關於 it is high time usage ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

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📌Disclaimer: The above review is purely personal opinion. Not everyone likes what I like. Please note that what may work for me, may not work for anyone else. Results may vary from person to person, so please take this into consideration if you decide to try those products.

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📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth

✍️ 田少谷 Shao

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Outline

0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion

0. Intro

The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥

While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.

Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅

Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊

If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏

There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!

1. Uniswap & AMM recap

Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.

Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.

Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:

AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.

In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP

¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity

² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative

³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage

2. Tick

The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.

For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp

By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:

The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.

Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.

Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.

With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯

So, how is the price range of a tick decided?

This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.

The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.

Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.

However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.

This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.

As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.

For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.

p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001

See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?

Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052

But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?

Price range: max & min

To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.

24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:

1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341

1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943

I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌

⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.

How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?

Tick index from price

The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:

Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.

Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm

Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!

⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.

3. Concentrated liquidity

Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.

Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.

As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!

Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂

Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].

If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.

The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.

However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).

We can observe the following two points from the above example:

Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.

√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.

What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!

Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵

⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.

4. Range orders: reversible limit orders

As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:

current price < the targeted price range

current price > the targeted price range

current price belongs to the targeted price range

The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.

The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).

There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!

In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.

Range orders

To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.

The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.

For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.

With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!

Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).

The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.

The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.

If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.

Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.

What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].

This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.

…wut? 🤔

Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!

What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.

The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.

To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:

Only one token is required for range orders.

Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯

I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.

⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.

Reversible limit orders

As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.

We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].

Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.

The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.

As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:

When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸

When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸

A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!

⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.

5. Impacts of v3

Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:

Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.

The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.

LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏

In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.

After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔

Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!

6. Conclusion

That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂

There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅

If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!

Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟

Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

- Luyện đọc và tìm kiếm từ mới nào cả nhà!
Đề Cambridge IELTS 14 Test 2 - passage 2:
BACK TO THE FUTURE OF SKYSCRAPER DESIGN

Answers to the problem of excessive electricity use by skyscrapers and large public buildings can be found in ingenious but forgotten architectural designs of the 19th and early-20th centuries

A. The Recovery of Natural Environments in Architecture by Professor Alan Short is the culmination of 30 years of research and award-winning green building design by Short and colleagues in Architecture, Engineering, Applied Maths and Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge.
'The crisis in building design is already here,' said Short. 'Policy makers think you can solve energy and building problems with gadgets. You can't. As global temperatures continue to rise, we are going to continue to squander more and more energy on keeping our buildings mechanically cool until we have run out of capacity.'

B. Short is calling for a sweeping reinvention of how skyscrapers and major public buildings are designed - to end the reliance on sealed buildings which exist solely via the 'life support' system of vast air conditioning units.
Instead, he shows it is entirely possible to accommodate natural ventilation and cooling in large buildings by looking into the past, before the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems, which were 'relentlessly and aggressively marketed' by their inventors.

C. Short points out that to make most contemporary buildings habitable, they have to be sealed and air conditioned. The energy use and carbon emissions this generates is spectacular and largely unnecessary. Buildings in the West account for 40-50% of electricity usage, generating substantial carbon emissions, and the rest of the world is catching up at a frightening rate. Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status, rather than practical ways of meeting our requirements.

D. Short's book highlights a developing and sophisticated art and science of ventilating buildings through the 19th and earlier-20th centuries, including the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings, including the first Johns Hopkins Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889).
'We spent three years digitally modelling Billings' final designs,' says Short. 'We put pathogens• in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.

E. 'We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour-that's similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre. We believe you could build wards based on these principles now.
Single rooms are not appropriate for all patients. Communal wards appropriate for certain patients - older people with dementia, for example - would work just as well in today's hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.'
Professor Short contends the mindset and skill-sets behind these designs have been completely lost, lamenting the disappearance of expertly designed theatres, opera houses, and other buildings where up to half the volume of the building was given over to ensuring everyone got fresh air.

F. Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas - toxic air that spread disease. Miasmas were feared as the principal agents of disease and epidemics for centuries, and were used to explain the spread of infection from the Middle Ages right through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during the 1850s. Foul air, rather than germs, was believed to be the main driver of 'hospital fever', leading to disease and frequent death. The prosperous steered clear of hospitals.
While miasma theory has been long since disproved, Short has for the last 30 years advocated a return to some of the building design principles produced in its wake.

G. Today, huge amounts of a building's space and construction cost are given over to air conditioning. 'But I have designed and built a series of buildings over the past three decades which have tried to reinvent some of these ideas and then measure what happens. 'To go forward into our new low-energy, low-carbon future, we would be well advised to look back at design before our high-energy, high-carbon present appeared. What is surprising is what a rich legacy we have abandoned.'

H. Successful examples of Short's approach include the Queen's Building at De Montfort University in Leicester. Containing as many as 2,000 staff and students, the entire building is naturally ventilated, passively cooled and naturally lit, including the two largest auditoria, each seating more than 150 people. The award-winning building uses a fraction of the electricity of comparable buildings in the UK.
Short contends that glass skyscrapers in London and around the world will become a liability over the next 20 or 30 years if climate modelling predictions and energy price rises come to pass as expected.

I. He is convinced that sufficiently cooled skyscrapers using the natural environment can be produced in almost any climate. He and his team have worked on hybrid buildings in the harsh climates of Beijing and Chicago - built with natural ventilation assisted by back-up air conditioning - which, surprisingly perhaps, can be switched off more than half the time on milder days and during the spring and autumn.
“My book is a recipe book which looks at the past, how we got to where we are now, and how we might reimagine the cities, offices and homes of the future. There are compelling reasons to do this. The Department of Health says new hospitals should be naturally ventilated, but they are not. Maybe it’s time we changed our outlook.”

TỪ VỰNG CHÚ Ý:

Excessive (adj)/ɪkˈsesɪv/: quá mức
Skyscraper (n)/ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)/: nhà trọc trời
Ingenious (adj)/ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/: khéo léo
Culmination (n) /ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn/: điểm cao nhất
Crisis (n)/ˈkraɪsɪs/: khủng hoảng
Gadget (n)/ˈɡædʒɪt/: công cụ
Squander (v)/ˈskwɒndə(r)/: lãng phí
Reliance (n)/rɪˈlaɪəns/: sự tín nhiệm
Vast (adj)/vɑːst/: rộng lớn
Accommodate (v)/əˈkɒmədeɪt/: cung cấp
Ventilation (n)/ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/: sự thông gió
Habitable (adj)/ˈhæbɪtəbl/: có thể ở được
Spectacular (adj)/spekˈtækjələ(r)/: ngoạn mục, đẹp mắt
Account for /əˈkaʊnt//fə(r)/ : chiếm
Substantial (adj)/səbˈstænʃl/: đáng kể
Frightening (adj)/ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/: kinh khủng
Sophisticated (adj)/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/: phức tạp
Pathogen (n)/ˈpæθədʒən/: mầm bệnh
Tuberculosis (n)/tjuːˌbɜːkjuˈləʊsɪs/: bệnh lao
Communal (adj)/kəˈmjuːnl/: công cộng
Dementia (n)/dɪˈmenʃə/: chứng mất trí
Fraction (n)/ˈfrækʃn/: phần nhỏ
Lament (v)/ləˈment/: xót xa
Panicked (adj): hoảng loạn
Lethal (adj)/ˈliːθl/: gây chết người
Threat (n)/θret/: mối nguy
Miasmas (n)/miˈæzmə/: khí độc
Infection (n) /ɪnˈfekt/: sự nhiễm trùng
Cholera (n)/ˈkɒl.ər.ə/: dịch tả
Outbreak (n)/ˈaʊt.breɪk/: sự bùng nổ
Disprove (v)/dɪˈspruːv/: bác bỏ
Advocate (v)/ˈæd.və.keɪt/: ủng hộ
Auditoria (n)/ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːriə/ : thính phòng
Comparable (adj)/ˈkɒm.pər.ə.bəl/: có thể so sánh được
Contend (v) /kənˈtend/: cho rằng
Liability (n)/ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/: nghĩa vụ pháp lý
Convince (v) /kənˈvɪns/: Thuyết phục
Assist (v) /əˈsɪst/: để giúp đỡ

Các bạn cùng tham khảo nhé!

