這是前些日子爆出已經被加拿大法院接理對藏傳佛教噶舉派法王的訟訴。(加拿大法院鏈接在此:https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/21/09/2021BCSC0939cor1.htm?fbclid=IwAR2FLZlzmUIGTBaTuKPVchEqqngcE3Qy6G_C0TWNWVKa2ksbIYkVJVMQ8f8)
這位法王的桃色事件,我是幾年前才聽到。但,藏傳佛教的高層有這些性醜聞,我已經聽了幾十年。我以前的一位前女友也被一些堪布藉故上她的家摟抱過,也有一些活佛跟她表白。(這不只是她,其他地方我也聽過不少)
這是一個藏傳佛教裡面系統式的問題。
很多時候發生這種事情,信徒和教主往往都是說女方得不到寵而報仇,或者說她們也精神病,或者說她們撒謊。
我不排除有這種可能性,但,多過一位,甚至多位出來指證的時候,我是傾向於相信『沒有那麼巧這麼多有精神病的女人要撒謊來報仇』。
大寶法王的桃色事件,最先吹哨的是一位台灣的在家信徒,第二位是香港的女出家人,現在加拿大又多一位公開舉報上法庭。
對大寶法王信徒來說,這一次的比較麻煩,因為是有孩子的。(關於有孩子的,我早在法王的桃色事件曝光時,就有聽聞)
如果法庭勒令要驗證DNA,這對法王和他的信徒來說,會很尷尬和矛盾,因為做或不做,都死。
你若問我,我覺得『人數是有力量的』,同時我也覺得之後有更多的人站出來,是不出奇的。
我也藉此呼籲各方佛教徒,如果你們真的愛佛教,先別說批判,但如鴕鳥般不討論這些爭議,你是間接害了佛教。
(下面是我從加拿大法院鏈接拷貝下來的內容,當中有很多細節。)
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
F. Delay / Prejudice
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
[1] The claimant applies to amend her notice of family claim to seek spousal support. At issue is whether the claimant’s allegations give rise to a reasonable claim she lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship, so as to give rise to a potential entitlement to spousal support under the Family Law Act, S.B.C. 2011, c. 25 (“FLA”).
[2] The facts alleged by the claimant do not fit within a traditional concept of marriage. The claimant does not allege that she and the respondent ever lived together. Indeed, she has only met the respondent in person four times: twice very briefly in a public setting; a third time in private, when she alleges the respondent sexually assaulted her; and a fourth and final occasion, when she informed the respondent she was pregnant with his child.
[3] The claimant’s case is that what began as a non-consensual sexual encounter evolved into a loving and affectionate relationship. That relationship occurred almost entirely over private text messages. The parties rarely spoke on the telephone, and never saw one another during the relationship, even over video. The claimant says they could not be together because the respondent is forbidden by his station and religious beliefs from intimate relationships or marriage. Nonetheless, she alleges, they formed a marriage-like relationship that lasted from January 2018 to January 2019.
[4] The respondent denies any romantic relationship with the claimant. While he acknowledges providing emotional and financial support to the claimant, he says it was for the benefit of the child the claimant told him was his daughter.
[5] The claimant’s proposed amendment raises a novel question: can a secret relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world be like a marriage? In my view, that question should be answered by a trial judge after hearing all of the evidence. The alleged facts give rise to a reasonable claim the claimant lived with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship. Accordingly, I grant the claimant leave to amend her notice of family claim.
BACKGROUND
[6] It should be emphasized that this is an application to amend pleadings only. The allegations by the claimant are presumed to be true for the purposes of this application. Those allegations have not been tested in a court of law.
[7] The respondent, Ogyen Trinley Dorje, is a high lama of the Karma Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism. He has been recognized and enthroned as His Holiness, the 17th Gyalwang Karmapa. Without meaning any disrespect, I will refer to him as Mr. Dorje in these reasons for judgment.
[8] Mr. Dorje leads a monastic and nomadic lifestyle. His true home is Tibet, but he currently resides in India. He receives followers from around the world at the Gyuto Monetary in India. He also travels the world teaching Tibetan Buddhist Dharma and hosting pujas, ceremonies at which Buddhists express their gratitude and devotion to the Buddha.
[9] The claimant, Vikki Hui Xin Han, is a former nun of Tibetan Buddhism. Ms. Han first encountered Mr. Dorje briefly at a large puja in 2014. The experience of the puja convinced Ms. Han she wanted to become a Buddhist nun. She met briefly with Mr. Dorje, in accordance with Kagyu traditions, to obtain his approval to become a nun.
[10] In October 2016, Ms. Han began a three-year, three-month meditation retreat at a monastery in New York State. Her objective was to learn the practices and teachings of the Kagyu Lineage. Mr. Dorje was present at the retreat twice during the time Ms. Han was at the monastery.
[11] Ms. Han alleges that on October 14, 2017, Mr. Dorje sexually assaulted her in her room at the monastery. She alleges that she became pregnant from the assault.
[12] After she learned that she was pregnant, Ms. Han requested a private audience with Mr. Dorje. In November 2017, in the presence of his bodyguards, Ms. Han informed Mr. Dorje she was pregnant with his child. Mr. Dorje initially denied responsibility; however, he provided Ms. Han with his email address and a cellphone number, and, according to Ms. Han, said he would “prepare some money” for her.
[13] Ms. Han abandoned her plan to become a nun, left the retreat and returned to Canada. She never saw Mr. Dorje again.
[14] After Ms. Han returned to Canada, she and Mr. Dorje began a regular communication over an instant messaging app called Line. They also exchanged emails and occasionally spoke on the telephone.
[15] The parties appear to have expressed care and affection for one another in these communications. I say “appear to” because it is difficult to fully understand the meaning and intentions of another person from brief text messages, especially those originally written in a different language. The parties wrote in a private shorthand, sharing jokes, emojis, cartoon portraits and “hugs” or “kisses”. Ms. Han was the more expressive of the two, writing more frequently and in longer messages. Mr. Dorje generally participated in response to questions or prompting from Ms. Han, sometimes in single word messages.
[16] Ms. Han deposes that she believed Mr. Dorje was in love with her and that, by January 2018, she and Mr. Dorje were living in a “conjugal relationship”.
[17] During their communications, Ms. Han expressed concern that her child would be “illegitimate”. She appears to have asked Mr. Dorje to marry her, and he appears to have responded that he was “not ready”.
[18] Throughout 2018, Mr. Dorje transferred funds in various denominations to Ms. Han through various third parties. Ms. Han deposes that these funds were:
a) $50,000 CDN to deliver the child and for postpartum care she was to receive at a facility in Seattle;
b) $300,000 CDN for the first year of the child’s life;
c) $20,000 USD for a wedding ring, because Ms. Han wrote “Even if we cannot get married, you must buy me a wedding ring”;
d) $400,000 USD to purchase a home for the mother and child.
[19] On June 19, 2018, Ms. Han gave birth to a daughter in Richmond, B.C.
[20] On September 17, 2018, Mr. Dorje wrote, ”Taking care of her and you are my duty for life”.
[21] Ms. Han’s expectation was that the parties would live together in the future. She says they planned to live together. Those plans evolved over time. Initially they involved purchasing a property in Toronto, so that Mr. Dorje could visit when he was in New York. They also discussed purchasing property in Calgary or renting a home in Vancouver for that purpose. Ms. Han eventually purchased a condominium in Richmond using funds provided by Mr. Dorje.
[22] Ms. Han deposes that the parties made plans for Mr. Dorje to visit her and meet the child in Richmond. In October 2018, however, Mr. Dorje wrote that he needed to “disappear” to Europe. He wrote:
I will definitely find a way to meet her
And you
Remember to take care of yourself if something happens
[23] The final plan the parties discussed, according to Ms. Han, was that Mr. Dorje would sponsor Ms. Han and the child to immigrate to the United States and live at the Kagyu retreat centre in New York State.
