Question 1

secret number twitterPazu 薯伯伯 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

從 Signal 死機，側面看到 WhatsApp 今次幾咁大鑊文：薯伯伯Signal 從 1 月 15 日晚起至 1 月 16 日 down 機，服務陸續恢復，不過以我的使用情況而言，最值得留意的是不只是 Signal 服務器的問題，而是 Signal 出問題的這段時間，我的 WhatsApp 仍然沒有響過，是一個訊息都沒有。不是因為我沒朋友，而是我的朋友寧願改用 Telegram 跟我聯絡，都不使用曾經獨佔龍頭的 WhatsApp 跟我做後備聯絡。WhatsApp 在 Signal 熄爐之際，乘機發出新聞稿，把強制用戶交出私隱的最後通牒，由 2 月改至 5 月才執行。但跪地之舉看來已經難以扭轉勢頭，不少人寧願改用 Telegram 聯絡，也不吃 WhatsApp 的回頭草。Signal 出事，有人以為 WhatsApp 可以得益，但事實反映，起碼在我的朋友之間，反而更凸顯了 WhatsApp 的大限已到。長遠而言，有一個後備的聯絡方案，確是重要，Telegram 是一個合適的備份方案。Telegram 除了在 Secret chat 外，其他都沒有點對點加密，這是個問題，但 Telegram 作為臨時的後備方案，確是不錯之選。建議各位：1. 保留 Signal 作為主要的通訊工具2. 把 Telegram 作為後備的通訊工具，最好是登記的電話號碼跟 Signal 相同。而 Telegram 上的私隱設定，建議如下：Settings -> Privacy and Security -> Phone number: Who can see my phone number: NobodyWho can find me by my number: Everybody另外，Signal 出了問題，當然會影響了用戶體驗，尤其是新用戶。不過說句公道話，一個軟件的用戶量，在幾天之內由一千萬躍升至五千萬，短短數日之間多了四千萬人，即使是再強勁的技術支援，難免會有些甩漏，而觀乎他們在 Twitter 上的反應，是已經即時緊急維修及處理。也許從另一個角度去看，一個軟件短短數天內多了四千萬用戶，到了今天才出事故，其實已經算是不錯的表現。說我偏心也好，但能夠打破 Facebook 以及 Facebook 旗下的 WhatsApp 及 Instagram 獨大這個疆局，我是寧願多一點包容，多給一些時間及耐心。還有，Signal 的運作資金，除了靠有心人的大額支持，還是很需要用戶的小額捐贈，請考慮以單次捐款或月供捐款來支持這個打倒巨人的平台： https://signal.org/donate/ ▶️ 請訂閱 Patreon 頻道，支持不受干預的獨立創作及評論 | www.patreon.com/pazu

Question 2

secret number twitter半瓶醋 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

【水世界】的前製設定與現場劇照WATERWORLD (1995) In celebration of today’s anniversary of this wet mess/epic. Let’s celebrate the hard work this crew put into bringing this world to life. Water movies are never easy but when it comes to this movie anytime you bring it up and a crew member from it is in earshot, the stories pour out. Not always bad, I know a AC that said he had a blast, he loved the boat rides out and all the camaraderie the crew had to have to get thru it. To all the crew that helped bring WATERWORLD to life, We salute you and thanks for the memories. I personally enjoy this hot mess of a movie, it’s one of the last ones of its kind...done practically...in a way. let’s take a deepest of dives into WATERWORLD  The director, Kevin Reynolds, knew there would be problems before production had even started, “During pre-production. Because having never shot on water to that extent before, I didn’t really realise what I was in for. I talked to Spielberg about it because he’d gone to do Jaws, and I remember, he said to me, “Oh, I would never shoot another picture on water”.  “When we were doing the budget for the picture, and the head of the studio, Sid Sheinberg, we were talking about it and I said, “Steven told me that on Jaws the schedule for the picture was 55 days, and they ended up shooting a 155 days”. Because of the water. And he sat there for a moment and he said, “You know, I’m not sure about the days, but I do know they went a hundred percent over budget”. And so, Universal knew the potential problems of shooting on water. It’s monstrous.” The film began with a projected budget of $100 million which had reportedly increased to $175 million by the end of production. The principle photography had overrun for at least thirty days more than originally planned due to one major decision. Whereas today they would film in water tanks with partially built sets, employing green screens to fake the locations, back in 1995 they decided to build everything full size and shoot out on the ocean. This causes extra logistical problems on top of those that already come with making a major action blockbuster. Cast and crew have to be transported to sets. The  camera boats and sets float out of position and will have to be reset between takes taking up valuable production time. The first draft of Waterworld was written by Peter Radar, a Harvard graduate who wanted to break into the film business. His contact in the film industry was Brad Kevoy, an assistant to the legendary director Roger Corman. Roger Corman is best known for making films very quickly on a small budget. He also liked to give young talent a chance to direct and write their own films. Brad informed Peter that if he could write a Mad Max rip off, he would arrange to finance and let him direct the picture. Radar came back and pitched the idea for what would become Waterworld. Kevoy took one look at him and said, “Are you out of your mind? This would cost us three million dollars to make this movie!” So Radar kept hold of the idea and decided to re-write the script but, this time, going wild. He wrote what he wanted to see on-screen, limited only by his imagination, not a real world production budget. He managed to get the newly written script shown to a pair of producers with whom he had made contact with. They loved it and ironically they passed it onto Larry Gordon. He shared the enthusiasm saying it had the kind of cinematic possibilities he was looking for. A deal was signed on Christmas Eve of 1989. As further script rewrites progressed, it became clear that Waterworld was too big for the Larry Gordon’s production company to undertake by themselves. In February 1992, a deal was signed with Universal Pictures to co-produce and co-finance the film. This was now six years after the first draft had been written. Universal had signed director Kevin Reynolds to Waterworld. Whilst he was finishing his latest film, Rapa Nui, pre-production for Waterworld was already underway. The decision was taken that the largest set for the film, known as the atoll, would be built full size.  The atoll was the primary location for film and in the story served as the location for a small population of survivors. The logic behind this decision was due to the high percentage of  live action filming required in this location, as well as a huge action set piece. No sound stage would be big enough to incorporate this number of scenes and it was crucial that we see the mariner sail his boat into the atoll, turn around and set out again. A full-size construction was the only way to go as the use of miniature and special effects would be impractical. The next problem was deciding where to build this huge set. After much research, Kawaihae Harbour in Hawaii was chosen as the location. The atoll could be constructed in the harbour and rotated when needed thus allowing for open sea in the background. Later towards the end of principle photography, the atoll could be towed out into the open sea for the filming of the big action sequences which would be impractical to shoot in an enclosed harbour. Director Kevin Reynolds also discussed the possibility of using the same water tank as James Cameron’s The Abyss, which had filmed there around five years ago, “We had even entertained the notion of shooting at that big nuclear reactor facility where they had shot The Abyss, to use it for our underwater tank. But we found it in such a state of disrepair that economically it just wasn’t feasible. We didn’t have as much underwater work as they did. Most of The Abyss is interiors and underwater and model work, ours is mostly surface exterior.” The production company had originally envisioned building the atoll by linking approximately one hundred boats together and building upon this foundation, just like the characters in the film. The production crew set out to search Hawaii and get hold of as many boats as possible. During this search, a unique boat in Honolulu caught their attention. Upon further