📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth
✍️ 田少谷 Shao
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Outline
0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion
0. Intro
The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥
While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.
Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅
Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊
If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏
There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!
1. Uniswap & AMM recap
Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.
Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.
Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:
AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.
In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP
¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity
² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative
³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage
2. Tick
The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.
For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp
By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:
The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.
Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.
Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.
With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯
So, how is the price range of a tick decided?
This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.
The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.
Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.
However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.
This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.
As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.
For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.
p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001
See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?
Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052
But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?
Price range: max & min
To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.
24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:
1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341
1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943
I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌
⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.
How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?
Tick index from price
The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:
Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php
Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.
Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm
Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!
⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.
3. Concentrated liquidity
Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.
Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.
As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!
Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂
Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].
If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.
The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.
However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).
We can observe the following two points from the above example:
Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.
√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.
What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!
Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵
⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.
4. Range orders: reversible limit orders
As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:
current price < the targeted price range
current price > the targeted price range
current price belongs to the targeted price range
The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.
The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).
There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!
In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.
Range orders
To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.
The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.
For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.
With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!
Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).
The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.
The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.
If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.
Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.
What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].
This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.
…wut? 🤔
Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!
What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.
The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.
To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:
Only one token is required for range orders.
Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯
I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.
⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.
Reversible limit orders
As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.
We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].
Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.
The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.
As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:
When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸
When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸
A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!
⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.
5. Impacts of v3
Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:
Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.
The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.
LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏
In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.
After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔
Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!
6. Conclusion
That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂
There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅
If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!
Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟
Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
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終於要寫感恩節前來訪加州中部 Paso Robles 品酒的最後一家酒莊
也是這趟旅程拜訪的第五家酒莊 - Niner Wine Estates。
第三天離開飯店之後先去吃早午餐
吃飽之後前來品酒。
Niner Wine Estates 創立於 2001 年
一共有三座不同的葡萄園分別位於 Paso Robles 以及 Edna Valley
酒莊品酒室位於其中的 Heart Hill Vineyard
酒莊設計是 LEED Certified 的節約能源建築。
來訪之前需要事先訂位
由於這天是星期一
我們其實是前一天才打電話訂位。
抵達之後櫃台人員會先詢問是否要搭配餐點
以及要點什麼 Tasting。
由於這天我們就只要拜訪這一家酒莊
就要去泡溫泉並返回舊金山
我們便決定一人一個 Tasting
可以喝到白酒與紅酒兩個 tasting。
2016 Grenache
在等候座位的時候服務生會先送上一杯 Grenache
可在外面的座位等候品嘗。
這杯 Grenache 我個人覺得有一點太 spice
不是我喜歡的 Grenache 味道。
入座的時候葡萄酒都已經擺好
服務生先來講解白酒的 Tasting。
白酒 Tasting $30
2019 Sauvignon Blanc
第一杯 Sauvignon Blanc 稍顯普通
沒有太多特色。
2018 Grenache Blanc
這杯以 92% Grenache 以及 2% Roussane 製成
稍微有一點油膩感。
2017 Silhouette du Coeur
這杯整體還算有特色
適合搭配海鮮。
2017 Reserve Chardonnay
Chardonnay 沒什麼記憶點。
接著服務生過來講解每一杯紅酒。
紅酒 Tasting $30
2018 Pinot Noir
對這杯 Pinot Noir 沒什麼特殊的印象
就是一杯中規中矩的 Pinot。
2016 Super Paso
這瓶是 41% Sangiovese, 30% Petit Verdot, 19 Barbera, 9% Cabernet Franc, 以及 1% Cabernet
Sauvignon
整體還算有特色
決定購買這瓶。
2016 Square Root
54% Syrah, 34% Grenache, 以及 14% Mourvedre
典型的 GSM
不過 Syrah 味道有點太重
沒有很喜歡。
2017 Cabernet Sauvignon
這杯 Cab 喝起來是比較偏淡的 Cab
是很柔順的口感。
只要購買兩瓶即可以折抵一份品酒費用
詢問服務生我們購買兩瓶紅酒搭配一瓶白酒是否可以折抵
他告知可以
最後決定購買 2016 Super Paso, 2017 Cabernet Sauvignon, 以及 2017 Silhouette du Coeur。
Niner Wine Estates
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◎New Digital Single [嘘じゃない] ( English Title : "Believe" )
【Listen&DL】https://soushi.lnk.to/3gDs3bWS
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7/31(土)18:00 プレミア公開!
