1950 -1955 港大建築系第一屆畢業生
我們上一篇文章提及過高級職員宿舍是香港大學建築學系創系教授Raymond Gordon Brown及Chau & Lee所設計。布朗教授於1950年獲委任為建築系院長,將現代建築風格引入香港大學之餘,也訓練出第一批本港出產建築師。當時現代主義建築風潮席捲全球,而戰後香港人口急速上升,面對二戰後的頹垣敗瓦,急需大量新建設,現代主義建築正好提供了解決方案,而社會亦急需一批人才投入建設。
布朗教授可說是桃李滿門,1955年首屆建築系畢業生包括王澤生及伍振民(創立王伍建築工程師事務所,後來歐陽昭加入組成王伍歐陽建築工程師事務所,其後伍振民退出,改為現今的王歐陽(香港)有限公司)、廖本懷(香港首個華人政務司,房屋司)、其後亦有李景勳(創立同名建築師樓)及吳煜民等。為戰後香港城市發展貢獻良多。班上超過半數是中國及香港華人,其餘學生來自馬來西亞、泰國、印度、印尼、台灣、葡國,十分國際化。
布朗教授和這批港產初代建築師的早年作品均已有六七十年歴史,不少面臨拆卸重建,包括布朗教授的高級職員宿舍,快將被重建的觀塘賽馬會診所便是王伍的作品。而廖本懷設計的老牌屋邨有和樂邨、福來邨、華富邨等等,當中華富邨亦被規劃於2027年重建。
創系理念
根據布朗教授創系時的筆記,他不認為香港建築系只是歐美學校的影子,亦需要吸收當地的知識去為當地人建設。他甚至聘請了一名風水師教學。學生最重要的質素是sensitivity and imagination,logical thinking,technical sense,administrative ability and power of self-expression。而Far East Builder亦收錄了一些一年班學生的畫作。
在香港的時光,布朗教授及瑞典藉教師不時帶領學生往田野考察(field trip),包括大嶼山寶蓮寺,澳門教堂等等。凌晨時份探望在設計室(studio)埋頭苦幹的學生並提供設計意見,更招待學生們一起享用早餐。據說對學費不足的學生亦樂意慷慨解囊。期間設計了香港大學多幢建築物及在學生廖本懷、Gus da Roza、王澤生的協助下設計了香港大會堂。
直到1957年,由於香港大學開始禁止教師同時私人執業,布朗教授不滿而辭職,並離開了香港大學和香港。建築系上下於沙田大酒店設宴送別布朗教授。隨後他亦去過其他學校任教,很可惜布朗教授最後於英國1962年逝世。
參考書籍:
<熱戀建築>
<筆生建築>
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淺談「假新聞」
最近上課時學到一個新單字「positionality」,讓我想到當前社群媒體上,不停看到的「fake news」——假新聞。
簡言之,「positionality」(位置性) 被定義為於種族、階級、性別、性取向以及能力等狀態中,創造你身分的社會與政治背景。位置性還描述了你的身分如何影響你對世界的理解與看法,以及潛在的偏見。
positionality 位置性;定位
https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/3390885/
https://www.lexico.com/definition/positionality
以下是我對「positionality」與 「fake news」的些許觀點:
“Fake news” has permeated all facets of life, ranging from social media interaction to presidential elections. Fake news can be defined as “fabricated information that mimics news media content in form but not in organizational process or intent” (Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1094). The creators and outlets of fake news do not ensure the accuracy and credibility of information, but rather disseminate misinformation or disinformation for purposes ranging from personal amusement to creating deceptions to achieve political aims. At times, fake news is created and disseminated by state or non-state actors using social media accounts and networks of bots designed to hijack feed algorithms of platforms such as Twitter or Facebook (Prier, 2017, p. 54). In the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, Facebook estimated that up to 60 million bots were used to post political content. Some of the same bots were then used in an attempt to influence the 2017 French election (Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1095). Such campaigns can be understood as a form of information warfare, a comprehensive attempt to control and influence every facet of the information supply chain, thereby influencing public opinion and behaviors. (Prier, 2017, p. 54). Often, fake news is not directly created by actors that seek to manipulate but by journalists or content creators whose content favors or aligns with the narratives of these actors (Doshi, 2020).
