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Thanks to my SCGS Science Department family for the farewell party.
Love the letters and gift.
Also to my science lab team, glad to work with y'all.
Bunch of thanks. #scgs #singapore #sg #science
被撤回的文章，英文版如下，please Share to your network.
The English version of Prof Yuen and Prof Lung's article is already available: 👇🏻
18 Mar 2020: David Christopher Lung, Yuen Kwok-yung: Pandemic Originated from Wuhan; Lesson from 17 Years Ago Forsaken
Winter of Jihai (2019), a virus began in Wuhan. Comes spring of Gengzi (2020), an epidemic broke out in Hubei. Within China, there were 80,000 confirmed cases, and 3,000 deaths. People were confined in their homes and the epidemic only began slowing down towards the end of the month, yet the virus had leaked to the world outside before it could be stopped. In March, it was a pandemic, only it was announced too late by the World Health Organization (WHO). Countries lacked measures and reserves, and the pandemic swept across the globe. Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan were spared from the pandemic with continuous sprinkles of overseas imported cases and small groups, but have not yet fallen.
This pandemic came from a virus, shaped like a corona, hence named Coronavirus. Since 2015, WHO has avoided using names of people, places, animals, food, culture, occupation, etc., to name illnesses. For this one, the “year” was used for differentiation, COVID-19. In the naming of viruses, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) analyses only the genome sequencing meticulously and disregards the other aspects. Since the genome sequence of this Coronavirus was “not novel enough”, it belongs in the same sisterhood with the SARS Coronavirus, also known as SARS 2.0 (SARS-CoV-2). Local and international media call it the Wuhan Coronavirus or Wuhan Pneumonia, simple and straight-forward, which is not incorrect.
Much controversy has resulted in society regarding the name of this pandemic. In fact, the illness was named by WHO, while the virus was named by ICTV. Nicknames are conventional, as long as they are clear and understood. In scientific discussions or academic exchanges, COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 must be used. In daily public communications or media wordings, Wuhan Coronavirus or Wuhan Pneumonia are both conventional, easy to understand, and great for communication purposes.
The Pandemic of Gengzi, an Origin in Wuhan
Around 75% of the newly discovered infectious diseases originated from wild animals. Among the few that could infect mammals is the Coronavirus, whose ancestral virus originated from bats or avians. Both have the ability to fly thousands of miles to the place the virus was first discovered, therefore the naming of a virus would also include its place of origin. To investigate the origin of a virus, the correct and objective way is to isolate the virus from the animal host. Unfortunately, since Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was eradicated early on, the wild animals in the market were already gone by the time researchers had arrived to collect samples. The identities of the natural host and the intermediate host became a mystery. According to the locals, the wild animals sold within the Market came from all over China, Southeast Asia, and Africa (smuggled) to be distributed from there. The ancestral virus of the Wuhan Coronavirus cannot be determined.
Using genome sequencing to determine its origin, a bat Coronavirus stand (RaTG13) was found to be extremely similar to the Wuhan Coronavirus, with a sequencing similarity of 96%, therefore it is believed to be the ancestral virus stand of this Wuhan Coronavirus. This particular virus strand was obtained and isolated from Yunnan bats (Rhinolophus sinicus), and bats are believed to be the natural host of this Wuhan Coronavirus. Epidemiology clearly indicated Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market as the amplification epicenter, where there was a huge possibility that the virus had cross-infected between the natural host and the intermediate host, and then mutated within the intermediate host to adapt to the human body, followed by human-to-human infections.
The identity of the intermediate host remains unknown, but genome sequencing indicated that the Spike Receptor-binding domain of the Wuhan Coronavirus has a 90% similarity to that of the pangolin Coronavirus strand. Although the pangolin could not be confirmed as the intermediate host, it is highly possible that this pangolin Coronavirus strand donated Spike Receptor-binding domain DNA (or even the entire sequence) to the bat Coronavirus strand. Though gene shuffling recombination, the novel Coronavirus was born.