TVアニメ「僕のヒーローアカデミア」第5期(2クール目)エンディングテーマ
“"My Hero Academia” Season 5 Second Ending Theme Song
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【嘘じゃない(Anime Size Lyric ver.)】
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****************
-Cast-
崎山蒼志
haru
-Staff-
Director: 大喜多正毅
Camera: 安田光
Camera Assistant: 高橋慶太
Light: 杉山泰則
Light Assistant: 鈴木裕介, 水足萌香
Hair&Make-up: 根本亜沙美
Stylist: 釘宮一彰 (崎山蒼志)
Textile Monster: NATSUKI HANYU (haru)
Casting: Oi-Chan
Production Manager: 池田飛鳥, 師田悠三
Driver: 鈴木令, 生田潤一郎, 古橋広美
Producer: 梅田知子
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9月22日(水) 「崎山蒼志「嘘じゃない」Release One-Man Live」
開場:東京・EX THEATER ROPPONGI
出演:崎山蒼志
時間:<開場>18:00 / <開演> 19:00
料金:前売り…4,500円 当日…5,000円(ドリンク代別)
その他チケットの先行予約ならびに一般発売情報は下記オフィシャルHPをチェック。
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<問い合わせ>
HOT STUFF PROMOTION 03-5720-9999
****************
◎Digital Single [逆行 | Gyakkou]
【Listen】https://soushi.lnk.to/rYhw3ZAY
【MV】https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFR7TjHtG7s
◎Major Debut Album [find fuse in youth]
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【AL LISTEN】 https://soushi.lnk.to/find_fuse_in_youth_YC
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【[Undulation] MV】 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgS9eZM_ABM
【[そのままどこか] MV】 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axhqitECl1Y
【[花火] MV】 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcOzyWb1gKE
・HP https://sakiyamasoushi.com/
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■嘘じゃない
Words & Music: 崎山蒼志
Arrange: Naoki Itai, モチヅキヤスノリ
Acoustic Guitar: 崎山蒼志
Piano: モチヅキヤスノリ
Bass: 北村雄太
Drums: 坂本暁良
Electric Guitar: サトウカツシロ
Strings: MIZ, 三國茉莉, 館泉礼一, 渡邉雅弦
Programming & All other Instruments: Naoki Itai
Recorded & Mixed by 村上宣之
Vocal Recorded by 渥美隆三
息をして触れてきた優しさが
いつの日か 蓄えた優しさになる
一人を越えて 君と繋がれたなら
瞬きの間に 二度とない千を見るよ
誰かが伝う 意味のない と
捨てられた 悲しみに
湛えられた炎を見ろよ
嘘じゃないよ
嘘じゃない
これからの未来は
何処へでも
繋がれる気がしてるの
悪夢の根源に
居た君を いつか必ず
救い出すから
救い出せるから
擦りきれた心と闇の中へ
今綻んだ関係を辿る途中で
枯れ果てたと感じてた記憶も
枯れちゃいない
そう微かに気づいたのさ
空がほら 広がってく
余計なものも 愛しく
泣けるほどに 痛ましいさ
笑顔を突き立てよう
これからの未来は
何処にでも
繋がれる気がしてるの
悪夢の根源に
居た君を いつか必ず
救い出すから
揺らぎあるものの為に
生きてきたんじゃないし
でもこの振動は
私を確かに 呼んでる
嘘じゃない
嘘じゃない
歪みある世界に立っている
心崩れ落ちる音
溢さぬよう 何度も作ったダムも忘れはしないよ
これからの未来は
何処へでも
繋がれる気がしてるの
悪夢の根源に
居た君を いつか必ず
救い出すから
救い出せるから
■"Believe" - Lyric
The pieces of warmth I've breathed and touched
will someday be amassed
If my path goes beyond alone and leads to you
I will see the vast scenery of a lifetime while I blink
Someone says it has no meaning
and throws away the sorrow
Look at the fire within it
Take my word
Take my word
The future from now
I feel that
my path can link to anywhere
The root of nightmare
where you have been, I promise that someday
I will get you out of there
I can get you out of there
Into the rusty mind and darkness
I trace back the frayed ties now, and
the memories I thought I have exhausted
are still there
I subtly knew
Look, the sky is stretching out
Even the frills seem so dear
and wrenching to make me cry
I will thrust a smile
The future from now
I feel that
it can lead to anywhere
The root of nightmare
where you have been, I promise that someday
I will get you out of there
The flickering things
are not what I have lived for
But this vibration
is indeed calling me
Take my word
Take my word
Standing on a distorted world
I hear the heart falling apart
I've made dams many times to keep it together
The future from now
I feel that
it can lead to anywhere
The root of nightmare
where you have been, I promise that someday
I will get you out of there
I can get you out of there
#崎山蒼志 #嘘じゃない #Usojanai #Believe #ヒロアカ #heroaca_a

square root 在 Dainghia25 Youtube 的最佳貼文
New PES 2021 PS4 Option File by PES Universe. It includes fully licensed of Premier League
SkyBet Championship
LaLiga Santander
LaLiga SmartBank
Serie A TIM
FULL Bundesliga with created players, accurate faces & builds
Kits 2048 Px*
Highest Quality
*V1 is full 2048 so you’re gonna have to choose some things to not import as you won’t have all the space
*for PC it's save folder, replace it to \KONAMI\eFootball PES 2021 SEASON UPDATE\RANDOM NUMBER\
Download Link http://bit.ly/pesuniv2021
Credits to PESUniverse || Support them : https://www.pesuniverse.com
Tutotial
PES 2021 V1 – INSTALL – PS4
1. Download the option file & then navigate to the download destination (downloads or desktop folder usually but this despends on your PC)
2. When downloaded, right click on the file and choose ‘Extract to WEPES’ and the file will extract in a few seconds
3. Insert your USB key into your PC/MAC. Right click on the USB icon and select Format if needed (make sure it is set to FAT32)
4. Now return to the WEPES Folder (the one you just extracted) & right click on the WEPES folder & select ‘copy’ & then return to the USB folder
5. Open up the USB folder (double click to go to the USB root) and simply paste the WEPES folder (right click then select paste)
6. This will now copy over so wait a few minutes. Once complete you should have an open folder on your USB called WEPES
7. Now eject the USB from your PC/MAC & and insert it into your PS4. Follow all the instructions until you can go to Edit Mode.