從社群媒體的互動到總統選舉,「假新聞」(fake news)已滲透至生活的各個層面。假新聞可被定義為「在形式上而非組織過程或意圖上,模仿新聞媒體內容所捏造的資訊」(Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1094)。無論是出於個人愛好或為達政治目的而有所欺瞞,假新聞的製造者與傳播管道並不保證資訊的準確性與可信度,反而是為了散播錯誤訊息(misinformation)或扭曲訊息(disinformation)。有時,假新聞是由國家或非國家行為者(state or non-state actors)所製造與傳播,藉由社群媒體帳號及網絡機器人來劫持諸如臉書與推特等平臺的推送演算法(Prier, 2017, p. 54)。在2016年的美國總統大選中,臉書估計有多達6千萬個機器人被用來發布政治貼文。其中,有部分機器人被用於影響隔年的法國大選(Lazer et al., 2018, p. 1095)。此類行動可視為資訊戰(information warfare)的一種形式,一種對控制與影響資訊供應鏈各環節的全面嘗試,從而影響公眾輿論與行為(Prier, 2017, p. 54)。假新聞通常是由記者或內容創造者(content creators)所創造,而非試圖操弄的行為者,前者的內容偏好符合後者的敘事(Doshi, 2020)。
Nevertheless, while the term “fake news” is commonplace, there is no universal, measurable way to quantify the fakeness or truthfulness of news. There are many fact-checking and media-bias detection tools, but they cannot objectively detect and clarify the more subtle and nuanced aims of manipulative actors that play a crucial role in news production. It can also be argued that the veracity of news depends not only on the actors that seek to manipulate it, but also on the positionality of its consumers. Therefore, one’s initial line of defense against misleading news lies not in the plethora of fact-checking devices but more in one’s pre-existing dispositions and skills to think and act in response to misleading information. This ability can be referred to as critical thinking, which can be more concretely expounded as “reasonable and reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do” (Ennis, 2011, p. 15).
然而,即便「假新聞」一詞隨處可見,卻沒有統一、可衡量的方式來量化新聞的虛假性或真實性。目前有許多事實查核與媒體偏見檢測工具,但它們無法客觀地檢測與說明行為操弄者更狡猾、更細緻的目標,而這些操弄者往往在新聞的生產中發揮著重要作用。我們也可以說,新聞的真實性不僅取決於試圖操弄它的行為者,同時還取決於新聞受眾的位置性。因此,一個人對抗誤導性新聞的第一道防線,不在於這些五花八門的事實查核方式,反而在於個人所固有的性格,以及針對誤導性資訊的思考與行動等相關技能。這種能力可稱為批判性思考(critical thinking),意即「專注於決定相信什麼或做什麼的理性思考與反思性思考」(Ennis, 2011, p. 15)。
Taiwan, also known as the Republic of China (ROC), is at the forefront of information warfare. It is wedged between the geopolitical struggles of global and regional hegemonies such as the United States and China, the People's Republic of China (PRC). Compounding the matter are the Taiwan’s own political actors vying for influence and power. This struggle seeps into all aspects of life and practice, mainly manifesting itself on social media, a battleground of information warfare. The Ministry of Education of Taiwan is cognizant of these information campaigns, and efforts have been made to introduce media literacy into all parts of its education system. According to the ministry, the government has tried to promote media literacy education since 2000 (MOE, 2002, p. 1), with one of its primary goals to cultivate its “citizens” abilities for independent learning, critical thinking, and problem solving” (MOE, 2002, p. 2).
臺灣,也被稱為中華民國,正處於資訊戰的最前線。這是全球霸權與地區霸權之間——如美國與中國(中華人民共和國)——的地緣政治對抗。使問題惡化的是臺灣自身的政治行動者對影響力與權力的奪取。這場對抗遍布於現實生活的各個面向,主要於社群媒體中——資訊戰的戰場——展露無遺。臺灣的教育部注意到了這些資訊的煙硝,並已努力將媒體素養引入其教育體系。據該部稱,自2000年以來,政府一直試圖推展媒體素養教育(MOE, 2002, p. 1),其主要目標之一是培養「公民獨立學習、批判性思考以及解決問題的能力。」(MOE, 2002, p. 2)。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
上述段落認為,由於個人的位置性(positionality),「假新聞」極難定義。此外,有許多人把不符合自身成見與偏好的新聞逕斥為假新聞。這其實相當危險,因為個人觀點將會變得愈發孤立與激進。
閱聽人應意識到,他們在網路上看到的每個資訊都有特定立場。是否真有毫無立場的新聞文章?為了對抗操弄性或強制性資訊(coercive information),我們必須意識到權力於個中的作用,以及我們自身的位置性如何形塑我們的詮釋。這是我們的第一道防線。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
參考文獻
Doshi, R. (2020, January). China steps up its information war in Taiwan. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved March, 21, 2021, from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2020-01-09/china-steps-its-information-war-taiwan
Ennis, R. H. (1985). A logical basis for measuring critical thinking skills. Educational leadership, 43(2), 44-48.
