【渾水一片:還原香港海界爭議發展史】 (上篇) #都市化洋謀 #9月專研
過往在香港討論有關海洋邊界爭議,往往是香港以南的南海主權問題。事實上近年的焚船污染、明日大嶼、12人越洋、走私不斷等當下議題,都與海洋空間規劃、定界及海權問題有關,而香港早年殖民期的海界及海權作為各種海洋亂象之源,卻少有人深入探討。
翻查一系列關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案,整理過往殖民地時期有關香港「含糊」水域爭議的發展史,揭示牽涉複雜的海洋邊界政治,除了作為當時中英政治角力的前緣,亦有助我們了解現時香港水域範圍的歷史脈絡及源起。
一條海界 兩個表述
殖民地時期早年,香港的水域範圍一直未有公開確實的版本,亦引伸出有兩種不同的界線表述。
於20世紀初,根據《展拓香港界址專條》的香港地圖顯示,香港水域呈「方型」界線(square boundary )。根據一份關於新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories),當時中方海關經常巡邏於以大嶼山以西大澳水域一帶(方型界線以外),似乎更視其為中方水域。然而,早在1901年英方已有向港督提及,按照國際上的海洋慣例,一般領海 (normal territorial waters)寬度應為3海里 (three nautical miles),因而,香港領海界線應呈現為「彎曲型」(sinuous),比起「方形」範圍雖然多了大嶼山以西水域,同時卻損失了東南方一大片水域,作為最早期的香港水域範圍的兩個表述。
後續1911年修訂《釋義條例》(Interpretation Ordinance) 時,由於港督的錯誤公告字眼(wording of an incorrect Proclamation),令到香港水域繼續被闡釋為方型。
而這個錯誤的公告去到1950年被修訂。英方於1950年重新檢視與領海相關的條例,表示若沿用1937年英方對於《釋義條例》的闡釋,地圖所顯示的「方形」界線,只是英方租用中方領土的一條分界線(merely a line of delimitation of the area within which all territory was leased) ,並不是租用香港3海里以外的水域範圍(this did not mean that there was a purported lease of any waters outside normal territorial waters),可見,內部確立「彎曲型」的領海範圍。
參考一份1950年關於香港水域的英國解密檔案 (1950 CO 537 6036 Territorial water) 中的英方外交部內閣大臣Jim Griffiths跟港督的電報來往中顯示,因當時中日關係惡劣,為了保持當時英方中立 (neutral) 的立場。英方亦想盡量避免中日雙方於香港水域範圍發生衝突 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),早於1937年至1939年,英方曾經指示香港水域要跟隨國際慣例,將領海寬度收窄至3海里。無獨有偶,1950年修訂《釋義條例》,已有英方法律意見表示當時擔心如果國、共兩軍在新海界(彎曲型)及舊海界(方型)之間的位置發生衝突,將會造成英方外交上尷尬,要盡快修例避免尷尬事件。可見,英方變動水域邊界時明顯有其政治考量。
即使已修例,1952年當時國際法庭 (International Court of Justice) 有關英挪漁業案(Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case)的判決 (Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019),提及使用哪種基線方式來劃定領海的爭議,促使香港律政司重提「方型」領海是否合法地代表香港水域,但建議被英方否決。其後在1958年,即使英國外交部再次表示「方型」範圍只是表示港英領土的一條分界線 (all land within the line thus shown is Hong Kong territory),但同時亦保留方型界線,聲稱為免影響航空航線。
早年香港水域邊界一直未被確實,即使在法律層面上,英方內部確立「彎曲型」領海範圍的合法性。然而,其後英方一直未有公開與中國共產黨政權講述其水域範圍,或擔心會侵犯中國領海主權。可見,香港水域一直受到變動中的海緣政治影響,經常遊走在當時國際上認可海洋慣例(彎曲型)與中英簽訂的《展拓香港界址專條》(方型)之間。
中方圍堵香港水域的預言?
水域範圍、基線劃定的方法及國際航海權一直是國際外交上一個十分敏感的議題。香港作為英國殖民地,卻緊貼住中國的領海範圍,除了香港水域定界,船隻來往香港的航道亦一直是英方十分頭痛的問題,稍有不慎,就會有被冠上侵犯中國海權的「辱華」罪名。
中方於1958年第一次聯合國海洋法公約(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea),已經單方面將其領海範圍擴展至12海哩,英國宗主國當時內部表明會反對中方單方面的領海宣稱,擔心會發生圍堵香港水域的情況。
根據新界邊界及現況的英國解密檔案(1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories)中的電報來往,當時港英內部評估,認為中方擴展領海將對香港造成「海陸空」影響,除了會收窄飛機的航道、需要重新佈線電纜和無線電纜、亦會限制海軍的演練空間,大大影響香港的船隻來往,來往公海的航道走廊更會收窄到1海里(corridor of international waters could be reduced to about one mile),形容「接近完全圍封香港」 (almost completely envelope Hong Kong)。
隨著國際共識的改變,在1972年第三次聯合國海洋法會議前夕,英方亦打算將國土領海範圍的3海里擴展至12海里。翻查另一份1972年關於香港水域爭議的英國解密檔案 (1972 FCO 21 1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong),當時英方內部考慮這次擴展海界,應否包括香港殖民地,並計劃在香港附近水域進行海道測量 (Hydrographic survey),明顯想放風測試中方反應。
然而,根據英國外交部及港英的內部電報來往,英方雖然一度打算在翌年與中方在第三次聯合國海洋法會議上提及香港殖民地水域擴展,但英方內部亦指出中方定會反對香港的水域擴展至12海里,除了因為香港擴展會跟中國水域重疊,中國亦一直視香港為固有領土,不可視香港為獨立的行政個體 (separate entity),應該維持現狀,限制今次香港擴海界。
呼應早期50年代有關中方圍堵香港水域的擔憂,英方擔心如果掀起討論,更有可能令香港航道問題惡化 (a risk that any such discussion would vitiate the present adequate though limited freedom of passage)。按英國外交部理解,中方只不過默許船隻在不進入擔桿列島5海哩範圍的前提下進入香港;如果中國「執正嚟做」嚴格實踐其12海里的主權宣稱,則連博寮海峽都不能通行 (a 12 mile limit strictly adhered to in this area would make normal surface access to Hong Kong through the Lemma Channel impossible)。最後,英方外交部為免觸動到中方神經,加上「信唔過」中方 (their good will… cannot be relied on a year ahead),建議的對策卻是避免「打草驚蛇」(let sleeping dogs lie),絕口不提香港擴海界。
直到1987年,英國正式將水域擴展到12海哩,但香港並沒有納入被擴展的範圍。在香港前途談判過程中,亦未有正式提及香港水域擴展12海里一事(Jørgensen N. H. B., 2019)。可見,面對中方進取的領海主權宣稱,英方在香港水域邊界問題上,尤其顯得無力。
香港「渾水」邊界的潛規則
面對中國擴海界後將會圍堵香港的擔憂,根據一份有關香港水域及其爭議的英國解密檔案(1968 FCO 21 547 Dispute with China about territorial waters),當中牽涉中英雙方就香港海界爭議鮮為人知的權宜之計(modus vivendi)。
