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在south korea political system這個產品中，有4篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過3萬的網紅Fernando Chiu-hung Cheung 張超雄，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， //Once again, a deer has become a horse. Mainland Chinese consumers boycotting Australian products is called free choice. Hong Kong protesters boycot...

south korea political system 在 Fernando Chiu-hung Cheung 張超雄 Facebook 的精選貼文

Fernando Chiu-hung Cheung 張超雄 By Fernando Chiu-hung Cheung 張超雄

2020-05-07 23:35:30 有 11 人按讚
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//Once again, a deer has become a horse. Mainland Chinese consumers boycotting Australian products is called free choice. Hong Kong protesters boycotting pro-government businesses but supporting restaurants sympathetic to their cause is called violating free market principles.

China is, in fact, the global king in abusing free market rules. Time and again it has weaponized its economy to achieve political aims. It banned Norwegian salmon for years when Norway awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to human rights activist Liu Xiaobo in 2010.

Beijing restricted tourists to South Korea, and fanned a consumer boycott of South Korean products, after Seoul allowed a US missile defense system in the country. China weaponized tourism to punish Taiwan when Tsai Ing-wen won the presidency. Japan has also faced similar nationalistic wrath by Chinese consumers.

Hong Kong’s yellow economy pales in comparison to China’s use of its economy as a political weapon. There is an English idiom to describe the liaison office’s criticism of the yellow economy when China itself habitually abuses free market principles: “People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones”. I urge the liaison office to study this idiom.//

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極權要將反對聲音趕盡殺絕，把基層弱勢推往絕境。 我們要讓被隱形的人被看見，讓被忽略的重新得到正視。 哪裡有不公義，那裡就是我們與弱勢同行的戰場。
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south korea political system 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答

