關於 peak time 前六 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

#更多精美圖片請點留言處文章連結

全世界兒童與青少年，普遍面臨肥胖的威脅 ; 要處理肥胖問題，除了注重飲食，還需要運動介入。該如何替兒童及青少年規劃運動呢？我們可以參考運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD)。

肥胖流行病學

根據世界衛生組織 (WHO) 和倫敦帝國學院 (Imperial College London) 的研究，過去 40 年來，肥胖兒童與青少年 (5~19 歲) 的人口數，成長了至少 10 倍以上 ; 根據這項統計，未來將會有更多兒童與青少年，迫切需要專業團隊介入，來減緩肥胖人口增長趨勢。

在台灣，根據國民健康署統計，台灣成年人過重及肥胖盛行率 43% (男性 48.9%、女性38.3%) ; 國中生過重及肥胖比率為 29.8% (男生 34.3%、女生 25.0%) ; 國小學童過重及肥胖比率為 30.4% (男童為 34.2%、女童為26.2%)。

『肥胖』，又是第 2 型糖尿病的危險因子。根據統計，台灣學童新診斷糖尿病，54% 是第 2 型糖尿病 (發生率約為10萬分之6.5, 1992-1999)，高峰期落在青春期 13-15 歲，肥胖是主要危險因素。

指引建議

美國疾病管制與預防中心 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC) 針對兒童與青少年肥胖問題，提出以下建議：

1⃣️健康的飲食習慣 (Develop healthy eating habits)
2⃣️限制高卡路里食物 (Limit calorie-rich temptations)
3⃣️保持活動 (Help children stay active)
4⃣️減少久坐 (Reduce sedentary time)
5⃣️充足睡眠 (Ensure adequate sleep)

其中，保持活動 (Help children stay active)，除了可以培養孩子對於運動的興趣，還能帶來以下好處：

1⃣️體重管理 (Helping with weight management)
2⃣️強化骨骼 (Strengthening bones)
3⃣️降低血壓 (Decreasing blood pressure)
4⃣️減輕壓力和焦慮 (Reducing stress and anxiety)
5⃣️增加自信 (Increasing self-esteem)

世界衛生組織 (WHO) 與美國疾病管制與預防中心 (CDC) 皆建議：3 至 5 歲兒童，一整天都要保持活躍。 6 至 17 歲的兒童和青少年，每天至少 60 分鐘身體活動。

兒童與青少年正處於發育階段，運動訓練主要著重在三個面向：有氧運動 (Aerobic Activity)、肌力訓練 (Muscle-Strengthening)、骨骼強化訓練 (Bone-Strengthening)，以有氧運動為最大占比。

運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD)

理想的運動養成應該像正金字塔，先培養紮實的基礎運動
 (有趣, FUNdamentals)，接著往上訓練爆發力、速度
、敏捷，最後專注專項運動技能。

在運動領域，台灣的家庭、學校、社會觀念與歐美迥異，台灣小孩的運動養成，似乎是顛倒狀態... 台灣小孩普遍沒有紮實的基礎運動
訓練，長大後對運動沒興趣者，比比皆是。

該如何栽培出熱愛運動的小孩，讓他(她)變成大谷翔平呢？我們可以參考『運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD)』。

在青春期以前，我們要先培養運動素養 (Physical Literacy
)，青春期後則以終身運動 (Active
For Life) 為目標。根據年齡，分成六個階段：

1⃣️Active Start：開始運動 (No specific ratios)
2⃣️FUNdamentals：快樂運動 (All activities FUN)
3⃣️Learning to Train：70% 訓練 <-> 30% 競賽
4⃣️Train to Train：60% 訓練 <-> 40% 競賽
5⃣️Train to Compete：40% 訓練 <-> 60% 競賽
6⃣️Train to Win：25% 訓練 <-> 75% 競賽

成長每個階段，運動的『訓練/競賽比例』都不一樣，隨著成長發育，應循序漸進地拉高競賽佔比。

各種訓練最佳時間點

進入青春期的時間點，男、女生不同，生長速度也不一樣，青春期是身高成長最大速度 (peak height velocity, PHV) 的重要階段，此階段是安排『Train to Train』的最佳時刻。

根據男、女生的發育速度，我們可以在正確的時間點，安排適當的菜單。譬如說，在進入青春期之前，我們先安排『柔軟度』、『速度』、『技能』等項目 ; 青春期，則以『耐力』、『速度』為主 ; 青春期後，則安排『力量』相關肌力訓練。