事緣1968年一艘美國貨船於萬山群島近珠江口一帶(Lema Channel in the estuary of the Pearl River)被中方海軍的警告已入侵中方水域,檔案中有一份美國國務院情報與研究局官員Thoms L. Hughes事後對中國共產黨於香港鄰近水域的主權宣稱(Communist assertions of sovereignty over waters in the vicinity of Hong Kong)進行一份內部評估報告,提到中方不時會「放生」來往香港的商船。
於50年代初,船隻可以經萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港水域,可謂當時的潛規則(local ground rule)。然而,在中方宣稱12海里領海後,於1959年曾發出達20次警告,外國商船透過萬山群島近珠江口一帶接近香港期間入侵中方水域,並禁止一切外國船隻通往萬山群島近珠江口一帶,評估報告中亦提及多次美國商船及軍艦通往香港遇上中國海軍的事件。
然而,中方不但少有採取實際軍事行動,多是「口頭」表示抗議及警告外國船隻侵犯中國水域,更沒有對外公開批評數次入侵事件。就以上例子,美方評估中國當時並不是新的「強硬路線」宣示領海主權(new harder line from Peking),只是由於過多船隻進入萬山群島內沿而作出的回應(is a reaction to an increasing number of passages through the interior Lema Channel)[萬山群島內沿被中國視為內海]。
而當時美方估計中方「放生」的動機,很可能取決於政經考量,其一為不想失去香港作為(kill the goose)來往外國商船主要來往中國的航道,以及香港為中國帶來的外匯,而另一原因則是避免發生中國海軍與美國軍艦於海上起衝突。
此外,除了英方一直未有公佈香港水域邊界,中方一直並未有公開宣稱香港以西南的珠江通道12海里的精準劃界(public silence regarding the exact limits of its claim)。中英雙方基於政治考量,對於香港水域劃界及航道,更被美方稱靈活的實用主義(flexible pragmatism)。
而美方認為英方亦知悉船隻來往香港的「後路」,根據一份英方未被公開的非正式文件( informal note)顯示,除了船隻背後的註冊國家將成為影響進入香港的政治因素,英方更提及最合適的接近香港水域的航道,是經萬山群島以南以及擔桿頭島五海里以外(keep to the south of the Lima Group and five miles or more off Tam kan Head),港英政府早於五十年代,已廣傳這份文件到商船公司及中方,有共識地默許外國船隻經香港東南方水域,作為當時來往香港的「後路」。
可見,比起香港陸上的邊界,早期香港水域由定界、擴界到圍堵,可謂「渾水一片」。而當中牽涉複雜的海緣政治,亦顯示香港水域並非一條確確實實的邊界範圍,反而是中英雙方的妥協空間。而後來香港水域邊界將如何落實為現時版本?當中牽涉多少談判?而所引伸的一系列有關領海執法權以至政府管轄權的問題,將揭示香港水域日後跨境執法以至逃犯移交的爭議。(下集待續)
參考資料
Jørgensen, N. H. B. (2019). The (Unequal) Relationship between Hong Kong’s Waters and China’s Baselines. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy, 4(1), 1–27.
1950 CO 537/6036 Territorial water
1962 CO 1030/1334 Status and boundaries of Hong Kong New Territories
1968 FCO 21/547 Dispute with China about territorial waters
1972 FCO 21/1024 Territorial waters dispute between China and Hong Kong
1974 FCO 18/154 Hong Kong territorial waters
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16:54:28You Belong With Me/Taylor Swift
09/24星期五
14:04:05我想你的快樂是因為我/洛客班
14:07:49好想吃拉麵/Orange Range
14:10:00會咬人的狗/Tizzy Bac
14:16:04無法入睡的夜/Crush/PUNCH
14:19:58你給我聽好/陳奕迅
14:24:31鱷魚/彭佳慧
14:32:53Kiss Me More/Doja Cat/SZA
14:37:28也可以/閻奕格
14:41:52不能說的秘密/周杰倫
14:49:30想你/范曉萱
14:53:37寶物/關8
15:04:12甜甜甜/傅薇
15:08:03親愛的/SUPER JUNIOR-厲旭
15:11:20媽滷個蛋/幽谷瓦歷思
15:16:46走路去紐約/陶晶瑩
15:21:01日環食/邱鋒澤
15:24:41A Sky Full Of Stars/Coldplay
15:33:42以後別做朋友/周興哲
15:40:05魚罐頭/自然捲
15:43:21too much food/Jason Mraz
15:49:18愛要安心呀/蕭閎仁/安心亞
15:54:08As Long As You Love Me/Backstreet Boys
16:04:03體會/陳慧琳
16:08:19I Love You/Just
16:12:14清醒裝睡中/曹格
16:16:54我就是個樸實無華的Bass手/魚丁糸
16:19:40Start Over/Imagine Dragons
16:22:41肯定就是你/許慧欣
16:31:29第三人稱/蔡依林
16:36:08脆弱一分鐘/林宥嘉
16:40:231+1+1=3/Prince 王子
16:49:53聰明不聰明/丁世光
16:53:26又愛又笑又開心又流淚/Dreams Come True
09/23星期四
14:04:05Funky Boy/Bii畢書盡
14:07:53Too Funky/George Michael
14:11:46親愛的別哭了/安婕希
14:17:27溫室花朵/陳綺貞
14:22:06你不真的想流浪/柯智棠
14:27:23哦 我的鬼神大人/3rd Coast
14:35:36On My Way/Alan Walker
14:39:56等一個晴天/蔡淳佳
14:44:15這樣好嗎/韋禮安
14:50:16是時候 啟程/范逸臣
14:54:52好多好多/大塚 愛
15:04:11蚵仔麵線/琳誼
15:07:32Best Part of Me/Ed Sheeran
15:11:26我的勇敢我的快樂/蘇慧倫
15:18:35關你屁事啊/彭佳慧/熊仔
15:22:05滑步向左/比莉
15:25:50 All For You/Janet Jackson
15:35:36溫柔的彗星/YOASOBI
15:40:15我瘋你/伍家輝
15:43:50不讀不回/吳汶芳
15:50:30WeWe/告五人
15:54:16I Drove All Night/Celine Dion
16:04:04聽海/張惠妹
16:09:00尋找/黃霆睿
16:12:10This Is The Last Time/Keane
16:17:37friDay 超展開/J.Sheon/魏如萱
16:21:18Last Dance/(G)I-DLE
16:24:22主動/溫嵐
16:32:16雪花/黃品源
16:36:44想起/江美琪
16:42:13將手伸進不安之中/槙原敬之
16:50:08White Flag/Dido
16:54:04任何形狀/DAPUN 大胖/陳思涵
9/22星期三
14:03:57時間快轉/戴佩妮
14:08:21愛的數學家/蔣卓嘉
14:10:35Summertime/The Click Five
14:14:40我們好好的/李榮浩
14:19:00還是要幸福/田馥甄
14:23:31GOOD DAY/IU
14:31:34This Kiss/Carly Rae Jepse
14:36:27捨得/鄭秀文
14:40:32Don't Cry/吳思賢
14:48:34單身≠失戀/孫盛希
14:53:50Sugar Lady/河村隆一
15:04:18情字這條路/賴銘偉
15:07:19Somewhere I Belong/Linkin Park
15:10:51Rise and Shine/小男孩樂團
15:16:16別再想見我/許光漢
15:20:35當冬夜漸暖/孫燕姿
15:25:10交往順利/B1A4
15:33:52Borrow Your Time/Fly By Midnight
15:38:22第一次/光良
15:42:35我們都傻/楊丞琳
15:49:55當你想著我/品冠/李心潔
15:54:02迷宮戀曲/嵐
16:03:56你是如此難以忘記/梁朝偉
