你知道東北部地震帶,其實是來自「沖繩海槽」的擴張嗎?
除了板塊交界處和隱沒帶這兩個字眼,我們應該知道更多孕震構造的可能原因!
*本文轉載自合作夥伴 報地震 - 中央氣象局
__________
8 月初宜蘭外海凌晨發生規模 6.1 地震,地震原因並非大家所熟悉的 #板塊隱沒,而是來自沖繩海槽的 #弧後擴張 。
#來自沖繩海槽的打招呼
當菲律賓海板塊向北隱沒後,我們將隱沒的下陷處稱為 #琉球海溝,隨著板塊逐漸隱沒,在高溫、高壓的地底深處就可能形成 #部分熔融 或脫水作用此流體開始上升,最後在琉球海溝的北方噴發,形成了一連串的火山島,包含龜山島在內,這些火山島就是我們熟悉的 #琉球島弧。
到了琉球島弧的後方(北方),歐亞板塊在此處可能受到了南邊隱沒的力量拉扯、地底熱對流 的影響,使得板塊開始張裂、海床深度變深,就像是在海底形成一個凹陷的水槽,我們將它稱為「#沖繩海槽 (Okinawa Trough)」。
在隱沒系統中,由於這個凹陷的地形位在島弧的後方,又可以被稱為「弧後盆地」,而這個弧後盆持續張裂的行為,就是「弧後擴張」。
#熟悉又陌生的東北部地震帶
當我們提到臺灣的地震時,在臺灣三大主要地震帶中,大多只會想到因板塊碰撞而產生的東部地震帶,以及造成重大災害的淺層西部地震帶。
事實上,由沖繩海槽擴張作用引起的淺層地震區也隸屬於三大地震帶之一,屬於 #東北部地震帶。
臺灣可是有高達 70% 的地震都在這裡發生呢!其範圍從蘭陽溪上游附近開始,經宜蘭向東北延伸到琉球群島。
此處地震大多呈現張裂型,也就是 #正斷層 的樣態,多為 #淺層地震,震源深度小於 70 公里,除了地震外,也伴隨有地熱與火山活動(如龜山島附近)的現象唷!
現在,大家對於弧後擴張的地震有更了解一點了嗎?
延伸閱讀:
隨處發生的地震?!—什麼是地震帶?(下)
https://reurl.cc/O0ZrmR
Sibuet, J. C., Letouzey, J., Barbier, F., Charvet, J., Foucher, J. P., Hilde, T. W., ... & Stéphan, J. F. (1987). Back arc extension in the Okinawa Trough. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 92(B13), 14041-14063.
Letouzey, J., & Kimura, M. (1985). Okinawa Trough genesis: structure and evolution of a backarc basin developed in a continent. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2(2), 111-130.
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marine journal 在 大便妹,學環保。 Facebook 的最佳解答
🚩極端天氣帶來的暴風雨間接害死了海豚
一篇看了讓我覺得心裡很不舒服的報導
近年極端天氣帶來的暴雨令海水的鹽度下降
令住在沿海的海豚感染致命性的皮膚病
由2005年起相繼出現死亡個案T^T難過
這都是跟氣候變遷有關
這都是跟我們的生活有關
在這些事上我覺得非常無能為力
沒辦法讓海洋生物有一個好的棲息地
減碳這件事真的很不容易
我們都一起一直的步向滅亡
//The study, published in Scientific Reports, a peer-reviewed natural sciences journal, provides the first-ever case definition for fresh-water skin disease in bottlenose dolphins.
This study comes on the heels of significant outbreaks in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida and Texas and Australia in recent years. In all of these locations, a sudden and drastic decrease in salinity in the waters was the common factor. Coastal dolphins are accustomed to seasonal changes in salinity levels in their marine habitat, but they do not live in freshwater. The increasing severity and frequency of storm events like hurricanes and cyclones, particularly if they are preceded by drought conditions, are dumping unusual volumes of rain that turn coastal waters to freshwater. Freshwater conditions can persist for months, particularly after intense storms such as hurricanes Harvey and Katrina. With the increasing climate temperatures, climate scientists have predicted extreme storms like these will occur more frequently and, consequently, will result in more frequent and severe disease outbreaks in dolphins.
