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【《金融時報》深度長訪】

今年做過數百外媒訪問，若要說最能反映我思緒和想法的訪問，必然是《金融時報》的這一個，沒有之一。

在排山倒海的訪問裡，這位記者能在短短個半小時裡，刻畫得如此傳神，值得睇。

Joshua Wong plonks himself down on a plastic stool across from me. He is there for barely 10 seconds before he leaps up to greet two former high school classmates in the lunchtime tea house melee. He says hi and bye and then bounds back. Once again I am facing the young man in a black Chinese collared shirt and tan shorts who is proving such a headache for the authorities in Beijing.

So far, it’s been a fairly standard week for Wong. On a break from a globe-trotting, pro-democracy lobbying tour, he was grabbed off the streets of Hong Kong and bundled into a minivan. After being arrested, he appeared on the front pages of the world’s newspapers and was labelled a “traitor” by China’s foreign ministry.

He is very apologetic about being late for lunch.

Little about Wong, the face of Hong Kong’s democracy movement, can be described as ordinary: neither his Nobel Peace Prize nomination, nor his three stints in prison. Five years ago, his face was plastered on the cover of Time magazine; in 2017, he was the subject of a hit Netflix documentary, Joshua: Teenager vs Superpower. And he’s only 23.

We’re sitting inside a Cantonese teahouse in the narrow back streets near Hong Kong’s parliament, where he works for a pro-democracy lawmaker. It’s one of the most socially diverse parts of the city and has been at the heart of five months of unrest, which has turned into a battle for Hong Kong’s future. A few weekends earlier I covered clashes nearby as protesters threw Molotov cocktails at police, who fired back tear gas. Drunk expats looked on, as tourists rushed by dragging suitcases.

The lunch crowd pours into the fast-food joint, milling around as staff set up collapsible tables on the pavement. Construction workers sit side-by-side with men sweating in suits, chopsticks in one hand, phones in the other. I scan the menu: instant noodles with fried egg and luncheon meat, deep fried pork chops, beef brisket with radish. Wong barely glances at it before selecting the hometown fried rice and milk tea, a Hong Kong speciality with British colonial roots, made with black tea and evaporated or condensed milk.

“I always order this,” he beams, “I love this place, it’s the only Cantonese teahouse in the area that does cheap, high-quality milk tea.” I take my cue and settle for the veggie and egg fried rice and a lemon iced tea as the man sitting on the next table reaches over to shake Wong’s hand. Another pats him on the shoulder as he brushes by to pay the bill.

Wong has been a recognisable face in this city since he was 14, when he fought against a proposal from the Hong Kong government to introduce a national education curriculum that would teach that Chinese Communist party rule was “superior” to western-style democracy. The government eventually backed down after more than 100,000 people took to the streets. Two years later, Wong rose to global prominence when he became the poster boy for the Umbrella Movement, in which tens of thousands of students occupied central Hong Kong for 79 days to demand genuine universal suffrage.

That movement ended in failure. Many of its leaders were sent to jail, among them Wong. But the seeds of activism were planted in the generation of Hong Kongers who are now back on the streets, fighting for democracy against the world’s most powerful authoritarian state. The latest turmoil was sparked by a controversial extradition bill but has evolved into demands for true suffrage and a showdown with Beijing over the future of Hong Kong. The unrest in the former British colony, which was handed over to China in 1997, represents the biggest uprising on Chinese soil since the 1989 pro-democracy movement in Beijing. Its climax, of course, was the Tiananmen Square massacre, when hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people were killed.

“We learnt a lot of lessons from the Umbrella Movement: how to deal with conflict between the more moderate and progressive camps, how to be more organic, how to be less hesitant,” says Wong. “Five years ago the pro-democracy camp was far more cautious about seeking international support because they were afraid of pissing off Beijing.”

Wong doesn’t appear to be afraid of irking China. Over the past few months, he has lobbied on behalf of the Hong Kong protesters to governments around the world. In the US, he testified before Congress and urged lawmakers to pass an act in support of the Hong Kong protesters — subsequently approved by the House of Representatives with strong bipartisan support. In Germany, he made headlines when he suggested two baby pandas in the Berlin Zoo be named “Democracy” and “Freedom.” He has been previously barred from entering Malaysia and Thailand due to pressure from Beijing, and a Singaporean social worker was recently convicted and fined for organising an event at which Wong spoke via Skype.

