【疾病知多D】女友發脾氣會不會是……?
面對女友無理取鬧,男友或許可能會不知所措。
不過其實女友未必真的無緣無故無「理」取鬧。
噯!別誤會!藥罐子倒是不知道誰對誰錯,只是想說其中一個理由可能是……
經前症候群(Premenstrual Syndrome, PMS)。
所謂「經前症候群」,主要是指女生在月經來潮前14天內所浮現的一些生理、心理症狀,例如頭痛、疲勞、體液瀦留(Fluid Retention)、水腫、乳房壓痛(Breast Tenderness)、易怒、焦慮、抑鬱,從而開始放負,一般會隨著月經來潮而逐漸消失。
實際上,經前症候群非常普遍。根據一些參考資料,平均大約75%的育齡女性便曾經經歷過經前症候群的症狀。[1]
說到經前症候群,一般建議調整生活習慣,有助紓緩經前症候群的症狀:[1][2]
第一,減少鈉質的攝取量,簡單說,便是「少鹹」,因為「鈉跟著水走」,所以鈉少水少,從而能夠紓緩體液瀦留、水腫的症狀。
第二,多做運動,因為這可能會增加內啡肽(Endorphin)的水平並產生跑者的愉悅感(Runner's High),從而可能會提升正能量,擊退負能量。
除此之外,一般還可以服用一些維生素紓緩經前症候群的症狀。
例如維生素B6。
維生素B6是人體的其中一種輔酶,主要負責生產血清素(Serotonin)的最後一個步驟。至於血清素是一種神經傳遞介質(Neurotransmitter),主要負責協調人體的情緒。
過往一些假設認為人體缺乏維生素B6可能會誘發經前症候群的抑鬱症狀。
一項元分析(Meta Analysis)指出每天服用100mg維生素B6或許可能會紓緩經前症候群的症狀。[3]
在副作用上,每天服用高劑量(>2000mg)的維生素B6可能會損害神經,從而可能會誘發周邊神經病變(Peripheral Neuropathy)。
不過就算只是200mg的維生素B6,同樣可能會誘發神經病變。[4]
最後……除了經前症候群之外,還有經前不悅症(Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, PMDD)。
「經前不悅症」其實可以說是經前症候群的進化版,情況一般會較嚴重,往往足以對患者的工作、社交構成負面的影響。
根據一些參考資料,平均大約3至8%的育齡女性便曾經患上經前不悅症。[1]
在用藥上,選擇性血清素再回收抑制劑(Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors, SSRI)一般是首選[1],例如Citalopram、Escitalopram、Fluoxetine、Paroxetine、Sertraline。
不過除了選擇性血清素再回收抑制劑之外,其實還有三環類抗抑鬱藥(Tricyclic Antidepressant, TCA),例如Clomipramine。
不過相較而言,三環類抗抑鬱藥的副作用一般較多,所以一般只會視為次選。
嗱!嗱!嗱!話雖如此,不過藥罐子倒是不建議女生動輒拿「經前症候群」、「經前不悅症」做發脾氣的擋箭牌。
(如欲了解更多用藥資訊,歡迎看看「小小藥罐子」網誌。)
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Reference:
1. Steiner M, Pearlstein T, Cohen LS, et al. Expert guidelines for the treatment of severe PMS, PMDD, and comorbidities: The role of SSRIs. J Womens Health. 2006;15:57-69.
2. Grady-Weliky TA. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:433-438.
3. Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Jones PW, et al. Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. BMJ. 1999;318:1375-1381.
4. British National Formulary. BMJ Group and RPS Publishing. 56th ed. 2008:531.
premenstrual syndrome treatment 在 CheckCheckCin Facebook 的最讚貼文
【女生必讀】每月總有身材好的幾天
⭐運動時宜穿運動內衣
⭐記得定期檢查乳房
#星期一踢走BlueMonday
乳房發脹屬驚或喜?