[24] In January 2019, Ms. Han lost contact with Mr. Dorje.
[25] Ms. Han commenced this family law case on July 17, 2019, seeking child support, a declaration of parentage and a parentage test. She did not seek spousal support.
[26] Ms. Han first proposed a claim for spousal support in October 2020 after a change in her counsel. Following an exchange of correspondence concerning an application for leave to amend the notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s counsel wrote that Ms. Han would not be advancing a spousal support claim. On March 16, 2020, counsel reversed course, and advised that Ms. Han had instructed him to proceed with the application.
[27] When this application came on before me, the trial was set to commence on June 7, 2021. The parties were still in the process of discoveries and obtaining translations for hundreds of pages of documents in Chinese characters.
[28] At a trial management conference on May 6, 2021, noting the parties were not ready to proceed, Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to April 11, 2022.
ANALYSIS
A. The Spousal Support Claim in this Case
[29] To claim spousal support in this case, Ms. Han must plead that she lived with Mr. Dorje in a marriage-like relationship. This is because only “spouses” are entitled to spousal support, and s. 3 of the Family Law Act defines a spouse as a person who is married or has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship:
3 (1) A person is a spouse for the purposes of this Act if the person
(a) is married to another person, or
(b) has lived with another person in a marriage-like relationship, and
(i) has done so for a continuous period of at least 2 years, or
(ii) except in Parts 5 [Property Division] and 6 [Pension Division], has a child with the other person.
[30] Because she alleges she has a child with Mr. Dorje, Ms. Han need not allege that the relationship endured for a continuous period of two years to claim spousal support; but she must allege that she lived in a marriage-like relationship with him at some point in time. Accordingly, she must amend the notice of family claim.
B. The Test to Amend Pleadings
[31] Given that the notice of trial has been served, Ms. Han requires leave of the court to amend the notice of family claim: Supreme Court Family Rule 8-1(1)(b)(i).
[32] A person seeking to amend a notice of family claim must show that there is a reasonable cause of action. This is a low threshold. What the applicant needs to establish is that, if the facts pleaded are proven at trial, they would support a reasonable claim. The applicant’s allegations of fact are assumed to be true for the purposes of this analysis. Cantelon v. Wall, 2015 BCSC 813, at para. 7-8.
[33] The applicant’s delay, the reasons for the delay, and the prejudice to the responding party are also relevant factors. The ultimate consideration is whether it would be just and convenient to allow the amendment. Cantelon, at para. 6, citing Teal Cedar Products Ltd. v. Dale Intermediaries Ltd. et al (1986), 19 B.C.L.R. (3d) 282.
C. Pleadings in Family Law Cases
[34] Supreme Court Family Rules 3-1(1) and 4-1(1) require that a claim to spousal support be pleaded in a notice of family claim in Form F3. Section 2 of Form F3, “Spousal relationship history”, requires a spousal support claimant to check the boxes that apply to them, according to whether they are or have been married or are or have been in a marriage-like relationship. Where a claimant alleges a marriage-like relationship, Form F3 requires that they provide the date on which they began to live together with the respondent in a marriage-like relationship and, where applicable, the date on which they separated. Form F3 does not require a statement of the factual basis for the claim of spousal support.
[35] In this case, Ms. Han seeks to amend the notice of family claim to allege that she and Mr. Dorje began to live in a marriage-like relationship in or around January 2018, and separated in or around January 2019.
[36] An allegation that a person lived with a claimant in a marriage-like relationship is a conclusion of law, not an allegation of fact. Unlike the rules governing pleadings in civil actions, however, the Supreme Court Family Rules do not expressly require family law claimants to plead the material facts in support of conclusions of law.
[37] In other words, there is no express requirement in the Supreme Court Family Rules that Ms. Han plead the facts on which she relies for the allegation she and Mr. Dorje lived in a marriage-like relationship.
[38] Rule 4-6 authorizes a party to demand particulars, and then apply to the court for an order for further and better particulars, of a matter stated in a pleading. However, unless and until she is granted leave and files the proposed amended notice of family claim, Ms. Han’s allegation of a marriage-like relationship is not a matter stated in a pleading.
[39] Ms. Han filed an affidavit in support of her application to amend the notice of family claim. Normally, evidence would not be required or admissible on an application to amend a pleading. However, in the unusual circumstances of this case, the parties agreed I may look to Ms. Han’s affidavit and exhibits for the facts she pleads in support of the allegation of a marriage-like relationship.
[40] Because this is an application to amend - and Ms. Han’s allegations of fact are presumed to be true - I have not considered Mr. Dorje’s responding affidavit.
[41] Relying on affidavit evidence for an application to amend pleadings is less than ideal. It tends to merge and confuse the material facts with the evidence that would be relied on to prove those facts. In a number of places in her affidavit, for example, Ms. Han describes her feelings, impressions and understandings. A person’s hopes and intentions are not normally material facts unless they are mutual or reasonably held. The facts on which Ms. Han alleges she and Mr. Dorje formed a marriage-like relationship are more important for the present purposes than her belief they entered into a conjugal union.
[42] Somewhat unusually, in this case, almost all of the parties’ relevant communications were in writing. This makes it somewhat easier to separate the facts from the evidence; however, as stated above, it is difficult to understand the intentions and actions of a person from brief text messages.
[43] In my view, it would be a good practice for applicants who seek to amend their pleadings in family law cases to provide opposing counsel and the court with a schedule of the material facts on which they rely for the proposed amendment.
D. The Legal Concept of a Marriage-Like Relationship
[44] As Mr. Justice Myers observed in Mother 1 v. Solus Trust Company, 2019 BCSC 200, the concept of a marriage-like relationship is elastic and difficult to define. This elasticity is illustrated by the following passage from Yakiwchuk v. Oaks, 2003 SKQB 124, quoted by Myers J. at para. 133 of Mother 1:
[10] Spousal relationships are many and varied. Individuals in spousal relationships, whether they are married or not, structure their relationships differently. In some relationships there is a complete blending of finances and property - in others, spouses keep their property and finances totally separate and in still others one spouse may totally control those aspects of the relationship with the other spouse having little or no knowledge or input. For some couples, sexual relations are very important - for others, that aspect may take a back seat to companionship. Some spouses do not share the same bed. There may be a variety of reasons for this such as health or personal choice. Some people are affectionate and demonstrative. They show their feelings for their “spouse” by holding hands, touching and kissing in public. Other individuals are not demonstrative and do not engage in public displays of affection. Some “spouses” do everything together - others do nothing together. Some “spouses” vacation together and some spend their holidays apart. Some “spouses” have children - others do not. It is this variation in the way human beings structure their relationships that make the determination of when a “spousal relationship” exists difficult to determine. With married couples, the relationship is easy to establish. The marriage ceremony is a public declaration of their commitment and intent. Relationships outside marriage are much more difficult to ascertain. Rarely is there any type of “public” declaration of intent. Often people begin cohabiting with little forethought or planning. Their motivation is often nothing more than wanting to “be together”. Some individuals have chosen to enter relationships outside marriage because they did not want the legal obligations imposed by that status. Some individuals have simply given no thought as to how their relationship would operate. Often the date when the cohabitation actually began is blurred because people “ease into” situations, spending more and more time together. Agreements between people verifying when their relationship began and how it will operate often do not exist.
[45] In Mother 1, Mr. Justice Myers referred to a list of 22 factors grouped into seven categories, from Maldowich v. Penttinen, (1980), 17 R.F.L. (2d) 376 (Ont. Dist. Ct.), that have frequently been cited in this and other courts for the purpose of determining whether a relationship was marriage-like, at para. 134 of Mother 1:
1. Shelter:
(a) Did the parties live under the same roof?
(b) What were the sleeping arrangements?
(c) Did anyone else occupy or share the available accommodation?
