關於 self paper ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[生活美語] 同學有看過Bag to Earth*這種廚餘回收袋嗎？

在溫哥華第一次見到!

這些袋子完全都是用裝廚餘的可生物分解紙做的；這種由可再生材料製成的紙張為堆肥過程添加了所需的營養，因而使得有機食物的垃圾循環更具效率。透過連結可以閱讀更多有關袋子的資訊：https://www.bagtoearth.com/about

The bags are made entirely of biodegradable paper and are used to hold kitchen waste/food scraps (廚餘). This makes the organic food waste cycle more efficient as the paper, made from renewable and sustainable resources, adds needed nutrients to the composting process. You can read more about the bags here: https://www.bagtoearth.com/about

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在台灣，我們使用塑膠袋裝廚餘。而這些袋子會被回收、還是被燒？我們多少的廚餘會變成肥料或是用來餵豬？這個過程的效率如何？我們應該如何做以減少食物浪費並降低回收過程的環境成本？這些是當探討環境污染時，我們應該思考的一些問題。

In Taiwan, we use plastic bag to hold our kitchen waste. Are these bags recycled or burned? How much of our kitchen waste is turned into fertilizer or pig feed? How efficient is the process? How can we reduce food waste and lower the environmental costs of our recycling processes? Some questions to think about when discussing environmental pollution.

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Key words:

•kitchen waste/food scraps 廚餘
•biodegradable 可生物分解的
•compostable 可堆肥的
•compost 混合肥料；堆肥
•organic fertilizer 有機肥料
https://www.gardeningchannel.com/compost-vs-fertilizer-explained/
•plastic particles 塑膠顆粒
•nutrients 營養素
•the composting process 堆肥的過程
•renewable and sustainable resources 可再生及永續資源
•raw materials 原料
•eco-certification 環保認證
•contaminate 污染
•environmental sustainability 環境永續
•forest management policies 森林管理政策
•enrich garden soil 使花園的土壤更肥沃
•pig feed (n.) 豬食、餵豬吃的
•reduce garbage 減少垃圾量
•lower production costs 降低生產成本
•incinerate 焚燒、焚化
•bury in a landfill 埋在垃圾掩埋場
•the food waste problem 食物浪費問題
•food self-sufficiency 食物自給自足
•waste treatment 廢物處理
•economic incentive 經濟誘因

*Bag to Earth 這個商標可能是出於 Give back to Earth (回饋地球) 或 Return to the soil (回到土地)的概念。

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相關文章:

Bag to Earth
https://www.bagtoearth.com/about

Bag to Earth makes composting a pleasure
https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/courier-archive/living/bag-to-earth-makes-composting-a-pleasure-yes-really-3107819

In Taiwan, leftover food scraps help farmers sustain porky appetites
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/mar/23/taiwan-food-waste-pork-production-farming-recycling-environment

Taiwan’s food waste must be addressed
https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2019/12/01/2003726744

【春大直x 莫凡彼 5公升重量裝冰淇淋】
Chun Place x Movenpick Five Liter Ice Cream Sale

🍨 7/19-7/28 限時拍賣
(Nine-Day-Flash Sale from 7/19-7/28)
🔗 網路下訂 春大直自取 (Order online and self pick up at @chunplace)
https://bit.ly/2VP7koZ

✨7種人氣口味任你選：
7 classic flavors available for your choosing:
金典巧克力Swiss Chocolate、
夢幻香草Vanilla Dream、
草莓Strawberry、
咖啡Espresso Croquant、
義大利起士Straciatella、
楓糖核桃Maple Walnut、
瑞士牛奶糖 Caramelita

📱 即刻起開放預訂，前1000位購買送5L保冷袋！
Pre-order now!
First 1000 customers get a free 5 liter isothermal bag!
👉 50% OFF! 你沒看錯就是五折！五折！五折！
⚠️ 5公升只要1260元(原價$2520) Original Price: $2520 Now: $1260

First time making churros 😂
Thanks @ameliatann for helping and editing those photos for my lazy ass 🤣

最近疫情都在挑戰我的廚藝😂
為了這次為期9天的莫凡彼限時拍賣，居然做了人生第一次的吉拿棒 哈哈哈 也是有夠瘋的 🤣 有興趣在家做的朋友我也把食譜放在下面囉～ 配上冰淇淋真的超爽的啊！

🔗 https://bit.ly/2VP7koZ
🚝 劍南路站
☎️ (02) 8502-7209
📌 No. 303, Lequn 3rd Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei City, 10491
👯Tag your drinking buddies!

