藝上,也都是站在前人的發明上加以結合改進。與此同時,用電發光在當年甚至已經不是「原創」想法,只是還沒人找到如何工業化大量生產的低成本方案罷了。
更進一步,我們亦可指出現代生活可見的所有產品與服務,細拆其生產要素,無論有形無形,甚至包含到產品設計風格、畫風...等抽象元素,我們都找不到「真正的原創」。
為何?因為需求定律使然,為了能獲利,為了能提高商品服務賣出機率,供應者必然多尋求成功率最高的策略 -- 前述論文的務實者策略。
少部分供應者當然可以嘗試拉高原創性,但依然受到市場競爭的約束,造成9成以上冷門音樂永遠也不會成為大眾流行。
因此當某人哭么中國大陸某款熱賣遊戲只是模仿日本某款經典遊戲的畫風時而忽視遊戲內容有多麼不同時,我的看法只是某人的政治偏見在發作而已。如果光是模仿某經典遊戲畫風就能成功,為何市場並未充斥該種畫風呢?
參考文獻:
* Elena Miu, Ned Gulley, Kevin N. Laland & Luke Rendell, "Innovation and cumulative culture through tweaks and leaps in online programming contests." Nature Communication, June, 2018.
* Matt Ridley, "The Evolution of Everything." 2015.
* Robert Friedel & Paul Israel, With Bernard S. Finn. "Edison's Electric Light, Biography of an Invention." 1986
文章連結:
https://bit.ly/33LYmtT
incandescent light 在 Sharedomo Facebook 的最讚貼文
#SharedomoProjectPan
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//自購// LAURA MERCIER Matte Radiance Baked Powder Compact #01
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今次唔係hit pan,係empty😎第一次用哂一個highlighter,要專登俾一個獨立post佢😂其實睇返record係八個月前已經見底,但足足用咗八個月先用得哂🥴
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呢盒一直都係我最愛嘅highlighter 之一,粉質細緻,香檳金顏色上面唔會突兀,唔會顯毛孔,無論係用喺cheekbone或者鼻樑都做到皮膚自己透出黎嘅光澤感。而且佢無乜閃粉,妝效係日常返工用都恰到好處嘅自然效果。我唔止中意到用哂一塊,仲中意到一早已經買定第二塊😹除咗真愛我都唔知講咩好🥴
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不過Laura Mercier 已經被Shiseido Group收購咗😪如果想買差唔多效果嘅highlighter 其實我早排買嘅 Hourglass Incandescent Strobe Light 一樣都係自然效果,粉質仲更加細膩😚
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incandescent light 在 SAMANTHA LUI Youtube 的精選貼文
❥ 如果你喜歡我的影片歡迎訂閱~下條影片再見
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07:45 SKINCARE • • • • • •
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╰ edit - final cut pro x
╰ subtitle by cyndi
FTC: This video is not sponsored.
Most products that feature have been bought and paid for by myself however I am occasionally sent samples to review under no obligation [*gifted item ^affiliate]. Opinions and views will always be completely honest and my own!
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incandescent light 在 Jamie Chua Youtube 的最讚貼文
It’s been a while since I’ve done a makeup tutorial so I thought it’s high time to share my new normal makeup routine! I love doing this makeup look because it’s easy, it looks fresh, and it lasts long even under a face mask. I also thought I’d share a few tips on how I keep my face acne free.
I hope you loved this video and let me know what extra steps you take to keep your acne free!
Products Mentioned In The Video:
1. Baby Face Skin Reboot Peel Mask
2. Dior Prestige La Lotion Essence de Rose
3. Dior Prestige La micro-huile de rose
4. EviDenS de Beauté The Extreme Eye & Lips Solution
5. Dr. Barbara Sturm Brightening Face Cream
6. EviDenS de Beauté The Total Shield SPF50
7. Guerlain L'Or Radiance Concentrate With Pure Gold
8. Pat McGrath Labs Skin Fetish: Sublime Perfection Foundation
9. Pat McGrath Labs Skin Fetish: Sublime Perfection Concealer
10. Chantecaille Talc Free Loose Powder
11. Hourglass Arch Brow Micro-Sculpting Pencil
12. Charlotte Tilbury Instant Eye Palette - Pillow Talk Collection
13. Charlotte Tilbury Luxury Eyeshadow Palette - Pillow Talk Collection
14. K-Palette 24h Real Lasting Liquid Eyeliner
15. Charlotte Tilbury Rock 'N' Kohl Eyeliner Pencil
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18. Hourglass Ambient Lighting Blush in Incandescent Electra
19. Charlotte Tilbury Lip Cheat Lip Liner
20. Dior Diorific Matte Lipstick (Limited Edition) in 360 Elégante
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incandescent light 在 Mrs. Raven烏鴉太太 Youtube 的最佳貼文
訂閱我吧:https://bit.ly/39KYV8N
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Chapters
0:00 Intro
0:37 我的隨身小包
2:14 我的旅行3C 用品
4:14 我的洗漱包
5:32 我的飾品香氛包
6:35 我的化妝包
好久沒去旅行了, 今年上半年都一直處於原地不動的狀態, 最近開始各地的狀況比較好了一些, 趁著老公要去廈門出差, 訂了海邊的民宿, 準備去放空走走看看, 對我來說行李中最重要的不是衣服,而是旅行的必備品, 只要整理好了這些旅行小物, 行李打包就完成了80%, 你的旅行必備品有哪些呢?跟我一起打包行李吧!
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哈囉我是烏鴉太太
搬來上海 將近一年的時間, 居住在上海徐匯區,這裡是我最喜歡的上海生活區域, 希望能在這裡與你們分享忙碌生活中的平淡小幸福
Hi,
I am Mrs. Raven, I moved to Shanghai with my husband about one year ago. Being a wife, a healthy work-life is my top priority now, and I'd loved to share my leisure moment and how I maintain my little happiness with you. Hope you enjoy the film and if you have any secret of your life, please also share with me!
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incandescent light 在 Incandescent | Light Bulb Types 的相關結果
The incandescent light bulb or lamp is a source of electric light that works by incandescence, which is the emission of light caused by heating the filament ... ... <看更多>
incandescent light 在 incandescent lamp | Definition, Inventor, Types, Examples ... 的相關結果
incandescent lamp, any of various devices that produce light by heating a suitable material to a high temperature. When any solid or gas is heated, ... ... <看更多>
incandescent light 在 Incandescent light bulb - Wikipedia 的相關結果
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. ... <看更多>