關於 london pass go city ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

這次很開心與英國 Art Fund 合作，一同推廣倫敦地區值得一去的博物館，將用照片帶大家造訪三個博物館。

首先是位在東倫敦的巴比肯藝術中心（Barbican Centre），作為全歐洲最大的表演中心，明年就即將滿四十歲了，這裡不只有展覽，還有電影、演奏會和舞台劇的表演功能，是我很喜歡的一個藝術展演空間。周邊的巴比肯區高樓林立，因為在二戰期間被轟炸地較嚴重，因此建築更具有現代感，其中以粗獷主義（Brutalism）為最大特色（巴比肯中心便是粗獷主義的代表作），讓人感受到多元可能性的活力氣氛。

拜訪 Barbican Centre 時我看了二個展覽，分別是法國現代藝術大師尚‧杜布菲（Jean Dubuffet）的作品展，與瑞士攝影師 Claudia Andujar 拍攝巴西原住民亞諾馬米人（Yanomami）紀實攝影展，他們都用作品反映社會，一個是戰後的法國巴黎，一個則是二十一世紀的叢林悲歌。有別於倫敦其他藝文空間較多著重古典，在這裡能看見新潮、衝突、大膽和趣味，逛累了還能到頂層的溫室花園走走，在繁忙的倫敦市裡，有一個能在花花草草中自在俯瞰街區的位置。

在英國的朋友，申請 Student Art Pass 造訪全英國合作的博物館，就能以半價優惠購票，這個夏日，一起重返博物館！

Honoured and excited to be the ambassador of @StudentArtPass @ArtFund!

The first museum of our journey is Barbican Centre, the amazing multi-arts centre located in East London. Diverse exhibitions, performances and films can be found here, it is like a magic box that will never bore you.

I visited two exhibitions this time. The works of Jean Dubuffet shows how this artist captures the moments of everyday life and his tremendous impacts on postwar France. While Claudia Andujar's photographs of Yanomami, the indigenous people living in the Amazon Forest, make us seek the outer worlds and discover what's inside ourselves.

Also, follow my path to the conservatory, where you can enjoy the sunshine and feel the breath of the city!

Always bring your @studentartpass to get a 50% off. It’s now available for £5! Let’s go #MuseumTripping !

Ralph #WeAreArtful

IG: www.instagram.com/pengshaoyu

- Luyện đọc và tìm kiếm từ mới nào cả nhà!
Đề Cambridge IELTS 14 Test 2 - passage 2:
BACK TO THE FUTURE OF SKYSCRAPER DESIGN

Answers to the problem of excessive electricity use by skyscrapers and large public buildings can be found in ingenious but forgotten architectural designs of the 19th and early-20th centuries

A. The Recovery of Natural Environments in Architecture by Professor Alan Short is the culmination of 30 years of research and award-winning green building design by Short and colleagues in Architecture, Engineering, Applied Maths and Earth Sciences at the University of Cambridge.
'The crisis in building design is already here,' said Short. 'Policy makers think you can solve energy and building problems with gadgets. You can't. As global temperatures continue to rise, we are going to continue to squander more and more energy on keeping our buildings mechanically cool until we have run out of capacity.'

B. Short is calling for a sweeping reinvention of how skyscrapers and major public buildings are designed - to end the reliance on sealed buildings which exist solely via the 'life support' system of vast air conditioning units.
Instead, he shows it is entirely possible to accommodate natural ventilation and cooling in large buildings by looking into the past, before the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems, which were 'relentlessly and aggressively marketed' by their inventors.

C. Short points out that to make most contemporary buildings habitable, they have to be sealed and air conditioned. The energy use and carbon emissions this generates is spectacular and largely unnecessary. Buildings in the West account for 40-50% of electricity usage, generating substantial carbon emissions, and the rest of the world is catching up at a frightening rate. Short regards glass, steel and air-conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status, rather than practical ways of meeting our requirements.