Churros Recipe
Mix and boil:
1 cup water
1/4 cup unsalted butter, diced into small cubes
1 Tbsp granulated sugar
1/4 tsp salt

Once boiled in a pot, quickly add in sifted flour:
1 cup all-purpose flour

Wait for 5-10 mins before blend in:
1 large egg (feel free to add another egg for richer tasting, but one is fine)
1/2 tsp vanilla extract

Heat the pot of vegetable oil to 175C, for frying
Once golden brown, place on a paper towel for 20 seconds for draining before rolling into the cinnamon sugar mix

For coating the churros, mix in
1/2 cup granulated sugar
3/4 tsp ground cinnamon
And you’re done!

#taipeieater #taipeieats #taipeifood #taipeifoodie #taipeicafe #popdaily #hungryintaipei #yummyday #movenpick #icecream #icecreamlover #desserttable #churros #2eat2gether #teatime #beautifulcuisines #popyummy #台北美食 #捷運美食 #台北咖啡 #台北咖啡廳 #台北下午茶 #中山 #中山美食 #中山區 #外帶 #莫凡彼 #春大直 #特賣

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

#拼貼 #封蠟 #手作卡片 #手寫字

A letter to ______
當了半年的老師 離職後又過了半年
因為要見到學生 所以寫了一張滿滿鼓勵卡片
這是拼貼卡片到放入信封的療癒過程紀錄
當老師的半年壓力再大 都因為學生的天真無邪撐過去了
與學生家長交心 是我這個菜鳥老師最堅持的事
因為人與人之間 真誠以待才是相處之道
將每一個緣份視為人生的一部分 它將帶給你更多

――――― 使用素材情報 / Material Info ―――――
P.paletter
▸ 咖啡色拍立得 貼紙 Polaroid sticker・rectangle
https://www.travelingonpaper.com/collections/p-palette/products/%E2%97%8D-%E7%B4%99%E4%B8%8A%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C-p-palette-%E9%9F%93%E7%B3%BB%E8%B3%AA%E6%84%9F%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E8%89%B2%E6%8B%8D%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%97%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E8%B2%BC%E7%B4%99-%E4%B9%BE%E7%87%A5%E8%8A%B1%EF%BD%9C%E6%96%87%E5%85%B7-%E6%89%8B%E5%B8%B3-%E6%8B%BC%E8%B2%BC-%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84-%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90

Phavourite.co
▸ 圓點貼
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SOM x Pooi Chin
▸ Hold on to Your Faith
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不古便利店 Bugu Store
▸ 祝 封蠟
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⟰ 以上紙上旅行買得到唷！⟰
也都附上網址給你們囉 喜歡也歡迎來選購～


甜蜜生活 女子亥
▸ 風格女孩貼紙組 140張入
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Meow Illustration
▸ 粉紅嘉年華紙膠帶
https://www.pinkoi.com/product/t4NbMbZy

音樂 / Music: Unavailable
演出者 / Performer: Causmic
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCptYdIghPgmOl8opbjZrcuA

剪輯軟體 / editing tool: Premiere Pro

-----------------------------------------------
Hello! I am Tracy!
入坑大概七八年！喜歡玩文具、寫手帳、拼貼、玩封蠟。
2021年服役手帳: 寄思＆Traveler's Notebook
(之前也使用過Midori A5, 星巴克手帳, Hobonichi A5 / A6)
最近開始勇敢地讓興趣成為工作，持續努力中：）

〃合作邀約 tracyliao0@gmail.com
〃Instagram: @_tracysjournal_
https://www.instagram.com/_tracysjournal_
〃紙上旅行 官網 / Instagram
https://travelonpaper.easy.co/
https://www.instagram.com/_travelingonpaper_/

⌲ 更多影片

❝ 拼貼紙材挑選與購買 ❞ 拼貼新手必看！ 紙邊是什麼？哪裡買？
Where do I get the paper card for collage?
https://youtu.be/gcO9d9uuuyc

拼貼過程紀錄 用相同素材做13張拼貼貼紙｜Process of collaging
https://youtu.be/G5k-NgS5ejg

旅人手帳封面拼貼，迎接2021下半年！｜Hello July！TN Journal cover Deco
https://youtu.be/PdglBUFdk-o

