[演講技巧] 用對的語言,說給對的人聽:看蕭美琴的 ALEC 演講
Presentality再次幫同學分享政治人物演講技巧。這次Andrew Yang 分析的對象是現任駐美代表蕭美琴 (Ambassador Bi-khim Hsiao)!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
這幾天看到網路上很多人稱讚蕭美琴在美國給的一場演講,是在 American Legislative Exchange Council 大會給的。Youtube 上還有完整的影片。
我就想要從一個英文撰稿人跟演講教練的角度,看一下她到底是哪裡講的好?
Ok, let’s go. First, the speech video itself: https://youtu.be/5ozMcauCjbs
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 連開頭都跟傳統台灣官員不一樣
她一開頭,就用一種很 personal 的方式回應主辦單位的介紹:
Thank you Karen for that kind introduction…
畢竟用人家的 first name,就感覺比較親切對不對?通常外交場合,都是用 last name 的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 而且她跟台灣大部分官員用英文演講的時候有一個很不一樣的地方:
她講話的時候,是看著聽眾的 lol。
你可能會覺得搞啥啊,講話不是就要看著對方嗎?但其實很多台灣官員可能是語文能力關係,或是沒時間把稿子弄熟,演講的時候大部分的時間是盯著稿子的,所以跟聽眾的 connection 真的就會打折扣。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 另外一個小細節,就是她的節奏。
台灣很多官員不只是唸稿,還唸的斷斷續續,不停的卡住,蕭美琴就不一樣,講的算是非常流暢,尤其到後半段整個進入一個很好的 flow。
大家可能會覺得這只是英文好,但其實不完全是。我們也看過很多英文比蕭大使還要好的人,演講超級卡。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 講「對的字」,給對的聽眾
第二個細節,就是她的用字遣詞。
我們注意這裡:
I’m so honored to be able to be here in person, to use this occasion to express my gratitude… to the so many outstanding freedom-loving legislators around the United States.
還有這裡,講到主辦單位 ALEC 頒獎給蔡總統,她說:
It is also recognition for the freedom-loving people of Taiwan, and our determination to keep Taiwan free.
我們要指出的共通點在哪裡?
對,就是 “Freedom-loving”。
我在美國住十幾年,從大學到研究所到華府工作,周圍的朋友大多都是左派的,我不記得他們之中有任何人,任何一次,說過 “freedom-loving” 或甚至強調 freedom。這代表蕭大使真的很會對「對的人」說「對的話」。
她知道這群聽眾是美國保守派的,「自由」對他們來說是絕對的價值跟原則。所以一說完這段,就迎來熱烈的掌聲。
我猜今天如果蕭大使對的是左派的聽眾,她肯定不會一直提到這些字眼。
她也不忘用 “side-by-side” 的語法,來強調台灣跟美國的價值。很多台灣官員都只會制式的重複:We share with you the values of freedom and democracy, blah blah blah…
但蕭大使就做一點變化:
I often say that you are living in the land of the free.
We are living on the island of the free.
Good line,又迎來一些掌聲。
*Btw, 為什麼是 “land of the free” 而不是 land of free 或是 free land?因為自由的不是土地,而是「人」,所以美國人才會說 “we are a free people”。所以 “the free” 代表的其實是「自由的人」。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 掌控敘事 (Narrative)
我們再來看一段非常不錯的:
We also believe that it is only in societies that respect the freedom of speech, where true innovation can propel technology that advances human progress, instead of technology that is abused and used for surveillance and controlling their people.
美國時常有很多的辯論:我們應該要把什麼項目放在第一?科技進步?經濟成長?還是民主價值?
我在美國唸外交時,幫我們上課的前官員也會說:「我們先不要硬推民主,而是先幫助這些國家經濟成長,之後他們自然就會變成民主國家。」
蕭美琴的這段,就是一個反向的論述:如果沒有言論自由,就不會有真正的創新,因為科技會被用來控制人民,而不是真的改善大家的生活。
這就是敘事 (narrative) 的重點:不是只是提供一大堆 information 給大家 (this is what most people do),而是告訴大家要怎麼去「詮釋」這些資訊 (跟我們時常在說的 “framing” 有關)。
絕大部分台灣官員出去演講的時候,是完全沒有核心論述的,就只有提供一堆人家沒興趣也永遠不會記得的 information。
Can you spell B-O-R-I-N-G?