16:08:20So much in love/All 4 one
16:12:21盲聽/于文文
16:18:06大頭仔/徐佳瑩
16:21:46Five/APINK
16:24:53愛情風向球/Energy
16:32:11誰知道/蔡旻佑
16:36:40何必記念/莊鵑瑛
16:42:08Midnight Sky/Miley Cyrus
16:48:11寂寞的咖啡因/柯震東
16:52:42青春的瞬間/椎名林檎
09/21星期二
14:04:04親愛的/潘瑋柏
14:08:08半糖主義/S.H.E
14:11:46Lemon/米津玄師
14:17:52該忘的日子/郭靜
14:21:58分享/伍思凱
14:26:37Wrapped Up/Olly Murs
14:33:53Call Me/徐懷鈺
14:38:13想見你想見你想見你/八三夭
14:42:18Flying Without Wings/Westlife
14:48:21A/GOT7
14:51:57我不是在悲傷的想念你/陳珊妮
14:55:01防空洞/蘇慧倫/張震嶽
15:04:11純情青春夢/許富凱
15:09:20Love Story/安室奈美惠
15:13:52怨偶/MC HotDog/艾怡良
15:19:28Lonely Together/Rita Ora
15:22:36沒什麼不能愛/曾沛慈
15:31:32Guard You/Young K
15:35:10有一種悲傷/A-Lin
15:38:49Make You Feel My Love/Adele
15:44:36Lose Yourself to Dance/Daft Punk
15:50:23舞女/岑寧兒
15:54:22心動/庾澄慶
16:04:04每一次喊你/無印良品
16:07:55過去、現在和未來/CNBLUE
16:11:50緩慢/林曉培
16:19:13不愛自己的人/蔡佩軒
16:23:04日日夜夜/張棟樑
16:27:48只想說,謝謝妳/MONKEY MAJIK
16:36:16How You Like That/BLACKPINK
16:39:53非你莫屬/TANK
16:44:26如何忘記你/張若凡
16:51:48囉哩叭唆/Ella 陳嘉樺
16:55:16嗨嗨人生/MC HotDog
09/20星期一
14:03:57Get The Party Started/P!nk
14:07:38你不懂我/葛仲珊
14:13:04聽見下雨的聲音/魏如昀
14:17:32小時候的我們/周興哲
14:20:53Silhouette/Tom Odell
14:30:19Turn Up The Radio/Madonna
14:34:41愛,很簡單/陶吉吉
14:38:58想見你/德永英明
14:46:25我只想在乎我在乎的/白安
14:51:21Sexy Sexy Lover/Modern Talking
14:54:23愈慢愈美麗/蔡依林
15:04:18啞巴情歌/黃乙玲
15:08:24獨處的時候/蘇打綠
15:12:45告別飛行/陶吉吉
15:18:57Swing/U-KNOW允浩/BoA
15:22:18薇多莉亞的秘密/張惠妹
15:30:44再也沒有你/梁心頤
15:35:56 Yes I do/Supper Moment
15:40:36我是如此愛你/林慧萍
15:47:47Who Says/Selena Gome
15:51:36我敢在你懷裡孤獨/劉若英
15:55:51不著地/王力宏
16:03:56忘了時間的鐘/古巨基
16:07:11Lucky/Jason Mraz
16:10:15我的左耳/舒米恩
16:15:20That's What I Like/Bruno Mars
16:18:43沒辦法/黃立成/Machi
16:26:35我愛的人不愛我/張智成
16:30:47應該/楊乃文
16:36:47Here I Am/地球樂團
16:47:09BAD LADY/楊丞琳/RAZOR
16:50:20Gangnam Style/Psy
16:53:54雙人枕頭/花兒樂隊
09/17星期五
14:04:08別急著說妳愛我到天長地久/糯米糰
14:08:08Broken Your Heart/Take That
14:11:46狂奔/藍心湄
14:18:45Bedtime Story/劉明湘
14:22:24超人不會飛/周杰倫
14:27:18Only U/Junggigo
14:33:50You'll Never Know/J.Sheon
14:38:25白天不懂夜的黑/那英
14:42:22Homesick/Dua Lipa/Chris Martin
14:49:167 years/Lukas Graham
14:53:06Beautiful Woman/安溥
15:04:04良心/亂彈
15:08:48Viva La Gloria?/Green Day
15:12:30外婆的泡泡糖/原子邦妮
15:19:17自戀的自虐/泯柯薰
15:24:20我們都寂寞/陳奕迅
15:29:02Life Is Good/EPIK HIGH/Jay
15:37:09小情歌/蘇打綠
15:42:44King/Years & Years
15:49:10你是答案/王笠人
15:53:50I should be so lucky/mihimaru GT大和美姬丸
16:04:06青梅竹馬/周治平
16:09:10再見/林凡
16:12:57Through The Dark/One Direction
16:19:28約嗎/KIMBERLEY 陳芳語
16:22:32Honey/Mariah Carey
16:27:22你我可以/熊仔
16:35:58流浪地圖/蕭賀碩
16:41:20地獄有啥不好/星野源
16:48:59出嫁/李宓/風田
16:52:57Midnight Sun/F.CUZ
09/16星期四
14:04:04Everybody's Changing/Keane
14:07:32繼續轉動/動力火車
14:11:06等你回來/魏妙如
14:16:39想和你一起/李友廷/洪安妮
14:20:17沒關係 是愛情啊/DAVICHI
14:24:13錯覺/蘇慧倫
14:33:02Fun/Pitbull/Chris Brown
14:37:29我不是你該愛的那個人/曾沛慈
14:42:02星空/五月天
14:49:54心動了/Dreams Come True
14:54:32魔法BOY/春艷/持修
15:04:07共你惜惜/浩子
15:07:54談戀愛/脫拉庫
15:11:23Te Aviso Te Anuncio/Shakira
15:18:38那個男人/玄彬
15:23:03同行/文慧如
15:26:21壞掉的戀曲/魏如萱
15:35:47DROP/美波
15:41:52一起吃苦的幸福/周華健
15:49:07That's Why/MLTR
15:54:22美麗的 我不碰就是了/關詩敏
16:04:03燃燒一瞬間/張清芳
16:08:29With You/LYn
16:12:38Before We Die/noovy
16:17:49I'm A Mess/Bebe Rexha
16:20:51你是我的菜/周湯豪
16:29:22沒有找到你/劉思涵
16:34:09我給的愛/鍾鎮濤
16:39:44Hollywood/Madonna
16:47:39新娘紗/李宓
16:52:33藍天/黃義達
09/15星期三
14:04:49草莓麵包/戴佩妮
14:07:45ummer Lovely Days/大塚 愛
14:11:48我回來了/蔡旻佑
14:17:15雛形/徐佳瑩
14:21:06Much Too Soon/Michael Jackson
14:23:45獨一無二的女孩/謝沛恩
14:31:56On My Mind/Ellie Goulding
14:36:30今夜只為你歌唱/許茹芸
14:41:34還是愛著你/韋禮安
14:47:541.2.3.4/LEE HI
14:52:33背叛/曹格
15:04:10珍珠芋圓/旺福
15:07:54愛我久久/阿牛
15:11:16It's Our Time/moumoon 沐月
15:18:04Do Do Do/Karencici
15:20:51Not Myself Tonight/Christina Aguilera
15:29:26Don't Shut Me Down/ABBA
15:34:23我們都傻/楊丞琳
15:39:47我拿什麼愛妳/齊秦
15:46:55What Can I Do/南拳媽媽
15:50:18NAKKA/AKMU 樂童音樂家
15:54:54愛上一個女孩/許書豪
16:03:59你是我的幸福嗎/伊能靜
16:07:56愚公移山/麋先生Mixer
16:11:31Give Me A Reason/The Corrs
16:17:20In The End /Linkin Park
16:20:38戰/吳霏
16:26:18親密愛人/王若琳
16:30:45第三人稱/hush!