The food arrives almost immediately. I struggle to tell our orders apart. Two mouthfuls into my egg and cabbage fried rice, I regret not ordering the instant noodles with luncheon meat.

In August, a Hong Kong newspaper controlled by the Chinese Communist party published a photo of Julie Eadeh, an American diplomat, meeting pro-democracy student leaders including Wong. The headline accused “foreign forces” of igniting a revolution in Hong Kong. “Beijing says I was trained by the CIA and the US marines and I am a CIA agent. [I find it] quite boring because they have made up these kinds of rumours for seven years [now],” he says, ignoring his incessantly pinging phone.

Another thing that bores him? The media. Although Wong’s messaging is always on point, his appraisal of journalists in response to my questions is piercing and cheeky. “In 15-minute interviews I know journalists just need soundbites that I’ve repeated lots of times before. So I’ll say things like ‘I have no hope [as regards] the regime but I have hope towards the people.’ Then the journalists will say ‘oh that’s so impressive!’ And I’ll say ‘yes, I’m a poet.’ ”

And what about this choice of restaurant? “Well, I knew I couldn’t pick a five-star hotel, even though the Financial Times is paying and I know you can afford it,” he says grinning. “It’s better to do this kind of interview in a Hong Kong-style restaurant. This is the place that I conducted my first interview after I left prison.” Wong has spent around 120 days in prison in total, including on charges of unlawful assembly.

“My fellow prisoners would tell me about how they joined the Umbrella Movement and how they agreed with our beliefs. I think prisoners are more aware of the importance of human rights,” he says, adding that even the prison wardens would share with him how they had joined protests.

“Even the triad members in prison support democracy. They complain how the tax on cigarettes is extremely high and the tax on red wine is extremely low; it just shows how the upper-class elite lives here,” he says, as a waiter strains to hear our conversation. Wong was most recently released from jail in June, the day after the largest protests in the history of Hong Kong, when an estimated 2m people — more than a quarter of the territory’s 7.5m population — took to the streets.

Raised in a deeply religious family, he used to travel to mainland China every two years with his family and church literally to spread the gospel. As with many Hong Kong Chinese who trace their roots to the mainland, he doesn’t know where his ancestral village is. His lasting memory of his trips across the border is of dirty toilets, he tells me, mid-bite. He turned to activism when he realised praying didn’t help much.

“The gift from God is to have independence of mind and critical thinking; to have our own will and to make our own personal judgments. I don’t link my religious beliefs with my political judgments. Even Carrie Lam is Catholic,” he trails off, in a reference to Hong Kong’s leader. Lam has the lowest approval rating of any chief executive in the history of the city, thanks to her botched handling of the crisis.

I ask whether Wong’s father, who is also involved in social activism, has been a big influence. Wrong question.

“The western media loves to frame Joshua Wong joining the fight because of reading the books of Nelson Mandela or Martin Luther King or because of how my parents raised me. In reality, I joined street activism not because of anyone book I read. Why do journalists always assume anyone who strives for a better society has a role model?” He glances down at his pinging phone and draws a breath, before continuing. “Can you really describe my dad as an activist? I support LGBTQ rights,” he says, with a fist pump. His father, Roger Wong, is a well-known anti-gay rights campaigner in Hong Kong.

I notice he has put down his spoon, with half a plate of fried rice untouched. I decide it would be a good idea to redirect our conversation by bonding over phone addictions. Wong, renowned for his laser focus and determination, replies to my emails and messages at all hours and has been described by his friends as “a robot.”

He scrolls through his Gmail, his inbox filled with unread emails, showing me how he categorises interview requests with country tags. His life is almost solely dedicated to activism. “My friends and I used to go to watch movies and play laser tag but now of course we don’t have time to play any more: we face real bullets every weekend.”

The protests — which have seen more than 3,300 people arrested — have been largely leaderless. “Do you ever question your relevance to the movement?” I venture, mid-spoonful of congealed fried rice.

“Never,” he replies with his mouth full. “We have a lot of facilitators in this movement and I’m one of them . . . it’s just like Wikipedia. You don’t know who the contributors are behind a Wikipedia page but you know there’s a lot of collaboration and crowdsourcing. Instead of just having a top-down command, we now have a bottom-up command hub which has allowed the movement to last far longer than Umbrella.

