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Christoph Waltz will return to the series.

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哈佛知識分享:《做生意的三個 S》 - 七集介紹、第一及第二集。做生意有三個 S: Survive (生存), Sustain (持續), and Succeed (成功). 全文內容:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1grPxQjlN7OUFarSI3KYLgbQL1-7Bw3-X3uPTqV9_mZA/edit?usp=drivesdk。。。。。。。My hobby 《星期六早餐會》! 七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying Michael Porter to your business: How to compete and win! 哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏? 講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。7月/8/9月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwinwww.edwinlee.com.hkwww.bwfund.com 聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143。。。。。。。1. 先講生存 survive - 即係收入多過支出。連錢都賺唔到，日日蝕做乞衣，唔好講嘢。 絕大部分生意，五年內都係生存唔到! 2. 再講持續性 sustain - 持續地賺到錢，持續地收入多過支出，Sustaining 養活咗99%中小企， 但佢哋永遠都係中小企 ，因為可能幾十年業績都浮浮沉沉! 3. 要成功就講 Succeed, I mean become really really Super Successful - How to win? 就要講策略 Strategy. Do you have a strategy? 你做生意有無策略? 根據哈佛最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter  The first test of a strategy is whether your value proposition is different from your rivals. If you are trying to serve the same customers and meet the same needs and sell at the same relative price, then you dont have a strategy.  如果你嘅價值主張係同你嘅競爭對手一樣， 即係話你服務緊同一班客， 解決緊同一問題， 收緊差唔多價錢的話， 哈佛教授米高波特就講你係「人做你做」，你「無策略」 。 長遠，你唔會賺大錢! You can only sustain, but cannot be super successful! 咁應該點? Understanding Michael Porter! 何謂競爭? 何謂策略? 如何勝出?  What is competition? What is strategy? How to win? Michael Porter 相信係仲在生最出名嘅大學策略教授， 佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porters Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 1980提出嘅 Four Generic Strategies (四個一般策略)， 1985年再提出嘅 Value-Chain Analysis (價值鏈分析)， 讀過任何 business school 嘅同學都應該學過。 佢今年已經七十四歲， 唔知仲可以教多幾耐書，有幸我2017年去哈佛大學親身上過佢課程，畢生受用。今次我就一連七集，同你分享呢本書 Understnding Michael Porter。(1) Competition, whats the right mindset? 你應該點諗「競爭」? (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? (3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你有競爭優勢? (4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?(5) The trade-offs. 要「取」得更多，就要「捨」得更多。 做生意如何「取捨」? (6) Fit. 成間公司要言行一致! 全部力要向同一個方向走。(7) Continuity. 持續性，無得急! 路遙知馬力!有興趣聽多啲，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下一集同你先講 (1) What is competition?  whats the right mindset? 乜嘢係「競爭」? 你應該點諗「競爭」?第一集:哈佛知識分享:《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? Whats the right mindset? 一連七集: 今集同你先講《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? Whats the right mindset? 做生意你可以 Me Too, Me Better 或者 .... Me What? 乜嘢? 等陣再講。Me too, 就係「人做你做」， 你要贏，只能夠鬥平!  同一碟乾炒牛河， 如果一樣味道，你就係要賣平啲，人哋先幫襯你。Me better，就係你做得叻啲，你做得好啲、快啲、靚啲、新啲， 咁你就可以收貴啲! 你碟乾炒牛河，真材實料的，好味啲，就可以賣貴啲。可惜前兩者，都係一個零和遊戲。 你贏，就人哋輸。 人哋贏，就你輸。個餅係得咁大，你日日講 market share (市場佔有率)，但無新行業價值製造過， 個餅冇大到。根據哈佛策略教授 Michael Porter， 做生意除咗 Me Too, Me Better, 你要盡量做到 NOT Me Best ... but ME ONLY. Be unique! 你做生意必需具獨特性。佢話做生意 there is simply NO BEST! 冇話「最好」，因為唔同人客有唔同需要，你嘅產品啱，他們自然有需求。你要「創造需要」! 包括我在內， 之前香港都無「商舖基金」，買賣舖只有鬥平鬥靚。 但如果間鋪又要靚，又賣得平，硬係無錢賺。唯有靠大市升。但萬一唔升? 一個社運/肺炎，馬上個個炒家/投資者停晒。 依家個市好啲， 馬上「短炒」出返曬嚟。 但我覺得做生意係唔可以靠個市升去賺錢。 要個市跌，甚至乎大跌，都搵到食，咁先至係一盤生意。 容許我好自豪地講，社運/肺炎後，我哋買入咗31間香港街舖，沽出咗11間，合共約港幣7.9億嘅街舖，沽得嘅，間間賺錢，論宗數及論回報，都係同期全港 by far，I mean really really by far 最多!  我哋點做? 就係因為我哋行咗 Michael Porter 所講嘅，Be Unique ... be ME ONLY. 根據呢本書，Understanding Michael Porter, 佢講 whats the right mind-set for competition? 你應該點諗競爭? 盡量得，你應該諗 Not be the the best, but be unique。 唔係要做到最好，而係做到最獨特。Not be number 1, but earn higher returns. 唔係要做到第一，而係要多啲回報，賺多啲錢! Not focus on market share, but focus on profits. 唔係要市佔率，係要利潤。Not serve the best customer with best product, but meet the diverse needs of target customers. 唔係要「最好」嘅產品，畀「最好」嘅客。而係 用唔同嘅產品，滿足唔同顧客嘅需求。Not compete by imitation, but compete by innovation. 唔係人做你做，而係要創新! Not ZERO SUM game, but POSITIVE SUM. 唔係「零和遊戲」、互相廝殺， 而係大家從不同層面創造價值， 可以有好多個贏家。記住競爭，唔代表你一定要贏人。 打到兩敗俱傷，又有乜意思呢?  如果即使你打唔打低人，自己能夠賺多啲錢，咁又 why not? 點解要去打低人呢? Strategy explains how an organization, faced with competition, will achieve superior performance. The definition is deceptively simple. by Michael Porter. 好的策略，就係能夠解釋到點解有競爭對手環境下，你公司依然能夠達致較高回報。Operation effectiveness is different from having a good strategy. 有高嘅營運效率，唔代表有好嘅策略。Michael Porter 話 Operation effectivness 就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面係咁跑咁， 無論你點跑得快，你都只係繼續喺個圈入面。 你可以勤力啲、做得快啲、做得好啲，但始終你繼續都係喺個圈入面。但有好嘅策略，a good strategy , 就能幫你跳出呢個圈，帶去你想去嘅地方。