看著連日好天氣,山路應該會好走些,也上網做了不少功課,甚至與走過小觀音山的友人討敎路線後,才安心的出發。
一早便在劍潭站搭紅五到陽明山總站,再轉乘108小巴上鞍部停車場,如網上山友寫下的紀 錄,鑽進一旁的小路就開始了小觀音山的起點,原本計畫若走得不順,打算只先探探路走到西峰就折返,之後有機會再來O型縱走。
沒想到此次幸運遇見兩位熟路的天使,讓我們一次就把小觀音山群全部收集了,從登山口、小觀音山西峰、西西峰、北峰、西北 峰、北北峰、主峰再從戰備道路返回原點,一路共花了近7小時才走完,那日我們抓準時間在太陽下山前就走回登山口搭車。
許多人說台北抹茶山比宜蘭的抹茶山難度更高,對於新手來說很硬,親身體驗後認為何止硬,著實是體力腿力耐力的多重考驗,眾多陡上陡下的地形, 戴上好攀爬的手套是必備,當然充足的水與能量補給更是必須,還有一定要抓好時間比太陽早下山,摸黑可是很危險的。
若是平時極少登山的人想挑戰O型縱走,建議一定要有認識路的山友帶領,一定要至少 3 人以上結伴,有時山上網路不穩也能先下載好離線地圖,縱使小觀音山大部份路徑皆有山友留下的線索路標,但還是很容易在山裡走失。
位於大屯火山群的小觀音山因療癒綠調像抹茶,也有台北抹茶山別稱,然而陡峭蜿蜒的山型並不太好爬,想挑戰一定要先鍛鍊好體力且做足功課,也備好沿路所需,千萬不要只為了拍攝美景就貿然上山。
做好準備上山,你能發現山的美麗,人的溫暖,同時挑戰自己,走完是有無法言喻的幸福感與成就感。2020.11.20
此文節錄自《台北多謝(to-siā)》一書特輯,中英雙語。
購書連結:https://reurl.cc/e9Ravm
/
Before visiting, we kept an eye on the weather forecast a couple of days in advance and also looked online for the trail routes and asked hiking friends for advice.
On the day, we arrived at Jian Tan MRT station early in the morning and took the Red 5 bus to its terminal station at Yangmingshan. From there, we then transferred to the 108 minibus to Anbu which marked the start of the hiking trail up Mt. Xiaoguanyin.
On the way, we were lucky to meet two regular hikers who were familiar with the area and gave us directions on how to get to each of the mountain peaks - the west peak, the beizhuzishan peak, north peak, north-north peak, main peak and then back to the starting point. Overall, the trail took 7 hours to complete and we timed it so that we could catch the bus back to Taipei at the end.
Some say that Xiaoguanyin, also dubbed the “Matcha Mountain of Taipei ” (as it looks like a mountain of matcha green tea powder), is more difficult to ascend han the Matcha Mountain of Yilan. From our experience, we agree - Xiaoguanyin, part of the Tatun Volcano Group, is really a formidable test of strength and endurance as there are many steep inclines and the terrain can be quite rough. Wearing good climbing gloves is also a must, as is carrying water, food and other supplies. If you visit, be sure to time your hike well to descend before the sunset, as otherwise the journeycan be quite perilous.
For beginners who want to take on Xiaoguanyin’s loop walk trail, it‘s recommended that you should be in at least a group of three and led by a guide who knows the path. You should also download the map of the mountain in advance as reception is unreliable on the mountain.
Even though you can usually find signs left by other hikers that show you the correct path, it's still possible for you to get lost on the mountain. Those who want to challenge themselves by climbing the mountain should probably be well prepared and do some training beforehand. Don't be tempted to visit just for some instagrammable photos without making the necessary preparations.
Be well-prepared, discover the beauty of the nature and the warmth of the people you meet, challenge yourself safely. After the journey, what awaits you is full sense of happiness and accomplishment. 2020.11.20
This article is excerpted from the special edition of the book《Taipei, to-siā》, Chinese - English Bilingual Version.