“With greater power comes greater responsibility, so the question is how, through my role, can I express the voices of the frontliners, of the street activism? For example, I defended the action of storming into the Legislative Council on July 1. I know I didn’t storm in myself . . . ” His phone pings twice. Finally he succumbs.

After tapping away for about 30 seconds, Wong launches back into our conversation, sounding genuinely sorry that he wasn’t there on the night when protesters destroyed symbols of the Chinese Communist party and briefly occupied the chamber.

“My job is to be the middleman to express, evaluate and reveal what is going on in the Hong Kong protests when the movement is about being faceless,” he says, adding that his Twitter storm of 29 tweets explaining the July 1 occupation reached at least four million people. I admit that I am overcome with exhaustion just scanning his Twitter account, which has more than 400,000 followers. “Well, that thread was actually written by Jeffrey Ngo from Demosisto,” he say, referring to the political activism group that he heads.

A network of Hong Kong activists studying abroad helps fuel his relentless public persona on social media and in the opinion pages of international newspapers. Within a week of his most recent arrest, he had published op-eds in The Economist, The New York Times, Quartz and the Apple Daily.

I wonder out loud if he ever feels overwhelmed at taking on the Chinese Communist party, a task daunting even for some of the world’s most formidable governments and companies. He peers at me over his wire-framed glasses. “It’s our responsibility; if we don’t do it, who will? At least we are not in Xinjiang or Tibet; we are in Hong Kong,” he says, referring to two regions on Chinese soil on the frontline of Beijing’s drive to develop a high-tech surveillance state. In Xinjiang, at least one million people are being held in internment camps. “Even though we’re directly under the rule of Beijing, we have a layer of protection because we’re recognised as a global city so [Beijing] is more hesitant to act.”

I hear the sound of the wok firing up in the kitchen and ask him the question on everyone’s minds in Hong Kong: what happens next? Like many people who are closely following the extraordinary situation in Hong Kong, he is hesitant to make firm predictions.

“Lots of think-tanks around the world say ‘Oh, we’re China experts. We’re born in western countries but we know how to read Chinese so we’re familiar with Chinese politics.’ They predicted the Communist party would collapse after the Tiananmen Square massacre and they’ve kept predicting this over the past three decades but hey, now it’s 2019 and we’re still under the rule of Beijing, ha ha,” he grins.

While we are prophesying, does Wong ever think he might become chief executive one day? “No local journalist in Hong Kong would really ask this question,” he admonishes. As our lunch has progressed, he has become bolder in dissecting my interview technique. The territory’s chief executive is currently selected by a group of 1,200, mostly Beijing loyalists, and he doubts the Chinese Communist party would ever allow him to run. A few weeks after we meet he announces his candidacy in the upcoming district council elections. He was eventually the only candidate disqualified from running — an order that, after our lunch, he tweeted had come from Beijing and was “clearly politically driven”.

We turn to the more ordinary stuff of 23-year-olds’ lives, as Wong slurps the remainder of his milk tea. “Before being jailed, the thing I was most worried about was that I wouldn’t be able to watch Avengers: Endgame,” he says.

“Luckily, it came out around early May so I watched it two weeks before I was locked up in prison.” He has already quoted Spider-Man twice during our lunch. I am unsurprised when Wong picks him as his favourite character.

“I think he’s more . . . ” He pauses, one of the few times in the interview. “Compared to having an unlimited superpower or unlimited power or unlimited talent just like Superman, I think Spider-Man is more human.” With that, our friendly neighbourhood activist dashes off to his next interview.

📜 [專欄新文章] A Secure State Channels Framework for Ethereum by Liam Horne 解析以太坊上的安全狀態通道
✍️ 田少谷 Shao
📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Crosslink 第二天早上由 Liam Horne，狀態通道的主要開發團隊 L4 共同創辦人開場。本以為這場會提到筆者前一天晚上還看得霧煞煞的 Counterfactual ，沒想到這次的演講較為科普、以分享開發近況為主，也被以太坊基金會研究員 Chih-Cheng Liang 稱為最接地氣的一場！

何謂狀態通道？

比特幣的支付通道

若熟悉閃電網路，比特幣的支付通道是一個記錄支付行為的通道，只有開關通道時會接觸到區塊鏈。

假設A公司與B公司有頻繁的交易需求，兩方各自把 10 元放入支付通道中：

19:00 交易開始，兩方所擁有的錢: (10,10)

19:15 A->B 3元: (7,13)

20:10 B->A 7元: (14,6)

