英文寫作中常常會使用到轉折詞表達兩個觀點相反或不同的論述。喬今天整理了下轉折詞，可能包含副詞、連接詞、介系詞，附上英英解釋幫助理解：
☛ On the contrary (副詞片語) 相對來說
- used to show that you think or feel the opposite of what has just been stated:
例：You told the show was interesting. On the contrary, I fell asleep half way through it.
（你跟我說這場秀很有趣。但相反的，我看到一半就睡著了。）
☛ However (副詞) 然而
- used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously
例：Joe looks young. However, he is actually almost 35 already.
（喬看起來年輕。然而，他實際上已經35歲了。）
☛ Nevertheless (副詞) 然而
- in spite of that; despite what has been said or referred to
例：I knew the topics pretty well. However, Joe’s speech was still interesting to me.
（我挺瞭解那些話題的。但是，喬的演講仍然對我來說挺有趣。）
☛ Although/Though (連接詞) 儘管
- despite the fact that/but
例：Although Grey knows it is going to be difficult, she still wants to be a doctor.
（儘管格蕾知道會很艱難，她仍然堅持要當一名醫師。）
☛ despite/in spite of/regardless of (介系詞) + 名詞 — 僅管
- without being affected by; in spite of
例：Grey is living a good life with her sisters despite the loss of her husband.
（格蕾與她的姐妹過著不錯的生活，僅管喪夫。）
☛ Notwithstanding (介系詞、副詞、連接詞) 儘管
- in spite of
例：Notwithstanding the loss of her sister, Grey still tried to pull it together.
（儘管失去了她的妹妹，格蕾仍然嘗試了振作起來。）
例：Grey didn’t like her sister, Maggie, at the beginning. Notwithstanding, they are now very close.
（格蕾一開始並不喜歡她的妹妹，瑪姬。但是，她們現在非常親近。）
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