investigation, they discovered it was built by Navitech, a subsidiary of the famous aircraft production company, Lockheed. They approached Lockheed with the strange request of figuring out how they could build the foundations of the atoll. Lockheed found the request unusual but didn’t shy away from the challenging. They agreed to design the atoll foundation and Navitech would construct it. Meanwhile, an 11ft miniature model of the atoll was sent out to a model ship testing facility in San Diego. Scaled wave tanks are used to determine the effects of the open sea on large scale miniature models of new untested ship designs. This would help determine what would happen with the unusual design of the atoll when it was out of the harbour. The atoll, when finished, was approximately ¼ mile in circumference. It took three months to construct and is rumoured to cost around $22 million. As the atoll would be used out on the open sea, it required a seafaring license. Nothing like this had been done before and after much deliberation, it was eventually classed as an unmanned vessel. This meant that all cast and crew would have to vacate the set whilst it was towed into position. By the end of production, the atoll was towed out to sea a total of five times. Shooting out on the open sea presented a series of logistical problem as Reynolds describes, “We had an entire navy, basically – I mean, this atoll was positioned about a mile off-shore in Hawaii, it was anchored to the bottom of the ocean so it could rotate. What you don’t think about are things like, you’re shooting on this atoll to maintain this notion that there’s no dry land, you always have to shoot out to sea. Away from the land. So we chose a location where we had about a 180 degree view of open water. Nevertheless, any time when you’re shooting, there could be a ship appear in the background, or something like that, and you had to make a choice. Do I hold up the shot, wait for the ship to move out, or do we shoot and say we’re going to incur this additional cost in post-production of trying to remove the ship from the background. And at that time, CGI was not at the point it is now, it was a bigger deal. And so, even though if you’re shooting across the atoll and you’re shooting out onto open water, when you turn around and do the reverses, for the action, you had to rotate the entire atoll, so that you’re still shooting out to open water. Those are the kinds of things that people don’t realise. Or something as simple as – if you’re shooting a scene between two boats, and you’re trying to shoot The Mariner on his craft, another boat or whatever, you’ve got a camera boat shooting his boat, and then the other boat in the background. Well, when you’re on open water things tend to drift apart. So you have to send lines down from each of those boats to the bottom, to anchor them so that they somewhat stay in frame. When you’ve got a simple shot on land, you set up the camera position, you put people in front of the camera and then you put background in there. But when you’re on water, everything’s constantly moving apart, drifting apart, so you have to try to hold things down somewhat. And these are simple things that you don’t really realise when you’re looking at it on film. But logistically, it’s crazy. And each day you shoot on the atoll with all those extras, we had to transport those people from dry land out to the location and so you’re getting hundreds of people through wardrobe and everything, and you’re putting them on boats, transporting them out to the atoll, and trying to get everybody in position to do a shot. And then when you break for lunch, you have to put everybody on boats and take them back in to feed them.” The final size of the atoll was determined by the size of the Mariners boat, the trimaran. The dimensions for the trimaran were finalised very early on in pre-production, allowing all other vehicles and sets to be sized accordingly. Production required two trimarans boats which are so called because they have three hulls. The first was based on the standard trimaran blueprint and built for speed but also had to accommodate a secret crew below decks. During wide and aerial shots it would have to look like Costner himself was piloting the boat. In reality, a trained crew could monitor and perform the real sailing of the boat utilising specially built controls and television monitors below deck. The second trimaran was the trawler boat which could transform into the racer through the use of special practical effects rigs. Both of these boats were constructed in France by Jeanneau. Normally this type of vessel requires a year to construct but production needed two boats in five months! Normally once the boat had been constructed, Jeammeau would deliver it on the deck of a freighter, requiring a delivery time of around a month. This delay was unacceptable and so the trimarans were dismantled into sections and taken by a 747 air freighter to the dock Hawaii. Upon arrival, a further month was required to reassemble the boat and get them prepared for filming. sets recreating the inside of the tanker were built using forced perspective in a huge 1000ft long warehouse which had an adjoining 2000ft field. In this field, they built the set of the oil tankers deck, again constructed using forced perspective. Using the forced perspective trick, the 500ft long set could be constructed to give the impression that it was really twice as long. There’s more to a film than just it’s sets and filming locations. Over two thousand costumes had to be created with many of the lead actors costumes being replicated many times over due to wear and tear. This is not an uncommon practice for film production, but due to the unique look of the people and the world they inhabit, it did create some headaches. One costume was created with so many fish scales the wardrobe department had to search the entire island of Hawaii looking for anyone who could supply in the huge quantity required. Makeup had to use waterproof cosmetics, especially on the stunt players. As everyone had a sun burnt look, a three-sided tanning booth was setup. The extras numbering in their hundreds, with ages ranging from six to sixty-five, passed through the booth like a production line to receive their spray tan. The extras then moved onto costume before finally having their hair fixed and becoming ready for the day. In some scenes, extras were actually painted plywood cutouts to help enhance the number of extras on the set. This can easily be seen in one particular shot on board the Deez super tanker. Filming on the water is not only a difficult and time-consuming process but also very dangerous. It’s been reported that Jeanne Tripplehorn and Tina Majorino nearly drowned on their first day of filming. Waterworld’s star Kevin Costner reported having a near-death experience when filming a scene in which the mariner ties himself to his catamaran to survive a storm. The pounding water caused him to black out and nearly drown. Unbeknownst to most of the crew, Kevin Costner’s stunt double was riding his jet ski across 40 miles of open ocean between his home on Maui and the film’s set on the Big Island. When he didn’t show up for work one day, the production team phoned his wife, who informed them he had already left for work. The stunt double’s jet ski had run out of gas halfway through his “commute” and a storm had swept him farther out to sea. It took a helicopter most of the day to find him. The stunt doubles name was Laird Hamilton. As well as the logistical problems of creating a film of this scale and on water, they also had to deal with the press who seemed intent on wanting the film to fail. Director Kevin Reynolds discusses the situation, “It was huge, we were constantly fighting – people wanted to have bad press. That was more exciting to them than the good news. I guess the most egregious example of that that I recall was that the publicist told me that one day…we’d been out the day before and we were doing a shot where we sent two cameras up on a mast of the trimaran and we wanted to do a shot where they tilled down from the horizon down to the deck below. We’re out there, we’re anchored, we’re setting the shot up and a swell comes in, and I look over and the mast is sort of bending. And I turned to the boatmaster and I said, “Bruno, is this safe?”