Wild Animal Market, the Origin of Innumerable Viruses
The 2003 SARS virus originated from Heyuan, became an epidemic in Guangdong, and passed to Hong Kong. The SARS Coronavirus was found in civets, and China clearly banned the trading of wild animals afterward. 17 years on, the wild animal market has run amuck. The Chinese have outright forgotten the lessons from SARS and have allowed a live wild animal market to exist within the centre of a highly developed city, with wild animals being cooked and eaten in brought daylight – simply astonishing. The feces of the animals within a live wild animal market contain a large amount of germs and viruses. With a crowded environment, vile hygiene, and a mix of wild animal species, gene shuffling and mutation could easily occur in viruses, therefore these markets must be banned.
Reform of the wet markets should be a focus of epidemic prevention. The mainland Chinese and Hong Kong governments must quickly improve these environments by enhancing ventilation and pest control. Before the complete elimination of live-animal markets, animal feces must be well handled to minimise the chances of gene shuffling in viruses.
The online rumour that the virus originated from USA was absolutely groundless, delusional. Stop spreading the falsity before we expose ourselves to ridicule. To remain calm before a pandemic, informational transparency is of the utmost importance. With calm and objective analysis, refrain from parroting others and spreading hearsay. Not strictly enforcing the closure of all wild animal markets after SARS was a grave mistake. In order to defeat an illness, one must own up to the mistakes and face the truths. Stop committing the same mistakes and putting the blame onto others. The Wuhan Coronavirus was a product of the inferior culture of the Chinese people: excessive hunting and ingesting wild animals, inhumane treatment of animals, disrespecting lives. Continuing to devour wild animals for human desires, the deep-rooted bad habits of the Chinese people are the real origin of the virus. With this attitude, in a dozen years, SARS 3.0 is bound to happen.
(Dr Lung graduated in 2004 from the University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine with distinction in Medicine. He currently works in the Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, where he built up the microbiology team and lab. Yuen Kwok-yung is a Professor and Chair of Infectious Diseases of the Department of Microbiology of the University of Hong Kong)
(Original image by Ming Pao)
https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e8%a7%80%e9%bb%9e/article/20200318/s00012/1584470310596/%e9%be%8d%e6%8c%af%e9%82%a6-%e8%a2%81%e5%9c%8b%e5%8b%87-%e5%a4%a7%e6%b5%81%e8%a1%8c%e7%b7%a3%e8%b5%b7%e6%ad%a6%e6%bc%a2-%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%83%e5%b9%b4%e6%95%99%e8%a8%93%e7%9b%a1%e5%bf%98
賀陳弘校長寫給全校教職員生的一封信：
清華園的師生及同仁們:
大家好嗎?
在疫情日漸緊張之際，我們將一起迎接延後了兩星期的新學期。
很感謝許多行政同仁從農曆年假期就動員起來，在開學前完成了各項防疫措施，包括設置居家檢疫宿舍，幫助從港澳返校的同學們平安地度過14天的居家檢疫。所幸他們全都平安出關，能和我們一同迎接新學期的開始。負責清潔的阿姨伯伯們比平常更加辛勞，為大家準備好了清潔安全的環境。
也要謝謝學生會的幹部們，從防疫小組成立的第一天開始就積極加入，傳達同學的看法，提供了許多很好的建議，並且用很棒的方式協助學校將最新的防疫措施傳達給同學們。
在開學的時候，清華園還有一些境外師生尚未能返校。學校除了備妥視訊教學等彈性修業方案，也衷心期待他們在住居地一切平安，不要中斷學習；在疫情趨緩之後，能很快地回來加入我們。
大家也一定會發現，校園因防疫而必須採取許多措施，雖然會增添一些不便，但為了彼此的平安健康，要請大家務必配合。包括:
1. 校園全面量測體溫：