女性總有「身材變好」的時候,不論是青春期因乳房因發育而脹大,又或是經前、懷孕及產後的乳房發脹,胸部變大都象徵了女性因不同的生理時期身體出現的變化,但有時候卻會伴隨脹痛,令人囉囉攣,恐怕是與乳房有關的疾病。
踏入青春期,乳房組織開始擴張,有可能出現乳房敏感甚至疼痛,不過疼痛一般很快會消失,這時候就不要害羞,需要佩戴合適的胸圍保護乳房!
月經前乳房脹是不少女性常遇到的問題,有時更會變石頭胸和脹痛,其實這都是「經前綜合症」的一種常見症狀,由於經前體內雌激素水平增高,乳腺增生而造成疼痛,尤其情緒壓力大,即肝、脾、腎失調的女生,如有肝氣鬱結的,經前特別容易出現乳房脹痛,更伴隨唉聲嘆氣、大便先成形後稀爛、情緒鬱悶等症狀,不妨在經前適量飲用玫瑰花、茉莉花茶疏肝解鬱。
懷孕時及產後就必會有出現乳房脹,因為孕期時乳腺會增大以開始準備餵哺母乳,有可能因而產生疼痛;而產後開始製造母乳,遇上母乳瘀積就會令乳房脹痛,甚至出現硬結或發燒等發炎症狀,宜就醫治理。
如果屬於上述的乳房脹或脹痛,而沒有伴隨紅、腫、熱、硬塊或淋巴結腫脹問題,就不必過份擔憂,可以熱敷或冷敷紓緩症狀。如果症狀持續或惡化,宜諮詢醫生治理。
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Breast swelling – good or bad surprise?
Women will often experience a period when they are satisfied with their body shape - be it during puberty, when breasts begin to develop; or before menstruation, during pregnancy and the postpartum period, when the enlargement of the breasts is apparent.
The development of breasts represents changes to the body at different biological levels, but may at times come with pain and discomfort, which might be related to some diseases.
During puberty, breast tissues will begin to expand; sensitive individuals might feel the pain but it will normally go away quickly. If need be, wear suitable bra to support the breasts, don’t be shy!
Many women will experience swelling on the breasts before menstruation, sometimes they might be hard as rock and painful. These are symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. The increased level of estrogen before menstruation will stimulate the mammary glands which causes the pain. The effect is especially apparent when individuals experience emotional stress (as a result of liver, spleen and kidney disorders). Other accompanying symptoms are constant sighing, loose stools, and feeling depressed. Before menstruation begins, try drinking some rose tea or jasmine tea to soothe the liver and relieve stress.
During pregnancy and the postpartum period, breast swelling is also a common sight. This is because the mammary glands are actively distended to prepare for breast feeding; once the baby is delivered, the breast milk produced will sometimes be trapped in the glands and cause swelling. Hard lumps might form, fever might develop, and inflammation might occur. If these happen, consult a doctor and seek immediate treatment.
If the scenarios of swelling occur, but the breasts do not exhibit redness and swelling on the lymph node, or they are not warm or hard to touch, then you might not need to worry too much. Relieve the pain with warm or cold compress. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor and seek immediate treatment.
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#女 #我狀態OK #我有壓力 #經期 #孕婦 #坐月
premenstrual syndrome treatment 在 CheckCheckCin Facebook 的最佳解答
【認識生理期】明明友誼小姐都一秒暴躁?
⭐都是經前賀爾蒙波動惹的禍
⭐這就知道好朋友又要來了
#星期一踢走BlueMonday
擺脫經前PMS
會否留意到身邊女友人或親人甚至自己每個月都會有一星期看什麼都特別不順眼,感覺諸事不順?先別擔心,這未必是「發神經」或「人格分裂」!有聽過PMS嗎?PMS=Premenstrual syndrome 經前綜合症,是指女生月經來潮前出現身體不適以及情志異常的表現,最廣為人知的就是經前女生容易變得暴躁易怒,人特別疲累,亦有不少人會出暗瘡、肚瀉等等,據知已確認的PMS症狀多達200種!