. And he looks up the mast and he goes, “No”. So I said, “Okay, well, we have to get out as I can’t have two guys fall off from 40 feet up”. So, we had to break out of the set-up, and go back in a shoot something else and we lost another half-day. Anyway, the next day the publicist is sitting in his office and he gets this call from some journalist in the States and he goes, “Okay. Don’t lie to me – I’ve had this confirmed from two different people. I want the facts, and I want to hear about the accident yesterday, we had two cameramen fall off the mast and were killed”. And, he goes, “What are you talking about?”. And he goes, “Don’t lie to me, don’t cover this up, we know this has happened”. It didn’t happen! People were so hungry for bad news because it was much more exciting than…they just said it, and you know, it hurt us.” Upon release, the press seemed to be disappointed that the film wasn’t the massive failure they were hoping it to be. Universal Studios told Kevin Reynolds that one critic came out of an early screening in New York and in a disappointed tone said,  “Well, it didn’t suck.” It is true that during principle photography the slave colony set sank and had to be retrieved. However due to bad press, the rumour became much bigger and to this day when you mention the sinking set, most people assume it was the huge atoll. During production, press nicknamed the film “Kevin’s Gate” and “Fishtar”, referring to 1980’s box office failures Heaven’s Gate and Ishtar. Heaven’s Gate failed so badly it led to the sale of United Artists Studio and has become synonymous with failure in Hollywood. As well as the exaggerated set problems and other various production rumours, there were also difficulties with the script. In a risky move, the film was green lit and moved into production without a finalised script. The final total is a reportedly thirty-six rewrites. One of the writers involved was Joss Whedon. Joss had worked on many scripts before becoming a director having being at the helm of both The Avengers and the sequel Avengers: Age Of Ultron. He described his experience on Waterworld as, “Seven weeks of hell” Everything came to a head just three weeks before the end of principle photography. Kevin Reynolds who was an old friend of Kevin Costner allegedly walked off set or was fired. There was no official statement on what happened. When Reynolds left the production this event caused many changes to be made. Composer Mark Isham had already composed approximately two-thirds of the film’s score by the time Reynolds left and that event ultimately caused him to leave production. As Mark describes in this interview excerpt, “Kevin Reynolds quit the film, which left me working for Kevin Costner, who listened to what I had written and wanted a completely different point of view. He basically made a completely different film — he re-cut the entire film, and in his meeting with me he expressed that he wanted a completely different approach to the score. And I said, “oh let me demonstrate that I can give that to you”, so I presented him with a demo of my approach to his approach, and he rejected that and fired me. What I find a lot in these big films, because the production schedules are so insane, that the directors have very little time to actually concentrate on the music.” Rumours report that Costner took control of production. He directed the last few weeks of principle photography and edited the final cut of the film that was released in cinemas. Reynolds discusses his surprise at discovering that one of the most famous scenes from what is known as the extended version, was left on the cutting room floor, “…it would have differed from what you saw on the screen to some extent, and one of the things I’ve always been perplexed by in the version that was released, theatrically, although subsequently the longer version included it, and the reason that I did the film, was that at the very end of the picture, at the very end of the script, there’s a scene when they finally reach dry land and The Mariner’s sailing off and he leaves the two women behind, and in the script they’re standing up on this high point and they’re watching him sail away, and the little girl stumbles on something. And they look down and clear the grass away and that’s this plaque. And it says, “Here, near this spot, 1953, Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary first set foot on the summit of Everest”. And that was in script and I was like, “Oh, of course! Wow, the highest point on the planet! That would have been dry land!”. And we got it! We shot that. And they left it out of the picture. And I’m like, “Whaaat?!”. It’s like the Statue of Liberty moment in Planet of the Apes. And I was like, “Why would you leave that out?” Written by John Abbitt | Follow John on twitter @UKFilmNerd If any the crew cares to share any of their experiences on it please comment.  Thanks for reading If you want more deep dives visit  https://www.facebook.com/groups/crewstories/?ref=share

Question 3

secret number twitter半瓶醋 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

橫尾先生你傾向於在你的遊戲中有個悲傷的結局（除了《尼爾 自動人形》），這是為什麼呢？ 橫尾：我想啊，玩家在遊戲中的旅程中殺了那麼多的敵人，但自己卻迎來了一個Happy Ending，這很奇怪，所以我之前遊戲的主角都有著不幸的結局，我覺得對他們來說有個Happy Ending是不對的。 不過對《尼爾 自動人形》來說，對2B和9S來說，從被給予生命，他們殺了很多人，但也被自己殺了很多，很多次，有著無數次的輪迴。我認為這已經把他們殺死敵人的罪給贖了，幸福結局對他們兩個來說更合適一些。 【尼爾：自動人形】是好遊戲，2B很可愛～Talking To Yoko Taro, PlatinumGames Takahisa Taura, And Composer Keiichi Okabe About Life, Death, And Opportunity This interview with《Nier: Automata》director Yoko Taro and PlatinumGames designer Takahisa Taura was first conducted in March of this year. Square Enix then offered gameinformer another chance to talk with Taro again, this time with Keiichi Okabe to speak more about the games creation, music, and design philosophies and we are taking this opportunity to combine both until-now unpublished interviews together.  