關於 ly meaning ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[學術寫作] Coherence and Cohesion in Writing

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英文寫作強調文字和文意上的連貫，包括字句連貫 (cohesion) 以及語意邏輯連貫 (coherence)，也就是說句子和段落之間的詞彙及主題都必須環環相扣。同學們在學習進階英文寫作時，需要多留意這些準則，寫出來的文章才能符合字句連貫 (cohesion) 及語意連貫 (coherence) 兩大原則。

Coherence 一般來說是指將論點與想法合邏輯地安排。從語意的觀點來看，欲寫出思路清晰、邏輯連貫 (coherent) 的文章，需要注意兩大重點: 1. 主題一致 (unity) 整篇文章所傳達的意念需要有一致性，將相同主題的句子放在同一段落。2. 承先啟後 (logical order and transitions) 有系統地和有邏輯地提出論點。在說明論點方面，要按部就班地說明，藉此作者對於自己論點提出足夠的支持理由，使讀者有足夠的資訊來理解作者的想法，如此一來也可使作者的論點更具有說服力和邏輯性。先介紹主題 (topic sentence)，然後循序漸進地鋪陳 (major support)，最後以最新資訊作結 (details and/or exemplification)。

Cohesion 簡單來說是指用有相關性的單字的語言來串連句子、段落與文章使讀者在易於理解前後文。指標詞（signposts and linking words) 可以加強語意連貫 (cohesion): 1. 主要指標詞: 示意文章中的目的，結構，作者的立場，主要觀點，爭論的方向，和結論。 2. 關聯詞和片語: 呈現出句子和句子與段落和段落的連結。

Cohesion 的詳細說明: http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=17303

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一些主要指標詞:
The aim of this study is to ....
The purpose of this thesis is to ....
This essay argues that ....
The main questions addressed in this paper are ....
This essay critically examines ....
This chapter reviews the literature ....
In conclusion, ....

一些關聯詞:
Indicating order:
First (ly), ... / Second(ly), ... / Finally, ... /

Indicating addition or similarity:
also, ... / additionally, ... / furthermore, ... / similarly, ...

Indicating contrast:
however, ... / nevertheless, ... / on the other hand, ... /

Giving a reason:
for this reason, ... / because ... / because of ... / due to ...

Indicating result or consequence:
therefore, ... / thus, ... / as a result, ... / consequently, ...

Reformulating an idea:
in other words, ... / to put it simply, ... / that is ...

Exemplifying:
for example, ... / for instance, ... / to exemplify, ...

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要讓一段文字的字句有連貫性 (cohesive) 可透過以下方式：

1. 重複 (repetition): 可以在第二句再重複前一句所用過的字彙。

2. 同義字 (synonym): 若不想直接重複字彙，也可以用同義字來代表你想重複單字或其概念。

3. 對稱構句 (parallelism): 重複句子的結構。這個技巧雖是最基本的，但也是製造cohesion的有效的方法之一。

4. 連接詞 (conjunctions and transitions): 使用適當的連接詞或副詞使句子符合邏輯地串聯在一起。

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一段文字可能符合字句上的連貫性 (cohesion) 但不符合語意邏輯上的連貫性(coherence)。文章中要達到 cohesion，在句與句之間必須字彙上主題要有相關，而 coherence 是要達到語意上邏輯上的一致性或相關性。

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1. 有字句連貫（cohesion）及語意連貫 (coherence)

"My favorite color is blue. I like it because it is calming and it relaxes me. I often go outside in the summer and lie on the grass and look into the clear blue sky when I am stressed. For this reason, I'd have to say my favorite color is blue."

Cohesive AND coherent: blue --> calming and relaxing --> clear blue sky --> reduces stress --> blue.

這個句既有字句連貫（cohesion）及語意連貫（coherence）。

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2. 有達到字句連貫（cohesion）但不符合語意連貫（coherence）

"My favorite color is blue. Blue sports cars go very fast. Driving in this way is dangerous and can cause many car crashes. I had a car accident once and broke my leg. I was very sad because I had to miss a holiday in Europe because of the injury."

Cohesive NOT coherent: blue --> sports car --> fast driving --> car crashes --> broken Leg --> very sad --> miss holiday in Europe

如你所見，這段文字間具有相關性 (cohesion)，但當這些句子放在同一個段落中卻無法構成意義。文字一開始說明我喜歡藍色但卻以歐洲的旅行作結，語意上的不連貫導致理解困難。

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3. 有達到語意連貫（coherence）但不具有字句連貫（cohesion）

"My favorite color is blue. I'm calm and relaxed. In the summer I lie on the grass and look up."

Coherent NOT cohesive: blue | calm and relaxed | looking up

這段文字語意邏輯上符合一貫性，但缺乏足夠的連接用語 (connector) 把想法串連起來導致整個段落缺乏cohesion，也會造成理解困難。

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字句連貫 (cohesion) 和語意連貫 (coherence) 的教學影片

1. http://tw.91voa.com/home/advanced/ielts/ielts-preparation/3-03-cohesion-coherence-in-writing

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43AlGwz1Aq0

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhGnPh84Vkg (Unity, Coherence, Cohesion)

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學術寫作資源 (Writing Resources): http://goo.gl/5HzXvh

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資料來源:
http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=17303
http://www.cavesbooks.com.tw/CET/ArtContent_tw.aspx?CDE=ART201309060959110XI
http://www.criticism.com/da/coherence.php
http://seas3.elte.hu/coursematerial/KormosJudit/appling7.pdf
http://www.encyclo.co.uk/meaning-of-Cohesion
http://www.bothell.washington.edu/wacc/for-students/eslhandbook/coherence
http://www.slideshare.net/nakulrtm/signposting-writing-development-centre-newcastle-university
http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/courses/discourse-13/contents/slides/slides_lexical_chains.pdf
Image source: http://www.rgd.ca/database/images/SLD_BrandCoherenceStudy_Final.jpg