全校共設置19處體溫量測站(校本部15站，南大校區4站)，體溫正常者貼上貼紙，大家互相提醒，希望進入建築物內的都是量過體溫正常者。體溫異常者，由衛保組詢問個案資料後指示後續安排方式。
https://reurl.cc/jdX2ln
2. 入境與健康狀況通報：
自中港澳、南韓、義大利以及國際旅遊疫情建議等級第一級與第二級國家（如日本、新加坡、伊朗、泰國）入境的教職員請向衛保組通報，所屬的單位也必須另外做通報。
若耳溫≥ 38℃、額溫≥37.5℃或出現呼吸道不適等類流感症狀，也請立即通報衛保組03-5743000(週一至周五，上午8時至下午5 時)或生輔組03-5711814(24小時)
個人通報: https://reurl.cc/RdKgy9
單位通報: https://reurl.cc/72ZNMQ
3. 視訊及彈性教學：
為了讓無法返校上課的學生學習不中斷，請助教徵得授課教師同意，協助將課程錄影下來，上傳到學校的數位學習平台。如無法錄影，也請教師指派助教協助學生補課及課輔。
彈性修業機制:
http://2019-ncov.site.nthu.edu.tw/var/file/499/1499/img/420369121.pdf
4. 記錄課堂出缺席：
為校內萬一出現確診病患、需要掌握其接觸史，請教師以點名或拍照方式，掌握學生出缺席情況並做記錄。以首爾大學確診案例為實驗室工作人員的例子，也請各實驗室主管掌握進出實驗室各種人員的日期時間。
5. 加強清潔消毒：
清潔人員需戴口罩及手套進行清潔工作。人體易接觸區域如電梯按鍵、門把開關、樓梯扶手、會議室桌椅、茶水間、交誼廳……等，每日以1:100比例漂白水消毒。廁所清潔以1:100比例漂白水消毒。
6. 關懷諮商：
疫情來襲時，師生們或多或少都有些恐懼和心理影響。請不要因謠言而恐慌，以關懷代替臆測或排斥。如果發現自己對疫情的焦慮與擔憂已經影響睡眠或正常作息，可以聯絡諮商中心
http://counsel.site.nthu.edu.tw/p/406-1250-174531,r492.php?Lang=zh-tw
新學期開始，疫情雖不可避免地影響了我們的生活，希望師生們儘可能如常地學習、研究，在清華園中天天有進步。清華有最美麗的校園，鼓勵大家帶著電腦書本走向戶外，在大草坪做小組討論，成功湖畔、相思湖邊也是午餐的好地點。
防疫在生活中最基本的工夫是多洗手、室內多通風、必要時戴口罩，這些仍然是最好也最有效的方法。
當我們一起經歷過了疫情流行，我們將學會比過去更加的關懷幫助彼此、學校的環境更加衛生乾淨，未來我們會記得在清華園的日子是生命中最值得回憶的時光。
讓我們以最健康最謹慎的心情，一起迎接清華園的新學期!
校長 賀陳弘
109.2.29
Feb. 29, 2020
Dear faculty members, students, and staff,
How are you?
As the epidemic is heightening, we are going to embrace the beginning of this new semester which was postponed for two weeks.
I would like to thank many administrators who have worked together since the Lunar New Year holidays to install a few prevention measures before school begins. These measures include the designation of home-quarantine dormitories so that students returning from Hong Kong and Macau could safely finish a 14-day period of home quarantine. Luckily, they have all peacefully exited the quarantine dorms and ready for the new semester like the rest of us. Also, the respectful cleaning staff worked even harder than usual to prepare a clean and safe environment for everybody.
I also thank the officers of NTHU Student Associations for being active since the first day when we set up the University Epidemic Prevention Team. You have conveyed the points of view of the student body, you have provided many great suggestions, and delivered the university announcements to students in superb ways.
However, as the school is about to begin, some students and professors still stay in their countries, not able to return to Taiwan. NTHU has prepared flexible study programs, including online learning resources, and we sincerely wish them peace and that they can continue their study with no interruption. Hopefully, if the epidemic becomes less severe, they will come back to join us soon.
You will certainly find out that the campus is going to implement various additional epidemic-prevention measures. Though these measures can be inconvenient, we ask everybody to comply to them for the sake of everybody’s well-being. The measures include:
1. A comprehensive plan for body temperature measurement:
We have set up 19 body temperature booths (15 in the main campus, and 4 in the Nanda campus). Those who have normal temperatures will be marked with a sticker. I ask everybody to remind one another of this, so that we can be sure that everybody’s temperature is normal inside all the university buildings. Just in case if your temperature turns out abnormal, the Division of Health Services will inquire some of your personal information and follow up accordingly.