花圈拼貼教學與小技巧｜一捲紙膠帶直接拼兩張！| Washi wreath ideas
https://youtu.be/D3z6iYs6UBs

快速拼貼卡片！15分鐘完成！不專業粉嫩系｜Handmade card ideas
https://youtu.be/drB961_5A6s

BGM
Joakim Karud - Canals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxpEdiB6U88
Prod. Yusei - Why you have to be so cute tho uwu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiOhtzVjl94
midsummer - Fiction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pVr2wc0NyY
midsummer - Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9SmA0A-Lpw
Eric Godlow - Relaxation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BiqEbIYt4iQ

NOTEBOOK
TRAVELER'S notebook B-sides & Rarities - Refill Washable Paper (Regular Size) https://www.toolstoliveby.com.tw/en/stationery/agenda-agenda-accessories/traveler-s-notebook-b-sides-rarities-refill-washable-paper-regular-size/
Soumkine No. 302 Extraordinary Undated Planner (unfortunately it's not available anymore) https://soumkine.com/

PEN/BRUSH/INK (TN Washable Paper)
MUJI 0.5 Brown Pen
Tombow pen brush in 991
Shachihata's Ink Pads

STAMPS
Traveling on paper stamp by @_travelingonpaper_ https://travelonpaper.easy.co/collections/feature-on-homepage/products/%E7%B4%99%E4%B8%8A%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C-traveling-on-paper-%E5%8D%B0%E7%AB%A0
I'm feeling & note to self stamps by @nyret__
Leaf stamp by @linchianing

STICKERS
Little journey PET tape https://www.nanakaro.com/collections/feature-on-homepage/products/little-journey-%E9%9C%A7%E9%9D%A2-pet-%E7%B4%99%E8%86%A0%E5%B8%B6
Daffodil 3cm sticker tape https://www.loidesign.store/products/3cm%E7%B4%99%E8%86%A0%E5%B8%B6-%E6%88%80%E8%89%B2-%E8%87%AA%E5%B8%B6%E9%9B%A2%E5%9E%8B%E7%B4%99
Hello & spring letters stickers by @beingfaye

LATTE
Yuantou Cafe

CAMERA
SONY ZV1

THUMBNAIL
Procreate

VIDEO EDITOR
VLLO

哈佛知識分享: 做生意，七大困難選擇! 

七條策略問題 Seven Strategy Questions《第六: How Committed Are Your Employees To Helping Each Other?  同事們之間有幾願意互相幫助?》

從前有三個工人砌磚頭:

第一個，做又36唔做又36， 梗係砌得又慢又冇心機，等收工工。

第二個同佢講，係每嚿磚頭畀多佢兩毫子， 動力梗係加倍! 

第三個同佢講砌磚頭原來係喺起間教堂，等村民可以同神溝通，令人民心靈/世界更加美好。 我估第三個砌曬自己嗰啲之後 ，都可能幫埋側邊個人砌。

以上故事帶出咩理念? 

Business is about making tough choices. 上五集就講咗 Who is your primary customer?  公司股東、顧客、員工，邊個行先? 追數，應追邊三條數? 公司應有邊「十誡」? 同埋如何令員工在適當壓力下發揮創意。

今集我會同你探討第六個策略問題: How Committed Are Your Employees To Helping Each Other?  同事們之間有幾願意互相幫助?

根據哈佛教授 Bob Simons 呢本書 Seven Strategy Questions，上面提及嘅砌磚頭， 就好似公司管理咁， 做又36，唔做又36，肯定唔啱。 無曬推動力! 

想畀員工多啲獎賞鼓勵?

有啲公司， 行 trading strategy: you eat what you kill ... 每個人係 more self-interested， 可能行 commission 佣金制度。

有啲嘅公司，行 solution-based strategy: more teamwork approach， 流程較複雜，可能行 bonus pool 花紅制， 甚至乎有埋 stock options 或 ownership plans. 