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心智圖詞彙攻略: https://bit.ly/2OcAJTb

[NGẪM - BÀN] 100 CÁCH HỌC TIẾNG ANH HIỆU QUẢ (part 4)

Chủ điểm của bài viết hôm nay là kỹ năng VIẾT, ( dĩ nhiên là vẫn tiếp tục phần học TỪ VỰNG của hôm qua nha <3

Các bạn có nhận ra điểm gì ĐẶC BIỆT trong mỗi bài viết trong chuyên mục này không????? Các bài trước đều có mà không thấy bạn nào phàn nàn nên Ad có 1 chút buồn :'(

Cùng SHARE về wall để học dần nào <3

<3 31. Học về tiền tố (dis- , un-, lại ) và hậu tố ( -ly , lý , - ful ) , chúng sẽ giúp bạn tìm ra ý nghĩa của từ và xây dựng vốn từ vựng của bạn.

***Learn prefixes (dis-, un-, re-) and suffixes (-ly, -ment, -ful), these will help you to figure out the meaning of words and build your vocabulary***

<3 32. Tiếng Anh , không giống tiếng Nhật hay tiếng Pháp, có chứa trọng âm. Đối với một từ mới bất kỳ, bạn hãy đếm âm tiết và tìm ra trọng âm của từ đó. Mỗi từ chỉ có 1 trọng âm , thường rơi vào nguyên âm. Động từ 2 âm tiết ( beGIN) thường có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. Danh từ (TEAcher) và tính từ (HAPpy) 2 âm tiết thường có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.

***English, unlike Japanese or French, uses word stress. For new words, count the syllables and find where the stress is. Only one stress per word and always on a vowel. Two syllable verbs have a stress on the second syllable (beGIN). 2 syllable nouns (TEAcher) and adjectives (HAPpy) stress the first***

<3 33.Sử dụng Tiếng Anh bất cứ khi nào có thể. Đó là phương pháp học tiếng anh đơn giản mà lại hiệu quả nhất ^___^

***Use English whenever you can. It’s as simple as that!***

<3 34.Đừng dịch tiếng Anh sang ngôn ngữ của bạn. Hãy nghĩ bằng Tiếng Anh để nâng cao khả năng của bạn. Hãy tự giao tiếp với mình...nhưng tất nhiên không phải ở những nơi công cộng trừ khi bạn muốn người khác nghĩ bạn điên :)

*** Don’t translate into English from your own language. Think in English to improve your fluency. Talk to yourself…but not on the bus otherwise people will think you have gone crazy!***

<3 35.Bạn không thể học tiếng anh chỉ dựa trên lý thuyết. Hãy thực hành thật nhiều, khi đó bạn mới có thể kiểm soát được nó.

***You can’t learn English from a book. Like driving a car, you can only learn through doing it***

<3
36.Cách tự nhiên nhất để học ngữ pháp là thông qua những cuộc hội thoại.

***The most natural way to learn grammar is through talking***

<3 37.*** Keep an English diary or journal. Start by writing a few sentences a day and then get into the habit of writing more***

<3 38.*** Why not start an online blog and share your writings with the world?***

<3 39.Để viết tốt hơn, hãy suy nghĩ và gạch ý cho bài viết trên giấy mà không quan tâm đến ngữ pháp hay chính tả. Sau đó hãy tìm những cấu trúc mà bạn cần dùng. Tiếp nữa là viết đoạn ngắn chuẩn ngữ pháp và chính tả các bạn nhé. Cuối cùng, đọc lại hoặc đưa cho ai đó tìm lỗi cho bài viết của bạn hoàn hảo nhé.

***To become a better writer brainstorm as many ideas and thoughts onto paper without worrying about grammar or spelling. Then think about the structure. After that, write your piece using good grammar and spelling. Finally, read it through or give it to someone else to check for mistakes***

<3 40.***Keep an eye on your punctuation as it can totally change what you’re trying to say. Check out the difference in meaning between these two sentences: “A woman without her man is nothing” and “A woman: without her, man is nothing”***

Ps: Hãy commet dưới POST này nếu bạn đã phát hiện ra điểm BẤT THƯỜNG của bài viết ^____^

(Giveaway info is at the bottom)

Today we celebrate 10k subs with a Vivienne Westwood sample sale video that I've been meaning to post 🌟
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I've really enjoyed being on YouTube, so thank you for your support thus far! Tbh I wasn't expecting to keep at it for so long lol

It's been fun learning how to edit videos and images too. I'm aware there are many things I could improve on and things I could nitpick at, but I feel like I've come a long way from my first upload 9 months ago 🥸

Again, thank you so much for your continued support in watching, commenting, and liking my videos. It means the world to me ❤

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Waves - Fiji Blue (https://thmatc.co/?l=518C9DB2)
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✩ Subtitle file: (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GHCjMd_s-ciGbpcVa_p1W8XlnsnA0O6s/view?usp=sharing)
*** As Youtube has unfortunately discontinued community contributions, here is the script for anyone still willing to do subs for other languages. If you replace the english text with your language and email me the file, I'll be more than happy to upload it for everyone to see. Thank you for your helpful contributions until now!

✩ FTC: This giveaway is not sponsored by Vivienne Westwood, YouTube, nor any other company and all moneys spent is my own.

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Ferntube's 10k Subscriber Giveaway ❤️❤️❤️
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