總結

只要有心，人人都可以變成大谷翔平！

在台灣，『萬般皆下品，唯有讀書高』，在歐美，運動卻是不可或缺的生活元素 ; 台灣小孩長大後，為什麼會對運動沒有興趣，其中一個可能原因，就是從小沒有培養對運動的興趣。

參考運動員長期發展模型 (Long Term Athlete Development Model, LTAD)，培養終身運動的習慣，只要有心，人人都可以成就投打二刀流🏆

#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
#coronavirus

America starts to open up—but is it ready?
🇺🇸美國開始解除封城，但，真的準備好了嗎？👀

許多國家的肺炎疫情已逐漸趨緩，因此美國日前陸續宣布解禁，但是這樣子解禁是否言之過早？
進入文章之前，先看看單字～

1. toll「傷亡；損失」：death toll「死亡人數」，而economic toll就是「經濟損失」。
2. staggering「令人咋舌的，驚人的」
3. criterion「標準，準則」：複數型比較特別，是criteria。
4. downward「朝下地」：字尾 -ward有「朝向～、往～」的意思。
5. trajectory「軌跡」：指將物體拋出去之後的軌跡。
6. legally binding「有法律約束力的」：bind當動詞，指「綑綁」，所以binding的意思延伸為「有約束力的」。
7. peak「達到高峰」：peak在這裡當動詞，也可當名詞，指「最高點，高峰」。
8. plateaue「穩定，停滯」：一樣在這裡當動詞。
9. (Only) time will tell.「唯有時間能證明。」：指某件事情的真相只能等真正發生之後才能知道。

--
In the United States, the coronavirus pandemic has resulted in a huge death toll. Over 76,000 deaths have been recorded as of May 8, and the total is expected to reach 100,000 by the end of the month. But the virus has taken a huge economic toll as well. The unemployment rate has risen to a staggering 14.7 percent, the highest since the Great Depression of the 1930s. And then there’s the emotional toll. After months of social distancing, people are lonely, depressed and desperate to see their friends and loved ones.
新冠病毒疫情在美國造成大量死亡。到5月8日為止，死亡人數超過7萬六千名，預計這個月底會攀升到十萬人。這個病毒也引發大量經濟損失；失業率攀升到驚人的14.7百分比，是1930年代經濟大蕭條以來的最高記錄。除此之外，人們的心理創傷也到達頂點。在經過數月的社交隔離，大家因無法跟朋友與親人見面而感到孤單、憂鬱甚至絕望。

Worried that mass unemployment may eventually cause more loss of life than the coronavirus, the federal government has made the decision to begin reopen the economy and let people return to work. The White House hopes that states will only reopen their economies if they meet the following criteria: (A) a “downward trajectory” in new coronavirus cases over a 14-day period; (B) an upward trend in testing and contact tracing. These criteria aren’t legally binding, however, and in many of the states that are opening up, case numbers are still rising.
出於擔心高失業率所導致的死亡人數將多過病毒所直接引發的死亡人數，聯邦政府日前決定重啟經濟，讓民眾返回職場。白宮表示，各州如果能滿足以下標準，就能解除封城：（A）病毒感染案例連續超過14天持續下降。（B）採檢與追蹤感染案例持續上升。不過這些標準不具法律強制效果，而許多陸續放鬆解禁的州，該地的疫情依然攀升中。

In Missouri, for example, where the number of new positive cases is still growing, businesses will be allowed to open again this week, and people will be allowed to attend concerts—as long as people stay at least six feet apart. But is this a wise decision? Although the outbreak has either peaked or plateaued in most of the country, the vast majority of the population hasn’t been infected yet, and has no immunity. Some experts worry that opening up too quickly could lead to a second wave of infections in the fall. The decision of when to open up is a difficult one to make for each state, and only time will tell if their decision was correct.
以密蘇里州為例，新感染人數持續攀升，同時商業活動也將在本週開放，人們將可以參加演唱會，只要人與人之間距離拉開至少6尺。但這是個明智的決定嗎？雖然美國多數地區的疫情已達到高峰或出現平緩，絕大多數人口尚未被感染，因此缺乏免疫力。部分專家擔憂，太早解除封城會導致秋天第二波疫情爆發。決定解除封城的時間是各州政府頭痛的問題，只有時間才能告訴我們這個決定是否正確。

[翻轉視界] 台灣國際勞工協會成員陳秀蓮

All persons, regardless of their nationality, race, legal or other status, are entitled to fundamental human rights and basic labor protections, including migrant workers and their families.