16:36:15Young Forever/CNBLUE
16:43:37原來在身邊/李宓
16:47:51Long Vacation/Cagnet
16:52:04有一道彩虹/大合唱
09/14星期二
14:04:04飢/羅時豐
14:08:08美味的秘密/桑田佳祐
14:13:16不愛了/李玖哲
14:18:02Lost in your eyes/Debbie Gibson
14:21:39不能重生的冒險/美秀集團
14:29:49低電量/呂士軒
14:34:25It's Gonna Be Alright/順子
14:39:05Know Who You Are/Pharrell William
14:45:25轉身以後/小男孩樂團
14:50:19All With You/少女時代-太妍
14:54:08一千年以後/林俊傑
15:04:07紅線/江蕙
15:09:12海邊的曼徹斯特/郭蘅祈
15:13:42Tell Them Who You Are/Daniel Powter
15:19:50Don't Shut Me Down/ABBA
15:23:40獨舞/徐懷鈺
15:30:34Me without you/Xydo/玟星
15:35:07放心不下/黃小琥
15:39:27漸好/光良
15:45:50Love Song/Luna Sea
15:53:51美麗舊世界/李芷婷
16:04:03吻別/張學友
16:08:50舊情歌/蔡健雅
16:12:28Everything At Once/Lenka
16:17:02COLORFUL/婁峻碩
16:20:36結果咧/大嘴巴
16:24:54Breathe/Jax Jones/Ina
16:32:25傻孩子/閻韋伶
16:36:09不將就/李榮浩
16:42:17約定/EXO
16:49:51出嫁/李宓/風田
16:53:48新世界/棉花糖
09/13星期一
14:04:36MOON NIGHT/I Don't Like Monday
14:07:37寂寞之上/宇宙人
14:11:49誰撿到我的夢/林依晨
14:17:28愛要有你才完美/那英
14:22:12在哪裡都很好/蔡健雅/王源
14:25:59I Still../Backstreet Boys
14:32:25Good Foot/Justin Timberla
14:37:07手語/周杰倫
14:41:48這也是沒有辦法的事/陳珊妮
14:48:34小王子/SUPER JUNIOR-厲旭
14:53:43神奇/孫燕姿
15:04:22蚵仔麵線/琳誼
15:07:44我的失敗與偉大/劉若英
15:11:13Shoes/王大文
15:18:17Angel Baby/Troye Sivan
15:21:50沒有人抽煙/林憶蓮
15:30:57我本想大聲斥責但她真的好香/Zing
15:35:21我是一隻小小鳥/丁噹
15:40:05聽說你找到了快樂 /林育群
15:46:459 Million/KIMBERLEY 陳芳語
15:51:39即使離別 /平井堅
16:03:59囚鳥/彭羚
16:08:37Blue Sky/Standing Egg
16:12:31教海鷗飛行的貓/王心凌
16:18:28蘋果人民共和國/馬念先
16:22:22Lightning/The Wanted
16:30:05雙手的溫柔/江美琪
16:34:13親愛的/徐若瑄
16:40:18Woman/Maroon 5
16:48:52新娘紗/李宓
16:53:47著迷氣泡飲料/洸美-hiromi-
09/10星期五
14:04:04變心記/蔡旻佑
14:07:42神隊友/慢慢說樂團
14:11:12Pussy Cat/Lou Bega
14:16:33鋼琴鍵/戴佩妮
14:20:27天天夜夜/F.I.R.飛兒樂團
14:25:11Too Much/Carly Rae Jepsen
14:31:53That's What I Like/Bruno Mars
14:36:00自己照顧自己/萬芳
14:39:39再遇見你/何維健
14:46:18No Good For You/Meghan Trainor
14:50:21獨上C樓/YELLOW黃宣/范曉萱
14:54:1Pop Star/平井堅
15:04:07Beautiful的你莫走/七月半
15:08:28咖啡戀曲/旺福
15:12:29泳池畔的美人魚/V6
15:19:03In Your Time/李秀賢
15:23:27獨家記憶/陳小春
15:28:26positions/Ariana Grande
15:33:47初戀粉色系/南拳媽媽
15:38:11私奔到月球/五月天/陳綺貞
15:41:56Gorgeous/Taylor Swift
15:47:39我已成為我想要的我/林逸欣
15:51:31Bed Of Roses/Bon Jovi
16:04:03大雨/金智娟
16:09:06倖存者/林俊傑
16:13:41Snake/R. Kelly
16:21:03我不是你的快樂/蔡佩軒
16:25:01別說/李玖哲
16:28:15Love is all around/URBAN ZAKAPA
16:35:13管他啦/Matzka
16:39:45葉子/阿桑
16:44:24幸福到想哭/周華健
16:51:27小女孩/張芸京
16:55:40Spider Man/Michael Buble
09/09星期四
14:04:07用心盡在其中/吳汶芳
14:07:15太煩惱/楊丞琳
14:10:46Picture Of You/Boyzone
14:16:30無人知曉/田馥甄
14:21:07ALWAYS/Wanna One
14:25:20愛要坦蕩蕩/蕭蕭
14:32:04Take My Breath/The Weeknd
14:36:45眼淚的名字/謝安琪
14:40:46相信愛/周興哲
14:47:42奇異博士/吳克群
14:52:41Dearest/濱崎步
15:04:04酒命怪貓/曹雅雯/草屯囝仔
15:07:24magenta rain/M-Flo
15:12:58呼吸/J.Sheon
15:19:50欲言又止/閻奕格
15:23:36心無畏怯/徐仁國
15:27:08多情會有問題/張清芳
15:35:10Summertime/FIVE NEW OLD
15:39:40離開我/陶晶瑩
15:49:05分手夜/謊言留聲機/徐佳瑩
15:54:48They/Jem
16:04:06缺口/齊秦
16:09:25Hello/Adele
16:14:09機會與命運/hush!
