#微冷 徘迴在香港澳門的大清幽靈──《大清律例》
眾所周知,末代皇帝溥儀在1912年宣布退位,大清帝國從此走入歷史;可是,大清帝國還是和這個世界藕斷絲連。
鴉片戰爭以後,大清割讓香港給英國,英法聯軍事件後再割九龍半島,甲午戰爭後三國干涉還遼,英國也見機分一杯羹,再租新界。這三次割讓以及租借的領土,合稱英屬香港。一直到1997年,才「回歸」中國,設置了香港特別行政區。
英國在統治香港時,也將英國的法制帶到了香港。在英屬香港時期,香港的法律來源可以分成幾個部分。
英國法律,英國是君主立憲國,君主是國家的代表,也是所有殖民的最高統治者,來自皇室的法律命令,包括英皇敕令(Command paper)、英皇制誥(Letters Pattent)、皇室訓令(Royal Instructions)、樞密院令(Order in Council)等都是,對殖民地香港來說,這些法律命令是最高位階的憲法性法律。
其次是同樣來自英國的法律,由國會立法通過的法律。不過,因為風土民情不同,這些由遠在天邊的英國國內所制定的法律,還要經過一些程序判斷是否適用香港。在不同時期有著不同的程序。
再來,就是英國透過大量判決所形成的普通法(Common Law)以及衡平法(Equity),當大英帝國在全球建立日不落帝國時,也將這樣的法律制度推及到海外的殖民地。
除了這些來自殖民母國的相關法律以外,在1843年4月5日以後,香港獲得一定程度的立法權,得以制訂適用於本地而不牴觸英國法律的條例。除了立法局制定的條例以外,香港歷來的判例也逐漸累積成本地的判例。
重重疊加的法律體系看似完整,難免有照顧不到的地方。如果英國的法律對香港的情況或是居民不適用,而香港立法局也沒有制定適合的條例,那就要引用原有的法律和習慣,對香港來說,所謂「原有的」法律和習慣就是《大清律例》。
大清律例在順治年間,以《大明律》為基礎,再加以修飾。之後再歷經康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝修訂後才逐漸定型。律例是法、律、令、例的合稱。法是國家的基本政策及政府組織規範;律是成文的法律條文;令是行政命令;例則是判例。
需要援引《大清律例》的情況有數種,諸如:抵押、繼承、土地、婚姻、蓄婢等。最具代表性的莫過於婚姻。1875年時香港立法局制定了婚姻條例,然而條文中卻排除了非基督教人士:非基督教人士可以依照雙方的接受的法律禮俗宗教。(This Ordinance shall apply to all marriages celebrated in the Colony except non-Christian customary marriages duly celebrated according to the personal law and religion of the parties)
意即:對於身處香港的非基督教人士,他們可以依照《大清律例》的規範來結婚以及納妾,不會因為英國禁止重婚而受到懲處。人稱賭王的何鴻燊在原配以外的二太太就是因此而有正式的法律地位,擁有遺產的繼承權。大清都已經結束不知道多久了,《大清律例》的部分條文仍然適用於香港。香港華人仍然可以用清朝的法律來結民國的婚。
就這樣,在清退位以後,原先使用的《大清律例》仍然像個幽靈一樣的徘徊在香港上空,揮之不去。
在1970年代前後,港英政府陸續開始重新整編法律來取代過時的法律。各項法律逐漸完備,最後只有婚姻還需要參考《大清律例》。1971年《婚姻制度改革條例》頒訂以後,從此結束了香港需要援引《大清律例》規範的時代,《大清律例》終於完完全全走入歷史,功成身退。不過,在1971年10月7日以前經由《大清律例》所締結的婚姻關係仍然可以享有既有的身分地位,並不會受到影響。
電影《五億探長雷洛傳II之父子情仇》也有觸及這個議題:雷洛本來要娶阿霞做妾,不過因為新婚姻條例上路,而未能如願。
由於找不到上述的這個畫面,因此改用了第一時間想到的「用明朝的劍來斬清朝的官」。
同時也有10部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過40萬的網紅糖餃子Sweet Dumpling,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Hello friends! December is finally here! Today we're going to share with you how to make a cutest mini gingerbread houses, it’s also a mug topper. C...