硬漢兄弟表示：我們被恐嚇了！『請幫幫我們』
#社會案件 #硬啦 #硬漢兄弟
-----//不自殺聲明//-----

本人在此特地聲明，謹此宣告，絕不自殺，絕不發生意外。

本人樂觀開朗，身體健康，近期至未來五十年之人生規劃都已妥當，交友廣闊，身無隱疾，且家中尚有老父老母需奉養，絕無任何自殺輕生之意圖。近期也未規劃前往外地旅遊踏青，生活作息正常，更無機會接觸木炭、毒藥、槍砲彈藥等危險管制物品。

本人並無任何使我困擾之慢性病或心理疾病，故絕不可能做出任何看似自殺之行為。

本人從無睡眠困擾，故不需服用安眠藥，更不會有服用過量的問題。

本人強調個人不酗酒也不吸毒。

。本人近期嚴守其身絕不會接近下列地點，例如：

1. 開放性水域以及偏郊積水攤
2. 任何無救生員之游泳池
3. 有高壓、危險氣體，或密閉式未經抽氣處理之地下室、蓄水池、水桶等
4. 無安全護欄之任何高處
5. 任何施工地點（拆政府除外），包括製作消波塊之工地
6. 任何以上未提及但為一般人正常不會前往之地點

。本人恪遵下列事項：

1. 開車或騎摩托車之前會檢查煞車部件、油門線等，並會在加油前關閉車輛電源與行動電話。
2. 絕不擅搶黃燈、闖紅燈。
3. 乘坐任何軌道類交通工具，本人一定退到警戒線後一步以上，直到車輛停妥。
4. 騎乘機車必戴安全帽；乘車必繫安全帶。
5. 絕不接近任何會放射對人體有立即危害的輻射之場所（如核電廠）或設備。
6. 颱風天不登山、不觀浪。

。本人將盡可能注意居家電器、瓦斯、火源之使用。
。本人居住之房屋均使用符合法規之電路電線，絕無電線走火之可能；
。本人絕對不在家中置放過量可燃性氣體或液體。
。浴室中除該有之照明外，不放置任何電器用品，
。睡覺前會關閉大量耗能電器，僅保持電燈、冰箱、電扇外之所有電器開關。
。本人絕不會與隨機的不明人士起衝突，並盡可能保護自我人身安全。

若本人被發現死亡，且現場無外力及打鬥掙扎痕跡，如在車內房間等等隱蔽場所，絕非本人自殺。

若網友在看完此聲明之後，近期或將來發現此帳號不再發片，請幫我討回公道，謝謝。


。I, declares to whom may concern:
。I am optimistic with healthy fitness,
。without any illness or disease confuse me,
。so I will NOT do any thing connected to suicide by any means.
。I do NOT have medical issues with sleeping,
。so I do NOT need to take any medicals about it.
。I am NOT an alcoholic nor having drug addiction,

。neither visit the following places alone and / or with relatives or friends:

1. Open water area
2. Pool without watcher
3. Closed place like not ventilated tank, pool, cellar with hazardous gas
　(i.e. high pressure gas, explosive gas, toxic gas, etc.)
4. Any place without safe barriers from falling
5. Any building site (well, except the deconstruction place for governmental buildings),

。including spots to making concretes.