引用對方可以體會的經歷
講完一些硬一點的議題之後,她把話題帶到比較個人的層面:
I’m an ambassador now, I work in Washington, DC, but I used to be like you, I came from a legislature in Taiwan, I understand that all politics are local. And when we go back to our constituents, we wanna deliver on economic progress, we wanna deliver on the common values that we share.
說到個人經歷,突然感覺比較輕鬆,溫和對不對?這是一種非常好跟聽眾建立連結的方式,畢竟不是每一位外交官,都有跟聽眾同樣的經歷,所以她很會利用自己的強項。
但她這麼說,可是有目的:把聽眾的注意力帶到 “economic progress for constituents” 之後,她馬上用大家可以理解的數字,提醒聽眾台灣對美國「地方經濟」的重要性:
We’re in the State of Utah now, [Taiwan’s] size is only 15% the size of Utah, but we are the 8th largest consumer of US agricultural products in the world.
然後還不忘轉換成人均的數字!
Which means, per capita wise, each Taiwanese citizen is the second largest consumer — per capita wise — the second largest consumer of American agricultural products.
蠻厲害的對不對?但這樣還沒有結束喔!
★★★★★★★★★★★★
📌 需要完整分析的同學請留言「用對的語言,說給對的人聽!」。
還有, 快快訂閱Presentality,即時收到這些精闢分析!!!
圖片出處: https://bit.ly/3u6mHpL
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2萬的網紅賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual,也在其Youtube影片中提到,第一個單字是 anniversary、a-n-n-i-v-e-r-s-a-r-y、anniversary 週年紀念日,例句是:Hong Kongers marks Tiananmen anniversary with online vigil. 香港人利用網路,紀念天安門事件。31 年前,中國發生...
「us state with n」的推薦目錄:
- 關於us state with n 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於us state with n 在 IELTS Fighter - Chiến binh IELTS Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於us state with n 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於us state with n 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於us state with n 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於us state with n 在 阿滴英文 Youtube 的最佳解答
us state with n 在 IELTS Fighter - Chiến binh IELTS Facebook 的最讚貼文
❌ ĐỌC NGAY ❌
3 CÁCH PARAPHRASE TRONG IELTS WRITING
1. SỬ DỤNG CÂU PHỨC
Việc sử dụng các cấu trúc mới là điều rất cần thiết mỗi khi bạn có các cách diễn đạt giống nhau nhưng lại không muốn bị trùng lặp. Vậy chúng ta có thể tham khảo các cách sau:
WRITING TASK 1:
Writing task 1 có rất nhiều “đất” cho các bạn “diễn”. Với các cách diễn đạt kiểu như tăng lên, giảm đi, giống nhau, khác nhau, đạt cao nhất, dao động,… thì chúng ta có rất nhiều cách để diễn đạt. Mình đi vào vấn đề chính luôn nhé:
- There are more men than women => Women outnumber men. (Dùng mẫu câu có sử dụng từ “outnumber” vừa không bị lặp lại mà vẫn diễn đạt trọn vẹn ý nhiều hơn, hơn nữa, từ “outnumber” là một từ vựng được đánh giá rất tốt)
- The biggest difference is that… => The most noticeable difference/ The disparity is noticeable.
- Thay vì viết 2 câu đơn có ý trái ngược nhau về số liệu thì bạn hãy sử dụng mẫu câu phức “…while…” – mô tả ý trái ngược. Ví dụ: “The figure for high school students who do exercise regularly was just 12%, while the percentage for seniors in universities reached its peak at 70%”.
- Ưu tiên sử dụng các mẫu câu ghép như “The fact that… + to be” sẽ hay hơn là viết một câu đơn.
WRITING TASK 2:
Đối với Writing Task 2, chúng ta nên ưu tiên sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ để viết các câu ghép thay vì các câu đơn.
Ví dụ, chúng ta nên viết câu “People tend to rely a lot on technical devices, which are much more innovative and convenient than ever before” thay vì “People tend to rely a lot on technical devices. Those are much more innovative and convenient than ever before”.
Nếu đã dùng nhiều dạng mẫu câu chủ động thì chúng ta nên dùng câu bị động.
Ví dụ: với cách diễn đạt trước, chúng ta viết: “To address the problem, we should use public transport” mà nếu muốn sử dụng lại kiểu viết này thì chúng ta nên viết ở dạng bị động.