20:30 A->B 13元: (1,19)

21:45 B->A 4元: (5,15)

到了 21:45 時，交易結束，此時可以將交易結果 (5,15) 寫到區塊鏈上並分配結餘，而區塊鏈上有的紀錄就只有以下兩筆。

19:00 交易開始，兩方所擁有的錢: (10,10)

21:45 交易結束，兩方所擁有的錢: (5,15)

這代表著交易的結果能被記錄到區塊鏈上，卻大幅減少了要和區塊鏈互動的次數，不只可以降低交易雙方等待區塊鏈回應的次數與時間，也讓區塊鏈要處理的交易數量減少 。

以上只是提供一個很粗淺的例子，可以參考以下連結，精美圖示有助理解：

【動區專題】五分鐘看懂：圖說閃電網路 Ligntning Network

狀態通道 State Channel

由於狀態通道是在以太坊上，和比特幣的環境不同，所以實作方法不盡相同 (提示：UTXO)，但本質上是相同的概念：只要牽涉到「狀態轉換 state-altering」，我們就能開一個通道讓交易參與者在通道中任意次數改變「狀態的值」，而最終將結果寫回區塊鏈上就好。

這邊我引用 Pelith 創辦人 Ping Chen 對於狀態通道精闢的解釋：

狀態通道通常是有別種邏輯疊在上面的通道 — 陳品

也就是說，相對於支付通道的邏輯就只是參與者虛擬貨幣的數量，狀態通道通常指的是該應用場景有自身的邏輯/規則。

舉例來說，在一遊戲中，玩家所擁有的虛寶就可以被視為是許多種狀態：遊戲中金幣及等級的是數值、但同時也是狀態；而 (0,1) 可以用來代表道具的擁有狀態 (沒有，有)。

假設一玩家 A 在遊戲中的起始狀態為 (電卷, 金牌, 鞍切, 金幣, 經驗值) = (0, 0, 0, 300, 1)，隨著遊戲進行，虛寶/狀態的改變：

A 花費 100 金購買了金牌: (0, 1, 0, 200, 1)

A 首殺獲得 200 金、升兩等: (0, 1, 0, 400, 3)

A 花費 300 金用金牌合成了鞍切: (0, 0, 1, 100, 3) # 其實好像還要妖刀?xD

A 擊殺了 B 玩家，升一等: (0, 0, 1, 100, 4)

當玩家要登出、暫停遊戲時，最後的 (0, 0, 1, 100, 4) 就可以被更新到區塊鏈上，而下次登入時就會讀取這個區塊鏈上的狀態讓玩家繼續遊玩。

若了解了此例，就不難想像為什麼狀態通道被提出之時，遊戲以及虛擬貨幣的支付被視為最適合運用的兩個場景：給定參與者=玩家，在限定的場域中=遊戲，進行狀態的更新。

更多細節可以參考此一概念的提出人 Jeff Coleman 的解釋：點我

決策者 Mover

每一個狀態都有一位決策者，由通道中所有參與者輪流擔任。決策者透過對一狀態進行「簽署」來表達是否同意此狀態，也就是說狀態的正當性取決於當前的簽署是否來自正確的決策者。

狀態確認 Valid Transaction

狀態的先後順序是驗證狀態是否有效的方法。取決於應用的場景，有不同的實作方式。若簡單以一個計數器 counter 來實作，只要要求新狀態的計數值為舊狀態 +1，即可驗證。

state(N).counter + 1 == state(N+1).counter

關閉通道與終結性 Finality

當沒有更多交易或有參與者決定要結束交易時，只要全部參與者皆同意就可以關閉通道，ex: 給一 boolean 變數 isFinal，全部人都把自己的 isFinal 皆設為 true 就可以將通道關閉。

萬一有參與者半途消失了？Finality 終結性指的就是「每一個狀態都可以是最終的狀態」。假設部分參與者消失，只要有搭配的機制，例如：計時器，就一定會輪替到仍在線的人；即使參與者全部消失，當前的狀態因具備終結性，所以也能被提交為最終的狀態。

狀態通道實作的規劃與開發進程

Liam 將實作狀態通道的規劃劃分成上圖的六層：

Protocol & Contracts:

- State Progression Protocol

這邊就是上方的「決策者、狀態確認、關閉通道與終結性」。

除了以上所提及的內容，目前團隊也正在開發更方便的協議 Protocol Hardening：有別於交易的結束需要所有參與者的同意，目標是想做到「在特定時間內，任一參與者都能自行決定交易的推進或結束而不受其他參與者影響」。