If rivals all pursue the one best way to compete, they will find themselves on collision course. by Michael Porter「如果所有競爭對手，都朝著一個「做到最好」的方向競爭， 大家只會撞到頭破血流。」Strategic competition means choosing a path different from that of others.  by Michael Porter「策略性競爭是指揀一條同競爭對手唔同的路。」好似間茶餐廳咁， 你可以炒餸快啲，上菜快啲，服務好啲，埋單走多兩轉， 但係始終都係一間茶餐廳，只係做緊 Me Too 或者 Me Better. 人哋唔去你嗰間，就去另一間，係一個「零和遊戲」。 無論你點做得快啲、好啲，競爭對手一樣都會嘗試追上。 無策略，你會跑得好辛苦。 喺個圈入面繼續跑來跑去。另一種諗法，或者你可以把間茶餐廳， 變成專做外賣， 加埋其他餐廳上你平台， 加下加下，變下變下，變成間 Deliveroo。同前者一樣，大家都係做食，但你專做外賣，咁你會唔會係 more unique? 更獨特! Earn higher returns， compete by innovation AND 做大啲個餅 positive sum game 呢? 會唔會有原本唔想食茶餐廳嘅人，都叫咗外賣返屋企食呢? Deliveroo 依家倫敦上市嘅市值係超過500億港幣， 試問有幾多間茶餐廳或飲食集團能做到呢?唔想咁大改變? 試想想賣漢堡包。 麥當勞係全球最大快餐店，唔駛講。 佢嘅漢堡包係賣得最快，最多! 但你識唔識呢個女人? Lynsi Snyder. In-N-Out Burger 第三代接班人。Michael Porter 話相比起麥當勞，佢唔係要最快最大最多，In-N-Out Burger 係要最新鮮嘅食材，never frozen, never microwaved，最有傳統風味，最具 family tradition 家族色彩， 餐牌/秘方基本上70年都不變過。McDonald / Burger King 餐牌有超過80樣嘢揀，佢只得少過15。 佢要嘅係家庭傳統 family tradition！ 佢係要做少啲，做好啲，每人分多啲。雖然每間分店都賺到錢， 以舖比舖，平均每間In-N-Out Burger 舖嘅營業額係每年450萬美金，高過麥當勞的舖平均每年260萬美金，高出七成。每間 In-N-Out 舖嘅 Profit margin 估計高達20％，比同行競爭對手亦高出一倍， 佢就係要特登開少啲，開慢啲。用咗70年時間， 只係開咗三百幾間，全部自己直接經營兼自置物業， 為咗容易管理，絕大部分分店都係喺美國西岸。 佢每開一間分店往往啲人都要大排長龍， 有人揸幾個鐘頭車，甚至乎搭飛機/酒店過夜專登去食。...... 因為每間舖賺到錢，個個員工人工都特別高。例如，根據網上薪酬統計網站   Glassdoor.com，In-N-Out Burger 嘅 Store Manager 店長平均人工加花紅，係年薪美金16萬3千元。 麥當勞? 係美國只係4萬4千美金。In-N-Out Burger 高出近3倍。 最基層員工，人工都比市場高出5成。人工高，自然員工做耐啲，平均Store Manager 店長都做17年，員工上下一家人感覺強啲，對人客笑容自然多啲，服務好啲。比起麥當勞，佢哋唔係鬥快鬥多。In-N-Out Burger 每個客往往都要等成起碼十分鐘先有漢堡包食。提起 Mobile ordering 手機落單， 咁啲人客唔使等咁耐? 聽下佢 CEO Lynsi Snyder 點講? ...... Be definition of Michael Porter, In-N-Out Burger is pursuing a different path from that of others. 行緊條自己嘅路。Be unique! Not to be number 1, but to earn higher returns. Not to focus on market share, but on profit.  唔同嘅客有唔同需求，既然自己回報可以高啲，點解需要打低競爭對手呢? Positive Sum Game, 個餅係做大咗!  雖然佢聲稱永遠都唔搞 franchise，永遠唔搞上市，全部自己親自經營，根據2021年福布斯富豪榜，In-N-Out 第三代老闆 Lynsi Snyder 身家現有36億美金，係榜內最年輕女士。 麥當勞嘅創辦人呢? 都唔知去咗邊度! 你呢? 你又打算點樣同人競爭? 記住，Michael Porter 話:In the vast majority of businesses, there is simply no such thing as the best. 絕大部分嘅生意， 冇嘢叫做絕對嘅「最好」! BE UNIQUE. 做到 ME ONLY! Winning without beating others! 「唔使打低競爭對手都勝出!」咁先至係「贏」嘅最高境界。有興趣聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? 有時間就睇埋幾年前 CBS 對In-N-Out Burger 嘅報導，家族經歷過幾次嘅悲劇，依家留到第三代，佢哋嘅堅持可能亦對你做生意有所啟發。第二集:哈佛知識分享: What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. Its to earn profits. 競爭，最重要唔係要打低競爭 對手，而係要賺錢!  - My favorite quote from Michael Porter. 今次一連七集同你講 Michael Porter. 上集同你講咗《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? Whats the right mindset? 今集同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響? 巴菲特 Warren Buffett 曾經講過: “When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.”當好聲譽嘅經理， 遇上差回報聲譽嘅行業，通常係行業嘅聲譽會繼續留低。因此我經常話「先揀行業，後諗點做!」 做生意就好似賽馬比賽咁，要勝出，行業就係隻馬，老闆就係個騎師。 隻馬識飛嘅，騎師煲兩口煙都能勝出， 如果佢再加把勁， 鞭多兩下，咁就不得了， 可能賺到盤滿缽滿! 但如果隻馬係跛嘅，唔通騎師跑埋一份咩?! 咁就騎師唯有先要醫番好隻馬，再去比賽， 咁勝出機會率才更大。但如何分析隻馬 (即係個行業) fit 唔 fit? 根據哈佛大學最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter，佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porters Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 從五個層面分析個行業得唔得， 亦都係可以就住呢五個層面加強隻馬嘅競爭力。分別係: (1) Bargaining Power of Buyers 買家的議價能力。 (2) Bargaining Power of Suppliers 供應商的議價能力。(3) Barriers to Entry 入行門檻。 (4) Threat of Substitutes 代替品的威脅。 (5) Internal Rivalry 內部競爭的激烈程度。 近年好多人提出，應再加多第6個: (6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在。 要賺錢就係希望價錢 (Price) 高過成本 (Cost)， 相差越大，你就賺錢越多。 但你要賺錢，你要知道你唔單止係同你競爭對手爭緊， 你同一時間係同緊你嘅買家、供應商、代替品、及潛在入行競爭者爭! 逐個逐個同你講，因為: (1) 越大買家的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Buyers，就會把你價錢越撳低， 因為買家佢哋會講價，所以唔可以太依賴某個買家。 一般嚟講，如果最大嘅客戶佔你超過10%營業額，或者最大五個客戶佔你25%或以上營業額， 你就有customer concentration risk, 過份客戶集中的風險。 因為你好怕佢哋走， 佢哋議價能力就自然提升。 好多廠，某個歐美大客訂單都分分鐘佔咗超過一半生意額， 因此經常畀人牽住鼻子走，好多嘢做，但賺唔到錢。Powerful buyers will force prices down or demand more value in the product, thus capturing more of the value for themselves. by Michael Porter 「議價能力強嘅買家，會把價格推低或者對產品要求提升， 從而買家自己得到更大價值。」包括我自己在內， 前排某大美資基金，管理美金資產幾百億，話同俾我幾十億同我合作投資商舖，但條件多多， 又呢樣又嗰樣 ... 唔只一間，仲有好多其他，我全部 say No。 就係因為我唔想過份依靠某大客，當我無本事。 我想細細間，慢慢增長，玩耐啲。遠遠好過霎時間爆發得太快，遲早市況一逆轉就爆鑊。我成日話，我每季只係希望集資港幣6000萬，加我自己 top up 25%， 冇咁大個頭，唔好戴咁大頂帽 。我自己個 fund 每季集資，每年淨資產增長四五億港幣，每個月拉勻買入港幣5000萬街舖，沽2000萬，Im happy! 買下買下，好快就買足1000間街舖。要依賴就依賴我自己，信得過多好多。為咗增長，你又有冇過份依賴某個或幾個大客呢? 如果佢哋鏈你或者執咗，你又會點呢?仲有， 唔單止客人大，佢哋嘅議價能力先至強。如果你嘅產品係市場係冇乜差異化， no differentiation, 人做你做， me too strategy, 個個都係度格價的話，佢哋買家議價能力都係好強。