Nếu cần thiết, chúng ta nên sử dụng những từ đồng nghĩa khác để đa dạng vốn từ => nên viết thành: “To tackle the problem, public transport should be encouraged to use” sẽ hay hơn rất nhiều.
Rất nên sử dụng các liên từ để nối câu nhưng PHẢI ở dạng formal: Nevertheless, However (Tuy nhiên); In addition, Additionally, Besides (Hơn nữa); As a result, Consequently, It leads to…, It results in… (Kết quả là, dẫn tới).
Ưu tiên sử dụng mẫu câu “…while…” để nói về 2 ý trái ngược (Thường là paraphrase lại đề bài trong phần Mở bài hoặc dùng để chuyển ý). Ví dụ: “While it is undeniable that living in large cities brings us a huge number of benefits, its drawbacks cannot be overlooked.”
2. SỬ DỤNG LINH HOẠT CÁC TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA
Từ đồng nghĩa là một phần không thể thiếu khi paraphrase và tất nhiên từ đồng nghĩa đem lại hiệu quả rất cao trong bài viết nếu chúng ta biết chọn từ phù hợp.
Sau đây mình sẽ giới thiệu cho các bạn một số từ và cụm từ đồng nghĩa hoặc có thể thay thế được cho nhau phổ biến trong Writing task 1 và Writing task 2 nhé.
WRITING TASK 1:
- Expenditure (n)= Spending (n)
- Noticeable (adj) = Significant (adj)
- Spend (v) = Consume (v)
- Hit its peak = Reach its peak = Reach a record high of
- Receive (v) = Get (v) = Enjoy (v) = Be awarded with (St)
- Health care system = Medical service
- Imply (v) = Suggest = Point out
- Land degradation = Land erosion
- Apparent = Obvious = Clear = Evident
- Tree clearance = Deforestation
- Constitute = Account for = Make up = Take up
- Canned food = Packaged
- Reliable = Trustworthy
- Society = Community
- Citizens = Residents = Inhabitants = Dwellers
- City = Urban area
WRITING TASK 2:
- Principal = Prominent
- Trigger = Provoke
- Increase = Escalate
- Innate = Inborn
- Traffic congestion = Traffic jam
- Effect = Impact
- Difficulty = Challenge
- Hard-working = Diligent = Industrious
- Guidance = Consultancy
- Pollution = Contamination
- Admire = Appreciate
- Improve = Enhance
- Address = Combat = Tackle
- Up-to-date = Innovative
- Big city = Large metropolis
- Advantageous = Beneficial
- Rich = Affluent = Wealthy = Well-off
- Popular = Prevalent
- Negative = Adverse = Unfavorable
- Wonderful = Fantastic = Breath-taking = Spectacular
- Debatable = Controversial
3. KHUYẾN KHÍCH SỬ DỤNG TỪ GHÉP
Những từ ghép có tần suất xuất hiện khá ít trong các bài viết, tuy nhiên nếu các bạn sử dụng được những từ ghép này thì bài viết của bạn sẽ được đánh giá rất cao ở mặt từ vựng vì những từ đó thể hiện trình độ ngữ pháp và cách sử dụng từ vựng “cao thủ” của bạn.
Có 3 kiểu từ ghép khá thông dụng như sau:
- State-owned companies (đuôi –owned: có nghĩa là sở hữu): Các công ty sở hữu bởi nhà nước
- Computer-based tasks (đuôi –based: có nghĩa là nền tảng): Các công việc liên quan đến/ có nền tảng dựa trên máy tính
- Health-related problems (đuôi –related: có nghĩa là liên quan): Các vấn đề liên quan đến sức khỏe.
Như vậy, các bạn đã biết cách ứng dụng Synonyms hay chưa? Hãy thử thực hành với một số bài viết riêng của bạn nhé!
👉 Các bạn xem thêm các tài liệu Writing hay tại: https://bit.ly/35SfEGR
----
Nhớ tối nay, 21h00 chúng ta lại có hẹn với Mr.Quân đẹp trai, chữa đề Writing thật mới nhất đó nha!
👉 Tải lại tài liệu chữa hôm trước ở đây nha: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_dU-CulH_lojokUzI8v-e25EdvIrPati/view
----
us state with n 在 Facebook 的最讚貼文
(✪‿✪)ノ排程中晝發文 #國際法法理建國 Q&A
Q96: 有人主張中華民國1949年底滅國了,這樣的說法正確嗎
A96:
主張1949中華民國滅國?是指流亡滅國然後又建國,建了不知道什麼的東西?