D. Short's book highlights a developing and sophisticated art and science of ventilating buildings through the 19th and earlier-20th centuries, including the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of particular interest were those built to the designs of John Shaw Billings, including the first Johns Hopkins Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889).
'We spent three years digitally modelling Billings' final designs,' says Short. 'We put pathogens• in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the wards and we found the ventilation systems in the room would have kept other patients safe from harm.

E. 'We discovered that 19th-century hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes an hour-that's similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer-controlled operating theatre. We believe you could build wards based on these principles now.
Single rooms are not appropriate for all patients. Communal wards appropriate for certain patients - older people with dementia, for example - would work just as well in today's hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost.'
Professor Short contends the mindset and skill-sets behind these designs have been completely lost, lamenting the disappearance of expertly designed theatres, opera houses, and other buildings where up to half the volume of the building was given over to ensuring everyone got fresh air.

F. Much of the ingenuity present in 19th-century hospital and building design was driven by a panicked public clamouring for buildings that could protect against what was thought to be the lethal threat of miasmas - toxic air that spread disease. Miasmas were feared as the principal agents of disease and epidemics for centuries, and were used to explain the spread of infection from the Middle Ages right through to the cholera outbreaks in London and Paris during the 1850s. Foul air, rather than germs, was believed to be the main driver of 'hospital fever', leading to disease and frequent death. The prosperous steered clear of hospitals.
While miasma theory has been long since disproved, Short has for the last 30 years advocated a return to some of the building design principles produced in its wake.

G. Today, huge amounts of a building's space and construction cost are given over to air conditioning. 'But I have designed and built a series of buildings over the past three decades which have tried to reinvent some of these ideas and then measure what happens. 'To go forward into our new low-energy, low-carbon future, we would be well advised to look back at design before our high-energy, high-carbon present appeared. What is surprising is what a rich legacy we have abandoned.'

H. Successful examples of Short's approach include the Queen's Building at De Montfort University in Leicester. Containing as many as 2,000 staff and students, the entire building is naturally ventilated, passively cooled and naturally lit, including the two largest auditoria, each seating more than 150 people. The award-winning building uses a fraction of the electricity of comparable buildings in the UK.
Short contends that glass skyscrapers in London and around the world will become a liability over the next 20 or 30 years if climate modelling predictions and energy price rises come to pass as expected.

I. He is convinced that sufficiently cooled skyscrapers using the natural environment can be produced in almost any climate. He and his team have worked on hybrid buildings in the harsh climates of Beijing and Chicago - built with natural ventilation assisted by back-up air conditioning - which, surprisingly perhaps, can be switched off more than half the time on milder days and during the spring and autumn.
“My book is a recipe book which looks at the past, how we got to where we are now, and how we might reimagine the cities, offices and homes of the future. There are compelling reasons to do this. The Department of Health says new hospitals should be naturally ventilated, but they are not. Maybe it’s time we changed our outlook.”

TỪ VỰNG CHÚ Ý:

Excessive (adj)/ɪkˈsesɪv/: quá mức
Skyscraper (n)/ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)/: nhà trọc trời
Ingenious (adj)/ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/: khéo léo
Culmination (n) /ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn/: điểm cao nhất
Crisis (n)/ˈkraɪsɪs/: khủng hoảng
Gadget (n)/ˈɡædʒɪt/: công cụ
Squander (v)/ˈskwɒndə(r)/: lãng phí
Reliance (n)/rɪˈlaɪəns/: sự tín nhiệm
Vast (adj)/vɑːst/: rộng lớn
Accommodate (v)/əˈkɒmədeɪt/: cung cấp
Ventilation (n)/ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/: sự thông gió
Habitable (adj)/ˈhæbɪtəbl/: có thể ở được
Spectacular (adj)/spekˈtækjələ(r)/: ngoạn mục, đẹp mắt
Account for /əˈkaʊnt//fə(r)/ : chiếm
Substantial (adj)/səbˈstænʃl/: đáng kể
Frightening (adj)/ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/: kinh khủng
Sophisticated (adj)/səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/: phức tạp
Pathogen (n)/ˈpæθədʒən/: mầm bệnh
Tuberculosis (n)/tjuːˌbɜːkjuˈləʊsɪs/: bệnh lao
Communal (adj)/kəˈmjuːnl/: công cộng
Dementia (n)/dɪˈmenʃə/: chứng mất trí
Fraction (n)/ˈfrækʃn/: phần nhỏ
Lament (v)/ləˈment/: xót xa
Panicked (adj): hoảng loạn
Lethal (adj)/ˈliːθl/: gây chết người
Threat (n)/θret/: mối nguy
Miasmas (n)/miˈæzmə/: khí độc
Infection (n) /ɪnˈfekt/: sự nhiễm trùng
Cholera (n)/ˈkɒl.ər.ə/: dịch tả
Outbreak (n)/ˈaʊt.breɪk/: sự bùng nổ
Disprove (v)/dɪˈspruːv/: bác bỏ
Advocate (v)/ˈæd.və.keɪt/: ủng hộ
Auditoria (n)/ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːriə/ : thính phòng
Comparable (adj)/ˈkɒm.pər.ə.bəl/: có thể so sánh được
Contend (v) /kənˈtend/: cho rằng
Liability (n)/ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/: nghĩa vụ pháp lý
Convince (v) /kənˈvɪns/: Thuyết phục
Assist (v) /əˈsɪst/: để giúp đỡ

Các bạn cùng tham khảo nhé!

English version 「🇮🇸Budget to go Iceland🇮🇸」

In planning this Iceland road trip around I do not refer to other people's travels routes. So some attractions I might missed. Also, do not think Iceland will certainly see the aurora. We have 10 days there but only 2 days we have chance to see. One day is kp5, one day is kp1 Bale. There are also people who have not seen it in 10 days. In addition to the Aurora, Iceland is so beautiful of the landscape.

Day 1
Kuala Lumpur - Istanbul - London - Iceland
On October 24, 2017, we departed from Kuala Lumpur International Airport to Iceland because of the cheap airfare.
So we need to transfer to Istanbul from Istanbul.
Then transfer from London to Iceland.
Although it is a waste of time but save money, it does not matter!
From Kuala Lumpur to Iceland took a total of 24 hours.

Day 2
Arrived in London at 9:30 in the morning.
The flight time to Iceland is 12:55.
Worried about too many people waiting in line so we buy online Premium Passport Lane.
With that pass, we do not need to line up with the customs.
VIP Lane can go directly.
Feel like VIP!
From customs clearance to get baggage no more than 15 minutes.
Walk from South to North terminal, Icelandair in North.
About 3 hours flight from London to Iceland, the first thing to Iceland is to change the local currency.
After that we pick up the car and we have a 9-day car rental with Thrifty.
Last added unlimited wireless Internet access, 15 euros a day.
Car must buy full insurance, Iceland has too much sand accident, it is easy to scratch.
In order to save money, we rented a manual car.
Take the car directly to the nearby Bonus supermarket to buy some food for next few days.
We spent RM160.
After an hour and a half by car to our hostel.
This homestay is located in a remote downtown area.
We reached there about 7:30PM.
Quickly prepare dinner, friends shouted after dinner. Aurora!!!
Everyone ran out to see the aurora.
I did not expect so strong aurora, the naked eye directly saw.
Also lasted a few hours, due to too excited, forget the jet lag.
Can not sleep, 12 o'clock to sleep, 5 o'clock and got up and continue to see Aurora.
And the sky full of star, is the most beautiful night i have ever seen.