因為人哋平一蚊，佢哋就走咗，buyers are very price sensitive, 你為咗留客，唯有減價。因此，you have to be different， 同其他競爭對手有所唔同， 咁即是你加價，買家都留低幫襯你。 但問心，你盤生意同人哋又有幾唔同呢? (2) 越大供應商的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Suppliers，就會把你成本提升，因為供應商佢哋會加價。員工、舖嘅業主都係間茶餐廳嘅供應商。 銀行就係財務公司嘅供應商， 我最大嘅供應商就係嗰班沽舖嘅業主， 因為每個月我洗緊五千萬入貨。Powerful suppliers will charge higher prices or insist on more favorable terms, lowering industry profitability. by Michael Porter 「議價力強嘅供應商，會收貴啲價錢，或者要求更有利嘅條款 ，導致降低成個行業嘅利潤率。」香港好多生意都係代理某品牌/產品或 franchise (特許經營)開始，佢哋都係供應商。但如果咁多年不斷都只係靠做代理/franchise，好就好，萬一外國某品牌易手或同第二代唔啱，咁就大鑊。Michael Porter 話，如果 switching cost (轉換成本)係高嘅， 例如果佢哋要重新當地請人 、重新開舖、重新鋪設個網絡，供應商都可能焗住留低，佢哋嘅 bargaining power (議價能力)會下降。 但如果， 一下子終止代理或 franchise 協議，就所有嘢歸佢，咁你就大鑊! 供應商嘅議價能力極強， 就好似香港嘅7-11咁。7-11而家在香港開到一千間分店，當中大約400間係特許經營。話就話係特許經營比創業者創業，實質上所有嘢都係歸牛奶公司 (7-11母公司)， 加盟者其實只係攞住嚿錢打份工， 話走就走，人客都唔知發生乜事。 問心，你同我都唔知邊間7-11是嗰400間特許經營。咁樣供應商的議價能力 bargaining power of supplier 就極強。 因此， 我認識好多711的加盟者， 勤力守規矩一定搵到食，但發達，住山頂洋樓養番狗?! 我 so far 仲未聽過。做生意目標，根據 Michael Porter, 就係要把你嘅供應商議價能力降低。 從多啲唔同渠道入貨，流程盡量標準化，好似大家樂/McDonalds 咁，咁對員工既依賴程度亦都會降低。 做代理嘅，就 make sure 即使唔做，啲人物、網絡係歸你。 我識好多朋友，都係一面做代理，另一邊就建立自己品牌， 打長短棍做生意。 代理係短棍(賺錢)，自己品牌係長棍(投資)，睇長線。你又打算點降低你對供應商嘅依賴程度， 增強你自己嘅議價能力呢? (3) 越低入行門檻 Barrier of Entry 就會把你價錢下降及成本提升， 因為多人入嚟爭，自然大家都減價促銷及加價搶人搶貨。Entry barriers protect an industry from newcomers who would add new capacity. by Michael Porter 入行門檻會減低新加入者增加產量。 產量多，自然價格下跌。 向供應放入貨都會多咗，亦都會搶高來貨價。 因此做生意嘅你，就要盡將個入行門檻提升。主要有三方法: (1) 做到好大，有規模經濟(economies of scale)， 咁你每件貨生產嘅平均成本就會下降，即是規模報酬遞增(increasing returns to scale)， 咁競爭對手就好難入嚟同你爭。(2) 做到好專， 只要你有某專業知識，人客就會好依賴獨有技能。 例如我自己唔單止淨係投資地產，我係專買街舖。 我唔單止係領展/黑石等大地產基金，大我唔夠他們大，但我係專買香港五六千萬以下街舖嘅商舖基金。 當你做得專，人客自然好難搵替代品。(3) 當多一個人客使用，對原本個人客價值就提升，this is what we call Network Effect (網絡效應)。例如whatsapp/wechat/facebook/youtube，全世界只得你一個人用就冇用，越人用對你嘅價值就提升。如果你有齊以上三樣嘢，恭喜你，新競爭對手好難入嚟同你爭! 你有排賺錢。 但如果你三樣都冇，你只係 Me too Me Better 嘅策略的話， 我估你只會繼續浮浮沉沉, survive (生存) and sustain (持續)唔難, 但好難 become super successful (好成功). 第四動力 : (4) 越大代替品的威脅 Threat of Substitites 就會把你價格下降， 因為人客可以選擇其他商品，唔駛用你。Substitutes  - products or services that meet the same basic need as the industrys product in a different way - put a cap on industry profitability.  by Michael Porter 「產品或者服務嘅代替品， 會把整個行業嘅利潤封頂。」例如 DVD rental 租碟， 令到好多人唔駛買碟. 有 Netflix 嘅 streaming 就唔駛再去租碟。 有高鐵就搭少啲飛機， 有whatsapp就打少啲電話， 有數碼相機就少人用菲林相機。Its all true! 因此你經常都要諗下你嘅行頭會唔會突然間有代替品 substitutes  去衝擊你成個行業。 咁你點應對呢?包括我自己在內，有網購，就自然落少間舖買嘢。 因此長遠舖價必定受網購影響。 但我只買街舖， 香港有大約有十萬間街舖， 我只想好似7-11咁，當中揸住一千間，我係業主。即1％。 我相信網購點發達，都唔會快過你行過條街口喝入去7-11買包嘢飲。 因此我揀舖都要好小心。 我只買街埔，係因為街舖冇新供應。 網站可以有好多個，商場可以再起一千個，但街鋪無。 啟德、東涌、將軍澳、明日大嶼都好，都係無街舖賣。 物以罕為貴。而我盡量都只買可以做飲食及服務業嘅街舖， 難被網購取代。如果純粹做零售、乾貨，投資就要好小心。你行頭嘅產品或者服務，又輕唔輕易被替代品取代呢?最後 (5) 越大內部競爭的激烈程度 Internal Rivalry 價格就越低及成本也越高，因為大家同行都鬥平鬥靚， 可能導致割喉式競爭。If rivalry is intense, companies compete away the value they create, passing it on to buyers in lower prices or dissipating it in higher costs of competing. by Michael Porter 如果行頭有割喉式競爭，任何價值製造嘅利潤， 都會因為減價或者成本上升而消失。咁你又點知道你個行頭易唔易會有割喉式競爭? 睇6樣嘢: (1) 大家競爭對手係唔係差唔多大細，好多好散。好似街市咁，咁就好容易減價競爭。 但如突然有一兩個大嘅龍頭冒起， 好似百佳/惠康咁，反而會穩定價格。(2) 大家賣嘅產品差唔多， 好容易格價。 例如手機品牌、電子產品。(3) 好多人入嚟爭，唔係為錢而爭， 而係為社會貢獻或者國家任務而爭。(4) 整體行業增長好慢， 甚至乎收縮，變成「困獸鬥」(5) 產品係 perishable 即係 時間係敵人! 呢一刻唔要，之後想要返都唔得。 例如: 酒店房，今晚唔住，聽日就有其他人。 機位今日唔答，聽日就已經飛走咗。 因此今日就大家都要劈價求售。(6) High Exit Barrier 高離開行業嘅門檻， 好多生意，唔係話走就走，好多面子面俾、好多員工要炒、好多數要找、 老豆、阿爺留落嚟， 阿孫阿仔焗住要做， 有生意但唔識變通嘅，唯有減價。Price competition is the most dangerous form of rivalry. by Michael Porter 價格競爭係最危險嘅競爭。 好彩我選擇買舖。因為間間街舖都唔同，有獨特，無炒家會入嚟做蝕本生意，即時今日唔減價賣，一百年後間舖都仲喺度，時間係朋友，舖價仲分分鐘升咗。自問，平時你又有幾大劈價求售嘅壓力呢? 你點樣可以做得獨特性，唔同人哋割喉式競爭呢?  把時間變成朋友呢?以上就係 Michael Porter 1979年首次提出嘅 Porters Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力)， 近年好多人都提倡應該有第六個。(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在 (仲於有個好嘢!) 。越多就越把價錢提升及成本下降，因為多咗馬路 (車嘅 complements) 就自然更多人想買車， 更多人想買車，就自然車價格上升，每架車生產及銷售成本也下降。做餐廳嘅，Deliveroo 可能係 complements 互補品, 馬上送外賣成本下降。 做電動車嘅，多啲充電站就係互補品，令到多啲人買電動車。4G/5G 上網快咗，係手機遊戲嘅 completment. 唔同嘅 Apps 都係買手機嘅 completment. 越多人創業，都係我買舖嘅 complement. Michael Porter 話做生意，就要明白以上五加一項的行業推動力，點樣影響整個行業嘅利潤。 頭五樣，is not Add-Up effect，唔係睇總和，而係只要一個差至極點， 成個行頭及你盤生意好易玩完。 例如有咗手機網上新聞之後， threat of substitute 代替品嘅威脅，舊式嘅報紙檔/雜誌社就執一間少一間。 如果你做餐廳只得一間舖，咁多年來太依賴某業主單一位置， 唔知係咪因為風水好定心頭好，萬一業主一沽舖，下手買家大幅加租，盤生意也馬上玩完。記住 Bargain power of supplier 業主就係你供應商， 如果你冇得搬，佢議價能力就好強。因此，做生意你就係要盡量想辦法， 把握以上五加一動力，加強你自己嘅生意穩定性及賺錢能力。記住，一開場我話: The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. Its to earn profits. 競爭，最重要唔係要贏對手，而係要賺錢!  要賺錢，長遠賺得穩定，就要好好把握頭5大動力，把他們盡量推下降，及第6動力盡量拉上升。有興趣一齊研究下點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你更具競爭優勢? 。。。。。My hobby 《星期六早餐會》! 七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying Michael Porter to your business: How to compete and win! 哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏? 講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。7月/8月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwinwww.edwinlee.com.hkwww.bwfund.com 聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143#michael_porter #競爭策略