2. For faculty and staff members: if you entered Taiwan from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, South Korea, Italy, and countries listed under Travel Notice Level 1 or 2 (such as Japan, Singapore, Iran, and Thailand), please report to the Division of Health Services from this link: https://reurl.cc/RdKgy9. Your department or division are also requested to file in a separate report https://reurl.cc/72ZNMQ.
3. Video-based and flexible study programs:
To ensure that students continue to study in case that they cannot return to campus, we have asked teaching assistants to record and upload the lectures to the university e-learning systems (if the professor approves). If video recording is not plausible, we ask the professor to assign TAs for make-up classes and study consultation.
4. Class attendance:
If a confirmed COVID-19 case occurs in NTHU, we will need to clarify the patient’s disease contact history. Therefore, we have asked all teachers to check attendance at all time, perhaps by taking a picture, so that we have accurate records for every student’s presence and absence. For laboratory personnel management, we ask all the lab directors to thoroughly keep track of lab members’ entrance and exiting date and time.
5. Disinfection:
The cleaning staff will need to wear a mask and gloves at work. Bleach with 1:100 dilution will be used every day to disinfect places that are easily reached or touched by human body, including elevator buttons, doorknobs, staircase handrails, desks and chairs in meeting rooms, kitchenettes, social halls, and so on. Similarly, the toilets will be disinfected daily with 1:100 diluted bleach.
6. Caring and consultation:
During this difficult time, we might all be somewhat fearful and emotionally affected. Please do not panic over rumors; let us care for each other and do not exclude or speculate against anybody. If you find that your anxiety and worry is affecting your sleep or normal daily routine, you are encouraged to contact the University Counseling Center.
http://counsel-en.site.nthu.edu.tw/p/406-1292-174586,r1020.php?Lang=en
The epidemic is going to affect our life inevitably when the new semester begins. I wish that, as much as we can, we will study and do research normally, and keep making progress on our beautiful campus. Perhaps, we can enjoy picking up our books and laptops to study outdoors (weather permitting) on the lawn. Enjoying lunch at the lakeside may also be a good idea.
The most basic things we can do are to wash hands frequently, to have good ventilation indoors, and to wear a mask whenever necessary. I believe that these approaches will be effective.
When we go through this difficult time, we will care for and help one another even more than before, the school environment will become healthier and cleaner, and I believe that we will cherish every moment we spend here at NTHU as the most memorable time of our life.
Let us embrace the new semester with the most careful mind and a healthy heart!
From Your President, Hong Hecheng
"Learn To Love And You Will Always Be Loved"
THANK YOU SO MUCH TO ALL 1 MILLION SUBSCRIBER!
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Become a contributors click here https://app.senangpay.my/pay/contributor
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Sergeant Papa Chong trains our Ah Boys – Maxi Lim and Noah Yap - in the art of making delicious Spinach Lala Soup. But will the Ah Boys get punished again this episode?
Guests:
From Ah Boys to Men 4
Maxi Lim - https://instagram.com/originalmaxi/
Noah Yap - https://instagram.com/onlynoah/
Special Thanks:
Metro SG
Venue Sponsor:
The Eureka Cooking Lab
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Spinach Lala Soup Recipe
Preparation Time: ~ 25 minutes
Cooking Time: ~ 15 minutes
Total Duration: ~ 40 minutes
Serving Size: 4-5 pax
Ingredients Quantity
1) Spinach – 400g
2) Lala – 400g
3) Eggs - 3
4) Corn Flour – 2 tbsp
5) Light Soy Sauce – 1 tsp
6) Cold Water – 4 tbsp
7) White pepper – A dash
8) Oki Oil – 1 tsp
9) Water – 1L
10) Reserve Lala water from pre-boil – 1L
11) Salt – 1tbsp
Prep:
1) Boil 400g of lala till the shell opens. Put reserve water aside.