2. Sexual and Personal Behaviour:
(a) Did the parties have sexual relations? If not, why not?
(b) Did they maintain an attitude of fidelity to each other?
(c) What were their feelings toward each other?
(d) Did they communicate on a personal level?
(e) Did they eat their meals together?
(f) What, if anything, did they do to assist each other with problems or during illness?
(g) Did they buy gifts for each other on special occasions?
3. Services:
What was the conduct and habit of the parties in relation to:
(a) preparation of meals;
(b) washing and mending clothes;
(c) shopping;
(d) household maintenance; and
(e) any other domestic services?
4. Social:
(a) Did they participate together or separately in neighbourhood and community activities?
(b) What was the relationship and conduct of each of them toward members of their respective families and how did such families behave towards the parties?
5. Societal:
What was the attitude and conduct of the community toward each of them and as a couple?
6. Support (economic):
(a) What were the financial arrangements between the parties regarding the provision of or contribution toward the necessaries of life (food, clothing, shelter, recreation, etc.)?
(b) What were the arrangements concerning the acquisition and ownership of property?
(c) Was there any special financial arrangement between them which both agreed would be determinant of their overall relationship?
7. Children:
What was the attitude and conduct of the parties concerning children?
[46] In Austin v. Goerz, 2007 BCCA 586, the Court of Appeal cautioned against a “checklist approach”; rather, a court should "holistically" examine all the relevant factors. Cases like Molodowich provide helpful indicators of the sorts of behaviour that society associates with a marital relationship, the Court of Appeal said; however, “the presence or absence of any particular factor cannot be determinative of whether a relationship is marriage-like” (para. 58).
[47] In Weber v. Leclerc, 2015 BCCA 492, the Court of Appeal again affirmed that there is no checklist of characteristics that will be found in all marriages and then concluded with respect to evidence of intentions:
[23] The parties’ intentions – particularly the expectation that the relationship will be of lengthy, indeterminate duration – may be of importance in determining whether a relationship is “marriage-like”. While the court will consider the evidence expressly describing the parties’ intentions during the relationship, it will also test that evidence by considering whether the objective evidence is consonant with those intentions.
[24] The question of whether a relationship is “marriage-like” will also typically depend on more than just their intentions. Objective evidence of the parties’ lifestyle and interactions will also provide direct guidance on the question of whether the relationship was “marriage-like”.
[48] Significantly for this case, the courts have looked to mutual intent in order to find a marriage-like relationship. See, for example, L.E. v. D.J., 2011 BCSC 671 and Buell v. Unger, 2011 BCSC 35; Davey Estate v. Gruyaert, 2005 CarswellBC 3456 at 13 and 35.
[49] In Mother 1, Myers J. concluded his analysis of the law with the following learned comment:
[143] Having canvassed the law relating to the nature of a marriage-like relationship, I will digress to point out the problematic nature of the concept. It may be apparent from the above that determining whether a marriage-like relationship exists sometimes seems like sand running through one's fingers. Simply put, a marriage-like relationship is akin to a marriage without the formality of a marriage. But as the cases mentioned above have noted, people treat their marriages differently and have different conceptions of what marriage entails.
[50] In short, the determination of whether the parties in this case lived in a marriage-like relationship is a fact-specific inquiry that a trial judge would need to make on a “holistic” basis, having regard to all of the evidence. While the trial judge may consider the various factors listed in the authorities, those factors would not be treated as a checklist and no single factor or category of factors would be treated as being decisive.
E. Is There a Reasonable Claim of a Marriage-Like Relationship?
[51] In this case, many of the Molodowich factors are missing:
a) The parties never lived under the same roof. They never slept together. They were never in the same place at the same time during the relationship. The last time they saw each other in person was in November 2017, before the relationship began.
b) The parties never had consensual sex. They did not hug, kiss or hold hands. With the exception of the alleged sexual assault, they never touched one another physically.
c) The parties expressed care and affection for one another, but they rarely shared personal information or interest in their lives outside of their direct topic of communication. They did not write about their families, their friends, their religious beliefs or their work.
d) They expressed concern and support for one another when the other felt unwell or experienced health issues, but they did not provide any care or assistance during illness or other problems.
e) They did not assist one another with domestic chores.
f) They did not share their relationship with their peers or their community. There is no allegation, for example, that Mr. Dorje told his fellow monks or any of his followers about the relationship. There is no allegation that Ms. Han told her friends or any co-workers. Indeed, there is no allegation that anyone, with the exception of Ms. Han’s mother, knew about the relationship. Although Mr. Dorje gave Ms. Han’s mother a gift, he never met the mother and he never spoke to her.
g) They did not intend to have a child together. The child was conceived as a result of a sexual assault. While Mr. Dorje expressed interest in “meeting” the child, he never followed up. He currently has no relationship with the child. There is no allegation he has sought access or parenting arrangements.
[52] The only Molodowich factor of any real relevance in this case is economic support. Mr. Dorje provided the funds with which Ms. Han purchased a condominium. Mr. Dorje initially wrote that he wanted to buy a property with the money, but, he wrote, “It’s the same thing if you buy [it]”.
[53] Mr. Dorje also provided a significant amount of money for Ms. Han’s postpartum care and the child’s first year of life.
[54] This financial support may have been primarily for the benefit of the child. Even the condominium, Ms. Han wrote, was primarily for the benefit of the child.
[55] However, in my view, a trial judge may attach a broader significance to the financial support from Mr. Dorje than child support alone. A trial judge may find that the money Mr. Dorje provided to Ms. Han at her request was an expression of his commitment to her in circumstances in which he could not commit physically. The money and the gifts may be seen by the trial judge to have been a form of down payment by Mr. Dorje on a promise of continued emotional and financial support for Ms. Han, or, in Mr. Dorje’s own words, “Taking care of her and you are my duty for life” (emphasis added).
[56] On the other hand, I find it difficult to attach any particular significance to the fact that Mr. Dorje agreed to provide funds for Ms. Han to purchase a wedding ring. It appears to me that Ms. Han demanded that Mr. Dorje buy her a wedding ring, not that the ring had any mutual meaning to the parties as a marriage symbol. But it is relevant, in my view, that Mr. Dorje provided $20,000 USD to Ms. Han for something she wanted that was of no benefit to the child.
[57] Further, Ms. Han alleges that the parties intended to live together. At a minimum, a trial judge may find that the discussions about where Ms. Han and the child would live reflected a mutual intention of the parties to see one another and spend time together when they could.
[58] Mr. Dorje argues that an intention to live together at some point in the future is not sufficient to show that an existing relationship was marriage-like. He argues that the question of whether the relationship was marriage-like requires more than just intentions, citing Weber, supra.
[59] In my view, the documentary evidence referred to above provides some objective evidence in this case that the parties progressed beyond mere intentions. As stated, the parties appear to have expressed genuine care and affection for one another. They appear to have discussed marriage, trust, honesty, finances, mutual obligations and acquiring family property. These are not matters one would expect Mr. Dorje to discuss with a friend or a follower, or even with the mother of his child, without a marriage-like element of the relationship.
[60] A trial judge may find on the facts alleged by Ms. Han that the parties loved one another and would have lived together, but were unable to do so because of Mr. Dorje’s religious duties and nomadic lifestyle.
[61] The question I raised in the introduction to these reasons is whether a relationship that began on-line and never moved into the physical world can be marriage-like.
[62] Notably, the definition of a spouse in the Family Law Act does not require that the parties live together, only that they live with another person in a marriage-like relationship.