Question 3

the most dangerous game國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University 在Facebook 的評價

Accepted Answer

【國立臺灣大學 109學年度畢業典禮 貴賓致詞】Commencement Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021    .巨大集團 羅祥安前執行長Giant Group Former CEO Anthony Lo管校長，羅副校長，各位貴賓，畢業生的家長跟朋友們，還有今天最重要的2021年臺大的畢業生，大家早安、大家好！首先恭喜你們，今天從全世界最優秀大學之一的臺灣大學畢業了！在過去幾年，在管校長，以「大學教改」和「國際化」的理念，率領全體師生的努力之下，臺大在全世界的能見度，和各項排名，都有顯著的進步，也讓身為校友的我們倍感光榮。是不是我們大家一起鼓掌，給自己鼓勵一下好不好！你們今天剛剛畢業，但是你們已經創造了臺大一項新的紀錄：第一次，沒有傳統畢業典禮的畢業生。這將是你們人生一個非常特別的回憶，也預表了你們未來將會有與眾不同的表現，和非凡的成就。現在的世界，局勢是在東方跟西方的勢力，彼此對抗而動盪不安。而全世界的經濟活動，也因為科技的突破性創新，而受到很大的影響。不盡理想的、不盡公平的全球化，也將逐漸地變成 全球在地化。而COVID-19肆虐全球的結果，使得臺灣跟全世界，大家的生活型態、社會的結構、經濟活動的節奏都被打亂了，而必須要加以全面的整理跟重新的架構。這當然是一個危機，但是更是一個絕好的機會。所以，將你們迎面而來的，是無數的創新的機會，以及冒險卻令人興奮的全新挑戰。因為臺灣，這是第一次跟全世界各個國家，同步的站在一個嶄新的共同起跑點上面。所以我要恭喜你們，你們躬逢其會，將要進入一個充滿希望、嶄新的時代。我是1969年從臺大畢業的，所以我想今天就以我畢業之後的50多年，人生的一些學習和體會，來跟諸位分享，給諸位作個參考。當我大學畢業的時候，我滿懷抱負，迫不及待地想要大展身手，我當時進入臺灣最大的貿易公司工作，但是我發現我所學的很多東西，只有一些國際貿易的實務跟英文有用，至於其他我所學習到的經營管理的很多知識，恐怕都要等到10年、20年之後，如果我有幸當上高級主管才能派上用場。更諷刺的是，我是商學系畢業的，但是工作兩年後，我發現我真的不喜歡做商人，我也不喜歡做生意，我有興趣的是做事業。後來，幸好我有聆聽我心裡面的微弱的聲音，決定踏進自行車業，放棄掉台北最好的貿易公司的金飯碗，而去參加在大甲一個只有38個人的小公司，來追求我的夢想。那時候許多人認為我腦筋有問題，頭殼壞去，但現在回顧回來，我當時是做了人生一個非常好的決定。創業的過程飽受艱辛，但是我也學到了很多寶貴的經驗：我首先學到的，是在做事之前，必須要先學做人。人必須要誠信踏實，不能自私自利，而要利他共好。要隨時心存感恩，尊重、關切別人。要熱愛這個世界，並且要了解到一個人的能力是有限的，而必須要去建立互信、互助的人際關係；要融入群體、要發揮團隊的精神。在做事方面，一定要以正面積極的態度，認真努力去工作。 而且不要怕失敗，要勇於接受新的挑戰。因為如果有失敗了，那只是代表說你又更靠近成功一步了。要作中學，學中作，要虛心好奇的終身學習，開拓挑戰、追求卓越。在這裡，我想要送給大家一個很特別的畢業禮物，就是兩個「成功的錦囊」。第一個錦囊：不管你做什麼工作，不論你職務的高低，永遠都要站在顧客的立場，來為他們設想，還能做什麼，讓他們能夠得到更多的創新價值。第二個錦囊：無論作什麼工作，不管你職務的高低，永遠都要站在經營者的角度來為公司設想，要做什麼，才能讓公司更健康，永續經營跟發展。既使你們把我後面講的很多東西都忘記了，沒關係，但是這個畢業禮物你們一定要記得帶回去，因為這些「同理心」的兩個錦囊，在未來會給你們帶來意想不到的祝福！其次我體會到，名跟利都是副產品。正產品是你成為什麼樣的人，成就什麼樣的事。當正產品是對的時候，名跟利都自然會來。所以我鼓勵大家在找工作的時候，不要太計較開始的薪水和待遇。因為事實上，一個新人，在前面三年是很難有大的貢獻的，反過來只是公司發薪水來給你培訓而已。所以選擇一個有意義的行業，找一家你可以學習進步的好公司，這才是重要的。第三，我學習到 知識不等於智慧。諸位都學有專精，有很多寶貴的知識，但這些知識必須要實際去做才能夠產生經驗，而累積的時候會有不同經驗的反省、學習、跟體會，尤其是從那些失敗的經 驗，才能夠漸漸地凝結成有用的智慧。我的成長過程分成三段，開始我是一個「I」型的人，我擁有一些經營管理的基本的能力。後來因為工作的需要和我的好奇心，我漸漸地學習到技術開發、製造生產、品牌推廣、全球經營、以及行銷、服務等等寶貴的經驗，這樣漸漸地，我就形成一個「T」型的一個跨界的人才。但是到了我真正找到公司未來的使命跟方向，並且把它跟我的人生目標結合在一起，熱情的、積極去推動的時候，那時候我終於成為一個「十字架」型的一個領導者。當公司發展得比較穩定之後，我就面臨要如何來替公司規劃願景、使命、定位，跟長期策略。在這個階段，我有一些新的體會：首先，你必須要能夠畫出一個「黃金正三角形」，正三角形是最穩定的，上面是戰略，中間是戰術，下面是戰鬥。先要有正確的戰略，才能衍伸出有效的戰術，再根據這個戰術去貫徹戰鬥的執行。換言之，戰略就是做對的事情，戰術就是對的方法，戰鬥就是用對的方法去把事情做對做好，並且不斷地去持續改善。想要能夠思考出長期的戰略，就必須要有洞察力。我很喜歡看地球儀，就是那種在一個架子上面，有一個可以轉動的地球模型。當你把地球轉動的時候，你看到上面每一個地方、每一個國家，它的地理位置、它的自然生態，以及你思考它的歷史的演變跟它的發展，這樣子你就能夠得出一個整體的，跟全方位的一個概念。在思考長期戰略的時候，很不容易得出一個有突破性的一個創見，它的原因往往是因為「當局者迷」的關係。所以當我考慮長期戰略的時候，我會把自己設想，好像從一個人造衛星上面，來觀看一個轉動的地球。以宇宙格局的高度，以全球視野的廣度，以歷史演進的長度，這樣子你就能夠以一個「旁觀者清」的姿態和角度，來正面、反面深入思考，這樣子你就可能得到一個突破性的一個解答。「世界的捷安特」跟「全球在地化」的品牌經營—這樣子的策略、願景就是這樣產生的。另外一種洞察力，是如何推出給人們有創新價值的產品跟服務。這就要時時地站在人文跟科技的十字路口，仔細觀察它們的變化，然後活用科技的進步，為人文潛在的需求，適時地提供最佳的解決方案。捷安特的Cycling世界，就是用這種方法，不斷的推出創新價值的產品。我們在經營上也有發展出一個特別的理念，那就是「不求第一，要作惟一」。全世界的人這麼多，但沒有兩個人的指紋是一樣的， 所以每一個人都是獨一無二、都是惟一的。可見當上帝造每一個人的時候，祂都有衪特別的計劃，而且也把成功所需要的能力跟要素，已經放在你的心中，等待你取用。所以每一個人不應該只是模仿別人，或者是按照別人的期望來生活，而應該要找出並且發揮自己的天賦，真正做自己，成為惟一，才能夠活出精采的生命。企業也是一樣，不能隨波逐流，必須要找出什麼才是對的，什麼是合適你的，什麼才是有意義、對這個世界有貢獻的，這個才是惟一。當你精益求精，努力的想要成為惟一的時侯，你才能夠找到真正正確的目標，以及永續生存的價值。如果事事都想為第一，那麼你可能去追求很多不切實際的目標，而被你無法承受的巨大壓力所摧毀。或者，因為不擇手段，最後走上一些錯誤的道路。在長期追求惟一的過程當中，我也得到兩個重要的體會：當你決心做一件對的事情，而且不屈不撓，勇敢堅持奮鬥的時候，全宇宙的力量都會起來幫助你。另外，把一件有意義的事情，用生命的力量把它作好，你就有可能改變這個世界！我鼓勵你們，聆聽你們內心深處的微小的聲音，讓它引導你們，去尋找到你們的天賦，了解你們的命定。不求第一，要作惟一。做你真正的自己，成為惟一。活出你精彩的生命，享受你幸福的人生！很多人說，生長在臺灣的人，一輩子裡面一定要完成三項挑戰：登玉山、泳渡日月潭、還有騎自行車環島。我覺得這非常有道理。所以我建議大家在畢業以後，在去當兵、就業之前，不妨參加一個自行車環島的旅行團，用九天的時間，仔細的去體會、欣賞寶島臺灣的美好，用自行車的輪胎去親吻，這塊生你長你的美麗大地，就當作是送給你自己的一個畢業禮物吧！那教授們跟家長們，可能會想說，啊！太可惜了，我畢業的時候沒有騎自行車環島，我現在已經五六十歲了。沒關係，你這個年紀正好來從事人生的壯遊。我們臺大的校長－管校長，在今年的一月份，就勇敢的完成他夢寐以求的自行車環島的壯遊。我們給管爺一個掌聲好不好？有人認為臺灣很小、沒有前途，真的是這樣嗎？世界經濟論壇每年都要把全世界的國家的實力做一個調查跟排名。讓我們來看一下臺灣的排名。全世界有235個國家，就面積來講，我們排名第137；就人口來講，第57；就經濟體來講，第21；就整體競爭力來講，排名第11；而創新力，臺灣排名第4。沒錯，臺灣的確不大，但是我們很強，我們可以很有前途！可預見的，未來的世界將會成為美、歐、亞三區鼎力的這個新局面。就像三個圓圈，各自都以自己的利益為優先，並且彼此長期的競爭、對抗和抵制，但是同時又不得不相互的維持一些必要的連結。而在每一個圈裡面，它將持續的有很多劇烈的改變，就像一個暴風圈一樣。而這三個暴風圈連結在一起，就形成一個所謂完全風暴PERFECT STORM。