「royal instructions」的推薦目錄:
- 關於royal instructions 在 每日一冷 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於royal instructions 在 Milton Goh Blog and Sermon Notes Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於royal instructions 在 Keith Foo Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於royal instructions 在 糖餃子Sweet Dumpling Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於royal instructions 在 糖餃子Sweet Dumpling Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於royal instructions 在 糖餃子Sweet Dumpling Youtube 的最佳貼文
royal instructions 在 Milton Goh Blog and Sermon Notes Facebook 的最佳解答
Fresh Grace and Fresh Power
It’s a new year with fresh grace for this season. You can’t rely on last year’s grace and mindset to reign in this year.
What worked for last year is for last year. We have to flow with the Holy Spirit.
Read about Philip in Acts 8. He had a successful ministry in the villages of Samaria. The apostles Peter and John even came to preach and baptize the new believers.
At the apparent peak of the ministry, God told Philip to leave and go to a desert!
“But an angel of the Lord spoke to Philip, saying, “Arise, and go toward the south to the way that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza. This is a desert.”” (Acts 8:26 WEB)
If we use an old mindset to tackle the new year, we will think, “Oh, but my time is more productive here in Samaria because the ministry has been growing fast and I need to be here preaching and teaching. This is no time to travel into a desert.”
However, to be spiritually-minded is to follow God’s instruction, even though it doesn’t make sense at the moment.
After obeying the instruction to go into the desert, Philip ended up preaching the Gospel to an eunuch which served as a royal treasurer for the queen of the Ethiopians.
“He arose and went; and behold, there was a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who was over all her treasure, who had come to Jerusalem to worship. He was returning and sitting in his chariot, and was reading the prophet Isaiah.” (Acts 8:27-28 WEB)
The eunuch was saved and baptized in water, opening a huge door for salvation of souls in the kingdom of Ethiopia. God was able to move greatly there through the joint cooperation with Philip.
Philip’s ministry reached an international audience, and his impact for the Kingdom increased exponentially because he obeyed God’s instruction.
Then, Philip was caught away by the Holy Spirit—like a mini Rapture, and he appeared in Azotus.
“When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord caught Philip away, and the eunuch didn’t see him any more, for he went on his way rejoicing. But Philip was found at Azotus. Passing through, he preached the Good News to all the cities, until he came to Caesarea.” (Acts 8:39-40 WEB)
Philip would have never experienced this miracle if he had stayed in Samaria. God would have used another believer, and that other person would have been honored in the Scriptures, and rewarded by Jesus for the obedience.
This year, if you will harken to the voice of the Holy Spirit and obey His fresh instructions with the fresh grace He gives to you, you will experience His power in your life like never before. You will be effective for the Kingdom in ways that you never dreamed possible.
Look to Jesus and keep receiving new grace from Him—He makes all things new, and you can’t be stuck in past paradigms if you want to keep in step with the Holy Spirit!
Understand God’s system of times and seasons, and learn how to be fruitful in every stage of life: https://www.miltongoh.net/store/p23/gods-appointed-time-milton-goh.html
royal instructions 在 Keith Foo Facebook 的最佳解答
*May the New Year Bring You an Abundance of Prosperity*
To celebrate the year of the rat and make the journey home more joyous this Chinese New Year, we have arranged an array of activities and performances for guests passing through our airports.
Sounds fun right? Check out what we have in store 👇🏻
*COUNT, SHARE & WIN*
_Check out our amazing Koi Fish Centrepiece located at Level 5 Departure Hall. Leave a comment with the total number of Koi Fish you can find within the KL International Airport decoration area and complete your participation with the following the below instructions._
1. Follow @shopMYairports on Instagram or Facebook.
2. Snap a picture of yourself with any of the airport Chinese New Year decorations.
3. Share the picture on your Facebook or Instagram with the hashtag #MAHBCNY2020 #shopMYairports #ShopLAH and your correct answer.