1949年台澎領土主權還是屬於日本的喔!國際法規定國與國之間戰爭的結束是要簽訂「和平條約」,因此日本投降後停戰了,進入戰勝盟軍的盟佔時期,最終在《舊金山和約》48個國家與日本簽訂決議處理戰後責任歸屬。台澎領土在《舊金山和約》生效就是領土主權歸屬未定。若沒簽約到《舊金山和約》的國家可與日本簽訂子約,其條件不能優於母約(舊金山和約)。
那這裡就有個問題了,如果1949年的中華民國是另一個國家,不是中國,這代表這個國家從來沒有對日宣戰,也沒跟日本打過仗,那是要簽什麼鬼和約?
沒有承認中華民國是中國代表,那是要簽什麼《中日和約》?日本跟什麼國簽條約?
不要跟我說日本跟台灣國簽約喔,去把原文中日和約仔細看,基本英文能力不用太好,也看得懂。
如果跟日本簽《中日和約》的那個東西不是中國,而且還是1949之後才出現的國家,那1941年以前中國跟日本簽的條約關它屁事?幹嘛在《中日和約》第4條扯到這些?
最後,中華民國是中國流亡政權,1912年建立政權不是建國👉🏻https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=rotpnetwork&set=a.2763561250403580
—————
以下補充一下《中日和約》⚠️文長可略
中日和約(Treaty of Peace between Japan and the Republic of China)
(🔗 https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_between_Japan_and_the_Republic_of_China)
先從《舊金山和約》開始談起,第 26 條:”...... Should Japan make a peace settlement or war claims settlement with any State granting that State greater advantages than those provided by the present Treaty, those same advantages shall be extended to the parties to the present Treaty.” 意即:如果日本跟沒簽《舊金山和約》的盟國成員簽約,條件優於《舊金山和約》的話,其他盟國成員全都可以一體適用。
因此,沒簽署到《舊金山和約》的中國(中華民國政權),與日本在1952年4月28日簽署《中日和約》,此約於 1952年8月5日生效。
《中日和約》是《舊金山和約》的子約,子約效力無法超越母約,母約沒把「台澎領土主權」移轉給任何國家,子約也辦不到。換句話說,若條件更優渥,則同盟國成員皆可享受其條件。所以,如果日本真的有辦法依照《中日和約》將台澎領土主權移轉給中國(中華民國政權)的話,那依照《舊金山和約》第 26 條的規定,台澎領土主權現在會變成45個最終批准和約國家共有喔!
中華民國政權作為當時的中國代表,若想透過子約《中日和約》得到台澎領土主權是不可能的,因為《舊金山和約》對台澎處置就是主權歸屬未定。
再來,實際上沒簽約到《舊金山和約》的中國代表ROC,與日本簽訂《中日和約》,當時就是承認接受《舊金山和約》的安排,台澎主權歸屬未定的事實,表示中國代表ROC也同意《開羅宣言》中「臺澎主權歸屬」的部分要依《舊金山和約》處理。
這就表示中英美三國都同意以《舊金山和約》的規定取代《開羅宣言》中關於台澎領土主權的約定,台澎領土主權自然應依《舊金山和約》的規定來認定,也就是處於「未定」的狀態。
以下舉例大家比較有疑慮的部分:
《中日和約》第4條:”It is recognized that all treaties, conventions and agreements concluded before December 9, 1941, between Japan and China have become null and void as a consequence of the war.”