Book link|https://reurl.cc/e9Ravm
.
同時也有17部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過236的網紅Jessica Chong-Jhingoree,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Hello! Thanks for stopping by. I am sure most of you have watched countless sourdough videos available out there, and most are mix by hand tutorials...
「rough guide」的推薦目錄:
- 關於rough guide 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於rough guide 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最佳貼文
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- 關於rough guide 在 Jessica Chong-Jhingoree Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於rough guide 在 ClumsyCynthia 黃可樂 Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於rough guide 在 JSK-koubou Youtube 的最讚貼文
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rough guide 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最佳貼文
📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth
✍️ 田少谷 Shao
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Outline
0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion
0. Intro
The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥
While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.
Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅
Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊
If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏
There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!
1. Uniswap & AMM recap
Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.
Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.
Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:
AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.
In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP
¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity
² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative
³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage
2. Tick
The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.
For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp
By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:
The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.
Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.
Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.
With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯
So, how is the price range of a tick decided?
This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.
The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.
Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.
However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.
This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.
As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.
For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.
p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001
See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?
Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052
But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?
Price range: max & min
To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.
24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:
1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341
1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943
I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌
⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.
How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?
Tick index from price
The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:
Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php
Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.
Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm
Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!
⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.
3. Concentrated liquidity
Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.
Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.
As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!
Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂
Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].
If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.
The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.
However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).
We can observe the following two points from the above example:
Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.
√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.
What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!
Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵
⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.
4. Range orders: reversible limit orders
As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:
current price < the targeted price range
current price > the targeted price range
current price belongs to the targeted price range
The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.
The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).
There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!
In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.
Range orders
To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.
The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.
For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.
With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!
Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).
The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.
The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.
If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.
Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.
What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].
This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.
…wut? 🤔
Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!
What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.
The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.
To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:
Only one token is required for range orders.
Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯
I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.
⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.
Reversible limit orders
As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.
We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].
Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.
The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.
As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:
When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸
When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸
A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!
⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.
5. Impacts of v3
Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:
Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.
The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.
LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏
In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.
After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔
Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!
6. Conclusion
That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂
There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅
If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!
Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟
Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
rough guide 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
❤單身一個人上路|
這次跟”一直不在家的安柏”一起開了房間/ #Clubhouse 聊了關於旅行,真的讓人想起很多美好的回憶,也想起當2006年踏出國門時,對這世界什麼都不知道的自己,奮力的朝著未知前進了,一個小時的時間,講不完這幾年的旅行故事~
目前 打算這幾週的『每週二 晚上10點都來一場-關於旅行」
雖然只是聊聊天,但希望每次開的房間,都可以帶給大家一些想法與建議。結束後 聽友說:「啊~怎麼這麼快結束,這可以講四小時吧!」XD!
稍微整理了一下/也補充漏掉的,TOBY哥&Amber 第一場Ep1 room的重點,讓大家單身旅行不害怕~/一個女生旅行也可以透過這些小提醒避開危險。但其實講了很多小細節,哈哈哈哈有時間大家就上來聽吧!