4. Tag 3 friends and include a creative caption.
Lucky winners will get a chance to win a GoPro Hero 7 & Fossil Gen 5 Smart Watch.
_*Contest Ends 9 Feb 2020*_
*REDEEM EXCLUSIVE ANG PAO PACKETS!*
• Spend a minimum of RM288 or RM188 for Union Pay cardholders in a single receipt to redeem one (1) Ang Pao packet. (Applicable at KLIA & klia2)
• Spend a minimum of RM188 in a single receipt to redeem one (1) Ang Pao packet or two (2) packets for Union Pay cardholders. (Available at LIA, PIA, KIA, KKIA)
_*While stocks last*_
*REDEEM LIMITED EDITION PREMIUM ANG PAO PACKETS!*
• Spend a minimum of RM2,888 or RM2,388 for Union Pay cardholders in a single receipt to redeem one (1) Premium Ang Pao packet. (Available at KLIA and klia2)
_*While stocks last*_
*REDEEM LIMITED EDITION ROYAL SELANGOR BESPOKE KOI FISH PEWTER CHARM & HAND PAINTED TIFFIN!*
• Spend a minimum of RM3,888 or RM3,388 for Union Pay cardholders in a single receipt to redeem one (1) Royal Selangor Bespoke Koi Fish Pewter Charm. (Available at KLIA & klia2)
• Spend a minimum of RM5,888 in a single receipt to redeem one (1) Hand Painted Tiffin. (Redeemable on 25 & 26 Jan 2020 at KLIA & klia2)
_*While stocks last*_
*Redemption Ends 9 Feb 2020*
*AN AUSPICIOUS CHINESE NEW YEAR GREETING WITH AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)*
For this festive season, enjoy a special AR Chin
royal instructions 在 糖餃子Sweet Dumpling Youtube 的最佳貼文
Hello friends! December is finally here! Today we're going to share with you how to make a cutest mini gingerbread houses, it’s also a mug topper.
Christmas is coming. It's so much fun to have with your family to create these cutest mini gingerbread houses. Decorating the gingerbread house can be a great party idea, it's more fun than eating. Especially these tiny gingerbread houses mug toppers, they are adorable.
Making gingerbread dough is super easy. In this video, we’ll show you how to make the best gingerbread dough with fresh ginger to create a natural flavor. Using fresh ginger gives it an intense ginger flavor, and it’s easy to get, too. In addition to the dough recipe, we will also share with you how to easily make royal icing. Are you ready to have fun with us? Enjoy.
This is an #ASMR ver, you can check out the other version that with BGM and Voices in Chinese if you like:
https://youtu.be/f4KKEkmKOsI
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How to make Mini Gingerbread House Mug Topper Recipe
Mini Gingerbread House Mug Topper Recipe
🎄 Preparation:
➊ A mini gingerbread house template download link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/16UvJW9EbfkjbUShTVKdqI1HlU194e-7c/view
➋ piping bags and nozzles, or make a parchment bag for piping, 2mm is for sticking, 1.5mm is for decoration
🎄 Yields: Can make 14~16 gingerbread houses
✎ Ingredients
🎄 For the cookies
unsalted butter 125g, softened
brown sugar 90g
molasses 58g
egg 1, at room temperature
all purpose flour 370g
baking soda 5g
salt 2.5g
grated ginger 10g
ground cinnamon 1.5g
nutmeg powder 1g
🎄 For the Royal Icing
vanilla extract 1.5g
powdered sugar 200g, sifted
powdered egg white 7.5g
warm water 25g~30g
✎ Instructions
🎄 For the cookies
1. In a large bowl, add butter, sugar and molasses, beat on mid-low speed, mix well until light and smooth.
2. Add egg and ginger, beat on medium speed until well combined. Scrape down the sides and the bottom of the bowl and beat again if needed to combine.
3. Sift the flour, baking soda, ground cinnamon, nutmeg powder and salt.
4. Fold in all dry ingredients, continue to mix until well blended, the dough should come together.
5. Transfer the dough out onto a work surface and knead until the dough is smooth and combined. Wrap the dough with plastic wrap and place in the fridge for 1 hour to chill.