2) Wash the spinach, make sure to separate the stem from the base.
3) Cut the spinach into smaller pieces, add 1tbsp of salt to the spinach. Blanch it in 0.5L of water with ½tsp of oil. Put reserve water aside.
4) Blend the spinach.
5) Mix 3 eggs with 25ml of water and ½tsp of oil.
6) Mix 2tbsp of corn flour with 4tbsp of cold water.
Cooking:
1) Add an extra 0.5L of water into pot.
2) Add the corn flour mixture spoon by spoon to water and stir.
3) Slowly pour egg mixture to the center of pot when it is starting to boil and stir.
4) Pour blended spinach into pot and stir.
5) Pour 1L of reserve lala water to pot.
6) Add a dash of pepper and light soy sauce to taste.
7) Wait for soup to boil.
8) Add in lala after soup is boiled.
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INSTAGRAM
Papa Chong - https://instagram.com/papachongcooks/
Michelle Chong - https://instagram.com/immichellechong/
Left Profile - https://instagram.com/leftprofile/
FACEBOOK
Michelle Chong - https://facebook.com/michellechongrocks/
Left Profile - https://facebook.com/LeftProfilePage/
EMAIL
For business/artiste enquiries, email us directly at diana@leftprofile.com
VISIT OUR WEBSITE
https://leftprofile.com/
ADDRESS
Left Profile | Huat Films
18 Howard Road #09-05 Novelty BizCentre
Singapore 369585
Sergeant Papa Chong teaches our Ah Boys – Maxi Lim and Noah Yap – how to make Traditional Kampong Fried Rice! Will they meet his culinary standards?
Guests:
From Ah Boys to Men 4
Maxi Lim - https://instagram.com/originalmaxi/
Noah Yap - https://instagram.com/onlynoah/
Special Thanks:
Metro SG
Venue Sponsor:
The Eureka Cooking Lab
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Traditional Kampong Fried Rice Recipe
Preparation Time: ~ 7 minutes
Cooking Time: ~ 15 minutes
Total Duration: ~ 22 minutes
Serving Size: 5-6 Pax
Ingredients Quantity
1) Long beans – 200g
2) Eggs – 3
5) Garlic – 2 tbsp.
4) Corn Flour – ½ tbsp.
5) Light Soy Sauce – 1 ½ tbsp.
6) Overnight rice – 3 cups, cooked.
7) White pepper – ½ tbsp.
8) Hot water – 2 tbsp.
9) Oil – 4 tbsp.
Prep:
1) Pluck both ends of long beans and chop them into small pieces.
2) Crush the garlic and chop them.
3) Crack 3 eggs into a mixing bowl, add half tbsp. of corn flour and half tbsp. of light soy sauce and mix well.
4) Add 2 tbsp. of hot water into overnight rice to loosen it.
Cooking:
1) Pour 2 tbsp. of oil into non-stick wok and fry the eggs till slightly brown.
2) Shred the cooked eggs into smaller pieces and set it aside.
3) Add 2 tbsp. of oil into the wok and 2tbsp. of chopped garlic. Sauté till brown.
4) Add long beans to the wok and stir fry till slightly cooked.
5) Add overnight rice and stir fry together with garlic and long beans.
6) Add ½ tbsp. of pepper to the rice and 1 tbsp. of light soy sauce to the sides of the wok. This will help make the dish more fragrant.
7) Fry the rice for 4-5 minutes.
8) Add the shredded eggs to the rice.
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INSTAGRAM
Papa Chong - https://instagram.com/papachongcooks/
Michelle Chong - https://instagram.com/immichellechong/
Left Profile - https://instagram.com/leftprofile/
FACEBOOK
Michelle Chong - https://facebook.com/michellechongrocks/
Left Profile - https://facebook.com/LeftProfilePage/
EMAIL
For business/artiste enquiries, email us directly at diana@leftprofile.com
VISIT OUR WEBSITE
https://leftprofile.com/
ADDRESS
Left Profile | Huat Films
18 Howard Road #09-05 Novelty BizCentre
Singapore 369585