Day 3
Sleep for 2 hours and enjoyed bathtub outside the house.
Hot springs so comfortable!
The sky started to light up at about 8 o'clock.
Prepare our breakfast, then we started today's attractions.
We are taking the most basic Golden Circle attractions.
Geysir Fountain - Goldfoss Gold Falls --bingvellir National Park
We went to Geysir Fountain and Gullfoss Golden Waterfall
Geysir fountain is so special! Is the geothermal valley, water from the ground.
Gold Falls is spectacular, remember to bring a raincoat, or will be drenched.
As we live in the middle of these two attractions, we have lunch back home trip.
Then go to bingvellir National Park
This is UNESCO, a lot of scenery to see, if you like the wild scenery must come to this.
Feel the Soul Out Rip in the Rift Valley at Singgweler National Park.
From 10 am until 6 pm in the evening.
Dinner at home.
We do not spent any money today

Day 4
Slept early last night, so everyone got up early.
After breakfast will go to other place.
The sky was covered with rain clouds.
We left at 8:30PM and went to Keiro Crater.
Tickets are required here, one for 400 kroner.
After continuing to the east, on the way through the Volcano Experience Hall.
We do not know to buy tickets, the result we accidentally [free] into the museum to watch the video.
The beautiful Seljalandsfoss Falls pass on the way.
Very worth visiting ~
Come to today's highlight - D3 wreckage
This is the story I heard.
"It was a miracle that on November 24, 1973, a U.S. Navy aircraft (C-47 SkyTrain, also known as Dakota) was forced to land on Sólheimasandur's dark beach in southern Iceland and all crew members survived. It was said that due to the cost of repairs too It has been quietly staying in the corner of Iceland.
But since the plane's own metal lines matched the landscape of the Icelandic land, making it a must-see for many tourists, photographers visit the must-see places of Iceland and even plan their own exclusive routes, gradually becoming more lively. "
Iceland is really a place of praise like the explosion, any weather, she has become a landscape.
However, under the well-known, but also brought a lot of burden.
Last March, the owner of the area announced the closure of the road to the wreck because it could not afford to take any more damage.
Photographers and tourists love it, bring it to fame, but also brought loss. Although they are unintentional, this is an indisputable fact.
All along, everyone can only rely on GPS (google coordinates: 63.459523, -19.364618), go wild to find the location of the wreckage, strangers in unfamiliar places, drove a four-wheel drive (usually go to the wreckage need four-wheel drive) , Will inevitably cause some damage to the environment.
Now we all choose to park the car on the road around the island, 5 km on foot to see the wreckage.
Sometimes I have to admit that foreigners have a very strong sense of protection for the environment. In their eyes, people are the same as nature and need rest and love and need to get along well with each other.
If you give me a choice, I think I will still go in.
But it must be chosen in a sunny day rather than in a storm of wind that blows away people today.
To the last body, including underwear are soaked, the mood has also been destroyed, the next attractions do not want to go.
Just want to back to stay for a change.
Want to go to the wreckage, remember to choose the right weather, the wrong choice can make people very upset.
Tonight we will be staying in Kirkjubæjarklaustur, a beautiful little town that will allow us to travel to the eastern part of Iceland early tomorrow morning.

Day 5
As usual to prepare our own breakfast to go out today than usual out.
Because we want to drive 420 km, estimated 5 hours and a half drive.
Departure from the southern city of Kirkjubæjarklaustur to the eastern city of Reyðarfjörður.
We do not have any plans today.
What attractions stop, unexpectedly found the roadside unknown waterfall creek.
There will be glaciers along the way, so spectacular too!
The Glacier Lagoon will come again, but we will not go in the direction of the tourists.
We stopped in the car park 1 km before the entrance, and then climb down the mountain to Avoid crowded.
After that we continue our road trip to east.
Then you must not miss the fjord view to the east.
We all drive the car on the left side of the mountain, on the right is the Atlantic Coastal Road.
Fjord scenery super beautiful, super magnificent.
However, it should be noted that the wind in Iceland is very strong, and several times our car was displaced by strong winds.
It's hard to drive when the weather is not good, after all, there is no fence around the road.
Minute wind will blow the car down the Atlantic.
The most dangerous place than the 95 road.
Well, I carefully driving carefully to bring everyone to the east.
Reyðarfjörður is a small city.
In fact, choose to live here is not because of what attractions.
Instead, it is here as a rest stop before we heading to the north tomorrow.
Tomorrow will continue to open 297 kilometers about 3 hours and we already on half away.