Eric's English Lounge By Eric's English Lounge

2020-04-08 20:03:31 有 315 人按讚
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[時事英文] 疫情下各國強化監控，健康與隱私不可兼得？
　
It is essential that the government enact measures to keep us safe and healthy. At the same time, we need a framework that prevents governments and companies from overstepping their bounds. How much data should they collect? How should measures be enforced? Are these measures temporary and limited to times of crisis? These are questions we need to think about now.
　
1、enact measures 實行措施
2、overstep the bounds 超出界線*
3、temporary measures 臨時的措施
　
政府必須採取措施以保障我們的安全與健康。同時，我們需要一個框架，以確保政府與公司不會踰越他們的界線。他們該搜集多少資料？該如何執行措施？ 這些措施是臨時性的並僅限於危機時期嗎？這些是我們現在需要思考的問題。
　
*overstep the bounds: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/overstep-the-limits-bounds-boundaries
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
紐約時報報導：
　
In South Korea, government agencies are harnessing surveillance-camera footage, smartphone location data and credit card purchase records to help trace the recent movements of coronavirus patients and establish virus transmission chains. In Lombardy, Italy, the authorities are analyzing location data transmitted by citizens’ mobile phones to determine how many people are obeying a government lockdown order and the typical distances they move every day. About 40 percent are moving around “too much,” an official recently said. In Israel, the country’s internal security agency is poised to start using a cache of mobile phone location data — originally intended for counterterrorism operations — to try to pinpoint citizens who may have been exposed to the virus.
　
4、harness 控制；利用
5、transmission chain 傳播鏈
6、be poised to 隨時準備著
7、counterterrorism operation 反恐任務
8、a cache of ⋯⋯一批(隱藏的)...
9、pinpoint 精準指出；確定位置（或時間）；準確描述
　
在韓國，政府機構正在利用監控影像、智慧型手機的定位數據和信用卡消費記錄來幫助追蹤冠狀病毒患者的近期活動，並確立病毒傳播鏈。在義大利倫巴底，當局正在分析市民手機傳送的定位數據，以確定有多少人遵守政府的封鎖令，以及他們每天通常行走的距離。一位官員最近說，大約有４０％的人走動得「太多」。在以色列，國內安全部門準備開始使用手機定位數據的暫存－－最初是用於反恐行動－－以精確尋找可能已感染該病毒的國民。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Yet ratcheting up surveillance to combat the pandemic now could permanently open the doors to more invasive forms of snooping later. It is a lesson Americans learned after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, civil liberties experts say. Nearly two decades later, law enforcement agencies have access to higher-powered surveillance systems, like fine-grained location tracking and facial recognition — technologies that may be repurposed to further political agendas like anti-immigration policies. Civil liberties experts warn that the public has little recourse to challenge these digital exercises of state power.
　
10、open the doors to 為⋯⋯打開大門
11、civil liberties experts 公民自由專家
12、fine-grained 細緻的；精細的；細顆粒的
13、location tracking 定位追蹤
14、facial recognition 臉部辨識
15、repurpose 重新利用；改變……的用途；為……找到新用途
16、political agenda 政治議題
17、anti-immigration policies 反移民政策
18、recourse 追索權
19、digital exercise of ⋯⋯的數位行動
20、state power 國家的權力
　
然而，為了對抗現在的全球性流行病加強監控，可能會為今後進行更具侵入性的竊聽打開永久的大門。公民自由專家說，這是美國人在２００１年９月１１日恐怖攻擊後學到的教訓。９１１事件發生近二十年後，執法機構如今掌握著更強大的監控系統，例如細緻精確的定位追蹤和臉部辨識－－這些技術可能會被重新用於反移民政策等進一步的政治議題。公民自由專家警告，公眾幾乎沒有辦法挑戰這些由國家實施的數位行動。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In hundreds of cities in China, the government is requiring citizens to use software on their phones that automatically classifies each person with a color code — red, yellow or green — indicating contagion risk. The software determines which people should be quarantined or permitted to enter public places like subways. But officials have not explained how the system makes such decisions, and citizens have felt powerless to challenge it.