- Channel Funding Protocol

此處是系統設計的另一個協議 Nitro Protocol，也就是如何開「子通道」，可以參考以下連結：

Nitro Protocol

Client & Hub:

- Client & Protocol Engine

這部分是講 Client 端彼此之間會傳送什麼訊息來進行溝通。

https://specs.counterfactual.com/en/latest/protocols/install-virtual-app.html#the-installvirtualappparams-type

- Client API & Wire Protocol

以下的 Github 專案就是將上方三部分的協議內容實作到網頁端：

counterfactual/monorepo

目前第一版的狀態通道已正在運行了，詳見下方額外學習資源的 Connext。Liam 列出了一些實作第二版時必須納入考量的點：

Robustly store states (i.e., guarantee no accidental money loss)

Automatic detection and responding to challenges

Ability to launch challenges directly with in-browser hooks

Go-to production quality hub software for apps and businesses to use

Browser Wallet UX:

- Wallet Integrations

這些是將狀態通道實作於現存的各種 Wallet 時，需要新增的內容：

https://github.com/counterfactual/monorepo/blob/d3b06b42710c0b7dd93839033cb43da9ac6e0a28/packages/types/src/node.ts

- Wallet UI

最後則是區塊鏈、也是所有新技術能否被廣泛使用的大哉問：該如何設計才能讓使用者有良好的體驗？

在此 Liam 提出實作 Wallet 時可以考慮的要點：

How should a user interact with a state channel?

What are the best patterns for acquiring user consent?

How much does the user have to trust the app?

To what extent can your channel wallet protect you?

What policies should a channel wallet be able to enforce?

額外學習資源

Liam 在本場演講及 Panel Discussion 中，都很鼓勵大家一起跳進來當開發者。他的大致建議如下：看懂相關文章、開發的要求 specs，就可以試著做做看。卡住的時候就到以下連結的討論區詢問他們，包含 Liam 在內的開發人員都會在上面回答問題：

State Channels - A community of state channels researchers from bitcoin, ethereum, and other blockchains

狀態通道的 Github：

State Channels

已成功實作第一版狀態通道的 Connext 專案：

Where will I be able to use v2.0 of Connext?

讓筆者看得霧煞煞的 Counterfactual ，可以進一步提升狀態通道的效率：

Counterfactual: Generalized State Channels on Ethereum

結語

本次演講實為筆者綜觀 Liam 在 Youtube 上的影片後，他對狀態通道最簡單、親民的一次演講，主要著重於介紹開發的進程、應注意的要點，也提供了初探此議題的新手很多學習資源、推坑大家加入開發的建議！

其實陳昶吾博士也曾於 Taipei Ethereum Meetup 詳細介紹過此議題(閃電網路為主)，有興趣者可以看以下影片來得到更完整的認識：

最後，如果我的文章有幫助到你/妳，可以看看我的其他文章，歡迎大家一起交流 :)

田少谷 Shao - Medium

一如往常，感謝 Yahsin Huang 及 Chih-Cheng Liang 幫忙審稿，辛苦了！也特別感謝 Ping Chen 耐心回答素未蒙面的我的問題！！

A Secure State Channels Framework for Ethereum by Liam Horne 解析以太坊上的安全狀態通道 was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

冷凍パイシートを使ったカレーパンのレシピをご紹介します！
パン生地を使わず、パイシートで美味しく作れるのでとってもお手軽です♪
たくさん作って揚げたり焼いたり、2つの楽しみ方もオススメですよ♡
ぜひ、チャレンジしてみてくださいね。

サクサクカレーパン
8人分

材料：
サラダ油　大さじ1
玉ねぎ （みじん切り）1/2個
鶏むね肉 （角切り）680g
塩　小さじ2
黒コショウ　小さじ1
クミン　小さじ1
カレー粉　大さじ2
カイエンペッパー　小さじ1/2
じゃがいも （角切りにして茹でておく）中2個
冷凍グリーンピース150g
冷凍にんじん　120g
牛乳　480ml
薄力粉 （打ち粉用)　少々
冷凍パイシート （解凍しておく)　4枚
卵液　1個分