[63] In Connor Estate, 2017 BCSC 978, Mr. Justice Kent found that a couple that maintained two entirely separate households and never lived under the same roof formed a marriage-like relationship. (Connor Estate was decided under the intestacy provisions of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act, S.B.C. 2009, c. 13 ("WESA"), but courts have relied on cases decided under WESA and the FLA interchangeably for their definitions of a spouse.) Mr. Justice Kent found:
[50] The evidence is overwhelming and I find as a fact that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved and cared deeply about each other, and that they had a loving and intimate relationship for over 20 years that was far more than mere friendship or even so-called "friendship with benefits". I accept Mr. Chambers' evidence that he would have liked to share a home with Ms. Connor after the separation from his wife, but was unable to do so because of Ms. Connor's hoarding illness. The evidence amply supports, and I find as a fact, that Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor loved each other, were faithful to each other, communicated with each other almost every day when they were not together, considered themselves to be (and presented themselves to be) "husband and wife" and were accepted by all who knew them as a couple.
[64] Connor Estate may be distinguishable from this case because Mr. Chambers and Ms. Connor were physically intimate for over 20 years, and presented themselves to the world as a married couple.
[65] Other decisions in which a marriage-like relationship has been found to exist despite the parties not living together have involved circumstances in which the couple lived under the same roof at previous points in the relationship, and the issue was whether they continued to be spouses after they took up separate residences: in Thompson v. Floyd, 2001 BCCA 78, the parties had lived together for a period of at least 11 years; in Roach v. Dutra, 2010 BCCA 264, the parties had lived together for approximately three years.
[66] However, as Mr. Justice Kent noted in Connor Estate:
[48] … [W]hile much guidance might be found in this case law, the simple fact is that no two cases are identical (and indeed they usually vary widely) and it is the assessment of evidence as a whole in this particular case which matters.
[67] Mr. Justice Kent concluded:
[53] Like human beings themselves, marriage-like relationships can come in many and various shapes. In this particular case, I have no doubt that such a relationship existed …
[68] As stated, Ms. Han’s claim is novel. It may even be weak. Almost all of the traditional factors are missing. The fact that Ms. Han and Mr. Dorje never lived under the same roof, never shared a bed and never even spent time together in person will militate against a finding they lived with one another in a marriage-like relationship. However, the traditional factors are not a mandatory check-list that confines the “elastic” concept of a marriage-like relationship. And if the COVID pandemic has taught us nothing else, it is that real relationships can form, blossom and end in virtual worlds.
[69] In my view, the merits of Ms. Han’s claim should be decided on the evidence. Subject to an overriding prejudice to Mr. Dorje, she should have leave to amend the notice of family claim. However, she should also provide meaningful particulars of the alleged marriage-like relationship.
F. Delay / Prejudice
[70] Ms. Han filed her notice of family claim on July 17, 2019. She brought this application to amend approximately one year and nine months after she filed the pleading, just over two months before the original trial date.
[71] Ms. Han’s delay was made all that more remarkable by her change in position from January 19, 2021, when she confirmed, through counsel, that she was not seeking spousal support in this case.
[72] Ms. Han gave notice of her intention to proceed with this application to Mr. Dorje on March 16, 2021. By the time the application was heard, the parties had conducted examinations for discovery without covering the issues that would arise from a claim of spousal support.
[73] Also, in April, Ms. Han produced additional documents, primarily text messages, that may be relevant to her claim of spousal support, but were undecipherable to counsel for Mr. Dorje, who does not read Mandarin.
[74] This application proceeded largely on documents selected and translated by counsel for Ms. Han. I was informed that Mandarin translations of the full materials would take 150 days.
[75] Understandably in the circumstances, Mr. Dorje argued that an amendment two months before trial would be neither just nor convenient. He argued that he would be prejudiced by an adjournment so as to allow Ms. Han to advance a late claim of spousal support.
[76] The circumstances changed on May 6, 2021, when Madam Justice Walkem adjourned the trial to July 2022 and reset it for 25 days. Madam Justice Walkem noted that most of the witnesses live internationally and require translators. She also noted that paternity may be in issue, and Mr. Dorje may amend his pleadings to raise that issue. It seems clear that, altogether apart from the potential spousal support claim, the parties were not ready to proceed to trial on June 7, 2021.
[77] In my view, any remaining prejudice to Mr. Dorje is outweighed by the importance of having all of the issues between the parties decided on their merits.
[78] Ms. Han’s delay and changes of position on spousal support may be a matter to de addressed in a future order of costs; but they are not grounds on which to deny her leave to amend the notice of family claim.
CONCLUSION
[79] Ms. Han is granted leave to amend her notice of family claim in the form attached as Appendix A to the notice of application to include a claim for spousal support.
[80] Within 21 days, or such other deadline as the parties may agree, Ms. Han must provide particulars of the marriage-like relationship alleged in the amended notice of family claim.
[81] Ms. Han is entitled to costs of this application in the cause of the spousal support claim.
“Master Elwood”
同時也有70部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過19萬的網紅mimi_channel,也在其Youtube影片中提到,ナイジェリア人と日本人のハーフの小学3年生の女の子、ミーミのチャンネルです❣ミーミのおもしろおかしい日常を楽しんでください😁✨ ◆ミーミちゃんねる登録お願いします(*^-^*) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_5KyCDdZt8Owt-mwFNnQXA?sub_...
「single estate」的推薦目錄:
- 關於single estate 在 江魔的魔界(Kong Keen Yung 江健勇) Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於single estate 在 Evelyn Marieta Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於single estate 在 PassionTimes 熱血時報 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於single estate 在 mimi_channel Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於single estate 在 mimi_channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於single estate 在 mimi_channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於single estate 在 Single Estate Coffee Roasters - Home | Facebook 的評價
single estate 在 Evelyn Marieta Facebook 的最佳解答
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single estate 在 PassionTimes 熱血時報 Facebook 的最佳貼文
【好人經濟限時優惠預告】
聽日好人經濟嘅限時優惠包括:SOT Coffee Roaster嘅咖啡豆套裝、Urban Coffee嘅咖啡豆套裝、Fischen嘅馬拉醬料同埋辣手摧花套裝。
聽日(8/4)中午十二至二,記得留意【好人經濟】
※產品介紹請參閱附加圖片
——————————
熱血時報免費台直播:https://bit.ly/2FFJV1m
好人經濟節目限時優惠:https://bit.ly/33K3qxG
熱血網店:https://bit.ly/3hIvs1H
Zeiton好人經濟專頁:https://bit.ly/3iLI9tP
===============
SOT Coffee Roaster
1.
每月訂購:Drip Bag
※ 訂購期6個月,內容:
- SOT Coffee Roaster - Drip Bag 30包
(口味可選:02 Mild Blend日式柔和口味綜合豆 / Single Origin Decaf)
02 Mild Blend日式柔和口味綜合豆
使用危地馬拉聖阿古斯丁COE 受賞農場的單一來源豆為主調。蘋果、杏、櫻桃口感均衡,帶有苦味、酸度和甜味。口感順滑。隨著溫度變化,可以在甜度中享受蘋果和櫻桃等淡淡的水果味。 餘味香濃,優雅。
Single Origin Decaf
有機低咖啡因咖啡豆 墨西哥 El Triunfo 環境保護組織以有機認證的 山水脫咖啡因加工法 (Mountain Water Process) 去除 99.9% 咖啡因,不使用任何化學溶劑的中焙低咖啡因咖啡。 口味:偏甜,焦糖,黑巧克力,櫻桃
**每月20日前訂購,訂單將於下月10日到港**
熱血Marketplace價:$1980
限時優惠價:$1898
2.
Colombia Roberto Martinez Pink Bourbon 100g
就像法國的波爾多以葡萄酒聞名,哥倫比亞的威拉(Huila)則以粉紅波旁咖啡豆聞名。波旁品種是自然演化的,當普通的咖啡果實要紅透才算成熟,Pink Bourbon 種在淺粉紅色時就成熟了。近年粉紅波旁品種因其花香和水果前衛的風味,而開始受到咖啡業界的重視。我們推薦這款有紅野苺風味酸甜度、朱古力和紅酒韻味的咖啡豆。
熱血Marketplace價:$128
限時優惠價:$122
3. 新產品
Colombia Roberto Martinez Pink Bourbon 200g
就像法國的波爾多以葡萄酒聞名,哥倫比亞的威拉(Huila)則以粉紅波旁咖啡豆聞名。波旁品種是自然演化的,當普通的咖啡果實要紅透才算成熟,Pink Bourbon 種在淺粉紅色時就成熟了。近年粉紅波旁品種因其花香和水果前衛的風味,而開始受到咖啡業界的重視。我們推薦這款有紅野苺風味酸甜度、朱古力和紅酒韻味的咖啡豆。
熱血Marketplace價:$238
限時優惠價:$228
4.