At the start of the first interview, Taro Yoko, whose pen name is appropriately Yoko Taro, was surprisingly quiet. He took a gulp from a bottle of Diet Pepsi and looked me straight in the eye to say something. I myself looked to the translator, who laughed at whatever Yoko said. She began Yoko-san wants you to write about how expensive the food and drinks are here, if you can. He says its way too much. [The following interview contains some spoilers for Nier: Automata, including the games final ending.] With Nier: Automata, you guys won a Game Developer Conference award. How do you feel about that? Yoko: We heard it was a users choice award where the players themselves select the winners, so Im just really happy that the players have selected our game for winning the award. How did PlatinumGames and Yoko-san first meet on Nier? Why did you decide on that project versus something like another Drakengard or a new IP as a whole? Taura: I loved the previous Nier title, I was actually went to Square Enix saying Please let us create a Nier sequel, because you havent done anything with it for a long time. At the same time, there was coincidentally Saito-san, the producer for Nier: Automata, talking with Yoko-san that they wanted to do something together. It just so happened that it was the right time, right place and we met for the first time when we started this project. When you started working on the Automata, did you know what it was going to be? Did you have an idea in your head of what a Nier sequel would look like after the first game? Yoko: Not at all, I had no ideas for a sequel in mind. When I first heard that we might do a collaboration with PlatinumGames, the image I had of them is that they only create Sci-Fi action games. When I thought of that, I thought of what part of the Nier storyline might fit in with that Sci-Fi action gaming sequence, I selected the themes for Automata because I felt it just fits in with the PlatinumGames style. PlatinumGames has a reputation for fast, often-challenging action games, but Nier: Automata is a lot easier. Was that intentional to keep it closer to the first Nier or perhaps a consequence of trying to make PlatinumGames action more mainstream? Taura: Thats actually exactly the reason why. Saito-san from Square Enix told us when the project started that, since the original Nier has a lot of female fans and a lot of non-action gamer fans, to make the game as fun and accessible as possible to people who arent accustomed to playing difficult action games. We always thought of making the game into something thats fun to play for newcomers to the action game field, but also to the more experienced players as well. One of the usual tropes of PlatinumGames is that, as the game goes on, it tends to escalate more and more to an explosive finale. Nier: Automata kind of messes with that formula a little bit by Ending A being a little bit more subdued and low-key and then goes up again and again until it finishes with endings D and E. Is that something you had to work with Yoko-san about, where the escalation and pacing would best fit the gameplay? Taura: In terms of like a climax or increasing the difficulty level toward the end, its not that different from our other titles, or at least we didnt feel like it was that different. The one major difference was that this was the first game that Ive at least worked that had the leveling up element in it. So as long as you level up your character, the boss would be easier to defeat, but if you dont, then some of the enemies toward the end of the game would be very difficult. For me, the balancing between the difficulty level of stages and bosses versus the levels the player might be was the difficult part in creating this game. One thing that we really had it easy with in this game is that Yoko-sans scenario and Okabe-sans music, once its mixed into the battle, makes a really menial and indifferent battle sequence suddenly becomes this dramatic and grandiose battle with everything at stake, so I felt like that really helped elevate our battle sequences as well. We did have an easy time thanks to that! With Automata, you started appearing at press conferences and as part of the marketing of the game, whereas previously you never did that. When you appear in public, you have been wearing a mask of Emil from the first Nier title. Why Emil specifically? Yoko: Hmm. One of the answers I can give is that, and I do have a little more that I want to elaborate on, is that for one Emil in the previous title is just a strong character on its own, so its more like an iconic image or character for Nier as a series. Another part of the answer is that Emil actually holds a great secret of the part of the Nier world and its not all revealed with the games Ive created so far. Im not sure if Ill have an opportunity to disclose that secret, but if I do, I might one day create a game that delves more into why its Emil and why I continue to wear Emils mask. I dont know if either of you can speak to this, but the trailers for Nier: Automata were a little misleading. They showed A2, who you play as late in the game, but with short hair, so she looked like 2B. Was that something you decided, to show those scenes but not make it clear who it was? Yoko: There were trailers like that? There was one specifically showing A2 fighting Hegel like that. Yoko: Ahh, yeah. Theres no reason! We werent trying to hide A2 or mislead anyone, it just happened to work out that way. Taura: We made so many trailers at some point we kind of didnt care what we showed. Oh, wow, thats going to shock a lot of fans in the Nier community. People really believed in the theory that you were hiding A2 in plain sight the marketing. Yoko: Haha, but it might not be the correct answer. Like Taura-san said, we made so many trailers that we cant remember them all, so Im definitely happy to take the credit without remembering why. Taura: Yeah, lets say we intentionally did that. For the fans. It might be true. Yoko: But I can say, in one of the trailers is A2 fighting one of the Engels, one of the big robots. She actually has long hair in the trailer, but in the actual game, its after she cut her, so she would have had shorter hair. That one was actually intentional, because we did not reveal before the game that A2 would cut her hair, so we actually made a scene specifically with long-haired A2 to take that trailer. So thats that shot was kind of a lie. In the Automata DLC, the CEO of Square Enix Yosuke Matsuda, as well as PlatinumGames boss Kenichi Sato, are boss fights. Where did that idea come from and how did you get them to approve it? How did they react when you asked them? Yoko: Haha, oh yeah. Taura: The development team went to Square Enix and said Please let us use him in our game! Their reaction was initially saying Uhm, are you sure you want to? We were thinking for a while of what we could do with the DLC, because we didnt have a lot of time to develop it, so we wanted to do something fun with it. When we were thinking about it, we saw that Final Fantasy XV used a character model of president Matsuda in one of their marketing assets. When Yoko-san saw that, he reached out and asked if maybe we could use that in the game at Platinum. We said that, if we get the character models, we could definitely use them for something in the game. We reached out to Square Enix and they gave us the model and we were able to use that character model for a boss fight. If it was just that you were able to fight the CEO of Square Enix, then it would have just been the same as what Final Fantasy XV did, so we had to think of ways to spice that up even more. So we had PlatinumGames CEO Sato-san appear in the fight as well. We also included