作り方：
1. カレーパンを焼く場合、オーブンを180°Cに予熱する。揚げる場合、大きな鍋にサラダ油を半量入れ、180°Cになるまで加熱する。

2. フライパンにサラダ油大さじ1、玉ねぎ、鶏むね肉、塩、黒コショウ、クミン、カレー粉、カイエンペッパーを入れる。玉ねぎが柔らかくなるまで10分ほど炒める。

3. じゃがいも、冷凍グリーンピース、冷凍にんじん、牛乳を加え、よく混ぜる。じゃがいもをつぶしながら10分ほど煮込み、とろみがついたら火からおろして30分冷ます。

4. 作業台の上に薄く打ち粉をし、解凍したパイシートを軽く伸ばす。

5. ワイングラスのフチで円形を8個くり抜く。

6. 円形の真ん中に(3)を大さじ1のせ、半分に折る。フチ部分を押さえ、折ってひだを作る。

7. カレーパンを焼く場合、金網をのせた天板に(6)を並べる。卵液を刷毛で塗り、きつね色になるまで15分焼く。

8. カレーパンを揚げる場合、加熱した油に(6)を入れ、5分揚げる。

9. 10分程冷ましたら、完成！

===

Curry Puffs 2 ways
For 8 servings

Ingredients:
1 tablespoon vegetable oil
1/2 medium white onion, diced
1 1/2 lb chicken breast(680 g), cubed
2 teaspoons salt
1 teaspoon black pepper
1 teaspoon ground cumin
2 tablespoons curry powder
1/2 teaspoon cayenne
2 medium russet potatoes, cooked and diced
1 cup frozen peas(150 g), cooked
1 cup frozen carrot(120 g), cooked
2 cups whole milk(480 mL)
all-purpose flour, for dusting
4 sheets puff pastry, thawed
1 egg, beated, if baking

Preparation:
1. Preheat the oven to 350°F (180°C), or heat a large pot filled halfway with cooking oil to 350°F (180°C). Place a wire rack on top of a baking sheet.

2. In large pan, add the vegetable oil, onion, chicken, salt, pepper, cumin, curry powder, and cayenne. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the onion softens.

3. Add the potatoes, peas and carrots, and milk and stir to combine. Cook for 10 minutes, stirring to break up the potatoes, until the curry thickens to the consistency of mashed potatoes. Remove the pan from the heat and let the curry cool for 30 minutes.

4. Dust a clean surface with flour and roll out the puff pastry to flatten the seams.

5. Using a wine glass, cut out 8 circles from each pastry sheet.

6. Scoop 1 tablespoon of the cooled curry filling in the center of a puff pastry circle. Fold the puff pastry in half, press the edges together, and seal the edges in a folding and rolling motion.

7. If baking, place the curry puffs on the prepared baking sheet and brush with the egg wash. Bake for 15 minutes, or until golden brown.

8. If frying, add the curry puffs to the hot oil in batches and fry for 5 minutes, until golden brown.

9.Enjoy!

#TastyJapan

#レシピ

MUSIC
Licensed via Audio Network

ピーマンの肉詰めのレシピをご紹介します！
鶏むね肉を詰め、上にモッツァレラチーズをのせてボリューム感を出しました！
赤、黄、緑のピーマンを使いとってもカラフル♪
美味しいので、ぜひ作ってみてくださいね♡

鶏むね肉でピーマンの肉詰め
15人分

材料：
オイルスプレー
鶏むね肉（角切り）　910g
塩　小さじ2
コショウ　小さじ2
オレガノ　小さじ2
ガーリックパウダー　小さじ2
乾燥ローズマリー　小さじ2
オニオンパウダー　小さじ2
薄力粉　250g
溶き卵　大6個
パン粉　345g
ピーマン（縦半分に切って種とワタを取り除いておく）　9個
マリナラソース　720ml
粉チーズ（パルメザンチーズ）　110g
モッツァレラチーズ（薄切り）905g

作り方：
1. オーブンを200°Cに予熱しておく。金網をのせた天板とオイルスプレーをした天板を用意しておく。

2. ボウルに鶏むね肉、塩、コショウ、オレガノ、ガーリックパウダー、乾燥ローズマリー、オニオンパウダーを加え、全体に行き渡るようにあえる。

3. 薄力粉、卵、パン粉をそれぞれ小さめのボウルに入れる。(2)を薄力粉、卵、パン粉の順に衣をつけて、金網の上にのせる。

4. 黄金色になるまでオーブンで25分程焼く。

5. ピーマンの切り口側を上にして、オイルスプレーをした天板に並べる。

6. ピーマンにマリナラソースを半量入れ、粉チーズを半量振りかける。(4)の鶏むね肉をいくつか入れ、残りのマリナラソースをかける。残りの粉チーズを振りかけ、スライスしたモッツァレラチーズを何枚か並べる。