6. Any place does not mentioned above, where no common people might visit.

。I strictly follow the under rules:
　1. I check my brakes and parts before driving,
　　and turn off my mobile and the power of my vehicle.
　2. I do not rush in traffic lights.
　3. I keep the distance for more than one step from the security line
　　while taking any vehicle or transportation if they have, until they are
　　fully parked and ready to aboard.
　4. I wear helmet with scooters or motorbike properly.
　　I wield safety belt while driving or being a passenger.
　5. I will NOT close any harmful radiative place (like nuclear plant) or equipments.
　6. I will NOT go hiking, wave seeing, or visit any dangerous places.

。I try my best to watch over the usage of appliance, gasoline and fire.
。My place uses legally certificated safe electricity equipments,
。thus the possibility of having accidents in fire IS insignificant.
。In addition to this, I never have illegal amount of flammable gas or liquid.
。I do not have any appliance despite of necessary lighting,
。and turn off all switches despite of lights, refrigerators or fans.
。I do not having conflicts with strangers,
。and put my personal security as highest priority.
。Hereby I authorize any of you who viewed this statement to have rights to announcing charges
　or calling police, once this account does not login for days (legal definition of missing a long time)

硬漢兄弟 instagram ➡️ http://t.cn/EZXWwX8
硬漢妹妹 instagram ➡️ http://bit.ly/2TaM4Gr
硬漢兄弟 facebook粉專 ➡️ https://www.facebook.com/K122427/
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下是演員的instagram連結 ⬇️
導演-阿伯怪 ➡️ https://goo.gl/EamhcU
黃包包-➡️ http://t.cn/EtXBcY3
虎牙陳伊➡️ http://t.cn/EPEts5a
魷魚➡️ http://bit.ly/2LJlUa8

成為這個頻道的會員並獲得獎勵：
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIuNPxqDGG08p3EqCwY0XIg/join

#銅鑼灣驚安之殿堂 #名古屋千里馬

由於驚安之殿堂即將在銅鑼灣隆重開幕 Due to the upcoming grand opening of the Donki in Causeway Bay

除了有四層之外, 還會開24小時, 位置就在HMV的位置 The shop will occupy 4 floors n open 24hours locate at HVM in CWB.

為了令到大家對日本產品有更多認識 In order to make u know more about Japanese products

今日就同大家分享, 我上年在名古屋最平的妝藥店 Today I will share with u the cheapest pharmacy in Nagoya that I went last year.

千里馬, 位置好方便，就在名古屋車站旁邊, 相當出名 Senrima very famous n convenience just next to Nagoya Station.

如果大家遲些去名古屋的話 If u come to Nagoya later,

這間妝藥店一定不可以錯過, 因為它的產品好多元化 This is a Must Go u shouldn't miss. Products are diversify.

它總共有五層, 退稅就在5樓, U can claim tax refund at 5th floor.

這裏好多產品，驚安之殿堂都有得買 Many products here u can also buy in Donki

有一樣是好重要的，千里馬只收現金 Cash Only in here, no credit card or anything else.

快些來看看今日的十大必買, are u ready? Let's take a quick look of the top 10 best buy.

第一必買, Bourbon 熊仔特濃朱古力曲奇, 56 Yen=4.04HKG The 1st best buy is Bourbon cookies 56yen.

香港乜乜tv mall賣這個減了價仍要32hkd (原價55hkd 4條) HK online shop is selling 55hkdx4 at original price.

買回去給reception, 或秘書姐姐, Buy some for young ladies at your office

吿訴她你去旅行的時候, 見到好可愛好親她 Tell them the bear on the package look as cute as them

要氹人歡喜, 買熊仔餅曲奇

第二必買, Natori 小粒鮑魚, 一包有九粒 2nd best buy is little abalone, 9pieces in 1 pack.

鮑魚用微火慢煮，放在嘴裏咀嚼，豪華濃郁山珍海味在口中蔓延 The abalone is cooked slowly on a low heat and chewed in the mouth with seafood aroma.