Ethiopia Guji Uraga Gomoro G1 Natural 100g
埃塞俄比亞 古吉烏拉 嘎谷慕拉 G1日曬 100克
兩款埃塞俄比亞豆產地相近,而各有個性。在近年備受注目的新品質產區 Guji,這款日曬豆令人耳目一新的味道,入口可感受到濃厚的檸檬草香氣、水果甜味,而餘韻則偏向朱古力的柔和甜味。
熱血Marketplace價:$98
限時優惠價:$94
5.
Ethiopia Guji Uraga Gomoro G1 Natural 200g
埃塞俄比亞 古吉烏拉 嘎谷慕拉 G1日曬 200克
兩款埃塞俄比亞豆產地相近,而各有個性。在近年備受注目的新品質產區 Guji,這款日曬豆令人耳目一新的味道,入口可感受到濃厚的檸檬草香氣、水果甜味,而餘韻則偏向朱古力的柔和甜味。
熱血Marketplace價:$196
限時優惠價:$188
6.
Ethiopia Araka Natural 100g
埃塞俄比亞 阿拉卡 日曬 100克
業界有名、獲奬無數的「METAD」社出品,有如檸檬茶的優雅香氣,緊隨其後的是柑橘多汁的酸度和蜂蜜般的甜味。
熱血Marketplace價:$98
限時優惠價:$94
7.
Ethiopia Araka Natural 200g
埃塞俄比亞 阿拉卡 日曬 200克
業界有名、獲奬無數的「METAD」社出品,有如檸檬茶的優雅香氣,緊隨其後的是柑橘多汁的酸度和蜂蜜般的甜味。
熱血Marketplace價:$196
限時優惠價:$188
8.
日本Origami摺紙咖啡陶瓷濾杯
套裝包括:
Origami Dripper S
木質杯托
熱血Marketplace價: $270
限時優惠價: $258
9
SOT Coffee Roaster - 洪都拉斯 埃爾·羅布拉 蜜處理 200克
Honduras El Roblar Honey
洪都拉斯 埃爾·羅布拉 蜜處理 200克
2019年洪都拉斯 COE 受獎,平衡而優雅的咖啡,具有持久的光潔度,鮮甜而明亮的酸味、花香、透徹的香氣。水洗的批次在去年已搶購一空,新加入蜜處理的批次,限量發售。
熱血Marketplace價: $196
限時優惠價: $188
10
SOT Coffee - Burundi Kibingo CWS Honey / 布隆迪 Kibingo 蜜處理 200g
產自布隆迪共和國「Kibingo 水洗處理廠」,該廠成立於1986年,位於卡揚扎地區。該地區也被稱為尼羅河的水源,並在1893m的海拔上建造了 Kibingo 水洗處理廠,收集居住在18個相鄰村莊中的大約3500名農民生產的咖啡。2017年此地的出品,獲得了 COE 第一名,得益於高海拔的出色風味和穩定的品質引起了全世界的關注。 中淺烘焙度的蜜處理咖啡豆,像日本梨一樣具有平靜的水果味和豐富感、多汁的口味。 味道:日本梨/桔子
熱血Marketplace價︰$196
限時優惠價︰$188
11.
台灣藝伎豆 50克
2020 New Geisha 台灣藝伎咖啡豆 50克
從台灣雲林咖啡莊園直接輸入、五次台灣冠軍、
在 2020 年 8 月更新的美國 CQI 評分勇奪世界第一、
CoffeeReview 94 分、充滿水果香氣的「藝伎」咖啡豆。
熱血Marketplace價︰$188
限時優惠價︰$180
12
台灣藝伎豆 100克
2020 New Geisha 台灣藝伎咖啡豆 100克
從台灣雲林咖啡莊園直接輸入、五次台灣冠軍、
在 2020 年 8 月更新的美國 CQI 評分勇奪世界第一、
CoffeeReview 94 分、充滿水果香氣的「藝伎」咖啡豆。
熱血Marketplace價︰$360
限時優惠價︰$350
13
SOT Coffee - 02 Mild Blend 日式柔和口味綜合豆 Drip Bag(30包)
使用危地馬拉聖阿古斯丁COE 受賞農場的單一來源豆為主調。蘋果、杏、櫻桃口感均衡,帶有苦味、酸度和甜味。口感順滑。隨著溫度變化,可以在甜度中享受蘋果和櫻桃等淡淡的水果味。 餘味香濃,優雅。
熱血Marketplace價︰$400
限時優惠價︰$380
14
Single Origin Decaf 低咖啡因咖啡豆Drip Bag(30包)
Single Origin Decaf
有機低咖啡因咖啡豆 墨西哥 El Triunfo 環境保護組織以有機認證的 山水脫咖啡因加工法 (Mountain Water Process) 去除 99.9% 咖啡因,不使用任何化學溶劑的中焙低咖啡因咖啡。 口味:偏甜,焦糖,黑巧克力,櫻桃
熱血Marketplace價︰$400
限時優惠價︰$380
15
每月訂購:House Blend +每月精選豆
※ 訂購期6個月,內容:
- SOT Coffee Roaster - House Blend 咖啡豆 100克
(口味4選1:01/02/03/Single Origin Decaf)
- 每月咖啡師精選咖啡豆 100克
(每月 各1包)
※ 產品介紹:
01 Espresso Blend 意式咖啡綜合豆
巴西豆為主的中焙,為店內供應 Espresso 和 Latte 調製的 Espresso Blend,濃厚的 crema 適合 Latte Art 愛好者。 因為有濃厚的 crema 關係,建議配合適當的抽出器具使用。 口味:果仁及朱古力
02 Mild Blend 日式柔和口味綜合豆
使用危地馬拉聖阿古斯丁COE 受賞農場的單一來源豆為主調。蘋果、杏、櫻桃口感均衡,帶有苦味、酸度和甜味。口感順滑。隨著溫度變化,可以在甜度中享受蘋果和櫻桃等淡淡的水果味。 餘味香濃,優雅。
03 Dark Blend 深烘焙口味綜合豆
哥倫比亞咖啡豆,加入印尼蘇門答臘曼特寧, 強而有力深度咖啡,每天提神醒腦,更新後更有後勁
Single Origin Decaf
有機低咖啡因咖啡豆 墨西哥 El Triunfo 環境保護組織以有機認證的 山水脫咖啡因加工法 (Mountain Water Process) 去除 99.9% 咖啡因,不使用任何化學溶劑的中焙低咖啡因咖啡。 口味:偏甜,焦糖,黑巧克力,櫻桃
**每月20日前訂購,訂單將於下月10日到港**
熱血Marketplace價︰$990
限時優惠價︰$970
16
SOT Coffee - 每月訂購:House Blend
※ 訂購期6個月,內容:
- SOT Coffee Roaster - House Blend 咖啡豆 200克
(口味4選1:01/02/03/Single Origin Decaf)
(每月 1包)
※ 產品介紹:
01 Espresso Blend 意式咖啡綜合豆
巴西豆為主的中焙,為店內供應 Espresso 和 Latte 調製的 Espresso Blend,濃厚的 crema 適合 Latte Art 愛好者。 因為有濃厚的 crema 關係,建議配合適當的抽出器具使用。 口味:果仁及朱古力
02 Mild Blend 日式柔和口味綜合豆
使用危地馬拉聖阿古斯丁COE 受賞農場的單一來源豆為主調。蘋果、杏、櫻桃口感均衡,帶有苦味、酸度和甜味。口感順滑。隨著溫度變化,可以在甜度中享受蘋果和櫻桃等淡淡的水果味。 餘味香濃,優雅。
03 Dark Blend 深烘焙口味綜合豆
哥倫比亞咖啡豆,加入印尼蘇門答臘曼特寧, 強而有力深度咖啡,每天提神醒腦,更新後更有後勁
Single Origin Decaf
有機低咖啡因咖啡豆 墨西哥 El Triunfo 環境保護組織以有機認證的 山水脫咖啡因加工法 (Mountain Water Process) 去除 99.9% 咖啡因,不使用任何化學溶劑的中焙低咖啡因咖啡。 口味:偏甜,焦糖,黑巧克力,櫻桃
熱血Marketplace價︰$546
限時優惠價︰$536
**每月20日前訂購,訂單將於下月10日到港**
===============
Urban Coffee
1.