7. オーブンで25分焼く。チーズが溶けてピーマンが柔らかくなったら、完成！


Chicken Parm-Stuffed Bell Peppers
for 15 servings

Ingredients:
nonstick cooking spray, for greasing
2 lb chicken breast(910 g), diced
2 teaspoons salt
2 teaspoons pepper
2 teaspoons dried oregano
2 teaspoons garlic powder
2 teaspoons dried rosemary
2 teaspoons onion powder
2 cups all purpose flour(250 g)
6 large eggs, beaten
3 cups plain breadcrumbs(345 g)
9 bell peppers, halved lengthwise, seeds and ribs removed
3 cups marinara sauce(720 mL)
1 cup parmesan cheese(110 g), grated
32 oz fresh mozzarella cheese(905 g), sliced

Preparation:
1. Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C). Set a wire rack over a baking sheet. Grease another baking sheet with nonstick spray.

2. In a medium bowl, combine the chicken, salt, pepper, oregano, garlic powder, rosemary, and onion powder, and toss until evenly coated.

3. Add the flour, eggs, and bread crumbs to 3 separate medium bowls. Coat a few pieces of chicken at a time in the flour, then the eggs, then the bread crumbs. Once coated, transfer to the wire rack.

4. Bake for 25 minutes, or until golden brown.

5. Arrange the bell peppers, cut-side up, on the greased baking sheet.

6. Spoon half of the marinara sauce into the peppers. Sprinkle half of Parmesan over the marinara. Add a few pieces of chicken to each pepper, then spoon over the rest of the marinara sauce, and sprinkle with the rest of the Parmesan. Top each pepper with a couple slices of mozzarella.

7. Bake for 25 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and the
peppers have softened.

8. Serve immediately.

9. Enjoy!

#TastyJapan

#レシピ

MUSIC
Licensed via Audio Network

かぼちゃをたっぷり使った2種類のスイーツ♫おもてなしにもピッタリなレシピです！
甘くて濃厚な口あたりは、ハマってしまう美味しさです。ぜひ作ってみてくださいね♫
パンプキンパイシェイクを作るには...♡

パンプキンパイ
8人分

材料:
◾️パイ生地
薄力粉　250g + 作業台用に少々
シナモン　小さじ2
塩　小さじ1
ショートニング　170g（2cm角に切っておく）
氷水　大さじ6
◾️フィリング
砂糖　200g+大さじ2
シナモン　大さじ1+1つまみ
生姜パウダー　小さじ1/2
クローブ(粉末) 　小さじ 1/2
塩　小さじ3/4
卵　大3個
かぼちゃピューレ　425g
無糖練乳　270ml
ホイップクリーム、またはアイスクリーム(盛り付け用)

材料:
1. パイ生地を作る。大きめのボウルに薄力粉、シナモン、塩を入れて混ぜ合わせる。ショートニングを加え、ペイストリーブレンダーかナイフ二本を使って切るように混ぜ合わせる。ショートニングがグリンピース位の大きさになるまで続ける。

2. 氷水を大さじ1ずつ加え、優しく混ぜる。生地がまとまるまで繰り返す。

3. 作業台の上にラップを広げ、(2)をのせる。丸くなるように形を整えてラップで包む。冷蔵庫で30分冷やす。

4. オーブンを220 ̊Cに予熱しておく。

5. フィリングを作る。小さめのボウルに砂糖、シナモン、生姜、クローブ、塩を加えて混ぜ合わせる。

6. 大きめのボウルに卵を割り入れて混ぜる。かぼちゃピューレと(5)を加えて混ぜる。無糖練乳を注ぎ入れてさらに混ぜる。

7. 薄力粉を振りかけた作業台に(3)を出し、麺棒で6mmの厚さの円形に伸ばす。麺棒と作業台に薄力粉をまぶし続けながらベタつかないようにする。直径24cmのパイプレートに移し、はみ出でいる部分を下に折り込む。端を指で成形して波型にする。（生地はできるだけ冷たくしておきたいため、手で触りすぎないよう、気を付ける。）