精心挑選日本出產的小鮑魚，質地柔軟有嚼勁 Those abalones are carefully selected in Japan , soft and chewy

食落去有日本的海水味, 零食中的最高享受。 It tastes of Japanese seawater, the highest enjoyment among snacks.

第三必買, 醬油鵪鶉蛋, 用了日本高湯昆布和魚一起淆製 3rd best buy is soy sauce quail eggs, made with Japanese broth from kombu n fish

加上味醂和醬油, 加在家中煮的拉麵, 非常有日本風味 Add mirin n soy sauce into ramen cooked at home, it has a very Japanese flavor

不用搭飛機, 都可以幻想自己坐在日本的拉麵店, Without flying to Japan n fantasy u are already there.

而且非常低的卡路里, 一次過食四五粒都不覺高膽固醇 It's very low in calories. U doon't feel high cholesterol even after eating 4-5pieces at a time.

另外亦都有一個絕配就是鹽燒扇貝, 一起食拍住上, 超爽! There is a perfect match for salted scallops, eat together with quail eggs is super cool!

鹽燒扇貝的另一種食法, 就是可以做茶漬飯,一樣咁好味。 Another way of eating is yummy Chazuke!

第四必買,這間 Spaghetti House YOKOI 住吉店 4th best buy is "Ankake" a thick sauce with a taste of meat sauce like from Spaghetti House Yokoi

它的餐廳在名古屋是非常出名的, Its restaurant is very famous in Nagoya,

所以它的醬汁是出名到會在超市或食品公司買到 So its sauce is famous to be bought in supermarkets or groceries

如果你買回家自己煮, 配菜可以配合香腸、 雞蛋、炸蝦等 If u cook at home, the side dishes can be combined with sausage, eggs n fried shrimp, etc.

亦可以落洋蔥、青椒和蘑菇, Onions, green peppers n mushrooms are also good to eat with it.

這個醬汁, 在名古屋被形容為靈魂料理, 名副其實是名古屋特產! This Ankake is described as a soul dish in Nagoya. It is indeed a Nagoya specialty!
.......................................
Pls watch video to find out more info.
如果你在香港的日本超市, 或即將開幕的驚安之殿堂見到, 記得買回來試試呀! Remember to buy some if u see this in supermarket.

第五必買, 花王拋光打地蠟水, 去污漬一流, The 5th best buy is Kao flooring phosphorus polish spray excellent for remove stains

讓我為大家示範一下 Let me show you

這包就是我上年年尾去名古屋千里馬買的, I bought this last year in Senrima.

遲些我會逐樣為大家介紹示範開箱 Later I will introduce the items to you one by one

它的去污力好強, 輕而易舉抹幾下就立刻乾淨曬 Its detergency is so strong that it can be cleaned immediately with just a few wipes

這些污漬是我刮花了好耐的, 用過其他清潔劑都抹不掉 I've been scratching these stains for a long time n I can't wipe them off with other cleaning agents.

讓我倒少少在乾布上面, 分量好似一元面積般 Let me pour it on the dry cloth, the usage is like a dollar size

味道有點似清新的草木香,不用開水, Fragrance of the refreshing citrus without mixing with water.

抹了兩下之後, 地下是否白了好多呢 After wiping it twice, is the floor much brighter?

抹完之後地板亦都不會黐立立，好快乾爽。 In the finish which dried quickly, and was silky.

為何這裏那麼污糟呢, 因為我書房有兩張櫈 Why is it so dirty here, because my study has two aeron chairs

其中一張凳好少用, 有時我坐了上去，轆的膠黐了在地下 1 of it is so seldom used, sometimes I sit on it,n the rubber of the wheel is sticked onto the floor

好難清洗, 直至買到這支東西, 抹兩下就乾淨曬。 It's hard to clean until I bought this n wipe it clean easily.