background music that arranged their voices, we included their voices in the music, just to add a little bit more and beat out Final Fantasy XV. That BGM track is Matsuda-san and Sato-sans debut single. We didnt even get permission from them, so its an unofficial debut single, and those are much rarer. Speaking of crossovers, did you know that Nier fans have been trying get Katsuhiro Harada of Bandai Namco to put 2B in Tekken? Is that something you guys would want to do? [Note: This interview was conducted before 2B was announced as a Soulcalibur guest character.] Yoko: For us, if we were asked, we would gladly say yes to anything for money. Were open to any kind of opportunities for anything, ever. Even if its Candy Crush, if they want to use 2B, we will say yes, please go ahead and use her. Actually, speaking of doing anything for money, youve never created a direct story sequel before, theyve all been loosely tied together and many years apart. Saito-san has already said there will be another Nier game, if the characters are popular enough, would you create a direct sequel to Automata or would you change the characters and location again? Yoko: I havent thought about it once! Taura-san, where would you want to create a new game? Taura: Actually, when I brought my concept document to Square Enix about a Nier sequel, I wanted to write a story about that prologue portion in the first Nier game. You know the beginning of the game, where youre kind of in Tokyo, in an area thats more modern? I kind of want to delve into that storyline a little bit more. So if Im allowed to create a new Nier title, thats what I want to create. But thats just me speaking as a fan of the series, so I dont think that will actually happen officially. Yoko: When I actually heard about that idea from Taura-san when we first started this project, I felt that it would be very difficult to make a modern recreation of Tokyo because its the city that we constantly see every day. You just notice differences in the lies that we put in there, so I felt it would be very difficult to do to recreate a city that we know and see so much. But now that I know that PlatinumGames is such a good studio that they most likely will have that power and talent to be able to create that kind of video game world, I think that might be an option. Whether or not well do that is a different question, but it is a viable option. One of the things you said before the release of Drakengard 3 was that you wanted to call it Drakengard 4 and just let people figure out what the theoretical Drakengard 3 was supposed to be. Thats similar to what you did with Automata where the game takes place 10,000 years after Nier and people who played the first game were more confused than new players. Was that an intentional idea or something youve wanted to do for a while? Yoko: Its not that I brought over that idea to Nier: Automata, the greatest reasoning why I did this is because I wanted players who havent played the original title to enjoy Nier: Automata so you can enjoy the game without knowing anything about the previous game. Thats the biggest reason why we took a storyline thats so far in the future that it really didnt have anything to do with the previous title. A common through-line for Yoko-sans games is flowers: the lunar tear in the Nier series, the flower in Zeros eye in Drakengard 3, is that symbolizing anything in your games or is it just visual imagery you like? Yoko: Well, I do like flowers in general, but yes, there is a greater meaning to it that I have with these flowers. Its the same as Emil like I talked about earlier, I just havent revealed it anywhere. There is a meaning, which is why they keep on coming back in my games, but I havent revealed it anywhere yet. With the last Nier game, you had said that you built the game on the concept of people  being okay with murdering people who are different. With Nier: Automata, the games actually became more fun to play and control and touch, do you think theres a danger in giving people that sense of ease in killing enemies in the narrative? Yoko: In the previous title, I actually feel like I overdid that a bit. I did want to portray that enemies have a reason to live and a reason to fight on their own as well, but I feel like I forced that idea that I had in my mind a little bit too much on the players. So for Nier: Automata, I did not want to focus on it, I didnt want to impose my feelings and thoughts. I actually feel that its fine if some people feel its fun to kill in our games. If thats all that they feel from the game, then its fine, because its their freedom to feel what they want from the game. To answer your question, I think that its fine to have that happen. Taura: I actually have the same answer, too. I feel like if its fun to fight, thats great as a game designer. But if you feel bad to kill these cute little robots, thats fine with me as well. I feel like different people will have different reactions to the game and they will feel differently when they play the game, so Im actually happy to create a game that creates those kind of differences within the players as well. Yoko: Thats a really good question for us, because if players felt that it was way too fun to kill these enemies that it started making them feel guilty, thats something we didnt really aim to do. Just as we mentioned earlier, Im really happy that players were able to take it on their own and experience it on their own, then we didnt just provide something for people to take it as-is on face value. I feel like its great that the players are now taking the game and experiencing it on their own and trying to figure things out on their own. There was a time after 2B was revealed that people were asking you about her design on Twitter and you answered that you just like sexy ladies. That quote has become pretty famous and attached to you and a lot of people are reading into it. Is that a thing you still believe, would you ever take the quote back, or would you have ever changed 2Bs design? Yoko: [laughs] Dont straight men like cute girls? Isnt that common knowledge? I didnt realize that was a quote. A lot of people use you as an example as a developer that just says what is on their mind. Yoko: Before we released the game, on Twitter, because so many people were sending me 2B fan art, I said that Send me a zip file of all your erotic fan art! When I tweeted that out, my number of Twitter followers jump from 20,000 to 60,000 just with that one Tweet. I actually think its because I did something thats more of a taboo in the western world where I talked about sexuality or gender that openly on Twitter, but thats actually...so, I do know that what I said did not just creative positive buzz and theres some negative buzz around it as well, but I feel like it kind of has to do with the Japanese culture where were not too strict about gender and sexuality and being more open about talking about those things. I think its the same thing as reading manga as an adult, its a little bit different when you think about it because in Japan thats more common, its not considered something weird or something outlandish. With that kind of feedback that I get from fans, I just feel like its the difference in culture between Japan and the rest of the world. That is something you tend to tackle