從中醫角度來看,經前不適多源於肝、脾、腎失調,或會因情緒壓力、過勞疲倦等加重症狀,或者受自身體質影響而形成,例如氣血虛弱的女生,月經期間特別容易頭暈、手腳麻痺;而濕熱體質的女生,月經時易出口瘡、暗瘡及水腫。想對症下藥,多留意身體發出的訊號,從飲食生活中調理體質,情況未有改善的話宜諮詢註冊中醫師了解。
PMS常見身體不適症狀:
1. 體重增加
2. 疲倦
3. 頭痛
4. 水腫
5. 出粉刺、暗瘡
6. 乳房脹痛
7. 腰痛
8. 腹脹
9. 肚瀉
10. 便秘
PMS常見情志異常的表現:
1. 情緒不穩
2. 煩躁易怒
3. 焦慮
4. 精神不集中
5. 健忘
6. 緊張
7. 易哭
8. 抑鬱
9. 嗜睡/失眠
10. 暴飲暴食(尤其高糖高脂食物)
如果有經前心情特別煩躁的症狀,建議月經前3-7日飲用疏肝茶或火龍果玫瑰茶,疏肝解鬱。當然如果症狀持續還是建議看中醫較穩妥。
✔推介茶療:疏肝
材料:玫瑰花、桂花、佛手、佛手花
功效:行氣解鬱,紓緩忙碌、經常嘆氣、精神壓力大、月經不適等症狀。
注意:孕婦及月經期間不宜。
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Overcoming premenstrual syndrome
Have you ever noticed your female friends, relatives or even yourself being constantly annoyed by everything around you for a week on a monthly basis? Don’t worry, you are neither going ‘crazy’ nor experiencing ‘personality disorder’.
Have you heard of PMS? PMS stands for premenstrual syndrome, which refers to the psychological and emotional discomfort, and behavioral change before menstruation begins. Some of the more commonly known symptoms are bad temper and fatigue; certain individuals might develop acne and experience diarrhea. As of now, up to 200 symptoms related to PMS have been identified!
From the perspective of Chinese medicine, the problem with premenstrual discomfort originates from the imbalance in the liver, spleen and kidney; emotional stress and fatigue might further aggravate the situation. It could also be due to the person’s body condition. For instance, women with qi and blood deficiency might experience dizziness and limb numbness during period; women with the damp-heat body condition, when going through menstruation, might develop canker sore, acne and experience water retention.
You will need to observe the signals your body sends out, in order to identify the appropriate treatment. Start by observing your diet to improve the body condition. If need be, consult registered and licensed Chinese medicine practitioner.
Some common PMS symptoms:
1. Weight gain
2. Fatigue
3. Headache
4. Water retention
5. whiteheads and acne
6. Breast swelling and pain
7. Waist pain
8. Bloating
9. Diarrhea
10. Constipation
Emotional reaction and behavior change when experiencing PMS
1. Unstable emotions
2. short-tempered
3. Anxious
4. Unable to focus
5. Forgetful
6. Nervous
7. Tends to cry easily
8. Depression
9. Hypersomnia /insomnia
10. Binge eating(especially foods that are high in sugar and fat)
If you seem to be easily irritated on days prior to the beginning of the menstruation cycle, try drinking herbal tea that will soothe the liver, or dragon fruit rose tea, 3 – 7 days before menstruation, to soothe the liver and relieve stress. If symptoms persist, do consult Chinese medicine practitioner for medical advice.
✔Beauty Tea Recommendation:
Stress
Ingredients: Rose, Sweet Osmanthus, Fingered Citron, Fingered Citron Flower
Effects: Promotes qi circulation and relieves stagnation. Suitable for busy lifestyle, frequent sighing, stressfulness and menstrual discomfort
Note:Not suitable for pregnant or menstruating women.
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#女 #我畏冷 #我煩躁 #氣虛 #血虛 #濕熱 #經期 #頭痛 #暗瘡 #腹瀉