　
21、indicate 指出；表明
22、contagion risk 感染風險
23、quarantine 隔離；檢疫
　
在中國的數百個城市，政府要求市民在手機上使用一種軟體，可以自動用顏色代碼－－紅、黃、綠－－給每個人分類，以顯示感染風險。這個軟體決定哪些人應該被隔離，或是可以進入地鐵等公共場所。但官員們並沒有解釋系統如何做出這樣的決定，市民們也覺得無力挑戰它。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In Singapore, the Ministry of Health has posted information online about each coronavirus patient, often in stunning detail, including relationships to other patients. The idea is to warn individuals who may have crossed paths with them, as well as alert the public to potentially infected locations. On Friday, Singapore also introduced a smartphone app for citizens to help the authorities locate people who may have been exposed to the virus. The app, called TraceTogether, uses Bluetooth signals to detect mobile phones that are nearby. If an app user later tests positive for the virus, the health authorities may examine the data logs from the app to find people who crossed their paths. A government official said the app preserved privacy by not revealing users’ identities to one another.
　
24、stunning detail 驚人的細節
25、cross paths 相遇；交集
26、data logs 數據日誌
27、cross sb's path （偶然）與某人相遇
　
在新加坡，衛生部在網路上公布了每個冠狀病毒患者的訊息，通常帶有驚人的細節，包括與其他患者的關係。這是為了警告可能與他們相遇的人，並提醒公眾注意潛在的感染地點。上週五，新加坡還推出了一款供國民使用的智慧型手機應用程式，幫助當局找到可能接觸過該病毒的人。這款名為「TraceTogether」的應用程式使用藍牙訊號偵測附近的手機。如果一名用戶後來檢測出病毒陽性，衛生當局可能會檢查該應用程式的數據日誌，以便找到與他們有接觸的人。一名政府官員表示，該應用程式通過不向用戶彼此透露身份來保護隱私。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In New York this month, Mayor Bill de Blasio posted details on Twitter about a lawyer in Westchester County who was the second person in the state to test positive for the virus — including the name of the man’s seven-person law firm and the names of the schools attended by two of his children. A few hours later, The New York Post identified the lawyer by name and was soon referring to him as “patient zero” in the coronavirus outbreak in New Rochelle.
　
28、law firm 律師事務所
29、refer to 稱作；談及；與……相關
30、patient zero 零號病人；零號感染源
　
本月，紐約市長白思豪在推特上發布了西徹斯特郡一名律師、該州第二名病毒檢測呈陽性者的詳細訊息－－包括這名男子的七人律師事務所的名稱，以及他兩個孩子的學校名稱。幾個小時後，《紐約郵報》確認了這名律師的名字，並且很快稱他為新洛歇爾冠狀病毒疫情中的「零號病人」。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
In a response posted on Facebook, Adina Lewis Garbuz, a lawyer who is the wife of the man, Lawrence Garbuz, pleaded with the public to focus instead on the personal efforts the family had made to isolate themselves and notify people who came into contact with them. “We would have preferred this all remain private,” Ms. Garbuz wrote in the Facebook post, “but since it is no longer, I wanted to at least share some truths and allay people’s fears.”
　
31、plead with the public 懇求公眾
32、instead (adv.) 作為替代*
33、isolate 將……隔離；使孤立
34、remain private 保持私密
35、come into 對……產生影響
36、allay 平息；減輕；使緩和*
　
這名男子叫勞倫斯・加布茲，他的妻子阿蒂娜・加布茲律師在臉書上發表回應，懇求公眾多關注加布茲一家如何盡量遠離他人，並通知與他們有過接觸的人。「我們本來希望這一切都保持私密，」加布茲在臉書上寫道，「但既然已經不再是隱私，我想至少分享一些真相，減輕人們的恐懼。」
　
*instead: https://bit.ly/34jDdpy
instead of: https://bit.ly/2JR9VoR
　
*allay: https://bit.ly/2y1wRiw
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/3e2hFSR
　
圖片出處：https://bit.ly/2Xf1mMG
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
#科技時事英文