fairly often. Drakengard 3 was partly about sex and sexuality treated casually within the games universe, is that something you feel doesnt translate across all regions? Yoko: I actually dont think [translating across regions] has a lot to do with sexuality. I dont think it would have sold more copies of Drakengard 3 if I took away aspects of sexuality or added more in there. I feel that Nier: Automata sold well because we worked with PlatinumGames, so I dont think that has anything to do with a sexual nature. For the original Nier, there was a lot of information on the periphery of the game like books with background information and short stories that answer questions raised in the game. Automata even had a stage play predating the game. Do you think its harder for western fans to grasp the whole stories of these games when theres Japanese-exclusive media about it expanding the lore? Yoko: Of course we cant localize everything because we have limitations in budget, so its really difficult to do all of that, but I actually think there really isnt a need to know everything, either. The meaning I have behind Emils mask or the flowers you asked about, like I said its not revealed in the game at all or anywhere else yet, but no one really needs to know that to enjoy the game or enjoy the world or enjoy the game. More than gaining knowledge, I want players to cherish the experience they have when playing the game. Its more about that instead of the knowledge they could have for every question. Of course the theatrical stage play was more of like a YoRHa spinoff, but you dont need to know that to enjoy the game. Every piece, like the books and the stage play, is made in a way so that you can enjoy it by yourself, so you dont need that extra knowledge to enjoy it. It may add a little bit depth to the knowledge that you have, but you dont necessarily need to have it. I do understand the otaku mentality that you want to know everything, you want to have everything answered, you want to collect everything, but I dont see the value in knowing everything. For example, just in real life, you might not know everything about the politics that surrounds the world or even in your own country, and theres really no point in knowing everything that happens in the world. Maybe a lot things, but not everything, right? Whats more important is how you interact with people around you, immediately around you, and I think thats the same with video games. You dont really need to know everything that happens in the world to enjoy it. Of course I do respect the freedom that the players feel as well, so if you do get mad that we cant localize everything in America, or America never gets everything, thats also something to be respected and I do understand the frustrations surrounding that as well. When Nier: Automata released, it did so in a three-month timeframe that several other big Japanese games came out in the U.S., like The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Yakuza 0. A lot of people started heralding those games as a return of Japanese development in the west. What do you think about going from fairly niche games to what some people consider the tip of the spear of modern Japanese development? Yoko: First and foremost, just to speak about having so many good titles in that timeframe, my thought was Are you people trying to kill me with this?! In Japan, Horizon came out first, then it was Nier, then Zelda, and I think in the west, it was Horizon, Zelda, then Nier in North America. So were literally sandwiched between those two with a two-week window in between each and they were all very similar to us in the futuristic setting. Especially for Zelda, it was one of the titles we copied in the first place, so I really felt like they were trying to kill us at the time. Personally, not even thinking about Nier: Automata during that time frame, I was running around excited about all the fun-looking games coming as a gamer myself. Hideki Kamiya [PlatinumGames] has once said that Nier: Automata saved Platinum. Is that something you agree with and how has the relationship been between PlatinumGames and Square Enix? Yoko: Speaking from my perspective, of course Taura-san will likely know more about it internally at PlatinumGames...Kamiya-san, hes very laid back on Twitter, but when you actually really talk to him, hes a very serious person and very sincere. I guess Nier: Automata did generate sales for them, because I received a direct letter of gratitude from him saying Thank you very much for creating a great game. I dont even know if we saved them or not in that sense, but just receiving that kind of message from was just very heartwarming and I was just really happy that I was able to provide such a game for them. Taura: You could make the headline of your article Yoko Taro Saved PlatinumGames and thats definitely true. Yoko: Its a very true headline. Why do both of you think that Nier: Automata was more successful than Yoko-sans previous games or most other PlatinumGames titles? Taura: Mainly because PlatinumGames sensibilities were much better than Yoko Taros. Yoko: I actually think its the Square Enix brand, the name Square Enix gives a more reliable feeling to an otaku type of title. PlatinumGames strong name being known for making really good action games and I think the combination of the two really helped. This time with Nier: Automata, we sold about 2.5 million copies and the previous title we sold around 500,000. For the last game, we werent really in the red, but it wasnt exactly a success either. We have these passionate fans that really supported the time from announcement and the series as a whole. Of course for Automata, too, we had a very passionate fan base including the media and including yourself that gave impressions and articles that helped make the game into a success, so Im just really grateful for the fans and media alike that really supported the title and were passionate about it. [The remainder of this interview took place a few weeks later with Taro Yoko and Nier: Automata composer Keiichi Okabe. Okabe is also known for his work on both Nier titles, Drakengard 3, Tekken, and contributing some tracks to Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. Before we started recording, Yoko said it will be okay if I asked Okabe most of the questions and I remarked that I wouldn’t want to make him jealous. He paused for a moment and then said it doesn’t matter because he would get paid either way.] You two have been working together for a long time, I was curious how much the music composition is tied in with the writing. One of the city themes in Nier: Automata uses similar composition to a track in Nier. Does that come from the writing or the musical identity of the series? Okabe: Since Yoko-san is I feel the type of person that doesnt want to do the same thing over and over again, even if he did receive praise for what he did previously, I kept that in mind while I was composing music for Nier: Automata. I also wanted to have some kind of connection that you would feel as a player between the previous title and this one, so I used similar tones from previous titles or from the previous game. It might not be exactly the same, but I used some similar types of music lines from the previous title so that you might feel that kind