第六必買, 兵六餅, 這個是日本的懷舊小食 The 6th best buy is ひょうろくもち is a nostalgic snack in Japan

食起上來, 口味融合了紫菜和抹茶的奇妙風味、類似軟糖的口感， The taste combines the wonderful flavor of seaweed and matcha,

尤其是裏面是用可以食的糯米紙，更加香軟煙韌。 Especially with edible glutinous rice paper wrap which is more fragrant n soft

兵六餅背後有個故事, 從鹿兒島鄉土文學著作「大石兵六夢物語」而來。

盒上的插圖是一位打倒大蛇怪的薩摩士兵。 二次大戰日本戰敗後，

該商品有兩次被美國大兵禁賣，......for more info, pls watch video.

請用片右下角調4K睇片。

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(GIVEAWAY CLOSED)
Congrats to the WINNER!!!
Imari Yu

You don't need to adjust the heat. 10 minutes on medium-high, 10 minutes steaming! Then you will get perfect steamed rice :) ENJOY!!!

AKOMEYA TOKYO Original Arita Ware Kuroyu (black glaze) Donabe (Clay Pot)
AKOMEYA TOKYOオリジナル 有田焼 黒釉(くろゆう)土鍋
http://www.akomeya.jp/akomeyablog/essay/donabe/

FYI: What is Akomeya Tokyo?
Premium rice shop in Ginza
http://www.timeout.com/tokyo/shopping/akomeya-tokyo
米をコンセプトにしたショップ
http://www.timeout.jp/tokyo/ja/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0/akomeya-tokyo

How to Cook Steamed White Rice in a Regular Pot (普通の鍋でご飯の炊き方)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DovkRLdU_DE

How to Cook Steamed White Rice using a Rice Cooker (炊飯器でご飯の炊き方)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUWV9rEme7c

---------------------------------
How to Cook Steamed White Rice (Gohan) in AKOMEYA TOKYO Original Arita Ware Kuroyu (black glaze) Clay Pot

Difficulty: Super Easy
Time: 30min soaking time + 20 min
Number of servings: 4 (2 cups of rice)

Ingredients:
2 rice cups (360ml) = 300g (10.6oz.) Japanese-style rice
400ml water

Directions:
1. Measure the rice with a measuring cup for rice and put it in a bowl.
2. Wash the rice with cold water. As for 2 cups, wash 4 or 5 times. Water does not have to be clear but somewhat clean. Then drain.
3. Place the rice in the pot and add water. Let the rice soak in the water at least 30 minutes.
4. Place the inner lid and upper lid, make sure the holes of both lids won't overlap and arranged to cross each other at right angle.
5. Set the pot on the gas stove and heat on medium high for 10 minutes.
6. Turn off the heat and let it steam for about 10-15 minutes.
7. Toss the rice lightly with a rice paddle and serve.

AKOMEYA recommended cooking time:
1 cup of rice = 8 minutes
2 cups of rice = 10 minutes
3 cups of rice = 12 minutes

NOTE: The amount of water should be adjusted depending on how firm you like your rice and the condition of the rice itself. In particular, the moisture content of new rice is higher, so less water is needed.

Usage Note:
* please wash and dry well after each use
* use only on gas stove
* do NOT use as a deep fryer
* do NOT heat without water in it

↓レシピ（日本語）
http://cooklabo.blogspot.jp/2015/11/1010.html
---------------------------------

Music by
YouTube Audio Library
Old Bossa

FYI (products I used in my videos):
http://www.amazon.co.jp/lm/R3VVDX7JZ5GYJE/?_encoding=UTF8&camp=247&creative=7399&linkCode=ur2&tag=shopping072-22

♥Original T-SHIRTS♥
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFsQE0qd_4w

♥Visit my Blog to know more about ME♥
http://createeathappy.blogspot.com/

♥My Recipe Posts in Japanese♥
http://cooklabo.blogspot.jp/
http://cookpad.com/ami
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