第一次世界大戰係DSE歷史科必讀嘅課題，因為會出資料題及論述題(經常會同第二次世界大戰一齊出題)，所以同學唔可以唔識啊 :D
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1914年7月28日 28th July 1914
第一次世界大戰爆發 The outbreak of the First World War
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塞爾維亞極端民族主義分子普林西普於1914年6月28日刺殺了奧匈帝國的王儲斐迪南大公及其妻子蘇菲，奧匈帝國於7月23日向塞爾維亞發出最後通牒。
Princip, a Serbian extreme nationalist, assassinated Austria-Hungary Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. Austria-Hungary thus sent an ultimatum to Serbia on 23 July.
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然而，對於奧匈帝國的最後通牒，塞爾維亞並非全然接受，因塞爾維亞認為奧匈帝國的部分條件是侵犯國家憲法和主權，包括塞爾維亞需要與奧匈帝國的相關部門合作，以鎮壓其國家境內企圖顛覆奧匈帝國領土完整的活動等。結果，奧匈帝國於7月28日向塞爾維亞宣戰，奧塞戰爭爆發。
However, Serbia did not fully accept the ultimatum issued by Austria-Hungary. Serbia thought that the clauses infringed her constitution and sovereignty. For instance, Serbia had to cooperate with certain departments in Austria-Hungary, as well as cracking down the Serbian forces which attempted to subvert the territorial integrity of Austria-Hungary. Eventually, Austria-Hungary declared war on 28 July and the war between Serbia and her was sparked off.
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由於德國及俄國均分別強硬支持其民族伙伴奧匈帝國及塞爾維亞，德國早於7月5日就開出「空白支票」予奧匈，表示無限量支持；俄國也於奧匈宣戰後作為第一個總動員的國家，以支持塞爾維亞。因此，奧塞戰爭隨著德、俄的介入而擴大化。
Germany and Russia firmly supported Austria-Hungary and Serbia respectively due to ethnic reasons. Germany showed her full support by sending a blank cheque to Austria-Hungary on 5 July; Russia was the first country that mobilized after Austria-Hungary declared war in support to Serbia. Therefore, the scale of war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia increased with the involvement of Germany and Russia.
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其後，法國基於法俄同盟(1894年)的條款，支持其盟友俄國而介入戰爭，英國也基於德國實行施里芬計劃破壞了比利時中立而對德國宣戰。結果，多國的參與使原本只是奧、塞的戰爭逐步演變成一場世界大戰。
After that, France joined the war in support to Russia due to the clauses in Franco-Russian Alliance (1894). On the other hand, Britain declared war towards Germany as Germany infringed Belgium neutrality when she implemented the Schlieffen Plan. As a result, the scale of war increased from a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia to a World War.
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最終，第一次世界大戰以德國於1918年11月11日投降而落幕，協約國取得勝利。戰後，戰勝國舉行了巴黎和會(1919年)以制訂對戰敗國的懲罰。
At last, the First World War ended with German surrender on 11 November 1918. The Allied Powers gained victory. After the war, the victorious nations held the Paris Peace Conference (1919) and to discuss on punishments towards the defeated nations.
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Provided by: K.W.HO
Translated by: Peony Chiu
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施里芬計劃（Schlieffen Plan）為第一次世界大戰前，阿佛列·馮·施里芬擔任總參謀長期間（1891年至1906年），由德國總參謀部所制定的一套作戰方法。 ... <看更多>