無話對與錯，最緊要搞清楚。

好似做地產經紀咁，如果你顧客唔幫襯你，好輕易可以幫襯其他人，即係客戶有 low switching costs, 餐搵餐食餐餐清，公司內部又同一時間可以有好多人以一樣產品跑數，內外競爭較激烈， 做到做到，做唔到就做唔到，好輕易用錢去量度嘅話， 你係行緊個 trading strategy，行佣金制度去鼓勵員工較適合。有得「經紀」兩隻字，基本上都係咁。 以前我係「生意經紀」， 買賣過千單生意仔， 同事們都係行佣金制。 做到 deal 就出佣。

但佣金制亦有利有弊，利嘅就係簡單直接，you eat what you kill. 弊嘅，就係同事們可能會變得較短視、自私、 同埋未必從公司/顧客利益層面著想， 總之就先袋佣金先。 因此你間地產經紀個盤好唔好，佢一定話好。 話唔好，都只係因為有另一個想介紹你買。因此 ....No offense ... 俗語有云: 「經紀靠得住、豬乸會上樹!」 

有啲公司，好似投資銀行咁， 攞咗單 deal 返嚟要成 team 人一齊做 (i.e. 一齊搞上市或收購合併)， 客戶嘅關係係較長久、 成條價值鏈 value chain 比較 複雜，唔係賣咗就算， 好難簡單地用錢去量度邊單一個人做得好或差， 反而同事們嘅 willingness to help each other 係更重要，咁就可能行一個定期嘅花紅 bonus 制度更佳。

因此有啲公司，除了有人工老底 、bonus 以外，又有其他 deferred compensation, stock grants and stock options. 集團、公司、團隊、個人表現各佔15％至35％。

呢本書話，根據MIT 教授Douglas McGregor 1960年 Paper "The Human Side of Enterprise"， 鼓勵人嘅行為有兩種理論 Theory X and Theory Y. 

Theory X 就係話人嘅本性係唔鍾意做嘢㗎，天生惰性。管理就係話要依賴上司叫下屬做乜，需要 extrinsic reward and threat of punishment 畀條蘿蔔或者用條鞭打，外來嘅獎勵或懲罰，人才會有推動力做嘢。即係出佣金或者派花紅。

Theory Y 就係話人可以從工作得到滿足感，intrinsic reward 發自內心嘅回報， 例如個人嘅出色表現，同埋自己對工作嘅認同，咁就是大推動力。

Theory X and Theory Y 並不是 mutually exclusive (互相排斥)的。如果你能夠好好運用 X 同 Y， 同事們從工作得到滿足感 (Y) ，又能夠得到外來回報 (錢 - X)，相信佢哋推動力會更大。

我自己做商舖基金，除咗純粹炒炒賣賣， 都希望為社會做啲正面嘅事。我哋公司嘅 Mission : Creating Shared Value for Shops 為商舖創造共享價值。即係即使我們買入間舖1000萬，希望沽出2000萬以外， 我都更希望投資者、租客、同事們、公司同個社會都賺到錢， 個雪球才會越滾越大。自己袋晒無意思。

Theory Y - 同事們都先要 buy in 以上信念， Take Pride in the Purpose, 工作才有更大滿足感及推動力。

但只係 Theory Y 嘅 Intrinsic Reward 唔夠，要配合 Theory X 啲 Extrinsic Reward, 例如升職、加薪、出佣、出花紅，才會推動力更大。 

因此我自己公司，獎罰都要好分明。我每季每半年都會出exactly 三成嘅商舖基金管理費收入，放落個 bonus pool，以花紅形式派發畀同事們。有派息就派，咁同事們先同投資者利益一致。但唔係分餅仔，係參考每個同事表現嘅 scorecard， 即係對公司嘅 value chain 貢獻程度: 集資、入貨、執靚間舖、招租、出貨、售後服務，按個人表現同團隊合作性分花紅。 My favorite song ... 大家坐埋同一條船，大家水漲船高。

你呢? 你嘅 Theory X and Theory Y 又點啦? 好似一開頭個故事咁，點令同事們更有動力砌磚仔同互相幫忙呢? 

有興趣聽多啲，就來我六月份最後兩場星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下一集，最後一集，同你分享下，What Strategic Uncertainties Keep You Awake At Night? 公司有冇變數令你夜晚瞓唔著呢? 

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五／六月份早餐分享會 Topic: The Seven Strategy Questions by Harvard Professor Robert Simons 

哈佛分享: 七條做生意策略問題

2012至2014間，我連續三年在哈佛上了 Robert Simons 的堂，畢生受用。我自己成間商舖基金公司都是建基於這本書。

有興趣 sign up la ? 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。

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