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Empathy. Education. Leadership. Three words that define Eric's English Lounge (EEL) and everything that we do.
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south korea political system 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答

Eric's English Lounge By Eric's English Lounge

2020-04-06 20:26:31 有 426 人按讚
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[時事英文] 死亡率（mortality rate）*、壓平曲線（flattening the curve）、活動限制 （lockdown）：如何理解這些術語？
　
Language goes beyond a sealed system governed by a rigid set of rules. To fully understand the meaning of a word, one must look further than connotation and denotation, and also take context into consideration. In this case, one needs to examine the social, political, economic, and even statistical contexts of the terms.
　
語言並非只是受嚴密規則所約束的封閉系統。為了充分理解一個單詞的意涵，我們不僅要瞭解其本義與引申義，同時還要考慮整個語境。在此一情況下，應要考察社會、政治、經濟甚至統計上的語境。
　
Does “confirmed cases,” for example, mean the same thing in every country before and during the coronavirus outbreak? What about “lockdowns”? Does it mean that the government is advising people to stay home or is someone nailing your door shut? Some food for thought when reading about the coronavirus outbreak.
　
例如，在冠狀病毒爆發前以及爆發期間，「確診病例」在各國是否具有相同的含義？那麼，封鎖呢？這是否意味著政府正建議人們留在家中，抑或有人正把你家大門釘上？以上是在閱讀疫情的相關資訊時所引人深思的一些事情。
　
*同學好心的補充說明：「mortality rate」通常指的是死亡率，而「fatality rate」則是（因罹患某疾病）致死率。兩者都是重要的死亡指標，但計算公式不相同。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
《紐約時報》報導：
　
Making sense of the coronavirus pandemic requires getting up to speed on semantics as much as epidemiology. Government officials and health care professionals toss off mentions of mortality rates, flattening the curve and lockdowns, assuming that we know what they mean. But the terms mean different things from country to country, state to state, even city to city and person to person. Officials use the same phrases about mass testing, caseloads and deaths to describe very different situations. That makes it hard to give clear answers to vital questions: How bad are things? Where are they headed?
　
1. make sense of… 理解……
2. get up to speed on 了解最新情況；跟上進度
3. toss off 輕而易舉地處理*
　
弄懂新型冠狀病毒大流行，既需要了解流行病學的最新情況，也需要在語義學上跟上形勢。「死亡率」、「壓平曲線」和「活動限制」等說法從政府官員和公共衛生專業人士的嘴裡脫口而出，他們假設大家都知道這些詞的意思。但對不同的國家、不同的州，甚至不同的城市和個人來說，這些術語有著不同的含義。 官員們使用「大規模檢測」、「病例數」和「死亡病例數」等相同的措辭，來描繪非常不同的情況。這令一些重要的問題難以得到明確的回答：情況有多糟糕？正在向什麼方向發展？
　
toss off: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toss%20off
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
People search for insight by comparing their countries to those that are further along in the epidemic. But if the terms are misleading or used in differing ways, the comparisons are flawed. Also, the statistics and vocabulary offer a false sense of precision while in reality, the information we have shows only a fraction of what’s going on. “The new cases or deaths each day are given as exact numbers, and we’re trained to take that at face value,” said Mark N. Lurie, an epidemiologist at Brown University’s School of Public Health. “But those are far from exact, they’re deeply flawed, and their meaning varies from place to place and from time period to time period.”
　
4. be further along in 在……上走得更深遠
5. at face value 根據外表；從表面上看
　
人們將自己的國家與那些經歷了疫情更多階段的國家進行比較，以求了解情況。但是，如果這些詞語使人產生誤解，或在使用方式上存在差異的話，這種比較就是錯誤的。此外，這些統計數據和詞彙給人以精準的假象，而現實是，我們所掌握的信息僅代表冰山一角。「每天的新增病例數或死亡人數都是以精準數字的形式通報的，我們被訓練成只看這些表面數字。」布朗大學公共衛生學院流行病學家馬克・盧裡說。「但這些數字遠非精準，而且有嚴重缺陷，它們的含義因不同的時間和地點而不同。」
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
I. Confirmed Cases 確診病例
　
Countries vary wildly in testing for the virus and how they report the numbers, and experts say most infections are going undetected. So the publicized national tallies are rough, incomplete pictures that may not be all that comparable. And that’s if countries are forthcoming about their data.
　
6. vary wildly in 在……上有極大的差異*
7. publicize 公布；宣傳
8. national tallies 國家的統計數據
9. incomplete pictures 不完整的狀況
10. forthcoming 樂於幫助的
　
各國在病毒檢測以及通報數字的方式上有很大差異，而且專家們說，大多數感染都沒有被發現。因此，各國公布的只是粗略的數據，這些並不完整的描繪也許沒有多少可比性。這還是在假設各國願意提供數據的情況下。

wildly: https://bit.ly/2wkgPjo
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
Officials in the United States say that China, which has reported more than 82,000 infections, has understated its epidemic. Until this week, the Chinese government excluded those patients who tested positive for the virus but had no symptoms. China also doesn’t say how many tests it has conducted, and doubts have been raised about whether it has tested extensively in Xinjiang, the province where it holds hundreds of thousands of Muslims in indoctrination camps. The Covid Tracking Project, run by The Atlantic, has tried to compile all the numbers in the United States and reports more than 1.2 million tests so far, over 3,600 per million people.
　
11. understate 未如實陳述；避重就輕地說
12. exclude 把……排除在外
13. indoctrination camps 再教育營
14. run by 由……經營
　
中國通報的累計確診病例超過８萬２千例，美國官員說，中國淡化了國內的疫情。直到本週前，中國政府一直把病毒檢測呈陽性但沒有癥狀的感染者不納入確診病例。中國也未公開接受檢測的人數，而且外界已對中國是否在新疆進行了大規模檢測表示懷疑，中國在那裡把數十萬穆斯林關進了拘禁營。《大西洋月刊》的新冠肺炎追蹤計劃試圖匯總美國的所有數據，它統計到的數字是，美國迄今為止進行了逾１２０萬例檢測，平均每百萬人超過３６００例。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
II. Widespread Testing 大規模檢測