16:20:38今天,半永久/梁靜茹
16:24:43 Wake Up In The Sky/Bruno Mars
16:31:01翅膀/林依晨
16:35:15最近的永遠/光良
16:40:29煙花/CNBLUE-鄭容和
16:47:35青椒肉絲/福原希己江
16:50:4香吉士之歌/四枝筆樂團
16:54:21也許像星星/929
09/08星期三
14:03:54Cake By The Ocean/DNCE
14:07:28再快樂一點/張韶涵
14:13:42每天每天/RK金承熙
14:18:19愛的代價/梁詠琪
14:22:27一加一大於二/關韶文/焦凡凡
14:28:33Gust Of Wind/Pharrell William
14:34:19黃色月亮/蘇慧倫
14:38:28日不落/潘裕文
14:46:11這樣好嗎/韋禮安
14:49:50如同悲傷被下載了兩次/陳珊妮/林宥嘉
14:53:5624-25/iri
15:04:14莎喲娜拉/旺福
15:08:03怎麼辦/S.H.E
15:11:24故事/柚子
15:18:30咖啡在等一個人/周慧敏
15:23:20妳的每個瞬間/成始璟
15:27:13追/孫燕姿
15:34:10I am not a woman, I_m a/Halsey
15:40:54珍珠奶茶/品冠
15:46:17I'll Never Love Again/Lady Gaga
15:52:45最重要的小事/五月天
16:03:56這樣愛你對不對/李宗盛
16:08:46被擋住的路/臉紅的思春期
16:12:59要怎麼告訴你我多喜歡/魏嘉瑩/理想混蛋雞丁
16:18:29Spirit In The Sky/Gareth Gates
16:21:53起床歌/曹格
16:28:45為你的寂寞唱歌/家家
16:33:42Tonight I'm here/張立昂
16:39:31Pieces/w-inds
16:49:19Ride Wit Me/Nelly
16:54:02想像愛/蔡詩芸
09/07星期二
14:04:38好想回到幼稚園/胖虎樂團
14:07:59STRAY HEART/Green Day
14:11:40環遊世界/旺福
14:16:26完美孤獨/莫文蔚
14:21:12北斗七星/ROY KIM
14:24:52奇異博士/吳克群
14:31:21Like I Would/ZAYN
14:35:39指望/郁可唯
14:39:29妳不必愛我/方炯鑌
14:46:53To Be Loved/潘瑋柏
14:50:20出嫁/李宓/風田
14:54:17KISS/柴崎幸
15:04:04愛的太超過/李千那/李英宏
15:07:48Moves/Olly Murs
15:10:30狂想.曲/蕭亞軒
15:16:26與海無關/告五人
15:20:20沙灘/蔡健雅
15:24:53那我算什麼/B1A4
15:32:10SPICY/CL
15:36:28他還認不認得我/丁噹
15:40:35我還相信我/黃偉晉
15:48:17Looking For An Angel/Kylie Minogue
15:53:13我比誰都清楚/陳曉東
16:04:06我無所謂/張惠妹
16:08:53Who You Love/John Mayer
16:13:00果不其然/吳柏蒼
16:18:55BLUE SKY/婁峻碩
16:22:15Starry Night/BoA
16:25:43仰望天空/溫嵐
16:32:14下雨天來不及開口的初戀/陳零九
16:37:20捨不得你/鄭秀文
16:43:24世界的盡頭/椎名林檎
16:49:33還是要相信愛情啊混蛋們/魏如萱
16:53:18She's Waiting/Eric Clapton
09/06星期一
14:03:57香水百合/張韶涵
14:06:48Everybody Wants Ya/S Club 7
14:09:53確可CHECK/林采欣
14:14:37學會/王菀之
14:18:41雨中的讚美詩/光良
14:22:33是花兒/Alex艾力克斯
14:28:51少了你的生活/熊仔
14:32:48倒著走/白安
14:37:22Still The Same/Rod Stewart
14:44:50沒有了/曾沛慈
14:49:55剪刀石頭布/影子計劃
14:53:51Lovin' it/安室奈美惠
15:04:14心愛的再會啦/伍佰& China Blue
15:09:14We Got It Going On/Bon Jovi
15:13:23晚點開竅/文慧如
15:21:16寂寞無謂/解偉苓
15:25:06海嘯/庾澄慶
15:29:42I love you more than any/TWICE
15:36:11精神分裂/吳卓源
15:38:44I Wanna Love You/AKon/Snoop dogg
15:43:49假裝/蔡依林
15:51:04鋼鐵愛情故事/ 蔡明仁
15:55:34少年/柚子
16:03:56悶/王菲
16:07:52Therefore I Am /Billie Eilish
16:10:40摩登原始人/炎亞綸
16:16:24泡沫/鄧紫棋
16:20:32痞子的情書/信
16:25:04最佳的幸運/EXO-CHEN
16:31:27Love/Little Mix
16:36:10走鋼索的人/李泉
16:40:50愛我就給我/李英宏
16:49:55帶著音樂去旅行/二珂
16:53:37La·La·La Love Song/久保田利伸
09/03星期五
14:04:43Make You Feel/王詩安
14:09:06Only Wanna Dance With You/Ke$ha
14:14:26不需要知道/韋禮安
14:18:52愛我 /張智成
14:23:40小星星/AKMU 樂童音樂家
14:31:33Rumors/Lizzo/Cardi B
14:35:16深邃與甜蜜/張清芳
14:40:02走散/曹楊
14:46:41雨點落在我頭上/羊毛與千葉花
14:50:10Scream/安溥
14:53:19But She Likes/許書豪
15:04:43愛情甜甜/孫淑媚
15:08:33Green Light/少女時代
15:11:19萬人迷/艾成
15:17:39愛我請保持沉默/馬念先
15:21:59最幸福的事/梁文音
15:26:25Nina/Ed Sheeran
15:32:51薔薇/蕭亞軒
15:38:07盲點/郭修彧
15:43:19Summer Of Love/Shawn Mendes
15:48:18我們的情人節/田亞霍
15:52:53Family Song/星野 源
16:04:03因為寂寞/李宗盛
16:07:20漫漫天光/莊鵑瑛
16:12:24Doesn't Matter/Daniel Powter
16:17:16天菜/J.Sheon
16:20:28I'll Show You/Justin Bieber
16:23:42Who Are You/BoA
16:31:29愛我吧/方大同
16:36:03讓心跳停了/藍又時
16:42:11跨越距離/矢井田瞳
16:48:35完美落地/亂彈阿翔
16:53:11Utopia/Alanis Morisset
09/02星期四
14:04:04鏡子/leo王
14:07:46Send Your Love/Sting
14:12:15Animals/SUPER JUNIOR
14:17:36你的名字/陳零九
14:22:26我為什麼那麼愛你/張惠妹
14:27:15Dream On/Roxette
14:32:34Butter/BTS 防彈少年團/Megan Thee Stallion
14:36:23留給你的愛/吳汶芳
14:40:58My Love/田馥甄
14:48:19Dear WOMAN/SMAP
14:54:09黑暗的盡頭/Crispy脆樂團
15:04:07鹹汫/曹雅雯
15:08:41Every Breath You Take/SHANTI
15:12:57同一種調調/周杰倫
15:19:56Hello Bye Bye/9m88
15:22:53Restart/Sam Smith
15:26:382020你在哪裡/小宇-宋念宇
15:35:34Rise Above/Ohashi Trio
15:39:15我要我們在一起/范曉萱
15:44:40壁咚/蔡黃汝
15:49:56愛上你不如愛上海/動力火車/林志炫
15:54:07JUST GIVE ME A REASON/P!nk
16:04:03對你的愛永遠多一點/黎明
16:08:08你會想念我嗎/蘇慧倫
16:12:05和妳一起/B1A4
16:17:38KURA KURA/TWICE
16:21:21宇宙小姐/S.H.E
16:24:19蟲洞/鼓鼓 呂思緯
16:31:39失落沙洲/徐佳瑩
16:36:30我很快樂/周興哲
16:42:22Butterfly/Jason Mraz
16:49:43pongso no Tao蘭嶼/陳建年
16:53:541973/James Blunt
09/01星期三
14:04:37戀愛ing/旺福
14:08:21September/Justin Timberla
14:12:13心情超讚/嵐
14:17:39趕快去睡/李友廷
14:21:13回來/張信哲
14:25:45Promises/The Cranberries
14:35:17Show Me Some/婁峻碩
14:38:41When We Were Young/Adele
14:43:20你把我灌醉/黃小琥
14:50:45Spark/moumoon 沐月
14:55:15I'd Rather Dance With You/Kings of Convenient
15:04:12美麗的情歌/蕭煌奇/曾寶儀
15:08:46沒什麼大不了/ KIMBERLEY 陳芳語
15:12:55Speak Now/Taylor Swift
15:18:52Party到天亮/黃玠
15:23:19Touch My Body/Sistar
15:26:43哈啦全年無休/陳珊妮
15:33:48never mind, let's break/LANY
15:37:34回家/家家
15:43:16寂寞邊界/張棟樑
15:49:36王寶釧苦守寒窯十八年/蕭閎仁
15:54:41找錯遊戲/菅田將暉
16:03:56多情種/優客李林
16:08:30拜託拜託給我一口/焦凡凡
16:10:55STRAY HEART/Green Day
16:16:32不夜城的咖啡店/庾澄慶
16:20:42睡不著/壞特
16:24:38好像都睡了/韶宥
16:32:12The Other Side/SZA
16:36:24你不在/王力宏
16:40:53瑜珈/林采欣
16:47:55跟我去旅行/四個朋友
16:52:14現在就是人生/森山直太朗
over land 包 包 是 哪 一 國 在 喜劇演員 Facebook 的最佳解答
英文字幕:YouTubeLearn
中文字幕:張皓雲
校稿 :YouTubeLearn
「約翰走路:走遍世界的男人」
You’ve probably seen one of these, a LEGO brick, but have you ever wondered how would it all started, and why is it called LEGO? Actually, the name is much older than this plastic brick. Are you curious? Let me tell you how it all began.