最近經濟學人雜誌，把臺灣當作封面，稱臺灣為地球上最危險的地方，但同時又是科技業最關鍵的地方。我個人倒認為，未來臺灣可能是處在一個最有利的地位，就在那三個暴風圈中間的那個颱風眼，也就是這三個圈圈彼此連結交會的中心點。這個地方看起來好像危險，其實是最安全、最有利、又是最關鍵的地方。當三個暴風圈無可避免的，參與在一個長期的競爭、對抗、跟抵制－這樣一個零和的賽局裡面。那臺灣並不屬於任何一個圈圈，也不需要去參與這些競爭、對抗跟抵制。而可以去想說，我可以在這個關鍵的中心點，替這個世界來提供什麼樣子的創新價值的貢獻。臺灣過去50年的努力累積了很多技術開發、製造管理、金融資本，社會資源，以及民主法治體制，這些稀有而寶貴的實力。而且如果以全世界作為舞台，那麼，能夠精通中文跟英文、能夠深切的了解東方西方的文化；有專業，又能跨界，謙卑而不自卑，自信而不自大的臺灣人，可能是全世界最優秀的人才。未來無法被預測，但是可以被創造！30年前，有誰能夠預測到說臺灣會產生世界級的台積電跟捷安特？台積電秉持著作惟一的理念，以全球晶圓代工的戰略，厚植實力，打造了優質高效的供應鏈，把臺灣變成一個科技島。以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界的半導體市場。捷安特也秉持著作惟一的理念，以世界的捷安特，全球在地化的品牌戰略，帶領A-Team把臺灣變成全世界高級車的中心，又積極的推動Cycling的新文化，把臺灣發展成一個自行車島，以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界自行車的市場。在這裡我也期許我們臺大，也能夠以作惟一這樣子的理念，轉動引領世界，變成全世界最優秀人才培養的最佳搖籃。未來的50年，臺灣將迎來前所未有最大的機運！所以臺灣是不是應該要脫離過去單純競爭的心態，而來積極的謀求長期的未來生存之道，或者更進一步要問自己：臺灣可以為世界貢獻些什麼？臺灣不應該只是消極的「根留臺灣」，而應該更主動積極的「放眼全球、立足亞太、深根臺灣」。臺灣過去的50年，那是一個非常艱辛跟特別的階段。很慶幸的，臺灣在那個階段裡面，是屬於勝利的這一組。現在是應該到了必須要了解過去、深入現在、策劃未來，這個重要關鍵的時刻。要如何的以宇宙格局的高度、以全球視野的廣度、以及歷史演進的長度，衡外情，量己力，來為臺灣重新的定位，重新畫一個正確的戰略、戰術、戰鬥的黃金三角形。讓臺灣能夠真正發揮自己的長處，能夠打造創新價值的優勢，成為惟一、做Only One！要能夠創造一個更安全、更廣闊、更興盛－全新的藍海。臺灣必須要成為世界的好公民，繼續的為全世界做更多、更好的貢獻！2021的畢業生們，在你們當中有未來國家的領導人、有全球企業的創造者、有在社會各行各業、方方面面的核心人才，所以臺灣未來50年的未來，就掌握在你們手中了。最後，我想用一位著名科學家的名言來作結尾： Life is like riding a bicycle.  To keep your balance, you must keep moving. 人生就像騎自行車，要保持你平衡最好的方法，就是繼續不斷地向前進。你知道這是誰的名言嗎？ 沒錯，就是愛因斯坦！2021的畢業生們，請你騎上你人生的自行車，勇敢的向前邁進，去開創你獨一無二、精彩無比的新生命跟未來。再一次，恭喜你們，並且祝福你們每一位，將來都能夠有健康、幸福、精彩跟有意義的人生！謝謝！    .==============================    .President Kuan, Executive Vice President Luo, Distinguished guests, family, friends, and most importantly, the graduating class of 2021, good morning!First of all, congratulations! Today, you are graduating from one of the best universities in the world – National Taiwan University! Over the last few years, President Kuan led the university forward with his vision of “educational reform” and internationalization”. Together with all the faculty and students, NTU has made significant progress in both ranking and global visibility, making us, alumni, extremely proud.I think we deserve to give ourselves a round of applause!You are the graduating class of 2021 and already, you have set a new record for NTU: For the first time, there will not be a traditional graduation ceremony. Let this be a very special memory of your life and a sign of the difference you will make in your future with extraordinary achievements.The world is now in a volatile state where the East and the West are confronting each other. The world’s economic activities are also greatly affected by the breakthrough and innovations in technology. The less-than-ideal and less-than fair globalization will gradually become global localization. And as a result of COVID-19, Taiwan and the rest of the world’s lifestyle, social structure, and economy have been disrupted, and must be comprehensively reorganized and restructured. This is certainly a crisis, but in the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity. So, what lies before you are countless opportunities for innovation, and exciting new challenges.Because, for the first time, Taiwan is standing with the rest of the world on a new race-track. Therefore, I would like to congratulate you, you are entering a new era full of hope.I graduated from NTU in 1969. It has been more than 50 years and today, I would like to share some of my life experiences and insights.When I graduated from college, I was filled with ambition. I couldn’t wait to make my mark. I joined one of the largest trading companies in Taiwan, where I quickly realized the only materials I learned in school that came in handy are a little bit of international trade practices and English.  Much of what I had learned about business management would only be relevant 10 or 20 years down the road, if I was lucky enough to become a senior executive.What’s even more ironic is that I graduated with a degree in business, but after working for 2 years, I realize I really don’t like being a businessman, and I don’t like doing business. What I am actually interested in is building an enterprise.Fortunately, I chose to listen to the faint voice in my heart and decided to enter the bicycle industry. I left my position at the best trading company in Taipei to join a small company with only 38 employees in Dajia to pursue my dream.At the time, many people thought I must’ve broken my skull and gone crazy, but looking back, I have made a great decision in my life.The process of starting my own enterprise has been very difficult, but I have learned many valuable lessons. The first thing I learned is that before you can do anything else, you have to learn to be a person of good character.We must be honest, down to earth, selfless, self-serving, and altruistic for the common good.Be grateful, respectful and caring at all times. To love the world and to understand that one person’s ability is limited and that is necessary to build interpersonal relationships of mutual trust and support; to be part of a group and to play as a team.When it comes to work, you must work hard with a positive attitude.  