It matters not only how many people are tested, but also when, and who they are. Once again, countries differ, shaping what the numbers mean. A few countries, like South Korea, Australia and Singapore, got serious about mass testing early on. They used the information to do ambitious contact-tracing — finding and testing those who had recently been near infected people, even if they had no symptoms.
　
15. it matters 重要的是
16. not only……, but also…… 不僅……，而且……
17. get serious about 認真對待某事
18. early on 在早期
　
重要的不只是多少人做了檢測，檢測時間和檢測對象也很重要。各國在檢測時間和對象上也有不同，這讓數字的含義也有所不同。韓國、澳洲和新加坡等少數國家很早就開始認真地進行大規模檢測。他們利用這些信息嚴格追蹤接觸者，也就是找到並檢測那些親密接觸者，即使他們沒有癥狀。
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
But most nations with large numbers of cases have done less testing, waited longer to do it in bulk, and made little attempt at contact tracing. They find themselves playing catch-up with the virus, ramping up testing after their outbreaks had already mushroomed. They detect more cases, but by then it’s hard to tell how much of that growth is the expanding epidemic and how much is expanding surveillance. Unable to meet the demand, they often limit testing to the sickest patients and health workers.
　
19. in bulk 大量
20. make little attempt 幾乎未做嘗試
21. ramp up 增加*
22. mushroom (v.) 迅速增長；迅速發展*
23. meet the demand 滿足需求
24. limit……to 將……限制在……
　
但大多數存在大量確診病例的國家進行的檢測數量都比較少，都是等了更長時間後才開始進行大規模檢測，而且對追蹤接觸者的工作幾乎未做嘗試。這些國家發現自己在拚命追趕病毒的傳播，在疫情迅速蔓延後才加大了檢測力度。這些國家都檢測到了更多的病例，但此時已很難判斷新增病例中有多少是疫情不斷擴大的結果，有多少是擴大疫情監測的結果。由於無法滿足檢測需求，這些國家通常只能對病情最嚴重的患者以及衛生工作者做檢測。
　
ramp up: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramp-up
mushroom: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mushroom
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
III. Fatality Rates 致死率
　
It has been stated time and again: Italy and Spain have high mortality rates among coronavirus patients, Germany’s is low, and China’s is somewhere between. It may not be that simple. Counting the dead is as flawed and inconsistent as counting the infected. Recent reports say that mortuaries in Wuhan, China, where the disease was first discovered, have ordered thousands more urns than usual, suggesting a much higher death toll than the city’s official count, 2,535. The outbreaks in Wuhan, and parts of Italy and Spain, overwhelmed hospitals, forcing many sick people to ride it out at home. No one knows how many people have recovered or died without ever being tested. And if only the sickest patients are tested, then the number of infections will appear smaller and the percentage who die will seem higher.
　
25. time and again 屢次；一再
26. as flawed and inconsistent as 像……一樣存在缺陷與不一致
27. mortuary 停屍間（太平間）
28. urn 骨灰罈
29. suggest 暗示*
30. death toll 死亡人數
31. to ride it out 安然渡過（難關）*
　
一個反覆提及的說法是：義大利和西班牙的新冠病毒肺炎患者死亡率高，德國的低，中國的居中。情況也許並不那麼簡單。統計死亡人數和統計感染人數一樣存在缺陷和不一致的地方。最近有報導稱，武漢的殯儀館訂購的骨灰盒數比該市官方統計的２５３５例死亡高出好幾千，表明死亡人數遠高於官方公布的數字。新冠病毒最早就是在這座城市發現的。武漢以及義大利和西班牙部分地區的疫情使醫院不堪重負，許多患者被迫在家中渡過難關。沒人知道究竟有多少人在從未做檢測的情況下康復或死亡。如果只對病情最嚴重的患者做檢測的話，感染人數看上去會更低，而死亡率看起來將更高。
　
suggest: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/suggest
ride sth out: https://bit.ly/2Rd6Tj6
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
IV. The Peak 疫情高峰
　