①入境隨俗的穿著/雖然穿著吸引犯罪,這方向有點評判受害者,但 符合當地風俗的,會是最適當的旅行方式。
②記得把保險/旅平醫療險準備好/這是對自己對家人最好的負責/記得把保險資料複印一份給家人,緊急時可以聯繫與使用。
③出發前請到旅遊門診,疫苗打好打滿/大部分的藥其實都可以在國外買,但 如:抗生素等需要處方籤的或是不用處方簽都可以請醫生幫你備上,畢竟一次門診都看了錢也噴了。
④不管搭什麼交通工作,如果當地治安不太安全,請在天黑前進去車站,也不要天一亮就出來~*搭夜車也不錯會省下一筆住宿費。
⑤有些國家、城市,晚上可以避免「單獨一人走出旅館」/旅人結伴
⑥自己帶個鎖頭/眨眼~妙處多到你想像不到。
⑦善用防盜內袋以及衣服外套/護照可以先影印一份可隨時拿出來,護照正本跟金錢、卡片都收在內袋,請放好,就算大便、洗澡也要一起帶進去。如果預算多一點,可以購入鋼索背包套,
⑧生病也可以自己預防,如高山症預防:吃蒜頭、當然當地的飲食也好有幫著,如古柯茶、紅景天、酥油茶….等。不過,還是備個藥⋯我們都聊到曾經高山症症狀,覺得自己快往生了⋯😑
⑨現在資訊很方便,預算許可可以參加一些當地的Tour。事前也可以透過 kkday或是klook,當然 更好直接尋找當地的。
⑩指南書有的人喜歡Lonely Planet也有喜歡地球步方,哥也推薦可以試試 Rough Guide 。
雖然上方都是老生常談,但 如果還是個新手,這些會是個參考。
不管再怎麼安全的地方,其實旅行都需要帶點警戒心,不用太過頭,但也不要太放鬆~
*打到這發現,阿咧第一播,其實 還有很多沒講~笑倒。光開場聊了關於為何出發,就已忘了分享我的/啊哈啊哈哈~以後如果還有機會聊到~ 不過哈哈買過書的應該都知道為何出發。
😇下週的二3/2日晚上10:00-Ep2 「出發後改變/家人的想法/還有旅費怎麼來」,一樣大約1小時。
🤓還有三個邀請函,一樣留言就抽三個~ 我們房間見。目前IOS限定。 ✅哥的 Clubhouse:@whereistoby
📍照片地點:2010緬甸/我根本當地人了我。
與談人:安柏不在家
rough guide 在 Jessica Chong-Jhingoree Youtube 的最佳解答
Hello!
Thanks for stopping by.
I am sure most of you have watched countless sourdough videos available out there, and most are mix by hand tutorials.
If you find joy in touching your dough and don’t mind the mess, well, good for you ??
But if you prefer a no-fuss and less messy way without compromising the end result, this recipe is for you!
See, I am impatient. I work a mentally demanding full time job, and when I make sourdough, I don’t like to fuss over them.
Normally, I maximise my yield for each batch by making 4-6 (sometimes 8!) loaves of sourdough, because making 1 or 10 loaves to me takes the same amount of preparation and effort.
Anyway, here’s the recipe.
Enjoy!
Ingredients:
300g Bob’s Artisan Bread Flour (or any high protein bread flour, at least 12-13% protein)
65g starter (tripled, use at peak)
233g water (room temperature)
6g Pink Himalayan Salt (or regular salt)
Method:
1. Autolyse 30 minutes
2. Add starter, mix, wait 15 minutes (I sometimes add salt together with starter when I am not in the mood and still get great results)
3. Add salt, mix, wait 15 minutes
4. Transfer to a bulking dish
5. Coil fold x 1
6. Coil fold x 2
7. Coil fold x 3
8. Coil fold x 4 - skip this step if your dough is strong
9. Leave to bulk
10. Total bulk 4 hours at 28C
11. Final shape
12. Cold retard overnight at 3C - make sure your fridge temperature no more than 3C!
13. Preheat oven at 250C, fan mode, for 1 hour
14. Bake at 250C, fan mode, for 35 minutes, lid close
15. And 250C, fan mode, for 5 minutes, lid off
16. Let bread cool completely before cutting, at least 1 hour
—————————————————————————————
#sourdough #opencrumb #sourdoughbread
Notes:
Always begin with a strong and healthy starter.
Make sure your dough has increased 50% in size.
As beginners, I know it is very hard to determine if your dough has finished its bulk fermentation based on the look and feel, due to the lack of experience. I know that feeling very well, because I was once that lost, clueless beginner myself.