所有人，不論其國籍，種族，法律或其他地位，均享有基本人權和基本的勞動保障，包括移工與其家庭。

★★★★★★★★★★★★

原文及圖片授權來自於Humans of Taipei和TIWA台灣國際勞工協會

我家是做香燭批發的，從小我就穿著四個口袋的圍裙幫忙賣金紙。以前生意很好，每逢過年都有百萬進帳，爸爸常帶我們去各國旅行，日本、韓國、東南亞。中國剛開放觀光，我家也是第一批去玩的。爸媽不太管我們念書，媽媽覺得女生就去學個美容美髮好了。我出社會第一份工作，就是當化妝品牌的櫃姐。後來離職，當了一陣子書店員，因為對台灣有使命感，想為社會做點事，立志成為記者，所以插班考上文化新聞系。

My family was in the candle wholesale business, and since I was little, I would wear an apron with four pockets to sell joss paper with my family. Business was good back then, and we would make millions of NT$ each Lunar New Year. My father would take us everywhere—Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia. When China lifted its travel ban on Taiwan, my family was one of the first groups to go. My parents never cared much about our education, and my mother thought girls ought to work in beauty salons. My first job was a sales clerk at a cosmetics and beauty shop. I left my job later and became a bookstore clerk. Because I felt a calling and wanted to contribute to Taiwanese society, I set my sights on becoming a reporter. I switched majors and was accepted into Chinese Culture University’s Journalism and Communications College.

1. joss paper 金紙
2. lift the ban on travel 解除觀光禁令
3. never care much about 從不太在意
4. beauty salon 美容院
5. sales clerk 櫃姐、售貨員
6. cosmetics shop 美妝店
7. a calling 使命感、強烈願望
8. set your sights on sth 決心；立志*

*https://bit.ly/2zBVu6m

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念到社會學和馬克思，學到階級、勞動這些概念，開始對世界產生疑問；上楊祖珺的文化研究課，她帶我們去關心白米炸彈客楊儒門。以前覺得好人壞人的界線很清楚，會被警察抓的就是壞人，但旁聽開庭發現，楊儒門不像壞人，而且他的很多說詞都沒有被採納，例如他的炸彈即使「引爆」，也只會發熱冒煙；他說和警察約在警局外自首，但檢方認為他沒進派出所、是警方抓到他。社會上對於WTO架構下的農民處境，更是幾乎漠不關心。

When I started studying sociology and Marxism, I learned about concepts such as class struggle and the proletariat, and I began to have doubts about the world. When I took Professor Zujun Yang’s Cultural Studies course, she taught us about the Rice Bomber, Ru-Men Yang. Before, I felt that the line between good and evil was clear. Those captured by the police were all ”bad.” However, when I attended Ru-Men Yang ’s trial, he did not seem like a bad person. Parts of his testimony were inadmissible and ignored. For example, even though his bomb “exploded,” it only emitted smoke. Also, he said that he turned himself in outside the police station. However, the prosecution felt that since he did not enter the station, the police were the ones who caught him. Moreover, at the time, most people were apathetic to the plight of farmers under the WTO framework.

9. sociology 社會學
10. Marxism 馬克思主義
11. class struggle/class warfare 階級鬥爭
12. the bourgeoisie （馬克思主義理論中的）資産階級，資本家階級
13. the proletariat 工人階級；無產階級
14. the distinction between good and evil 善與惡之間的區別
15. testimony（尤指法庭上的）證詞，證言
16. inadmissible （在法庭上）不可接受的，不能採信的
17. emit smoke 散發煙霧
18. prosecution （被）起訴；（被）檢舉；訴訟
19. turn sb in 將（某人）送交警方
20. apathetic（尤指對重要事情）不關心的，無動於衷的
21. the plight of... ...的困境，窘境
22. framework（建築物等的）架構，框架

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後來就到處抗爭。楊儒門的事告一段落，我又回去念書，因為對新聞產業有一定認識，覺得當記者也就那樣，所以跑去念世新社發所。黃德北老師鼓勵我們去社運團體看看，我選擇來台灣國際勞工協會（TIWA）當志工，就從2007年待到現在。

I later protested (Ru-Men Yang’s treatment) everywhere. Ru-Men Yang’s case eventually came to an end, so I returned to my studies. After I got to know the news industry a little better, I felt that I had pretty much learned what being a news reporter was like. So, I wanted to learn something new and began studying at the Graduate Institute for Social Transformation Studies at Shih Hsin University. There, Professor Te-Pei Huang encouraged us to experience social organizations, so I became a volunteer at the Taiwan International Workers' Association. I've been here since 2007.