你可能看過這其中之一,一塊樂高積木,但你有沒有想過這一切是如何開始的,以及它為什麼叫樂高嘛?事實上,這名字比這塊塑膠積木老得多了。好奇嗎?讓我告訴你這一切如何開始的。
Many years ago, there was a skilled and hardworking carpenter named, Ole Kirk Christiansen. Ole was a respected carpenter with his own company. But times were hard, so he didn’t have much money and had to dismiss his last worker.
許多年以前,有位技術高超、工作勤奮的木匠,他的名字是Ole Kirk Christiansen。Ole是名受人尊敬的木匠,並擁有自己的公司。但日子很困苦,所以他沒有太多錢,還必須解雇最後一名員工。
“Come on in.”
“ I’ve closed down the workshop and packed my thing.”
“Heh, thank you!”
“I suppose I’d better write you a paycheck.”
“Take care!”
「進來吧。」
「我已經關了木作工坊,也打包了我的東西。」
「啊,謝謝你!」
「我想我最好寫張薪水支票給你。」
「保重!」
“Well, that was the last one. I just didn’t imagine that it would come to this.”
“I know. It’s hard to understand, but at least now it can’t get much worse.”
「嗯,這是最後一名員工。只是我沒有想像會演變成這樣。」
「我知道。很難預料到,但至少不會再更糟了。」
But it did get worse. Shortly after, Ole lost his wife. But Ole was a special person. He wasn’t the type that gave up. And with the responsibility of his four sons, he had to think of something. Ole had gotten an idea. And for him, it never took long to put an idea into action. Ole’s little invention made his boys so happy that he thought maybe he should start making toys. Ole decided to give it a try. Luckily, he had saved up a lot of wood from the carpentry production. He can now use it to make toys.
但事情確實更糟了。不久後,Ole失去了他的妻子。但Ole是個特別的人。他不是那種會放棄的人。為了要對四個兒子負起責任,他必須要想些辦法。Ole想到了個點子。而且對他來說,要將點子付諸行動從來不需花太多時間。Ole的小發明讓他的兒子們非常開心,所以他想也許他應該開始做玩具。Ole決定要試一試。幸運的是,他曾儲存了許多製作木器用的木料。他現在可以用這些來做玩具。
Time passed by, and even though Ole was a skilled carpenter and had a good eye for quality and detail, sales were very slow. Luckily, one of his sons, Godtfrey, started helping out his dad after school. Together, they just barely managed to keep up the production. Eventually, word began to spread that wooden toys of the finest quality were being made in a little workshop in Billund.
時光流逝,而且即使Ole是名技術高超的木匠,並對品質及細節有好眼光,銷售還是非常緩慢。幸運地,他其中一個兒子Godtfrey開始在放學之後幫助他的父親。他倆一起還是只能勉強維持產量。最後,開始口耳相傳在Billund有間小木作工坊生產品質最好的木製玩具。
One day, a man drove into town — a man who would change Ole’s future. He was a wholesaler from Frederitia.
有一天,一名男子開車到城裡來–一個將會改變Ole未來的男人。他是從Frederitia來的批發商。
“I’ve heard that you’re making some very nice wooden toys.”
「我聽說你生產非常精美的木製玩具。」
“Well, one does his best.”
「這個嘛,竭盡我所能囉。」
The wholesaler was very impressed with all the wooden toys and placed a big order before he left.
這批發商對所有木製玩具印象非常深刻,並在離開前開出一筆大訂單。
“Now there’s finally someone who can see the opportunities and what we are doing.”
“Look at this. The wholesaler wants to put a lot of our toys into his store for the holidays.”
“It’s going to be a good Christmas this year, but we’ll be busy.”
「現在終於有個人看到這些機會、看到我們在做的事。」
「看這個。那個批發商想在假期期間在他的店裡放上很多我們的玩具。」
「今年的聖誕節會很好過,但我們會很忙。」
Now, there was a lot to do in the little workshop. And Ole could rehire his former workers. Ole only used the highest quality wood, which was hand-picked and very carefully prepared. They worked day and night to get the order finished, so the wholesaler could get the toys out in stores before Christmas.
現在這間小木作工坊有許多事要忙。而且Ole可以重新聘僱他以前的員工。Ole只用最高品質的木頭,這些木頭都是親手挑選的,並經過非常細心的準備。他們日以繼夜地工作以完成訂單,以能讓那位批發商能在聖誕節以前將這些玩具放到店裡。
“Is there something wrong, Dad?”
“I’m afraid that we’re… in big trouble.”
「發生什麼事了嗎?爸爸?」
「恐怕我們…有大麻煩了」
In the middle of their work, Ole received a letter saying that the wholesaler had filed for bankruptcy, and couldn’t buy the toys that he had ordered.
在他們工作進行到一半時,Ole收到一封信,上面寫著那名批發商已申請破產,不能買下他之前訂的玩具。
“But what are you gonna do? What about Christmas? Now we can’t even afford food?”
“I’ll do it.”
“What are you gonna do, Dad?”
“I’ll do it myself. I’ll drive around selling the toys.”
「但你要怎麼做?聖誕節怎麼辦?現在我們甚至買不起食物?」
「我會做。」
「你要怎麼做?爸爸?」
「我自己做。我會開車兜售這些玩具。」
There was no time to lose. Ole packed the car with all the toys and drove off. Ole was a very good toy-maker but was not a very good salesman. He didn’t like praising himself or talking about how carefully the toys have been made, but he had to keep trying if he is going to sell anything.
沒有時間浪費了。Ole將所有玩具裝進車裡,並開車離開。Ole是名很優秀的玩具製造者,但卻不是位優秀的銷售員。他不喜歡吹捧自己,或說這些玩具是如何細心地製作出來的,但如果想賣出任何東西,他就必須要繼續嘗試。
“This is going to be a blast. Is there anything you are interested in?”
“It looks exciting, but I don’t have a lot of money right now. Maybe we could trade in and call it even.”
“Well, I would prefer money, but…”
「這會造成轟動的。有任何你感興趣的東西嗎?」
「這看起來很振奮人心,但我現在沒有很多錢。也許我們能以物易物然後扯平。」
「這個嘛,我比較想收錢,但…」
In the end, he succeeded in selling all the toys. He didn’t receive as much money as he had hoped. But the family managed, and they had plenty of food for Christmas. Time passed by, but the toys didn’t sell as quickly as they had expected. Ole thought perhaps the company needed a good name.
最後,他成功地賣出所有玩具。他收到的錢並沒有他期望中的多。但家計得以維持,他們也有許多食物過聖誕節。時光流逝,但玩具賣得並不如預期般的快。Ole想,也許公司需要一個好名字。
“What should it be? It has to be a short word. I wanted to convey ‘playing well’.”
「應該叫什麼?它必須要是個簡短的字。我想要傳達『好好地玩』。」
In Danish, “playing well” is called “LEG GODT”.
丹麥文中「好好地玩」叫做「LEG GODT」。
“What should it be? What should it be? Yeah… If only I could get some sort of a sign…”
“LEGO.”