6. Preheat the oven to 170°C.
7. Lightly flour the work surface and roll the dough to about 3mm thick.
8. Dust the dough lightly with flour to avoid sticking. Place the house pattern pieces on the dough, dip the knife into flour and cut out the pattern pieces from the dough (cut the door, but remove it after baking). You will need TWO of each shape.
9. Bake at 170°C for 10 minutes or until the edges are just beginning to brown. Large pieces will need more time.
10. Once baked, cut the door first, and then remove all cookies on racks to cool completely.
🎄 For the royal icing
1. Sieve the 200g of powdered sugar and 7.5g of powdered egg white in a bowl.
2. Add 1.5g of vanilla extract and 25g of warm water and beat at medium speed for 5 minutes.
3. Fill the Pastry Bag With Royal Icing. You will need at least two piping bags, one is for a thick line to glue the pieces of house together. Another one is a thin line to decorate the house. The royal icing is the best icing to use for gingerbread houses, it'll dry hard and last throughout the holiday season.
🎄 Assembling
1. Start with the front and the back pieces and two sides, then take the side piece and stick them together, do the same with the other side.
2. Grab the back piece and give it a nice firm. Then the base of the house is done. Wait for the icing sets before adding the roof.
3. Sticking the roof pieces in the same way, add lines of icing on all the edges, hold them together and allow the icing to set. It's probably best to let this dry overnight that way all the royal icing is definitely hard before decorating.
4. You can decorate with any pattern you like and custom detail. You can practice how to draw a line or draw a pattern on a board or plate before putting them on your house. But remember, once finished the decorating, please let the icing dry for a couple hours. Have fun.
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Chapters:
00:00 opening
00:32 ingredients
01:28 Making gingerbread dough
04:52 Dividing, rolling and cutting(gingerbread house and gingerbread man)
07:29 Set the oven, let it cool off
08:04 Making Royal icing
09:00 Handmade Piping bag
09:49 Assembling
12:01 Final result
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* Kevin MacLeod創作的「Deck the Halls」是依據 創用 CC (姓名標示) 4.0 授權使用。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
來源: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100263
演出者: http://incompetech.com/
royal instructions 在 糖餃子Sweet Dumpling Youtube 的最讚貼文
嗨!大家好,我是 Cassandre, 今天的『食不相瞞』,我們要跟大家分享一款超萌、大人小孩都會愛不釋手的聖誕小點心:迷你薑餅屋杯緣子。(Mini gingerbread house mug topper/薑餅人)。
不知道是因為聖誕音樂都很好聽,還是聖誕節就是有一種魔力,會讓人心情平靜,自然喜悅。是說根本也沒有過節的習慣,但總是忍不住想買個美美的手作花圈掛在門上,而塵封一年的聖誕專輯又被拿來當作12月工作時的背景音樂,還特別在 Nexflix 找了好幾部聖誕主題的影集跟電影來看,看來人是喜歡節慶的。
今年的聖誕影片我們把它獻給了薑餅屋,而且是超萌超可愛的迷你薑餅屋杯緣子,做過一次就明白為何畫薑餅屋或薑餅人可以成為聚會派對的主題了,因為真的太有趣了,連童心未泯的阿公阿媽都玩得不亦樂乎。做好的薑餅屋杯緣子超級適合搭配熱可可享用,或者小朋友放學回來,給一杯牛奶再附贈一個迷你薑餅屋點心,他們會吃得津津有味。當然,當作家裡的聖誕裝飾或交換禮物也保證讓人會心一笑。
這次的薑餅食譜我們使用了新鮮的薑取代薑粉,很喜歡它自然溫暖的辛香氣,聽說薑有助薑餅屋的保存,單吃餅乾也非常美味。希望大家會喜歡這支影片,一起來玩薑餅屋吧~祝大家聖誕快樂。
這支影片還有無人聲的 #ASMR 版本:
https://youtu.be/lQb1jL-L-tU
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迷你薑餅屋杯緣子怎麼作呢?