23. protest (v.) 抗議
24. come to an end 完結，結束
25. return to 回到
26. encourage us to... 鼓勵我們去作某事
27. social organization 社會組織

★★★★★★★★★★★★

從事移工相關工作，才讓我真正看到人的樣貌。剛到TIWA時，我協助一位看護工轉換雇主，她照顧的阿嬤覺得子女不要她了才找外勞照顧，又覺得自己生病，老公一定跟年輕看護工有染，所以阿嬤對她很壞，一直罵她、還把吃剩的骨頭丟進她的碗裡。

Being in this line of work has really opened my eyes to what people are truly like. When I began work at TIWA, I assisted a foreign care worker in transferring to another employer. The grandmother she took care of felt that she was abandoned by her children, so she contracted the worker to care for her. She then thought that her husband cheated on her with the worker, and became quite nasty. She would yell at the worker and once threw leftover bones in her bowl.

28. line of work 行業*
29. open sb’s eyes 使（某人）認清，使（某人）了解
30. foreign care worker 外籍看護
31. transfer to（使）調動；（使）跳槽
32. be abandoned by 被…遺棄

*https://bit.ly/2X0TUmu

★★★★★★★★★★★★

我記得有次在新北市政府開完協調會出來，剛好是耶誕節，耶誕城有尖尖的、像竹筍一樣的耶誕樹，她跟我說「姊姊，可以在這裡跟妳合照嗎？」然後眼淚擦一擦，拍照時又露出開心的笑容。原來，她是要拍給越南的家人看看，她在台灣有台灣人朋友。他們無論在台灣被怎麼糟蹋，在家人面前總會設法表現出混得很好的樣子，逢年過節就寄一箱禮物回家、買玩具給小孩。

I still remember this mediation session in New Taipei City. It was Christmas at the time, and the “Christmasland” in New Taipei City had these Christmas trees shaped like bamboo shoots. The foreign care worker said to me, “Sister, could I take a photo with you here?” She wiped away her tears and did her best to put on a smile for the photo. She wanted to show her family in Vietnam that she was doing well in Taiwan, even though she was mistreated. Every New Year, she would do her best to send back a box of gifts with toys for the children.

33. a mediation (session) 協調會，調解會
34. bamboo shoots 竹筍
35. put on a smile 露出笑容
36. do well 過得好 ; 做得好
37. be mistreated 虐待

★★★★★★★★★★★★

另一個我不太能接受的事情是，好像移工沒有被虐待，就不值得被關心。台灣人傾向從溫情或人權的角度，而不是從勞動者的角度去看移工。

Another thing I cannot accept is that no one cares about foreign workers unless there is news of their maltreatment. The Taiwanese people need to consider them as legitimate workers and not only care about them when there is a human rights violation.

38. cannot accept 無法接受
39. maltreatment 被虐待
40. legitimate 合法的，正當的，法律允許的
41. human rights violation 人權侵害

★★★★★★★★★★★★

六年多前我爸過世，我哥接手後力求創新轉型，改走精緻路線，例如設計防小人金、寵物金紙，算是重新撐起家裡的事業。最近七月半是旺季，我還是得回家幫忙手工包裝還有折蓮花。人跟好兄弟都能共存了，活人的世界有些標籤和界線，想想實在滿荒謬就是了。

Six years ago, my father passed away. My brother took over and tried to reinvigorate and transform the family business. He designed specialized joss paper to ward off backstabbers and even joss paper for dead pets. July is the peak season for the business, so I went back home to help out. I hand packed the products and folded paper lotus flowers for the dead. It's funny that we can get along with the dead, but we still attach labels to the living and draw lines between us. It’s quite ridiculous when you think about it.

42. pass away 過世
43. ward sb/sth off 避開；阻止；擋住
44. a backstabber 背後插刀者；背後講壞話的人
45. peak season 旺季
46. fold paper lotus flower 折紙蓮花
47. attach a label to someone 對(人)貼標籤
48. draw a line (between something) 畫界線*

*https://bit.ly/2Z8f5G6

★★★★★★★★★★★★

故事網站連結:
https://storystudio.tw/gushi/chen-siou-lian-interview/

資訊與照片出處:
http://bitly.ws/8qVR

Visit Humans of Taipei for more stories!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

如何增進同理心: https://bit.ly/34qSKnC

#ChangingPerspectives
#翻轉視界