「要叫什麼?要叫什麼呢?對啊…如果我能有個像招牌的東西的話…」
「LEGO(樂高)」
As you can see, Ole himself ended up finding a very suitable name. But what he didn’t know was that in Latin, the word “LEGO” means “I put together”. The name “LEGO” was well received. And the company slowly started to move forward.
你可以看到,Ole最後幫自己找了個非常適合的名字。但他不知道的是,在拉丁文中,「LEGO」這個字的意思是「我組在一起」。「樂高」這個名字的接受度很高。而且公司開始慢慢地向前進。
“We have made 3,000 Krones this year. And we have more orders than usual.”
“Did you say 3,000 Krones? Huh, then you need to see what I’ve been looking at.”
“We have made 3,000 Krones this year. And we have more orders than usual.”
“Did you say 3,000 Krones? Huh, then you need to see what I’ve been looking at.”
「我們今年賺了3,000克朗(丹麥、挪威貨幣單位)。而且我們接到比平常更多的訂單。」
「你是說3,000克朗嗎?哈,那你應該要看看我已經看了好一陣子的東西。」
Even though Godtfred wasn’t comfortable spending money on a milling machine, he could see that it was useful, and that the quality of the toys improved.
即便Godtfred對於花錢買刻磨機感到很不舒服,他還是知道那很有用,而且也改善了玩具的品質。
“Could you finish the last batch and get it ready for shipping?”
“I will.”
“Dad…. dad, I saved a lot of money for the company today.”
“Really!? How?”
“I figured we could save money in the lacquer. Just like only coated the ducks twice instead of three times.”
“You What?”
「你可以完成最後一批並準備好裝運嗎?」
「我會的。」
「爸…爸,我今天為公司省下了很多錢。」
「真的嗎?怎麼做的?」
「我想到我們可以省下亮光漆的錢。像是在鴨子上只塗上兩層,而不是三層。」
「你做了什麼?」
Unfortunately, Godtfred’s idea didn’t go over well with Ole. Ole made Godtfred unpack all the ducks himself, give them the last layer of lacquer and bring them back to the train station. Ole believed in high quality and not cheating his customers. When Godtfred returned, Ole explained that that wasn’t the way to create a good brand. This little lesson opened Godtfred’s eyes to the fact that every detail matters and only the best is good enough.
不幸的是,Godtfred的主意並沒有過Ole那關。Ole要Godtfred自己從箱子取出那些鴨子,塗上最後一層亮光漆,並將它們運回火車站。Ole相信高品質,以及不能欺騙他的顧客們。當Godtfred回去時,Ole解釋那不是個創造好品牌的方式。這小小的一課打開了Godtfred的眼界,讓他知道每個細節都很重要,而且只有做到最好才算夠好。
In the late 1930s, LEGO was making a profit, even when The Second World War broke out. They tried to make the best out of a difficult time. It seemed nothing could go wrong. But a stormy night in 1942 changed their luck.
在1930年代後期,樂高開始賺錢,甚至第二次世界大戰爆發時也有盈利。他們試著充分利用這艱鉅的時期。似乎沒有任何事可以出錯。但1942年一個暴風雨的夜晚改變了他們的命運。
“There’s a fire. The workshop is on fire.”
「發生火災了。木作工坊起火了。」
But when the firemen arrived, they were unable to save the workshop. It burned to the ground, and all the drawings and models were destroyed. Ole was beginning to lose hope. All that he had worked for was gone, and he almost lost his company. But being responsible for his children and workers inspired him to rebuild LEGO. A new factory was constructed. Soon the production of wooden toy started again. The little company fought its way back into the market. Gradually, the LEGO factory began to run smoothly, and Ole started looking for new challenges.
但當消防隊員抵達時,他們已經無法救回木作工坊了。它被燒毀夷為平地,所有的草圖和模型也都被破壞殆盡。Ole開始失去希望。他所有的心血都沒了,他還差點失去他的公司。但對他的孩子和員工負起責任這件事,鼓勵了他重建樂高。他建了一座新的工廠。很快地再次開始木製玩具的生產。這間小公司奮力找到重回市場的路。漸漸地樂高工廠開始順利地營運,而Ole開始尋找新的挑戰。
One day, he went to Copenhagen to look at a new machine that had just arrived in Denmark. It was a plastic molding machine, and Ole was very excited about it.
有一天,他到哥本哈根去看一台剛送到丹麥的新機器。那是台塑膠成型機,Ole對此感到非常興奮。
“Should we buy it? It sure is a good bargain, and it would give us a lot of opportunities.”
“Well, it does sound interesting, but it is a lot of money.”
“I’ll take that as a ‘yes’.”
「我們應該買嗎?它確實很划算,而且會帶給我們很多機會。」
「這個嘛,聽起來很有趣,但這是很大一筆錢。」
「我就當你答應了。」
When the plastic molding machine finally arrived, Ole started making little plastic Teddy Bears and rattles. But he still had the plastic brick that he had received at the fair. There was something about them that he couldn’t stop thinking about. And even though no one else could see the potential in them, Ole decided to redesign and put them into production. But it was when LEGO first launched the great Ferguson Tractor that the plastic toys became a success. Unfortunately, the sales were dropping during the summer, and the company had too many toys in stock.
當塑膠成型機終於送達時,Ole開始製作小塑膠泰迪熊和波浪鼓。但他仍留著他在商展上拿到的塑膠積木。他就是無法停止思考有關這些塑膠積木的可能性。即使沒有人能在它們之中看到潛力,Ole還是決定要重新設計並生產它們。但直到樂高首次推出大Ferguson拖拉機的時候,塑膠玩具才取得成功。不幸的是,銷售量在夏天時開始下跌,而公司有太多的玩具庫存。
“This can’t be right. Of course, our products can be sold the whole year, not only for Christmas.”
「事情不該是這樣。當然,我們的產品全年都可以銷售,不只有在聖誕節時才能賣。」
Godtfred decided that he would go out and sell the toys himself. Godtfred brought his wife Edith as company and moral support.
Godtfred決定他要自己出去賣這些玩具。Godtfred帶著他的妻子Edith作伴以及精神支持。
“If you can’t get cash then… hmm… We need butter and eggs.”
「如果你不能換到現金那麼…嗯…我們需要奶油和雞蛋。」
Well, it wasn’t that bad. Godtfred was a success in his trip around the country which helped LEGO to get out of its financial crisis. They reached home just in time for Ole’s birthday party. Ole turned 60 and the whole family was gathered to celebrate with him.
這個嘛,事情沒那麼糟。Godtfred環遊全國的兜售行程很成功,這幫助樂高度過財政危機。他們到家時正好趕上Ole的生日派對。Ole 60歲了,全家都聚在一起為他慶祝。
“Well, I guess it was a long trip around the country.”
“Hey, I got an idea. Ugh, listen! Listen! What about a picture with the three generations?”
「嗯,我猜這趟環遊全國的旅程很漫長。」
「嘿,我有個想法。喂,聽好!聽好!拍張三代同堂的照片如何?」
Everyone thought that was a good idea, and we were placed on the sofa with all the presents and flowers around us. On a business trip to England, Godtfred met the head of a big shopping center on his way home. They discussed the toy industry, and the conversation would be very important to the future of LEGO.
每個人都覺得那是個好主意,我們坐在沙發上,四周都是禮物和花。在英國出差的時候,Godtfred在回家路上認識了一個大型購物中心的領導人。他們討論了玩具產業,那段對話對於樂高的未來會是非常重要。
“Damn this industry! I just think that toys are no good nowadays.”
“What do you mean? I think they are working very well.”
“Oh, they work fine, sure! But there’s no system in anything.”