Day 6
From the east to the north, 240 km and about 3 and a half hours away.
Iceland is a very interesting place, yesterday we saw the magnificent fjord style.
Today we cross a few snow-capped mountains actually came to Iceland's famous volcanic area.
Kaffle Volcano is Iceland's most active volcano.
We drive along the road so there is no attraction recommended, nor go to the waterfall of Iceland God Goðafoss.
Because we worry of road in the mountains, our 2WD car will be more difficult to drive.
We are moving along the Lake District.
Finally, we go to a small number of tourists, not commercial Mývatn Hot Springs.
Mývatn water quality is good, after all, not many people the most important price is half cheaper than the Blue Lake.
The most exciting things is from the toilet to the spa although there’s a short distance.
Super cold! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
After that we will continue to Akureyri, the second largest city in Iceland.
After a few days of running around, we will stay here for 2 days as a resting place.

Day 7
If longer holidays, I will arrange a half-day trip in the middle of the trip.
After a few days of long run, we still stay in Akureyri today.
And we do not have any plan, we wake up to sleep naturally.
Go to the local supermarket stroll, explore the price, buy ingredients.
Walk around Akureyri Botanical Garden, the famous local church.
Then decide to go to an unknown tourist spot.
We decided to go to Dalvik.
Since this is not Route 1, we drive Route 82, so the road is not that good.
But the beautiful scenery along the way is so beautiful.
Lake, sea, snow-capped mountains.
And the mirror-like lake reflected the shadow of snow-capped mountains on the water.
Nobody walked by the road as we sat in the middle of the road taking pictures.
Alpine waterfall directly down the sea to the scenery now feel unforgettable.
Due to the lack of itinerary, we will be staying in only 3 hours outside.
Today is easy and casual.
Charge good tomorrow continue to move north and west.
To stay in a farmhouse.

Day 8
Today's trip is easy, so we sleep later.
We are staying in a farm in the north today.
We also deliberately avoided the well-traveled Route 1 and headed for the cliff coastline.
The scenery along the way is so beautiful.
However, since the farm was not far away, we returned to the farm very early.
After lunch, we sneak into the farm and play with the cute Icelandic horse.
As the weather is too cold, we have been in the bed and breakfast where to go.

Day 9
Today it is necessary to drive back from the north to our last city, Reykjavik
On the way we turned into the Sea Lion Museum, in order to see wild sea lions.
We drove the car into Route 74.
Along the road are stone road, hard to open ah!
Finally, unfortunately did not meet wild sea lions.
But I saw the road map seems to be through the Snæfellsnes
So we decided to drive into the Sinai Peninsula, then do not take the 1st.
In order to reach the Sinai Peninsula more quickly, we choose to drive the car into the Route 59, the whole road is sand stone.
And no white lines, only allow a car to drive.
I drove the car into fearlessly.
The rolling hills are on our left hand side and the right hand side is the sea.
There’s no signal along the road.
There are not many people living along the road.
Up and down the ramp absolutely can not see the opposite of the car, there are also on the slope to a big turn immediately.
I accidentally put the car into the sea, I was serious.
As we went to the Snæfellsnes to see Kirkjufell, so we travel longer.
Because it’s too late. So that we rushed back to Reykjavik and failed to stop taking pictures.
After all, the sky quickly darkened.
Today is our last accommodation in Iceland and we have to enjoy tonight.
In order to save money, plus the flight at 6 o'clock in the morning, tomorrow will overnight at the airport.