of connection. But we do have tracks that are arrangements of previous tracks from older titles, but that was mostly for fan service. I kind of wanted to drill down a little bit this time and get to the core of your philosophy of why and how you make games. If you had to pick a reason to hold up and say This is why I make video games, what would that be? Yoko: I feel that video games, amongst all the different entertainment mediums, have the most freedom in what you can do as a creator. For example, in a film, if you are able to control movement, then thats no longer a film in my eyes. In video games, you could have film-like cutscenes and videos, you could have them going on forever as much as you would like as a creator. That kind of freedom to do that is what I really wanted to do and I feel like video games are what provide me that option, even if I never do it. Is there any kind of message you use games for that you want to convey to your audience or anything you want them to hear from you? Or do you prefer to let them take whatever interpretation they get from your games? Yoko: Its the latter. I would want our players to freely interpret what Ive created just on their own, to grasp something for their own. I feel thats one of the interesting aspects of video games is that you are able to freely interpret whats being shown to you. I also feel like the players make the game whole by playing it. The action of playing the game I feel has meaning in itself and because of that I want the players to find something from the game, feel something from the game, for themselves. Nier: Automata won a number of awards, Okabe-san you won best music at The Game Awards, Automata won the audience award at GDC. Is there any pressure to appeal a more mainstream audience with your next game? Okabe: For a popular title that will be played by many, it doesnt really matter what kind of genre you put out musically. I will still be interested to compose music for those if possible. I would have to take a different approaches to those kind of mainline titles, whereas for Nier, I felt that the music can be more geared toward a core audience where only those who would understand the music would play it. But at the same time, once you understand, I want you to be deeply affected by it. Thats what I aim for with Nier. If I am to work on a way more mainstream title next time, I will have to change that mindset I have as a composer, but that would be something Id like to challenge myself more. To answer your question, yes, Id like to try that, but Id also do whatever kind of jobs Im assigned to. Yoko: For me, my games I actually think are really niche. How Nier: Automata was so successful was actually just a coincidence. To make a successful game is something that I cant really aim to do, so I think that Ill probably return to my small and dark corner, my niche corner, with my successive titles. Who would you both consider your inspirations for writing and composing? Okabe: For me, its obviously more of a composer than a writer, but I dont really focus on one person. I tend to just try to get music here and there and have a wide net. I am greatly affected by people who Ive listened to in my youth, like Japanese composer Ryuchi Sakamoto, Ennio Morricone who creates film music, and also pop music like Michael Jackson and Madonna. I am affected by those as well. Yoko: I have received inspiration from a lot of things, but I think personally expressions in film or any like visual production is something Im deeply affected by. For example, Neon Genesis Evangelion by Hideaki Anno, that was really a strong influence on me. Also, the drama series 24, the way that they incorporate speedy and complicated constructions of storylines was something that was very new at the time. Just throughout the timeline of visual production, I think theres a sudden burst of evolution, and I think that that moment in a title that does that just greatly affects me and becomes an inspiration for me. But I feel that can be said for the rest of the world. Lately, anything that Christopher Nolan creates I think is very intriguing where he tries to include deep knowledge and thoughtfulness into what he creates. Im very interested in this new wave of evolution. Last year, with the release of Animal Crossing on mobile, you talked on social media about how it was your favorite game of the year because you created a narrative where the characters were all unwillingly imprisoned in the camp. Do you often create your own narratives for games? Yoko: I do that for some games and I dont for others. Off and on, I guess. Its a lot easier to create my own storyline per se for a more primitive game. For example, in Zelda: Wind Waker, you start off with a grandma and your sister living on an island and its really happy and joyful and theres really no reason for Link to get out of there and fight Ganondorf because youre already living happily. You dont need to get out of that happiness. As a gamer, I felt the kind of sadness to have to leave that happy island life. In Dragon Quest [V], you have to choose who you want to wed, and I felt that I couldnt really get into liking either of the characters. I also couldnt find the point of having to decide who I want to marry, so I just at that instant I turned off the game and said My journey ends here! My mind narrated The three of them went on the journey and lived happily ever after, the end. That was my ending for Dragon Quest V. Around the release of Drakengard 3, you spoke about how its not possible in this industry to make a six-minute game and sell it for $60, no matter how good those six minutes are. Is this something you still think? Yoko: That analogy was given to explain that, no matter how much you try to make a game really good, theres a limit to what you can do. If you are to create a six-minute game, because you cant go through a lot of different stages, you would have to create one stage. Which means that you could really refine the quality of that one stage without having to put in a lot of money into it and a lot of manpower into it. Also, because its only six minutes, you cant really have too many characters in it, so you could focus on one or two characters at max. By doing that, you could refine the quality of those two characters. But because youre time-limited, no matter how much you refine the quality of the world around you or the characters, if youre limited to six minutes theres just so much you could do that the game wont become good at all. That was an example for me to say that theres a limit to what you can do in video games. Okabe-san, in the music for a lot of Yoko-sans game, you use constructed or uncommon languages, is there a specific reason for that? Okabe: [laughs] Yeah, for one, because it is Nier: Automata, Replicant, and Gestalt, they all take place in a unique world, even though theyre in the timeline of our current world, its so much in the future that it should feel kind of foreign. Thats one of the reasons why I went for language we cant understand, but another is that, in games in the past, game directors actually got mad at many occasions for including vocals into the soundtrack. They were saying that it would become too distracting from the gameplay and would distract the player. It was considered more of a taboo, so for