And don’t be afraid to fail, be brave enough to accept new challenges. Because every time you fail, it just means you are one step closer to success. Learning is an active process. We learn by doing. We must stay open-minded and curious, aspiring to lifelong learning; to explore challenges and pursue excellence.Here I would like to give everyone a special graduation gift, which are my two tips for success: First, always put yourself in the customer’s shoes, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold. Think for them, think about what else you can do to create more value for the customers.Second, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold, always think about the company from the proprietor’s point of view; what can we do to build a healthier company that’s sustainable.Even if you are going to forget everything I say later, that’ ok. Just remember to take your graduation gift at heart, because these two tips on “empathy “are sure to bring you unexpected blessings in the future!Later on, I realized that fame and money are merely byproducts. The real product is you, what kind of person you have become and what have you achieved. When the real product is identified, fame and money will come naturally.So I encourage you, when you look for a job, don’t be too concerned about the starting salary and benefits. Because as a matter of fact, as a newcomer, it is very difficult to make a big contribution in the first three years, so really the company is paying to give you training instead. So choose a meaningful industry and find a good company where you can improve and grow, that’s what’s important.Thirdly, I learned that knowledge is not the same as wisdom. All of you have learned a lot and have a lot of valuable knowledge, but this knowledge must be practiced in order to produce experience, and in the process of accumulation, there will be different experiences of reflection, learning and empathy, especially from failure, slowly and surely all these experiences will be condensed into useful wisdom.My personal development can be divided into three stages. I began as a I-shaped person with some basic skills in business management. Later on, due to my job and curiosity, I gained respected experience in technology development, manufacturing, branding, global marketing, and service and thus gradually becoming a T-shape multidisciplinary professional. However, when I combined the future mission and direction of the company with my life goals, promoting it enthusiastically and actively, that is when I finally became a X-shape transdisciplinary leader.Once the company became more stable, I was faced with the challenge of planning the vision, mission, positioning, and long-term strategy for the company. At this stage, I had some new insights.First, you must be able to draw a “golden triangle”, an equilateral triangle is the most stable shape with strategy on top, tactics in the middle, and operations at the bottom. In other words, the strategy is to do the right thing, the tactics is the using the right methods, and operations is using the right methods to excel on doing the right things while constantly improving them.To develop long-term strategies, it is necessary to have insight.I enjoy looking at the globe, yes, the spherical model of Earth that sits on a stand and can be rotated. When you rotate the globe, you can see every place and country on it, its geographical location, its natural ecology, and you can think about its historical evolution and development, so that you can come up with an overall comprehensive concept.When thinking about long-term strategy, it is not easy to come up with a groundbreaking idea, because “men are often blind in their own cause”Therefore, when I think about long-term strategy, I imagine myself as if I were looking at a