Day 10
Today is our last day, we wake up naturally.
Due to the car parked in Reykjavik parking.
We need pay parking hourly.
First we went to visit Reykjavik Cathedral.
Nice church, and Akureyri's church is the same designer!
As there are still a lot of public funds, we decided to take to eat Buffet.
Iceland has a great value Buffet.
This restaurant is located in the city center, restaurant reykjavik.
There are pickled fish, shrimp, desserts have.
And a talent 2250 kroner.
We had eaten for nearly two hours before we came out because we had booked Blue Lake in the morning.
We have to arrive at the time of booking.
Too early to go out too cold, very uncomfortable.
After finally soak to the legendary Blue Lake it!
A lot of guests here, more business, water quality is relatively clean, but more water meters rice mineral.
As the plane is 8 am tomorrow, I specifically do not arrange accommodation.
Want to say we can drive to chase aurora, how to know a large cloud of sky, plus the outside of the cold.
We did not want to go out at all, so return the car early.
Waiting to the airport ~
In Iceland, our spending is really not much!
If you are willing to cook their own meals, we are absolutely able to afford the consumption of Iceland Oh!

-------------------------------

About transportation
I'm booking with Thifty
www.rentalcars.com

-------------------------------

About accommodation
If you have not registered Airbnb, then you can click on the link I gave.
Because you can get RM105 discount Oh!
Click on the following web page to register
https \: //abnb.me/e/Cp1WcwtYSH

Day 1 + 2 Laugarvatn's Cabin Accommodations RM1550
Location is located in the Golden Circle, to see the Golden Falls and the National Park are very convenient
The most important if the weather is good, you can see the Aurora outside
Finnish bath outside the house can be while watching the Aurora bath
A room, a bathroom kitchen, can accommodate up to 5 people, the house is relatively small
https \: //www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/4821490? s = 51

Day 3 Kirkjubæjarklaustur Small House RM875
It is also a detached house, with 1 bedroom, 1 living room, kitchen and bathroom
Comfortable and quiet environment, can accommodate 4 people, spacious house
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/12113836?s=51

Day 4 Reyðarfjörður ultra cozy Nordic small room RM570
The owner lives downstairs and our suite is on the second floor.
There is kitchen, living room, room and bathroom.
Warm environment, the owner friendly, can accommodate 4 people, the house spacious
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/9488392?s=51

Day 5 + 6 RM930
The house is clean and tidy, the room and the kitchen are separated.
Can accommodate 4 people
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/5870156?s=51

Day 7 RM450
Live in the pasture, experience ranch life, hot springs can bubble.
Shared kitchen and shared bathroom.
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/13055866?s=51

Day 8 RM680
Agoda booking for Central Guesthouse
Super good location, easy to find.

Day 9
Sleeping airport, early morning return to London

-------------------------------

About spending
Round trip ticket Kuala Lumpur - London RM2100 / person Turkish Airlines
Round trip ticket Iceland - London RM900 / person Icelandic Airlines
Car rental 9 days RM2900 = 725 / person
Wi-Fi machine 9 days RM680 = 170 / person
8 days stay RM1265 / person
BlueLagoon RM400 / person
Keira crater tickets 400 kr = RM16 / person
Rice Lake Tickets 4300 Crowns = RM170 (person)
RM5746

The daily living expenses (in Iceland krona, all multiplied by 0.0395, for 4 people)
Day 1-0
Day 2 - daily necessities + ingredients 4000
Day 3-0
Day 4 - oil 4500, 2200 ingredients
Day 5 - Oil 6105
Day 6 - Ingredients 239
Day 7 - ingredients 2200
Day 8- Fighting 6404
Day 9 - ingredients 1200, 1000 tolls
Day 10 - Oil 8463, buffet 9000

CZK 45311 x 0.0395 = RM1790
Except 4 people = RM448

Total cost RM6191

PS: The above is the basic spending, does not include shopping buy souvenir.

Photo shooting: Northern Lights Canon G7X, all other photos shot by Note 8.