Lazer, D. M., Baum, M. A., Benkler, Y., Berinsky, A. J., Greenhill, K. M., Menczer, F., ... & Zittrain, J. L. (2018). The science of fake news. Science, 359(6380), 1094-1096.
MOE (Ministry of Education), Taiwan. (2002). White paper on media literacy educational policy. Retrieved March, 21, 2021, from http://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/ 2122416591771.pdf
Prier, J. (2017). Commanding the trend: Social media as information warfare. Strategic Studies Quarterly: SSQ, 11(4), 50-85.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9
相關詞彙: https://bit.ly/2UncrfI
TED相關影片: https://bit.ly/3BDsDKl
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#nulo_career
Bi, Ba cái gương và thủy tinh cầu
Bi là gì?
dì mới thấy 1 job ở SG khá hay đang tuyển dành cho fresh nên dì muốn share cho các cháu thích làm việc với data, dân ngành nào cũng đâm sang được miễn thích data, tools và luôn thích tự học.
Bi là Business Intelligence
Ba là Business Analytics
2 bạn này là 2 môn phái giúp cho doanh nghiệp đưa ra 1 quyết định trọng đại (Decision making)
BI BA khác nhau chứ
BI là tạo ra một tấm gương từ dữ liệu từ 30 giây cho đến rất nhiều năm trước để doanh nghiệp nhìn vô xem lại cái nết ăn ở, tình hình kinh doanh vừa qua của mình để cải thiện sửa đổi
BA là tạo ra quả cầu thủy tinh cho thấy tương lai- từ data của thị trường và doanh nghiệp, để mí bác lãnh đạo hiểu và dự đoán những thứ sắp xảy ra vd như dự định market entrance- thâm nhập và làm ăn ở 1 thị trường mới chẳng hạn,
Người Bi và Ba kiểu gì cũng phải làm lấn sân nhau 1 xíu để có kiến thức kỹ năng toàn diện hơn
tạm vậy đã, cho các cháu biết và phân biệt 2 job tưởng là 1 mà là 2 này, khi nào rảnh dì viết thêm, các cháu có thể tự tìm hiểu thêm nhe
Bên dưới là job đang tuyển cho fresh, JD điển hình cho BI
Intrepid Vietnam is looking for
Junior BI Analyst (8-10 mil experience based)
Deadline for application: 26/2/2020
The role:
We are looking for a generalist, who is eager to learn and has an eye for detail. As a Junior BI Analyst, you will be using different tools to
- Develop and automate internal & external reports
Build dashboards to visualize quantitative information
- Maintain database and other documents
- Fulfill ad-hoc requests
Who we look for – the ideal profile:
- Intermediate English and above
- From 6 months of experience in Ecommerce or in a data-driven position of other industries.
- Advanced Excel and Google sheet is a must.
- Strong logical thinking and problem-solving skills is a must.
- Good communication & ability to probe for users’ data needs.
- Ability to operate independently as well as work in a team.
- Good fit with our company culture: collaborative, open, humble, driven, analytical, structured,
professional, fun, passionate, entrepreneurial with a hands-on - “Can do” mindset
Good to have
- Basic understanding of data modeling is preferred.
- Some experience with languages for ETL such as SQL, Python is a plus.
- Some experience with data visualization tools such as Data Studio, Power BI, Tableau, etc. is a
plus.
What we offer
- Competitive compensation (with 13th month annual bonus)
Opportunity to be a key part of a fast-growing leading Ecommerce enabler in SEA, offering
exciting career opportunities
- Ample opportunity for personal and professional development, both on the job and through
regular training (Ecommerce & (Digital) Marketing topics, soft skills and leadership training).
- English speaking international environment, open, collaborative and fun culture, and a nice & centrally located office (WeWork D4)
- Additional 2 annual leave (besides regular annual leave for all Vietnamese holidays recognized by Vietnamese labor law and 12 days personal annual leave).
About Intrepid Vietnam
Intrepid is a fast-growing and industry-leading ecommerce enabler, making sellers and brands successful in Ecommerce on all marketplace platforms across South East Asia through a combination of software solutions and value-added services across store management, online marketing, customer service (e.g. chat), data & intelligence, and fulfilment & logistics. The company operates in Indonesia, Philippines,Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand and soon Malaysia, was built by ex-Lazada founders and is run by a young, enthusiastic and energetic team, looking to help brands and sellers seize the full potential of the ecommerce opportunity in South East Asia
Application:
Email title [Job name] [YourName] [+ Badinulomember-để được ưu tiên xíu xíu <3 ]
contact:
[email protected]
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