8. When you first start PES 2021, there will be an import tutorial, just follow the intructions before you proceed with importing the Option File.
9. Once in Edit Mode, navigate to Import/Export and select Import Team.
10. Now select All files (PS4 square button) & select ‘Go to Detailed Settings’ and then press OK (DO NOT TICK ANY BOXES HERE)
11. This will import everything except Bundesliga Players so relax for 5-10 minutes while it does its thing. Once completed, return to the import screen
12. Now select all Bundesliga Teams (do not select Schalke, Bayern & Bayer Leverkusen) National Teams & Brazilian teams ONLY
13. Tick both boxes “Players” & “Overwriting images” & then Import by pressing OK. Return to the main Edit Menu
14. Select Import Competition, select All files (PS4 square button) & Go to Detailed Settings’ and then press OK (DO NOT TICK ANY BOXES HERE)
15. Return to main Edit Menu & go to competition structure, reduce the draw size for the Bundesliga to 18 and swap the teams across from other euros
Sometimes you might get an error, do not worry, simply follow the steps again & reimport
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https://unghotoi.com/dainghia25
https://streamlabs.com/dainghia25
▶ SUBSCRIBE MY CHANNEL : https://goo.gl/VPOrGK
▶ RENUMBER LIKE, SUBSCRIBE AND SHARE MY VIDEO!!!
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square root 在 Root's Game Store Youtube 的最佳解答
#Root的遊戲心得小舖 #聖劍傳說3 #聖剣伝説 3
聖劍傳說3是1995年SQUARE社的作品,當時都還沒和ENIX合併
這款是我在國中時期玩的,有著精美的人設、畫面、音樂、劇情、六個角色、多重職業、還有三種不同的最終頭目,是當時真正的神作!
經過了25年,這款在我心中一直都有很美好回憶的神作終於重製了
本影片中包含了我的遊戲心得(包含一直都有的風格,你懂的 ww)
希望大家會喜歡這次的影片 :)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
成為這個頻道的會員並獲得獎勵:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3hy3XtCogcAyxt-ahy8EyA/join
Tubebuddy是一個很好用的工具,有在經營YT的應該都要使用
它可以讓你看到一些YT後台隱藏的訊息
例如自己和其他頻道的流量,還有設定的關鍵字,我自己也有在使用
使用下面的連結安裝的話,我可以得到一點獎勵
在此推薦給正在經營或是有興趣經營YT的朋友們
https://www.tubebuddy.com/RootTsou
有的影片沒辦法營利,廣告費會被拿走
歡迎贊助本頻道,協助頻道經營
贊助方法一:使用Paypal:
paypal.me/RootTsou
贊助方法二:使用歐付寶,這個方法適用於「沒有信用卡」時:
https://payment.opay.tw/Broadcaster/Donate/23C60821C8C8F340A6FDCDD40F6AEE38
感謝您的贊助!
你 / 妳 想成為Youteber來增加被動收入嗎?
歡迎參考我的簡介喔,下面有詳細介紹
https://www.youtube.com/user/RootTsou/about
也歡迎幫我點讚、分享和訂閱喔 ❤️
點擊影片右下方的頭像可以訂閱我,或是結束時P4主角的頭像
如果有訂閱的話請「一定」要開啟小鈴鐺🔔
這樣我上傳新影片的時候才會收到通知~😛
但就算這樣還是有可能會漏掉通知
這時候請加入Discord,會有機器人通知最新影片上傳!
Discord位置:
https://discord.com/invite/z6m3SWe
巴哈姆特小屋:
https://home.gamer.com.tw/homeindex.php?owner=prettysamy
Twitch頻道:
https://www.twitch.tv/roottsou_game
粉絲團網址:
t.me/Root_Tsou
巴哈姆特往日遊戲版的Facebook專頁:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/Baha.OldGames
(優質社團歡迎加入 ww)
Facebook (Root Tsou):
https://www.facebook.com/root.tsou
電子郵件信箱:
shining383@gmail.com

square root 在 Square root in 3 seconds - math trick - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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