有人主張因為第4條之前簽約的馬關條約就失效,正確應該來說是停止這個條約的狀態。但領土主權不會透過,你停止了這個狀態以後就會達到領土主權移轉的效果。國際法不存在割讓條約終止後,自動回復給原本領土主權國的狀態,因為割讓條約是已經完成的事情,條約只剩下法律的形式而已。更何況大清帝國對台澎領土主權的掌控實際上只有西半部而已。
領土主權移轉必須簽訂另一個條約;馬關條約失效回歸到原本的狀態,這是不對的,舉個例子:「A國 跟 B 國打仗,A 國輸,A 國把甲地割讓給 B國;B 國跟 C 國打仗,B 國輸,B 國把甲地再割讓給 C國;後來A 國又跟 B 國打仗,這次A國反敗為勝打贏了。雙方將之前割讓甲地給 B 國的條約廢除。如果廢除割讓領土主權的條約會讓領土主權回歸原位,那甲地領土主權會回歸 A 國嗎?但明明領土在 C 國手上,是要如何回到 A國呢?難道 A 國、B 國或聯合AB國要再去跟 C 國打一場,而且還要打贏才能把甲地搶回來?這樣戰爭永遠打不完了。
所以,依照法律的安定性原則,廢除條約讓領土主權回歸是不可能的。」
《中日和約》第10條:”For the purposes of the present Treaty, nationals of the Republic of China shall be deemed to include all the inhabitants and former inhabitants of Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores) and their descendants who are of the Chinese nationality in accordance with the laws and regulations which have been or may hereafter be enforced by the Republic of China in Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores); and juridical persons of the Republic of China shall be deemed to include all those registered under the laws and regulations which have been or may hereafter be enforced by the Republic of China in Taiwan (Formosa) and Penghu (the Pescadores).” 意即:「就本約而言,中華民國國民應認為(英文版:shall be deemed to,即「應視為」)包括依照中華民國在臺灣及澎湖,所已施行或將來可能施行之法律規章、而具有中國國籍之一切臺灣及澎湖居民及前屬臺灣及澎湖之居民及其後裔;中華民國法人應認為包括依照中華民國在臺灣及澎湖所已施行或將來可能施行之法律規章所登記之一切法人。」
對日本而言台澎人本來就不是中華民國國民,但日本在《中日和約》第10條寫台澎人被視為(shall be deemed to)中華民國國籍,特別寫出來是因為原本領土主權擁有的國家,土地上人民也會是國民,但因為中華民國沒有台澎主權,因此特地寫出來。
另外,中華民國政權外交部在 1952 年作成的〈議定中華民國與日本國間和平條約總報告書〉🔗 https://www.facebook.com/794597360633322/posts/1405108306248888/?d=n中,也明白承認中日和約無法解決臺澎主權未定問題:「查金山和約僅規定日本放棄臺灣澎湖而未明定其誰屬,此點自非中日和約所能補救。」由此可知,即使是中華民國政權外交部也知道台澎主權歸屬問題根本無法依《中日和約》來處理。
戰敗國日本針對「日華和約第四條之約定是否使臺澎主權回歸中國」之問題,於1964年2月29日在「第046回国会予算委員会第17号」,由「日本條約局局長-中川融」表示:「日華和平條約第四條,雖然有岡田先生所指出的條款,簡單來說,這條規定雙方承認開戰前日華間所締結的條約均因戰爭結果而歸無效。但是,因為有些條約的涵蓋範圍廣,所以現在會受以前締結的條約影響。也可以說,有些條約的內容會沿用至今。當然這些條約的內容已消失,甚至也有『一次就結束』的條約,諸如台灣割讓等條約,便是『完成割讓台灣』一事即達成目的,之後僅具備形式上的效力。由於這是『已經執行完畢』的條約,就算事後廢棄,亦僅是形式上的廢棄,『已經執行完畢的事項無法因此而回到未執行前的狀態』,此類條約廢棄的效果,在國際法上為非常重要的問題,國際法學者的一致見解亦如上所示,若非如此,則國際間將無法安定;割讓領土後因戰敗而使其全部恢復原狀,之前的割讓條約無效,這是不可能的。」
「內閣總理-池田勇人」也表示: 「我們說得很清楚。我方在對日和約中放棄了(台澎主權)。這不是我們可以置喙的。所以,我們只是依據對日和約的規定,在遵守規定的同時締結了新的日華和平條約。即使是依據日華和平條約,也不能做出違背『依舊金山和約之決定日本已放棄(台澎主權)』的事。即使有做出決定,我們也不是以『中華民國具有對台主權』的想法簽條約,這點條約局局長也多次提到。我們現在也是在這樣的想法下運用日華條約。」
-
最後再提《中日和約》在1972年9月29日日本轉承認PRC政權是中國代表時,這張和約就法律上已實質停止了唷!因為簽訂《中日和約》時有寫上適用對象範圍就是中華民國代表的中國,所以對日本來說台灣人也不用再「被視為」中華民國國籍的人了。
-
以下引用「臺澎國際法法理建國連線」法普:🔗 https://www.facebook.com/rotpnetwork/posts/3749287158497646
在進行法律效力的解釋時,有一個很重要的基本解釋原則叫做「明示其一,排除其他」。也就是說,假設今天有好幾個項目可以寫在法律文件裡,但只有其中部分被提及,此時表示對建立這份法律文件的當事者來說,他們決定排除掉那些沒寫進去的項目。
如果仔細觀察《開羅宣言》、說要實施《開羅宣言》的《波茨坦宣言》,以及《舊金山和約》的內容的話,會發現在《開羅宣言》裡提到的讓朝鮮獨立有出現在《舊金山和約》裡,但在《開羅宣言》裡提到將台澎主權移轉給中華民國卻「沒有」出現在《舊金山和約》裡。那麼,在運用前述的「明示其一,排除其他」的法律解釋基本原則之後,就可以知道,《舊金山和約》全體當事國雖然有在讓朝鮮獨立上達成共識,但對讓台澎領土主權移轉給中華民國並沒有達成共識。要不然為何不像「朝鮮獨立」那樣明白寫出來?