After tinkering with sourdough for about a year, I have come up with a rough timing guide for bulk fermentation based on room/kitchen temperature, well, sort of like a cheat sheet, so you can get the hang of sourdough bread making and get good results every time.
Remember, bulk fermentation starts when starter is mixed into the dough.
Hope this helps!
=========================================
23C = 6 1/2 hours
24C = 6 hours
25C = 5 1/2 hours
26C = 5 hours
27C = 4 1/2 hours
28C = 4 hours
29C = 3 1/2 hours
30C = 3 hours
31C = 2 1/2 hours
—————————————————————————————
Instagram:
Personal // https://instagram.com/puterijessica
Soap Making // https://instagram.com/thesoapproject
Sourdough // https://instagram.com/thefoodprojectmy
—————————————————————————————
Purchase Links:
Bob’s Artisan Bread Flour // https://www.amazon.com/Bobs-Red-Mill-Artisan-Ounces/dp/B019IKHF3M
Pink Himalayan Salt // https://www.amazon.com/HQOExpress-Organic-Pink-Himalayan-Salt/dp/B07QQL7VHP/ref=mp_s_a_1_6?dchild=1&keywords=himalayan+pink+salt&qid=1623762046&sr=8-6
Tanita Kitchen Scale // https://www.amazon.com/TANITA-Tonita-digital-cooking-KD-321/dp/B002WBTFDI
Tanita Room Thermometer // https://www.amazon.co.jp/-/en/Tanita-Thermometer-Humidity-Digital-Tabletop/dp/B010CK4Z9Y
Ikea Foljsam Bulking Dish // https://www.amazon.com/IKEA-503-112-69-Följsam-Clear-Glass/dp/B07L4L1YQC/ref=mp_s_a_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=ikea+foljsam&qid=1623762611&sr=8-3
Bread Banneton // https://www.amazon.co.uk/Banneton-Brotform-Rising-Proofing-Proving/dp/B01CCLAPQS
Bread Lame // https://www.amazon.com/UPKOCH-Wooden-Slashing-Plastic-Protective/dp/B081YNTM23/ref=mp_s_a_1_35?dchild=1&keywords=bread+lame&qid=1623930160&sr=8-35
Kuhn Rikon Bread Knife // https://www.amazon.com/Kuhn-Rikon-FBA_23505-Bread-Knife/dp/B009DOAINS
—————————————————————————————
Equipment Used:
Camera // iPhone XS Max
Mic // Shure MV88
Video Editing // InShot Pro
Audio Editing // Cubase Pro 10.5
—————————————————————————————
Music Credits:
Music by frumhere - the broken heart gang - https://thmatc.co/?l=23888EC7
Intro Music:
Music: Intro
Musician: Jeff Kaale
rough guide 在 ClumsyCynthia 黃可樂 Youtube 的精選貼文
好久沒有拍一週工作VLOG了
其實這週發生了蠻多事情的 我的rough clip大概有快三小時xd
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*super sprint:三個月內完成每月30堂課,就可以拿到100%的全額退款
*普通的sprint:三個月內完成每月15堂課,就可以拿回50%的退款
除了英文之外,還可以有Spainish/French/German可以選擇喔
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rough guide 在 JSK-koubou Youtube 的最讚貼文
I attached a DIY line laser to the panel saw.
The line laser was made by myself using a dot laser and a glass tube.
Line lasers are very useful for rough cuts.
Download the plan from here.
https://jisaku-koubou.com/downloads/sawguide02
【Plan List】
https://jsk-koubou.stores.jp/
・Making a 2-in-1 Circular Saw Slide Guide (Easy Panel Saw)
https://youtu.be/M1xYKw5FP-0
・How to make Line laser module
https://youtu.be/a5QKe4fZszY
rough guide 在 Rough Guides - Home - Facebook 的推薦與評價
Rough Guides, London, United Kingdom. 236594 likes · 75 talking about this. Rough Guides has been inspiring travellers with witty, independent,... ... <看更多>
rough guide 在 Rough Guides - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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