8. (6)を(7)に入れる。

9. オーブンで15分焼き、温度を180 ̊Cに下げてさらに40分ほど焼く。パイプレートを動かすと中心部が少し揺れるくらいになったら、取り出す。

10. ワイヤーラックの上に置いて、2時間ほど冷ます。

11. カットしてホイップクリームかアイスクリームを添えたら、完成！

パンプキンパイ シェイク
1人分

材料：
生クリーム　120ml
粉砂糖　大さじ1
パンプキンパイ スパイス　小さじ1/2 ＋ 盛り付け用に少々
メープルシロップ　大さじ1 ＋ 小さじ1
パンプキンパイ　1切れ
バニラアイス　225g

作り方：
1. ボウルに生クリーム、粉砂糖、パンプキンパイ・スパイス、メープルシロップ小さじ1を入れる。ツノが立つまで泡立て器で混ぜる。

2. ブレンダーにパンプキンパイ、バニラアイス、メープルシロップ大さじ1を入れ、滑らかになるまでブレンドする。

3. グラスに(2)を注いて(1)をトッピングする。パンプキンパイ・スパイスをかけたら、完成！

Here is what you'll need!

---

Old-Fashioned Pumpkin Pie
for 8 servings

Ingredients:
◾️PIE DOUGH
2 cups all-purpose flour(250 g), plus more for dusting
2 teaspoons cinnamon
1 teaspoon kosher salt
¾ cup shortening(170 g), cubed
6 tablespoons ice water
◾️FILLING
1 cup sugar(200 g), plus 2 tablespoons
1 tablespoon ground cinnamon, plus a pinch
1 ½ teaspoons ground ginger
½ teaspoon ground cloves
¾ teaspoon kosher salt
3 large eggs
15 oz canned pumpkin puree(425 g)
1 cup evaporated milk(240 mL), plus 2 tablespoons
whipped cream, or ice cream for serving

Preparation:
1.Make the pie dough: In a large bowl, whisk together flour, cinnamon, and salt. Using a pastry blender or two knives, cut shortening into the flour until the shortening breaks down into pea-sized pieces.

2.Add the ice water, 1 tablespoon at a time, and stir gentle until the dough starts to come together.

3.Dump the dough onto a work surface lined with 2 large pieces of plastic wrap. Shape dough into a disc and wrap tightly with the plastic wrap. Chill the dough in the refrigerator for about 30 minutes.

4.Preheat the oven to 425˚F (220˚C)

5.Make the filling: In a small bowl, mix together the sugar, cinnamon, ginger, cloves, and salt.

6.In a large bowl, whisk the eggs. Add the pumpkin and sugar-spice mix and whisk to combine. Slowly whisk in the evaporated milk until incorporated.

7.Once the dough has chilled, lightly flour a clean surface. Roll out the dough to a ¼-inch (6 mm)-thick round. Keep the surface and rolling pin floured as needed so the dough doesn’t stick. Transfer the dough to a 9½-inch pie pan (24 cm). Tuck the edges under and crimp. Note: The key to flaky pie crust is to handle it as little and as gently as possible. Handle it only as much as is absolutely necessary to mix, shape, and roll out.

8.Pour the filling into the pie shell.

9.Bake the pie for 15 minutes, then reduce the oven temperature to 350˚F (180˚C) and bake for another 40 minutes, or until the center jiggles slightly.

10.Cool the pie on a wire rack for 2 hours.

11.Slice and serve with whipped cream or ice cream.

12.Enjoy!

Pumpkin Pie Milkshake
for 1 serving

Ingredients:
½ cup heavy cream(120 mL)
1 tablespoon powdered sugar
½ teaspoon pumpkin pie spice, plus more for garnish
1 tablespoon maple syrup, plus 1 teaspoon, divided
1 slice Tasty's pumpkin pie
1 ½ cups vanilla ice cream(225 g)

Preparation:
1.In a medium bowl, combine the heavy cream, powdered sugar, pumpkin pie spice, and 1 teaspoon maple syrup. Whip with an electric hand mixer until medium peaks form.

2.In a blender, combine the pumpkin pie, remaining tablespoon of maple syrup, and the ice cream. Blend until smooth.

3.Pour the milkshake into a glass and top with a dollop of whipped cream and a sprinkle of pumpkin pie spice.

4.Enjoy!

#TastyJapan

#レシピ

MUSIC
Licensed via Audio Network