rotating Earth from a man-made satellite. With the height of the universe, the breadth of global vision and the length of historical evolution, you will be able think about it from the perspective of an observer, and then you may have a breakthrough. This is how the strategy and vision of “GIANT for the World” and “glocalization” brand management came about.Another kind of insight is how to introduce the products and services to create additional value to people. This requires standing at the crossroads of humanity and technology, observing their changes carefully, and then using technological advances to provide the best solutions for the potential needs of humanity in a timely manner. This is how GIANT’s Cycling World continues to introduce innovative values to its products.We have also developed a special philosophy in our business, which is “don’t be the first one, be the only one”. There are so many people in the world, but no two people share the same fingerprints, making each person unique and one of a kind. God created each person with purpose and has gifted us with the abilities and elements needed for success. All of which is in your heart, waiting for you to take them. Therefore, we should not just follow each other’s footstep or live under the expectations of someone else. Instead, we should find and give reigns to our talents, to truly be ourselves, to become the only one and live a brilliant life.The same applies to businesses, you can’t just go with the flow, we must find what is right and suitable and what is meaningful and contributive to the world, this is what it means to be the only one. When you strive for excellence and strive to be the only one, you will find the right goals and the value of sustainability. If you try to be first in everything, you may pursue many unrealistic goals and either be destroyed by unbearable pressure or resort to doing whatever it takes, and end up on the wrong path.I have learned two important lessons in my long quest to be the “only one”. When you are determined to do the right thing and you are unyielding and persistent in your struggle, the power of the universe will rise up and help you. In addition, if you do something meaningful and do it well with the power of life, you may change the world.I urge you to listen to the small voice deep within you and let it guide you to find your talents and understand your destiny.Do not seek to be the first but to be the only. Be true to yourself and be the only one. Live your life to the fullest and enjoy your life to the fullest!Many people say that growing up in Taiwan, you must complete three challenges in your lifetime: climb to the top of Jade Mountain, swim across Sun Moon Lake, and ride a bike around the island. I think this is very true. Therefore, I suggest that after graduation, before you go to the military or get a job, you might as well join a bicycle tour around the island and spend nine days to carefully experience and appreciate the beauty of Taiwan. As a graduation gift to yourself, let the tires kiss the beautiful land where you were born and raised.All the professors and parents must be thinking in regret, “Ah! Too bad! I didn’t ride my bike around the island when I graduated and now I’m already in my 50s and 60s…” But that’s okay! You are actually at the perfect age to start your adventurous life.Our President of NTU, President Kuan bravely completed his dream bike tour around the island in January this year. Let’s give President Kuan a round of applause!Some people think that Taiwan is small and has no future. Every year, the World Economic Forum conducts a survey and ranking of the strength of countries around the world. Let’s take a look at Taiwan’s ranking. There are 235 countries in the world and we rank 137th in terms of landmass, 57th in terms of population, 21st in terms of economy, 11th in terms of overall competitiveness, and 4th in terms of innovation. It’s true that Taiwan is not big, but we are strong and we have a promising future.In the foreseeable future there will become a new situation in which the United States, Europe and Asia will be the three focal regions. Just like three circles, each of which prioritizes its own interests and is in long-term competition, confrontation and resistance, but at the same time has to maintain some necessary links with each other. And in each circle, drastic changes will be endless, just like a storm circle. These three