由此可知,《舊金山和約》絕非單純為《波茨坦宣言》的內容背書,如同橡皮圖章的存在。事實上,從美國在 1950年12月27日出具的外交函文可知,美國認為《開羅宣言》、《波茨坦宣言》等戰時宣言應該要受到考量更完全的和平條約的拘束,而不是顛倒過來,讓只有少數國家參與的戰時意向聲明凌駕於各參戰國皆能參與、表示意見的和平條約。
US Aide-mémoire 1950.12.27:
"The Cairo Declaration of 1943 stated the purpose to restore "Manchuria. Formosa and the Pescadores to the Republic of China." That Declaration, like other wartime declarations such as those of Yalta and Potsdam, was in the opinion of the United States Government subject to any final peace settlement where all relevant factors should be considered. The United States cannot accept the view, apparently put forward by the Soviet government, that the views of other Allies not represented at Cairo must be wholly ignored."
意即:「1943 年的開羅宣言提到將「滿洲地區、福爾摩莎及澎湖還給中華民國」。依據美國政府的看法,該份宣言,就和雅爾達及波茲坦等戰時宣言一樣,必須受到將所有相關因素皆納入考量後作成的任何最終和平條約的限制。」
(🔗 臺澎國際法法理建國連線 )
也可見1954年12月1日關於舊金山和約及台北和約對台澎主權歸屬的處理方式,以及台澎與金馬法律地位的差異,美國國務卿 John Foster Dulles 表示:【嚴】格按法律來說,福爾摩莎及澎湖群島的主權從未確定過。這是因為對日和約僅涉及讓日本放棄對這些島嶼的權利與(主權)權源。但對日和約並未決定其未來的(主權)權源,這在中華民國與日本訂定的和約中也沒有決定。因此,這些島嶼(福爾摩莎與澎湖群島)的法律地位和始終是中國領土的離岸島嶼(金門與馬祖)的法律地位是不同的。
Remarks at News Conference on the Purpose of Treaty with R.O.C. (Dec. 1, 1954), in DEP'T ST. BULL., Dec. 1954, at 896.
“[T]echnical sovereignty over Formosa and the Pescadores has never been settled. That is because the Japanese peace treaty merely involves a renunciation by Japan of its right and title to these islands. But the future title is not determined by the Japanese peace treaty, nor is it determined by the peace treaty which was concluded between the Republic of China and Japan. Therefore, the juridical status of these islands, Formosa and the Pescadores, is different from the juridical status of the offshore islands [Quemoy and Matsu] which have always been Chinese territory.” 意即:「舊金山和約與台北和約都未決定台澎主權歸屬。台澎法理地位與金馬不同。」
(關鍵字搜尋🔍國際法法理建國,敬請期待明天的問與答)
延伸閱讀❣️
👉🏻台澎人做著夢中夢中夢: https://reurl.cc/8yqAdj
👉🏻法理建國派的目標:https://reurl.cc/ZQynqW
👉🏻[英語繁中字]台灣在國際上不被承認的原因與解決方法:https://youtu.be/lss2OdMhi90
👉🏻聖峰演講影片Youtube :
https://youtu.be/-a_qHXh_URM
👉🏻聖峰演講實錄Podcast:
https://anchor.fm/rotpnetwork-shin-hong-ng/episodes/2019-03-29-ep8kln
👉🏻Apple podcast:https://reurl.cc/a5qZjQ
👉🏻 《台澎法理建國指南》電子書:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yFXTxYOtkqrwEyV11w0kQyKujxEZsU8N/view?usp=sharing
us state with n 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最佳解答
第一個單字是 anniversary、a-n-n-i-v-e-r-s-a-r-y、anniversary 週年紀念日,例句是:Hong Kongers marks Tiananmen anniversary with online vigil.