Officials often talk about when the epidemic peaks or plateaus — when a country “flattens the curve.” But they rarely specify, the peak of what? And how can we be sure we’re past it? When an outbreak is growing unchecked, more people become infected and more die each day than the day before. On a graph, the curve showing the daily count of new cases has gone from rising sharply to moving sideways — the curve has flattened — and even begun to move downward. That is one corner being turned: The rate of the spread of the virus has slowed down. It takes longer to turn another: the rate of people dying.
　
32. from rising sharply to moving sideways 從急劇上升到橫向移動
33. turn the corner 好轉；度過難關*
　
官員們經常提疫情何時達到高峰或進入平台期，也就是一個國家「壓平曲線」的時候。但他們很少具體說明是什麼達到了高峰，以及我們怎麼能確定高峰已過？當疫情不受控制地發展時，每天的感染和死亡人數都比前一天多。曲線圖上顯示的每天新增病例數從急劇上升變得趨於平緩——曲線已被壓平——甚至開始下降。這是一個轉折點：病毒的傳播速度已經放緩。度過死亡人數的轉折點則需要更長的時間。
　
turn the corner: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/turn%20the%20corner
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
But even when those curves flatten, the epidemic still has not “peaked” by another crucial measure: the number of active cases. That figure continues to rise until the number of patients who either die or recover each day is larger than the number of new infections. To ease the staggering load on health care systems, the active cases curve must also flatten and then fall.
　
34. peak (v.) 使……達到頂峰
35. either……or…… 不是……就是……
36. staggering 沉重的；巨大的
　
但是，即使這些曲線已趨於平緩，疫情的另一個重要衡量指標——現存確診病例數——仍未達到「峰值」。在每天的死亡或康復患者人數超過新增感染人數之前，這個數字還將繼續上升。為緩解衛生系統的沉重負擔，現存確診病例數的曲線也必須先趨平，然後下降。
　
peak: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/peak_2
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
V. Lockdowns 封鎖（活動限制）
　
More than two billion people, including most Americans, are living under something usually called a lockdown. But there is no set definition of that word — or related terms like stay-at-home mandates and social distancing — so the details differ from place to place. The biggest differences may be in enforcement. Some places, like those in the United States with lockdowns, mostly rely on people to follow the rules without coercion. But Italy and others have deployed soldiers to ensure compliance, and French police have fined hundreds of thousands of people for violating restrictions. China, in addition to using security forces, mobilized an army of volunteers, ratcheting up social pressure to obey.
　
37. set definition 固定的定義
38. enforcement 實施；執行
39. rely on 仰賴；依靠
40. deploy 部署
41. compliance 服從
42. fine 處……以罰款（或罰金）
43. in addition to 除了……之外
44. mobilize 動員
45. ratchet sth up/down 逐步增加／減少
　
全球有２０多億人，包括大多數美國人正生活在一般被稱為「活動限制」的狀態下。但這個詞沒有固定的定義，其他的相關說法，比如政府的「待在家裡」和「保持社交距離」令也沒有明確的定義，所以各地的具體做法也不一樣。最大的不同可能在執行方面。有些地方，比如美國有限制令的地方，主要依靠人們自覺遵守，而非強制。但義大利等國為確保限制令的落實而動用了軍隊，法國警方還對數已十萬計的違反禁令者處以罰款。中國除了使用安全部隊外，還動員了一支志願者大軍來加大服從封鎖隔離措施的社會壓力。
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
Italy’s experience shows the looseness of the term. It has gone through several phases of restrictions, applying them to more people, making them stricter and increasing enforcement. A few weeks ago, a person could travel around Italy for a valid work or family reason. Now, people are fined for nonessential walking too far from their homes. But each stage was widely called by the same name: lockdown.
　
46. looseness 鬆散
47. valid 確鑿的；合理的；有根據的；讓人信服的
　
義大利的經歷表明了這個詞語解釋上的自由。義大利的封鎖令經歷了幾個階段，適用範圍擴大到越來越多的人，封鎖及其執行也變得越來越嚴格。幾週前，人們還可以因為正當的工作或家庭原因在義大利旅行。現在，人們會因不必要的離家太遠的走動而被罰款。但禁令的每個階段用的都是同一個泛泛的名稱：活動限制。
　
《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/2XcCUeT

圖片出處：https://fxn.ws/34gwSeH
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
＃疫情英文

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