Jumbo Jet 併 Goodies Espresso Blend咖啡豆套裝
Goodies Espresso Blend 200g
Jumbo Jet Espresso Blend 200g
熱血Marketplace價:$276
限時優惠價:$268
2.
UCR 2021年春季Drip Bag套裝
UCR Coffee Drip Bag Series Work Day Pack (Drip Bag x 44)
*隨機混合三款指定口味
熱血Marketplace價:$396
限時優惠價:$388
3.
Auction Lot Series 競標批次系列咖啡豆套裝
#29 Panama Savage Coffees 2020 Speciality Coffee Auction Lot 22A Geisha Parabolic 100g
巴拿馬 Savage Coffees 2020 Speciality Coffee 22A 號競標批次 二氧化碳浸漬日晒處理 PARABOLIC 瑰夏
#39 Ethiopia Gesha Village Coffee Estate Pride of Gesha 2020 Auction Lot GVA.7 Surma Block Gesha 1931 100g
埃塞俄比亞 瑰夏村 Pride of Gesha 2020 GVA.7 競標批次 Gesha1931種 Surma 地塊 蜜處理
熱血Marketplace價:$346
限時優惠價:$338
4.
Exotic Flavor Series 特別風味系列咖啡豆套裝
#110 Colombia Cauca Finca El Paraiso Double Anaerobic Flor Lichi 200g
#110 哥倫比亞 考卡省 天堂莊園 雙重厭氧 豔夏花荔 200g
#109 Colombia Cauca Finca El Paraiso Double Anaerobic Rosa Té 200g
#109 哥倫比亞 考卡省 天堂莊園 雙重厭氧 玫瑰茶 200g
熱血Marketplace價:$356
限時優惠價:$348
===============
Fischen
1.
惹味馬拉特色醬料 (5選2)
可選以下 兩款 醬料:
蝦王辣醬 250g
乾咖哩醬 250g
海南雞飯醬 250g
脆口香辣蝦米醬 250g
脆口香辣銀魚醬 250g
熱血Marketplace價︰$170
限時優惠價︰$158
2.
惹味馬拉特色醬料 - 蝦王辣醬 250g
熱血Marketplace價︰$85
限時優惠價︰$79
3.
惹味馬拉特色醬料 - 乾咖哩醬 250g
熱血Marketplace價︰$85
限時優惠價︰$79
4.
惹味馬拉特色醬料 - 海南雞飯醬 250g
熱血Marketplace價︰$85
限時優惠價︰$79
5.
惹味馬拉特色醬料 - 脆口香辣蝦米醬 250g
熱血Marketplace價︰$85
限時優惠價︰$79
6.
惹味馬拉特色醬料 - 脆口香辣銀魚醬 250g
熱血Marketplace價︰$85
限時優惠價︰$79
7.
辣手摧花醬料套裝
套裝包括:
辣手摧花 - 手炒櫻花蝦椒麻油(少少辣) 一樽 120g
辣手摧花 - 手炒櫻花蝦椒麻油(正常辣) 一樽 120g
辣手摧花 - 手炒櫻花蝦椒麻油(好撚辣) 一樽 120g
少少辣
用嘅係辣度少於 𝟮𝟱,𝟬𝟬𝟬 嘅 #指天椒 同埋紅椒,取其香味而不取其辣度,令到櫻花蝦嘅油香能夠發揮到極致
正常辣
梗係畀鍾意有啲刺激感,但又唔好太 over 嘅正常食辣愛好者啦,辣度大約係譚仔小辣左右嘅辣度
分別用咗三款約 𝟭𝟬𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 - 𝟮𝟱𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 辣度嘅辣椒製成,帶出辣味同埋果實嘅香氣!
正常辣嘅辣度同蝦香最為平均,既有辣椒嘅刺激感嘅同時,亦有 #櫻花蝦 帶嚟濃郁嘅鮮味!
好撚辣
好多客人買完好撚辣返屋企,都話食咗一隻櫻花蝦,已經開始心跳冒汗,辣到要即時灌水,飲牛奶,更加有人話佢辣到流鼻血!
點解可以咁撚辣?皆因我哋用咗辣度 有1,000,000 嘅涮涮椒,係被譽為全球第二辣嘅辣椒! 食落口嘅辣度大概就係譚仔特辣 左右!
熱血Marketplace價︰$348
限時優惠價︰$338
8.
品鱻 – 清酒品嚐班
日期:2021年4月30日 (星期五)
時間:晚上7時正
菜單
刺身 - Josephine 生蠔 、牡丹蝦、帶子
冷盤 - 海膽豆腐
炸物 - 唐揚炸鷄
串燒 - 安格斯金三角、蒲燒鰻魚、香烤鷄翼
甜品 - 水果蛋糕
熱血Marketplace價︰$1500
限時優惠價︰$1300
single estate 在 mimi_channel Youtube 的最佳解答
ナイジェリア人と日本人のハーフの小学3年生の女の子、ミーミのチャンネルです❣ミーミのおもしろおかしい日常を楽しんでください😁✨
◆ミーミちゃんねる登録お願いします(*^-^*)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_5KyCDdZt8Owt-mwFNnQXA?sub_confirmation=1
◆ミーミのLINEスタンプはコチラ😁✨
https://store.line.me/stickershop/product/7781686
◆ママのチャンネルはこちら
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1XnhOkUzFLcGuh4oGKvtRQ?sub_confirmation=1
【ミーミへファンレターの宛先・問い合わせ先】
チャンネルの概要欄に記載してありますので、そちらからご確認をお願いします!
◆ミーミのInstagram
https://www.instagram.com/mimichannel_7/
◆ミーミのTik Tok
http://vt.tiktok.com/JaKjRy/
#ミーミちゃんねる
◆過去のアップロード(再生リスト)はこちらから◆
★ほのぼの日常(DAILY LIFE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZAGec7WuAO63DtAe64jO3m
★ミーミのヘアアレンジ(HAIR STYLE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALao2BCE0hrXZ4891k2H_c3r
★買い放題・限定シリーズ(shopping)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ8CpLchuuhR1G10UQS94c9
★食べる&お料理をするミーミ(EATING&COOKING)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALbtrk6b-2zzizfCHh_7ZZ-l
★学校・お勉強のこと(SCHOOL&STUDY)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALaD514EQ3n6ryosKXC7GyLU
★ミーミ軍曹シリーズ(DRAMA&MOVIE SHOW)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALY1meAak_FuHFsJjnNG95jd
★リカちゃんと工作【ミーミ工房】(DIY CRAFT)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZqG8ns_AwvB55dDOzcb81P
★ミーミ大工シリーズ(KID'S CARPENTER)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZZAdJlBfaQ-XF1on_Wnb_t
★幼いころのミーミ( CHILDHOOOD)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ27l99zRca_wQ9h1-LB_gp
★運動(スポーツ)をするミーミ(SPORTS)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZeJY1wyt0twuuUXRehHkBm
★質問コーナー(QUESTION CORNER)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALa-8ikRmWHamELuEGn5AjRY
★ドッキリ(PRANK)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALa1TeIh0gqhARKP0MoRyIpv
★ピアノを弾くミーミ (PIANO)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZvsre9mOrTWlhlKB_YM7sN
★メディアに出たミーミ (MEDIA)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ2ryzPaJ5qMDdHX7oYG1dI
★ハムスター&ザリガニ (HAMSTER&CRAYFISH)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALY8RyYH1WIFJ3vG62I4UiqG
★ミーミの体験シリーズ(EXPERIENCE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZrZWnJtsrShsolxRnU37Cx
★ファッションとミーミ(FASHION)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZNkdF8V3wGsX0nYva9uxEv
★お祝いシリーズ(CELEBRATION)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ3y02OIRvomWSQ4asv8pxg
(Greetings from Mimi)
Hello everybody! My name is Mimi and this is my channel Mimi Channel! I am 9 years old, I live in Japan, and I have a really cool back-story. My Father is from Nigeria and my Mother is from Japan so I was born mixed! I would LOVE it if you could watch my videos and hang out with me and my Mom. Let’s have some fun, and hey, if you enjoy my videos please subscribe to my channel!