下面是這款迷你薑餅屋杯緣子做法與食譜(還有皇室糖霜和自製擠花袋的做法):
🎄 準備工作:
➊ 一個薑餅屋的模型,可以自己設計或下載我們的範本 ⇣ (大門的寬度要大於杯子的厚度)
📌 模型連結:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/16UvJW9EbfkjbUShTVKdqI1HlU194e-7c/view
➋ 最少兩個糖霜擠花袋,擠口 2 mm 為黏著用,擠口 1.5 mm 為畫圖用
🎄 Note:
➊ 用不完的皇室糖霜請用保鮮膜完全服貼於糖霜表面,密封冷藏
➋ 薑餅若有點受潮,可以烤箱預熱100°C, 烘烤5~10 分鐘,把餅乾裡的濕氣除去
🎄 份量:這份麵團搭配模型可以製作 14~16 個可愛超萌的小薑餅屋
✎ 材料 / Ingredients
🎄 薑餅餅乾
無鹽黃油 125g, 軟化
三溫糖 90g, 也可用黑糖或紅糖
糖蜜(molasses) 58g
室溫雞蛋 1顆
中筋麵粉 370g
小蘇打 5g (約1茶匙)
鹽 2.5g (約1/2茶匙)
生薑泥 10g
肉桂粉 1.5g
肉豆蔻粉 1g
🎄 皇室糖霜 (royal icing)
香草精 1.5g
純糖粉 200g, 過篩無結塊
蛋白粉 7.5g
溫開水 25g~30g
✎ 做法 / Instructions
🎄 薑餅餅乾
1. 料理盆裡加入軟化奶油、糖與糖蜜,以中速攪段至泛白膨鬆
2. 加入打散的雞蛋與生薑泥,以中速攪打到所有材料混合均勻、完全乳化
3. 將麵粉、小蘇打、肉桂粉、肉豆蔻粉與鹽過篩
4. 拌入過篩後的乾粉,充份拌勻到完全結團並看不見乾粉
5. 將麵團移到揉麵板上,稍微揉壓讓它形成表面光滑的麵團,然後用保鮮膜包裏住,送進冰箱冰一個小時
6. 烤箱預熱 170°C
7. 將冰過的麵團放在案板上,切出要使用的份量,其餘還用不到的再用包鮮膜包好拿去冷藏。在揉麵板上撒一點點麵粉,將麵團擀成 3 mm 的厚度
8. 在麵皮上撒點薄粉防止沾黏,把房子的模型放上去,切割用的刀子也沾點粉防沾,每片模型都要切兩份,請注意,大門切好後先不要移除,烤好後再切,這樣大門較不會變形
9. 烘烤10分鐘,或直到餅乾變硬且完全上色,不同的烤箱烘烤時間可能不同,尺寸大的薑餅屋烘烤時間也會增加
10. 出爐後,趁餅乾還軟的時候將大門移除,然後置於冷卻架上完全放涼
🎄 皇室糖霜
1. 將 200g 的純糖粉、7.5g 的蛋白粉篩入打發盆裡
2. 再加入1.5g 的香草精與 25g 的溫開水,以中速攪打 5 分鐘,打到軟性接近硬性的程度。25g 的水量差不多可以打出適合畫線跟黏著用的稠度,但空氣中的乾濕度可能會影響,若覺得糖霜太乾,可以再加幾滴水,太濕則加糖粉來調整
3. 把糖霜填入擠花袋裡,如果家裡沒有適合的細花嘴,那可以像影片裡教的用烘焙紙自製擠花袋,這次會用到兩個擠花袋,擠口剪成直徑 2mm 適合黏合用,1.5mm則適合用來畫線、畫裝飾。
🎄 組合
1. 薑餅屋要先從前後門以及兩側開始做,在前門的背後靠近兩邊畫兩條糖霜,然後立起來,並分別黏上左右側邊
2. 接著再黏上後門那片薑餅,薑餅屋的基本結構就完成了,在黏上屋頂前,先靜置最少15分鐘,讓房子略為穩固
3. 動作輕巧的黏上屋頂,黏好後建議放置過夜讓糖霜完全乾燥變硬後,隔天再來畫裝飾
4. 可以用糖霜甚至是加了色素的糖霜來裝飾薑餅屋,要華麗、要簡單都請隨意,這就是製作薑餅屋最大的樂趣,畫好後請最少靜置一個小時,靜置時間愈久,糖霜會愈硬愈穩固,請留意『不同地區的濕度不同,乾燥時間也會不同』哦
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影片章節:
00:00 開場
00:32 食材介紹
01:28 製作薑餅麵團
04:52 分割麵團,擀麵與裁切薑餅屋、薑餅人模型
07:29 烤箱設定,出爐放涼
08:04 製作皇室糖霜
09:00 製作簡易擠花袋
09:49 組合薑餅屋與裝飾
12:01 成品展示(薑餅屋杯緣子)
12:39 迷你薑餅屋製作技巧分享
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片中聖誕音樂使用:
* Kevin MacLeod創作的「Deck the Halls」是依據 創用 CC (姓名標示) 4.0 授權使用。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
來源: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100263
演出者: http://incompetech.com/
更詳盡的作法與 Tips,可以參考我們的食譜網站喔:
更多的食譜:
https://tahini.funique.info
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#薑餅屋
#皇室糖霜
#聖誕甜點
本片是以 Panasonic Lumix GX85/GX80 4K 影片拍攝。
鏡頭:
Panasonic LEICA DG SUMMILUX 15mm F1.7,
Panasonic LUMIX G 25mm F1.7 ASPH.
More Info:
https://www.sweet-dumpling.com
FB Page:
https://www.facebook.com/sweet.dumpling.studio/
royal instructions 在 糖餃子Sweet Dumpling Youtube 的最佳貼文
Hi, everyone. :) Today we'll show you how to make the Queen's scones (British Scones).