“System?”
“System? Hmm, there isn’t any system…”
“What in the world are you doing, Godtfred?”
“There isn’t any system. The toys need an idea and a system built around it.”
“I wanna put system in the play. Children have only been offered ready-made solutions.”
“They need something different that will strengthen their imagination and creativity.”
“So, you are trying to put LEGO into a system? Interesting.”
「該死的產業!我就是覺得現在的玩具都不好。」
「你是什麼意思?我覺得他們運作得很好呀。」
「喔,他們運作的還可以。當然啦!但沒有任何東西是有系統的。」
「系統?」
「系統?嗯,沒有任何系統…」
「Godtfred,你究竟在做什麼?」
「沒有任何系統。這些玩具需要有一個概念,並要建立一個環繞的系統。」
「我想要在遊戲中放進系統。孩子們一直以來都只接受現成的解決方式。」
「他們需要一些不同的東西來增強他們的想像力及創造力。」
「所以,你要將樂高系統化?這有趣了。」
That same year, LEGO started producing the first LEGO system of play. Children could now build houses from the LEGO bricks. The Town Plan gave play a realistic town setting, and with this, children learned about traffic safety. My sisters and I could play with the new LEGO system for hours. Some people said we were the luckiest children in the world, because we grew up in a toy factory. It was a huge breakthrough, and Godtfred decided to try selling it outside of Denmark. The system of play was so popular that they managed to sell it to many countries.
同一年,樂高開始生產第一個樂高系統遊戲。孩子們現在可以用樂高積木蓋房子。「城鎮計畫」讓遊戲有真實的城鎮背景設定,孩子可以從中學到有關交通安全的事。我和姊妹們可以玩新的樂高系統玩好幾個小時。有些人說我們是世界上最幸運的孩子,因為我們在一個玩具工廠裡長大。那是個很大的突破,而Godtfred決定要試著在丹麥以外的地方銷售。這種系統遊戲非常受歡迎,使得他們能在許多國家販售。
“Look what I just built!”
“That is really nice, Cal.”
「看我剛剛蓋了什麼!」
「這真的很棒,Cal。」
Even though LEGO was meant for only building houses, there was still a lot of opportunity. There was just one problem.
雖然樂高只供蓋房子用,仍然有許多可能性。只有一個問題。
“Hmm, I can’t lift it up. It keeps falling apart.”
「噢,我不能把它拿起來。它一直垮掉。」
That made Godtfred wonder. He wanted to find a way to make the LEGO bricks stick together, but that was easier said than done. Godtfred noticed that the LEGO bricks got a better clutch powers with tubes inside. Now, it was no longer just bricks but a whole construction system with endless possibilities. This was groundbreaking for the LEGO product. With a child’s imagination, LEGO could be anything in the world over and over again. The imagination is the limit.
這讓Godtfred感到好奇。他想找出方法讓樂高積木能卡在一起,但說的比做的容易。Godtfred注意到樂高積木在內裡有管狀結構時能有更強的抓力。現在,這不只是積木而已,更是一個有無限可能性的整個建築系統。這為樂高產品的新紀元奠基。有了孩子的想像力,樂高可以一次又一次地做出世界上任何東西。想像力就是極限。
“Look, Dad! Now, I can build everything.”
「看,爸!現在,我可以蓋出所有東西。」
Unfortunately, Ole never got to see how successful the little brick actually became. Godtfred was left on his own, and he had to go through another fire at LEGO that destroyed most of the wood production. Just like his father, Godtfred knew that he had to try to get the best out of any situation and never give up. Godtfred took the hard times with his head held high. As sales grew, the company also got bigger. He had to think ahead, and he decided not to resume the production of wooden toys and to only focus on the LEGO system. It turned out to be a great decision. Many new models were built, and LEGO got stronger in the toy industry.
不幸的是,Ole再也看不到這些小積木竟然變得多麼的成功。Godtfred只剩自己了,而且他必須要走過另外一場燒毀樂高大部分木製產品的大火。但就像他的父親,Godtfred知道他必須要嘗試充分利用任何情況,並永不放棄。Godtfred抬頭挺胸的度過這困難的日子。隨著銷售成長,公司也日益壯大。他必須要預作打算,而他決定不再製造木製玩具,只專注在樂高系統。結果這是個重要的決定。許多新的模型被建造出來,樂高在玩具產業越加壯大。
“Sir, which one of these do you think is the best?”
“Hmm… Errr… that one!”
「先生,你認為哪一個最好?」
「嗯…嗯…那個!」
Even though it got busier at LEGO, Godtfred still had bigger plans. Now, he wanted to build an airport. So, it would be easier to sell his toys to the whole world. Like father, like son. It didn’t take long to put his idea into action. Only three years later, Billund airport was opened. The many guests and business connections who visited the company always wanted to see the modeling department. Gradually, it got so crowded that it was hard for the employees to keep up their work.
即使樂高變得更忙了,Godtfred仍有更偉大的計畫。現在,他想要建一座機場。這樣就能更容易向全世界銷售他的玩具。有其父必有其子。要將他的想法付諸行動並不用花太長時間。短短三年後,Billund機場開張了。許多曾到訪公司的賓客及商務往來的客戶總是想要看模型樣品部門。漸漸地,公司變得太擁擠,使得員工很難繼續他們的工作。
“I think we’d better wait a while.”
「我認為我們最好等一下。」
Godtfred could see that something had to be done. He needed a bigger place to display the LEGO models.
Godtfred發現還有些待辦事項。他需要更大的場地來展示樂高模型。
“Err, I don’t wanna interrupt. So, I’ll just put this package of our new LEGO train, err… on the table.”
“Just put it there. Train?”
「阿,我不是想打斷你。所以,我只要把這盒新的樂高火車放到,啊…桌上?」
「就放在那裡。火車?」
The idea grew quickly from an exhibition room to an amusement park.
這個點子很快地就從一間展覽室發展成一座主題樂園。
“And then, we could have a tower so you could look over the whole park from above — the whole town.”
“It would be a land made out of LEGO — LEGO Land.”
“Well, it looks interesting. But how many visitors are you actually counting on?”
“Well, I guess… uhmmm… two hundred, three hundred thousand?”
“Three hundred thousand?”
「然後,我們可以蓋座塔,這樣你從上面就能俯瞰整座遊樂園–整個城鎮。」
「這會是個用樂高做出的樂土–樂高世界。」
「嗯,這看起來很有趣。但你究竟期望有多少遊客?」
「這個嘛,我猜…嗯…二十,三十萬?」
「三十萬?」
Even though it sounded like a lot, my dad was actually pretty far off the mark. There were six hundred thousand guests the very first year. My family and I were there to greet the guests. We’ve kept up this tradition ever since. Now, you know how it all began. LEGO wouldn’t be what it is today if it hadn’t been for my grandfather’s sense of quality and search for perfection. My father firmly believed in the endless possibilities of the LEGO system. I seek to take the LEGO idea even further. Encouraging children to explore, experience and express their own world — a world without limits. And we are still convinced that only the best is good enough, because children deserve the best.
雖然這聽起來好像很多,我的父親確實離這個目標很遠。在開始的第一年就有六十萬名遊客。我和家人都到場招呼遊客。自此之後我們一直維持這個傳統。現在,你知道這一切是如何開始的。如果沒有我的祖父對品質的意識以及對完美的追求,樂高不會有今天的成就。我父親深深地相信樂高系統中無限的可能性。我尋求更進一步地推動樂高理念。鼓勵孩子探索、體驗及表達他們自己的世界–一個沒有限制的世界。而我們仍然相信只有最好才算夠好,因為孩子們應該得到最好的。