(Greetings From Mimi’s Mother)
Hello everyone, please allow me to introduce myself! I am Mimi’s mother and I manage the channel personally. On this channel we would like to give each of you a peek into Mimi’s daily shenanigans, and it would make us both very happy if you could find these videos enjoyable enough to laugh along! Trust me, Mimi is quite funny. (February 2019)
(A Word for the Viewers)
Your comments mean the world to Mimi and I, and we are always very grateful to read them. I read every single comment one by one! Your comments motivate us and encourage us to continue our Youtube channel. So please continue to comment and support us and from this moment forward, we will continue to do our absolute best! Thank you all so very much. -Mimi’s Mother
【Please send Fan-Letters and Art】 to:
3-6-28 Aobadai Meguro-ku, Tokyo
Sumitomo Real Estate Aobadai Tower 2F
〒153-0042 To Kii (mimichannel)
And follow us on:
LINE-http://nav.cx/fKhUkLW and Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mimichannel_7/
And Support us on:
Patreon-https://www.patreon.com/user?u=25380107
[Un saludo desde Mim]
Hola a todos leyendo esto! ¡Mi nombre es Mimi y este es mi canal de Youtube "Mimi Channel"! Tengo 9 años y vivo en Japón. Mi historia es especial de donde soy porque nací mezclado. ¡Mi padre es de Nigeria y mi madre es de Japón! Me ENCANTARÍA si pudieras ver mis videos y reír y jugar conmigo y mi madre. Muy bien, divirtámonos juntos, y si te gustan mis videos, ¡suscríbete a mi canal!
[Saludos de la Madre de Mimi]
Saludos cordiales y lo mejor del día para todos. ¡Por favor, permítame presentarme! Soy la madre de Mimi y administro el canal personalmente. En este canal, nos gustaría echar un vistazo a la vida cotidiana de Mimi e incluso a algunas bromas. ¡Nos haría muy felices si pudieras encontrar estos videos lo suficientemente entretenidos como para reírte con nosotros! Confía en mí, Mimi es bastante divertida. (Febrero 2019)
[Algunas Palabras para nuestra Audiencia]
¡Tus comentarios significan más Mimi y yo de lo que podríamos decir! Siempre estamos muy agradecidos de leerlos. ¡Leí cada comentario uno por uno! Sus comentarios vigorizan e inspiran a Mimi y a mí a seguir haciendo videos aquí en este canal de YouTube.
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nXPKuKLDdmU/hqdefault.jpg)
single estate 在 mimi_channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
ナイジェリア人と日本人のハーフの小学3年生の女の子、ミーミのチャンネルです❣ミーミのおもしろおかしい日常を楽しんでください😁✨
◆ミーミちゃんねる登録お願いします(*^-^*)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_5KyCDdZt8Owt-mwFNnQXA?sub_confirmation=1
◆ミーミのLINEスタンプはコチラ😁✨
https://store.line.me/stickershop/product/7781686
◆ママのチャンネルはこちら
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1XnhOkUzFLcGuh4oGKvtRQ?sub_confirmation=1
【ミーミへファンレターの宛先・問い合わせ先】
チャンネルの概要欄に記載してありますので、そちらからご確認をお願いします!
◆ミーミのInstagram
https://www.instagram.com/mimichannel_7/
◆ミーミのTik Tok
http://vt.tiktok.com/JaKjRy/
#ミーミちゃんねる
◆過去のアップロード(再生リスト)はこちらから◆
★ほのぼの日常(DAILY LIFE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZAGec7WuAO63DtAe64jO3m
★ミーミのヘアアレンジ(HAIR STYLE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALao2BCE0hrXZ4891k2H_c3r
★買い放題・限定シリーズ(shopping)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ8CpLchuuhR1G10UQS94c9
★食べる&お料理をするミーミ(EATING&COOKING)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALbtrk6b-2zzizfCHh_7ZZ-l
★学校・お勉強のこと(SCHOOL&STUDY)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALaD514EQ3n6ryosKXC7GyLU
★ミーミ軍曹シリーズ(DRAMA&MOVIE SHOW)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALY1meAak_FuHFsJjnNG95jd
★リカちゃんと工作【ミーミ工房】(DIY CRAFT)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZqG8ns_AwvB55dDOzcb81P
★ミーミ大工シリーズ(KID'S CARPENTER)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZZAdJlBfaQ-XF1on_Wnb_t
★幼いころのミーミ( CHILDHOOOD)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ27l99zRca_wQ9h1-LB_gp
★運動(スポーツ)をするミーミ(SPORTS)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZeJY1wyt0twuuUXRehHkBm
★質問コーナー(QUESTION CORNER)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALa-8ikRmWHamELuEGn5AjRY
★ドッキリ(PRANK)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALa1TeIh0gqhARKP0MoRyIpv
★ピアノを弾くミーミ (PIANO)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZvsre9mOrTWlhlKB_YM7sN
★メディアに出たミーミ (MEDIA)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ2ryzPaJ5qMDdHX7oYG1dI
★ハムスター&ザリガニ (HAMSTER&CRAYFISH)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALY8RyYH1WIFJ3vG62I4UiqG
★ミーミの体験シリーズ(EXPERIENCE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZrZWnJtsrShsolxRnU37Cx
★ファッションとミーミ(FASHION)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZNkdF8V3wGsX0nYva9uxEv
★お祝いシリーズ(CELEBRATION)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ3y02OIRvomWSQ4asv8pxg
(Greetings from Mimi)
Hello everybody! My name is Mimi and this is my channel Mimi Channel! I am 9 years old, I live in Japan, and I have a really cool back-story. My Father is from Nigeria and my Mother is from Japan so I was born mixed! I would LOVE it if you could watch my videos and hang out with me and my Mom. Let’s have some fun, and hey, if you enjoy my videos please subscribe to my channel!