storm circles are linked together to form a so-called PERFECT STORM.The Economist magazine recently featured Taiwan on its cover, calling it the most dangerous place on earth, but at the same time the most critical place for the technology industry. Personally, I think that Taiwan may be in the most favorable position in the future, right in the middle of the three storm circles, the eye of the typhoon, which is the center point where these three circles are connected. This place seems dangerous, but in fact it is the safest, most favorable, and most critical place.When the three storm circles are inevitably involved in a long-term competition, confrontation, and boycott - a zero-sum game. Taiwan does not belong to any of these circles, nor does it need to participate in these competitions, confrontations, and boycotts. Instead, situated in this critical position, I should begin to think about what kind of innovative value I can provide to the world.Taiwans efforts over the past 50 years have accumulated many rare and valuable strengths in technology development, manufacturing management, financial capital, social resources, and the democratic rule of law system. If the world is our stage, Taiwanese people who are proficient in Chinese and English, who have a deep understanding of Eastern and Western cultures, who are professional, who can cross borders, who are humble but not inferior, and who are confident but not arrogant, may be the best talents in the world.The future cannot be predicted, but it can be created! 30 years ago, who could have predicted that Taiwan would produce globally renowned TSMC and GIANT?TSMC is committed to the concept of being the only one, and has built up its strengths with its global foundry strategy, creating a high-quality and efficient supply chain and turning Taiwan into a technology island. With Taiwan as the core, TSMC is leading the worldwide semiconductor market.GIANT also upholds the concept of Be the only one and leads the A-Team to turn Taiwan into the center of the worlds premium bikes with the brand strategy of globalization and localization, and actively promotes the new culture of cycling, developing Taiwan into a cycling island and leading the worlds cycling market with Taiwan as the core.Here I also hope that we, NTU, can also lead the world with the concept of being the only one, and become the best cradle for the cultivation of the best talents in the world.In the next 50 years, Taiwan will have the greatest opportunity ever! Therefore, Taiwan should get rid of the simple competitive mentality of the past and actively seek the long-term survival of the future, or go even further and ask itself: What can Taiwan contribute to the world? Taiwan should not just secure Taiwan in a conservative way, but should be more proactive with global outlook and establish a foothold in the Asia Pacific.The last 50 years, for Taiwan, has been very difficult and significant. Fortunately, Taiwan pulled through and came out as one of the winners.Now is the crucial moment to understand the past, delve into the present, and plan for the future. We must take the height of the universe, the breadth of our global vision, and the length of historical evolution, weigh the external situation, and measure our own strengths to reposition Taiwan and draw the golden triangle of strategy, tactics, and operations. Taiwan should be able to give full play to its strengths, create innovative value, and become the only one! Taiwan must become a good citizen of the world and continue to make more and better contributions to the world!Graduates of 2021, among you are the future leaders of the country, the creators of global enterprises, and the core talents in all walks of life, the future is in your hands.Finally, I would like to conclude with a quote from a famous scientist: Life is like riding a bicycle.  To keep your balance, you must keep moving.Do you know who this quote belongs to? Thats right, Einstein!Graduates of 2021, please get ready for your life adventure, get on your bikes and peddle courageously forward to create your own unique and exciting future. Again, congratulations and best wishes to each and every one of you for a healthy, happy, and meaningful life!Thank you!詳見：https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718162161807541    .#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #貴賓致詞 #羅祥安

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