Scones are biscuit-like pastries, are often cut into round shape or wedges. According to the scone's history, it became popular and an essential part of the fashionable ritual of tea time in England Anna, the Duchess of Bedford, and now it's an English tradition known as "Afternoon Tea"
In England, scones are served at "cream tea" in the late morning or with afternoon tea. You might hear this: What goes on a scone first? Jam or clotted cream? There's much debate about it. For us, we prefer cream first. :-)
In this video, we follow the recipe of the former royal chef Darren McGrady, but we reduce the sugar just a little bit. The ingredient are simple and recipe is easy to make. Use this recipe, you can make the Queen's scones at home. Hope you like this video. Enjoy. :-)
#stayhomewithme
This is an #ASMR ver, you can check out the other ver that with BGM and Voices in Chinese if you like:
https://youtu.be/HV5UFLep8UA
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Queen's Favourite Scones Recipes
☞ cutting size: Ø5.3cm, can make 6~7 scones
✎ Ingredients
all-purpose flour 210g
granulated sugar 50g
a pinch of salt
baking powder 8g
cold unsalted butter 55g, cut into small cubes
cold whole 㔹milk 85ml
half egg, cold
one egg yolk for brushing
✎ Instructions
1. Sift flour, sugar, salt and baking powder together in a large bowl, and mix well.
2. Add the frozen butter cubes, then rub in with your floured fingers until the mix looks like fine bread crumbs. Place in the refrigerator for 5-10 minutes.
3. We just need half egg, so crack an egg into a small bowl and whisk it into a homogenous mixture, then split in half.
4. Add beaten egg and pour half milk, this stage you don't need to add too much milk, just lightly bring all ingredients together.
5. Keep adding the milk until the dough comes together. It's really important that we don't overwork to knead it, once the dough come together, put the dough onto the table.
6. Dusting a little flour, just knead it a little bit, then lightly roll the dough to an inch thick.
7. Using a well-floured round cookie cutter to cut the dough. Gently brush the top of scones with egg yolk.
8. Preheat the oven to 180C, and bake for 20~22 minutes.
9. Remove the baked scones form the oven and let cool, then serving with clotted cream and jam. Enjoy.
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#scones
#BritishDessert
#eastrecipes
#JEmarble
#Pastryboard
#Amazon