(Greetings From Mimi’s Mother)
Hello everyone, please allow me to introduce myself! I am Mimi’s mother and I manage the channel personally. On this channel we would like to give each of you a peek into Mimi’s daily shenanigans, and it would make us both very happy if you could find these videos enjoyable enough to laugh along! Trust me, Mimi is quite funny. (February 2019)
(A Word for the Viewers)
Your comments mean the world to Mimi and I, and we are always very grateful to read them. I read every single comment one by one! Your comments motivate us and encourage us to continue our Youtube channel. So please continue to comment and support us and from this moment forward, we will continue to do our absolute best! Thank you all so very much. -Mimi’s Mother
【Please send Fan-Letters and Art】 to:
3-6-28 Aobadai Meguro-ku, Tokyo
Sumitomo Real Estate Aobadai Tower 2F
〒153-0042 To Kii (mimichannel)
And follow us on:
LINE-http://nav.cx/fKhUkLW and Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mimichannel_7/
And Support us on:
Patreon-https://www.patreon.com/user?u=25380107
[Un saludo desde Mim]
Hola a todos leyendo esto! ¡Mi nombre es Mimi y este es mi canal de Youtube "Mimi Channel"! Tengo 9 años y vivo en Japón. Mi historia es especial de donde soy porque nací mezclado. ¡Mi padre es de Nigeria y mi madre es de Japón! Me ENCANTARÍA si pudieras ver mis videos y reír y jugar conmigo y mi madre. Muy bien, divirtámonos juntos, y si te gustan mis videos, ¡suscríbete a mi canal!
[Saludos de la Madre de Mimi]
Saludos cordiales y lo mejor del día para todos. ¡Por favor, permítame presentarme! Soy la madre de Mimi y administro el canal personalmente. En este canal, nos gustaría echar un vistazo a la vida cotidiana de Mimi e incluso a algunas bromas. ¡Nos haría muy felices si pudieras encontrar estos videos lo suficientemente entretenidos como para reírte con nosotros! Confía en mí, Mimi es bastante divertida. (Febrero 2019)
[Algunas Palabras para nuestra Audiencia]
¡Tus comentarios significan más Mimi y yo de lo que podríamos decir! Siempre estamos muy agradecidos de leerlos. ¡Leí cada comentario uno por uno! Sus comentarios vigorizan e inspiran a Mimi y a mí a seguir haciendo videos aquí en este canal de YouTube.
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/VvvvBKD1Wp8/hqdefault.jpg)
single estate 在 mimi_channel Youtube 的最佳貼文
ナイジェリア人と日本人のハーフの小学3年生の女の子、ミーミのチャンネルです❣ミーミのおもしろおかしい日常を楽しんでください😁✨
◆ミーミちゃんねる登録お願いします(*^-^*)
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_5KyCDdZt8Owt-mwFNnQXA?sub_confirmation=1
◆ミーミのLINEスタンプはコチラ😁✨
https://store.line.me/stickershop/product/7781686
◆ママのチャンネルはこちら
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1XnhOkUzFLcGuh4oGKvtRQ?sub_confirmation=1
【ミーミへファンレターの宛先・問い合わせ先】
チャンネルの概要欄に記載してありますので、そちらからご確認をお願いします!
◆ミーミのInstagram
https://www.instagram.com/mimichannel_7/
◆ミーミのTik Tok
http://vt.tiktok.com/JaKjRy/
#ミーミちゃんねる
◆過去のアップロード(再生リスト)はこちらから◆
★ほのぼの日常(DAILY LIFE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZAGec7WuAO63DtAe64jO3m
★ミーミのヘアアレンジ(HAIR STYLE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALao2BCE0hrXZ4891k2H_c3r
★買い放題・限定シリーズ(shopping)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ8CpLchuuhR1G10UQS94c9
★食べる&お料理をするミーミ(EATING&COOKING)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALbtrk6b-2zzizfCHh_7ZZ-l
★学校・お勉強のこと(SCHOOL&STUDY)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALaD514EQ3n6ryosKXC7GyLU
★ミーミ軍曹シリーズ(DRAMA&MOVIE SHOW)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALY1meAak_FuHFsJjnNG95jd
★リカちゃんと工作【ミーミ工房】(DIY CRAFT)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZqG8ns_AwvB55dDOzcb81P
★ミーミ大工シリーズ(KID'S CARPENTER)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZZAdJlBfaQ-XF1on_Wnb_t
★幼いころのミーミ( CHILDHOOOD)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ27l99zRca_wQ9h1-LB_gp
★運動(スポーツ)をするミーミ(SPORTS)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZeJY1wyt0twuuUXRehHkBm
★質問コーナー(QUESTION CORNER)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALa-8ikRmWHamELuEGn5AjRY
★ドッキリ(PRANK)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALa1TeIh0gqhARKP0MoRyIpv
★ピアノを弾くミーミ (PIANO)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZvsre9mOrTWlhlKB_YM7sN
★メディアに出たミーミ (MEDIA)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ2ryzPaJ5qMDdHX7oYG1dI
★ハムスター&ザリガニ (HAMSTER&CRAYFISH)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALY8RyYH1WIFJ3vG62I4UiqG
★ミーミの体験シリーズ(EXPERIENCE)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZrZWnJtsrShsolxRnU37Cx
★ファッションとミーミ(FASHION)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZNkdF8V3wGsX0nYva9uxEv
★お祝いシリーズ(CELEBRATION)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYNvGt9LPALZ3y02OIRvomWSQ4asv8pxg
(Greetings from Mimi)
Hello everybody! My name is Mimi and this is my channel Mimi Channel! I am 9 years old, I live in Japan, and I have a really cool back-story. My Father is from Nigeria and my Mother is from Japan so I was born mixed! I would LOVE it if you could watch my videos and hang out with me and my Mom. Let’s have some fun, and hey, if you enjoy my videos please subscribe to my channel!
(Greetings From Mimi’s Mother)
Hello everyone, please allow me to introduce myself! I am Mimi’s mother and I manage the channel personally. On this channel we would like to give each of you a peek into Mimi’s daily shenanigans, and it would make us both very happy if you could find these videos enjoyable enough to laugh along! Trust me, Mimi is quite funny. (February 2019)
(A Word for the Viewers)
Your comments mean the world to Mimi and I, and we are always very grateful to read them. I read every single comment one by one! Your comments motivate us and encourage us to continue our Youtube channel. So please continue to comment and support us and from this moment forward, we will continue to do our absolute best! Thank you all so very much. -Mimi’s Mother
【Please send Fan-Letters and Art】 to:
3-6-28 Aobadai Meguro-ku, Tokyo
Sumitomo Real Estate Aobadai Tower 2F
〒153-0042 To Kii (mimichannel)
And follow us on:
LINE-http://nav.cx/fKhUkLW and Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mimichannel_7/
And Support us on:
Patreon-https://www.patreon.com/user?u=25380107
[Un saludo desde Mim]
Hola a todos leyendo esto! ¡Mi nombre es Mimi y este es mi canal de Youtube "Mimi Channel"! Tengo 9 años y vivo en Japón. Mi historia es especial de donde soy porque nací mezclado. ¡Mi padre es de Nigeria y mi madre es de Japón! Me ENCANTARÍA si pudieras ver mis videos y reír y jugar conmigo y mi madre. Muy bien, divirtámonos juntos, y si te gustan mis videos, ¡suscríbete a mi canal!
[Saludos de la Madre de Mimi]
Saludos cordiales y lo mejor del día para todos. ¡Por favor, permítame presentarme! Soy la madre de Mimi y administro el canal personalmente. En este canal, nos gustaría echar un vistazo a la vida cotidiana de Mimi e incluso a algunas bromas. ¡Nos haría muy felices si pudieras encontrar estos videos lo suficientemente entretenidos como para reírte con nosotros! Confía en mí, Mimi es bastante divertida. (Febrero 2019)
[Algunas Palabras para nuestra Audiencia]
¡Tus comentarios significan más Mimi y yo de lo que podríamos decir! Siempre estamos muy agradecidos de leerlos. ¡Leí cada comentario uno por uno! Sus comentarios vigorizan e inspiran a Mimi y a mí a seguir haciendo videos aquí en este canal de YouTube.
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/uwLBgwaRKRQ/hqdefault.jpg)
single estate 在 Single Estate Coffee Roasters - Home | Facebook 的推薦與評價
Single Estate Coffee Roasters. 1867 likes · 1 talking about this · 93 were here. Single Estate Coffee importeert, brandt en levert hoge kwaliteit koffie... ... <看更多>