Nier, I included vocals in there without a language you could understand more for the sound that you get from the words. It wasnt to convey any meaning of what was being said, but more for a sound impact. Yoko-san, you tend to have very sad endings in your games, with the exception of Nier: Automata which is as happy an ending as you can get with most characters dying. Why do you tend to write toward more sad endings and do you feel like Automatas happy ending fit the game better? Yoko: The reason why I created endings that end on a death is because, until now I was creating games where you would kill a lot of enemies, but Ive always felt that it doesnt feel right when the protagonist has a happy after theyve killed so many enemies during the course of their journey. Thats why in Replicant and Gestalt, or my previous titles, the protagonist pretty much ended up dying because I didnt feel like it was right for them to have a happy ending. But for Nier: Automata, 2B and 9S, from the time that they were given life, theyve been killing a lot of enemies, but theyve also been killed by them many, many times, and regenerated many times. Theyve actually been killing each other, which you find out at the very end, many, many times as well. So I felt that kind of cleansed them of their sins for killing so many enemies, which made me feel that a happy ending was more fitting for those two. Do you feel like that cycle of violence and death and the consequences of that are human nature? Yoko: I think the reasons why we kill in video games do kind of shine light on whats kind of broken within humanity or humans in general. We want peace in the world, but we also enjoy killing others in video games, like shooting guns in video games. I think thats karma in a sense for humans, the way that video games grasp the true essence of humanity, whether or not thats what they were aiming to do. Is there a series that you know, like Persona or Yakuza or anything like that, that either of you would want to work on? Yoko: A series or anything? It can be anything. Yoko: Personally, its not a Japanese title. Id actually love to see how western titles are developed, because I have no insight into how theyre made. There was a moment in time where I felt that it might be fun join a western development to see how things run. Of course theres the language barrier that would make it difficult for me to do that, but generally speaking I feel that western storytelling follows kind of a similar route for all the stories that western mediums create. I would feel it fascinating to find out why western games use certain flows and storyline arcs. Okabe: Im kind of a fanboy myself, so there is a part of me that wants to work on major titles like Dragon Quest. I feel that if I do work on those titles, the pressure of working such a known title would be just too big and because there is a part of me that really loves that series, I feel like I would try to skew my music in a way that would fit into that series instead of trying to create music that I think is good. I dont feel like I would be able to bring out the best quality in my music if I worked on those big titles, because of that pressure and because of the image I have of those titles in my mind. Currently, my want to work on those major titles and the part of me thats telling me I shouldnt do it are about equal. Were either of you surprised by Nier: Automatas success? Yoko: [in English] Oh yes. Okabe: For me, I live in Tokyo and developer PlatinumGames live in Osaka, so we did have quite a distance in-between, like literal physical distance between us. From the moment that I created the music to when I was able to see it next, there was a big gap in time, so when I was able to my music in the game for the first time, the game was pretty close to finished, they were almost done with development. At that moment, I thought Maybe this one might sell? But at the same time, I didnt think it would become this big of a success, I always thought it might do better than the previous titles, but it was like a hunch that I didnt feel until this time in Yoko-sans titles. I did have some kind of a gut feeling that it might do well. The last song of Automata, Weight of the World, had a chorus with the entire games development staff at PlatinumGames and Square Enix singing along to encourage the player. Why did you decide on that for the final song of the game? Okabe: I didnt remember this, I actually forgot about it for a while, but Yoko-san actually came to me telling me that he wanted a chorus at the end of the game pretty early on in the development process. I apparently made disgruntled face at him and did not remember why I even made that face or even that I made that face. After a while, I actually remember why I had such a reaction with the disgruntled face, because theres a couple of different types of choirs, but Yoko-san likes the more classical choir, so when he requested that he wanted a choir, I thought he wanted that classical type of choir at the last part of the game. At that moment, I thought Well, that doesnt really fit in with the game plan, I dont really want to do that, which is why I had that expression on my face. After we talked about it, Yoko-san mentioned that wasnt really what he was going for, he said that because that last scene is all about all these different people helping you, he wanted everyone to sing, he wanted it to feel like everyone is singing there with you as you play. When I thought about doing that, and I actually agreed that might be a good idea, because in Nier: Automata all the choir vocals that you hear in the game, its actually recorded by a small group of singers, I just overlapped their voice so it sounds like a big choir. Because that last part of the game is more about you playing amongst a lot of people, I felt that taking that approach again of overlapping voices again would not really work. So I reached out to the dev teams because they were working on that part and I thought it would be a good idea to have them put themselves in the game as well. I also thought that they dont need to have a good voice, its just to give that feeling that youre playing with all these developers. Development teams from Square Enix, PlatinumGames, and also some composers from my company who didnt work on Nier: Automata are singing in it as well. Theres also children of PlatinumGames developers and their family actually singing in it as well. That was the reasoning behind why we decided to do that at the end. Has there ever been, in all your games youve made, an idea you had that you had to be talked out of? Yoko: For the first Drakengard, I had an idea of [Japanese pop-star] Ayumi Hamasaki, like her character model, wearing all-silver spandex, like a giant version of her descending from the sky and you would fight against her by music. Everyone else on the staff shut it down. It does still leave that kind of music game essence kind of in there, but the part Ayumi Hamasaki comes out in silver spandex has been taken out. Isnt that kind of similar to Drakengard 3s actual ending? Yoko: Similar, but I actually wanted to go for something funny, or shockingly stupid. But no one would let me. Source： https://www.gameinformer.com/…/talking-to-yoko-taro-platinu…

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