“This devastating skin disease has been killing dolphins since Hurricane Katrina, and we’re pleased to finally define the problem,” said Duignan. “With a record hurricane season in the Gulf of Mexico this year and more intense storm systems worldwide due to climate change, we can absolutely expect to see more of these devastating outbreaks killing dolphins.”
The study has major implications for the current outbreak in Australia, which is impacting the rare and threatened Burrunan dolphin in southeast Australia, and could provide professionals with the information needed to diagnose and treat affected animals. Currently, the long-term outlook for dolphins affected with the skin disease is poor. This is especially true for the animals suffering from prolonged exposure to freshwater.
The deadly skin disease was first noted by researchers on approximately 40 bottlenose dolphins near New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
“As warming ocean temperatures impact marine mammals globally, the findings in this paper will allow better mitigation of the factors that lead disease outbreaks for coastal dolphin communities that are already under threat from habitat loss and degradation,” said Duignan. “This study helps shed light on an ever-growing concern, and we hope it is the first step in mitigating the deadly disease and marshalling the ocean community to further fight climate change.”//
marine journal 在 美國在台協會 AIT Facebook 的精選貼文
【危險鄰居】系列七:《非法捕撈的嚴重後果》
自由開放的印太地區意味著良善治理、符合國際標準的經濟活動,以及免於威脅和脅迫的自由。若要實現這個願景,需要各國以有建設性的方式共同合作。
美國海岸防衛隊以及《科學進展》(Science Advances)期刊新近發表的一份報告表示,非法捕撈對環太平洋國家的經濟,環境和安全構成了嚴重威脅。這份題為《曝光在北韓的黑暗捕魚船隊》的報告凸顯了在環太平洋地區的非法捕撈的種種風險。該報告由設在華盛頓的科學研究中心的 全球漁業觀察指出,「黑暗船隊」指的是那些未公開宣布的其位置的船隊,而這是說明它們正在從事非法的活動、不報告的、不受管制的(IUU, illegal, unreported and unregulated)捕撈活動的一個普遍指標。全球漁業觀察利用衛星技術和機器學習來追踪中國船隻在北韓水域的捕撈活動,他們可能違反了聯合國的制裁措施的捕撈活動。
一起來看ShareAmerica的這篇文章:https://bit.ly/2LN1WO1 #好鄰居壞鄰居 #聽其言觀其行 #說一套做一套 #己所不欲勿施於人 #以鄰為壑
【Dangerous Neighbor】The dire effects of illegal fishing
A free and open Indo-Pacific means good governance, economic activities that accord with international standards, and freedom from threats and coercion. Achieving this vision requires countries to work together in a constructive way.
Illegal fishing poses a severe threat to the economies, environment and security of Pacific Rim nations, according to the U.S. Coast Guard and a new report in the journal Science Advances. The report — titled Illuminating Dark Fishing Fleets in North Korea — highlights the risks of illegal fishing in the Pacific Rim. The report was authored by the Washington-based scientific research center Global Fishing Watch and a group of international research organizations. Global Fishing Watch says “dark fleets” are vessels that do not publicly broadcast their location, a common indicator they are engaged in illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Global Fishing Watch used satellite technologies and machine learning to track fishing by Chinese vessels in North Korean waters — fishing likely in violation of United Nations sanctions.
Check out this article from ShareAmerica: https://bit.ly/2LN1WO1
marine journal 在 mia ong Youtube 的最佳貼文
PHELLO FRIENDS! long time no see ?my first video with voiceover ahahaha i hope it was okay :"(
hope you liked this video ⭐️
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