香港人利用網路,紀念天安門事件。31 年前,中國發生了天安門事件。天安門事件是個抗議活動,當時中國人聚集在天安門,希望中國聽聽人民的聲音、變民主一點,結果政府卻血腥鎮壓抗議群眾。
香港每年都會舉辦守夜活動,來悼念死去的人,今年,香港政府卻說,不准舉辦。香港人就在網路上舉辦活動,用 6431truth 這個 hashtag 來串聯。如果想要關心香港人的心情與狀況,可以搜尋這個 hashtag。天安門事件紀念日,紀念日就是 anniversary。
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-tiananmen-hongkong-idUSKBN23A3GU
第二個單字是 crackdown、c-r-a-c-k-d-o-w-n、crackdown 鎮壓,例句是:US Secretary of State has met survivors of Tiananmen crackdown.
前面提到的天安門事件,有些抗議份子躲過中國軍隊的鎮壓,成功逃到美國,活了下來。昨天是天安門事件紀念日,美國國務卿就跟他們會面,這是在暗示,美國注重這件事。國務卿是什麼?就是美國的外交部長啦,大概可以這樣理解。鎮壓就是 crackdown。
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20200604_09/
第三個單字是 reckon with、r-e-c-k-o-n 空格 w-i-t-h、reckon with 好好處理(棘手的問題),例句是:America must reckon with its racial injustice.
美國警察殺黑人,全美國各大城市發動抗議,抗議已經持續超過 1 個禮拜了。美國的種族歧視問題,非常嚴重,是時候好好處理了!認真地處理棘手的問題,就是 reckon with。
https://www.npr.org/series/868567696/america-reckons-with-racial-injustice
第四個單字是 impunity、i-m-p-u-n-i-t-y、impunity 犯罪但完全不受懲罰,例句是:There has been near impunity for such violations.
菲律賓總統上任後,瘋狂掃毒。乍聽之下,掃毒很棒啊,但實際上,卻是可怕的大屠殺,已經有好幾萬人被殺了。或許還會有人說,壞人就該殺啊!但其實很多人可能是無辜被殺,怎麼說呢?在這個掃毒政策下,已經有 73 個小孩喪命,最年輕的死者,才 5 個月大。5 個月大的孩子,難不成在販毒嗎?太扯了吧!
這些警察濫殺無辜,他們犯了罪,但是幾乎不會受到懲罰,這樣的狀況,就是 impunity。
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/impunity-drug-war-killings-philippines-200604041319925.html
最後一個單字是 coping mechanism、c-o-p-i-n-g 空格 m-e-c-h-a-n-i-s-m 、coping mechanism 心理機制,例句是:Novel language can serve as a coping mechanism.
我們有一種心理機制,很妙。在遇到危機的時候,我們會創造新的詞,讓自己變勇敢一點。例如,面對武漢病毒,我們會害怕嘛,但我們不想被嚇到皮皮挫,整天鬱卒啊!這時候,我們就可能創造新的詞,開開玩笑,讓自己心情好過一點,像是有人不乖乖隔離,我們就說他是「防疫豬隊友」,有人不聽陳時中部長的話,我們批評他不該「逆時中」。這些新詞都能幫助我們稍微放鬆一點。很有趣的心理機制吧!心理機制是 coping mechanism。
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200522-why-weve-created-new-language-for-coronavirus
簡單複習:anniversary 週年紀念日、crackdown 鎮壓、reckon with 好好處理、impunity 犯罪但完全不受懲罰、coping mechanism 心理機制。
恭喜你!今天學了 5 個新單字,還聽了 5 則國際大事!希望你可以訂閱我們的 podcast,然後為我們留 5 顆星的評價。如果有什麼意見,歡迎留言,也可以到 IG 搜尋賓狗單字,私訊我聊聊喔~謝謝收聽,下次通勤見 ❤️
us state with n 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的最讚貼文
第一個單字是 grief、g-r-i-e-f、grief,悲痛,尤其是自己在乎的人,死去的悲痛,例句是:The grief over George Floyd’s death has spread further across the US.
警察又殺黑人,美國爆發大規模抗議。事件的影片中可以看見,警察用膝蓋壓在黑人的脖子上,被壓住的黑人掙扎,求救說已經不能呼吸了,但警察卻不放手,害得黑人窒息而死。美國人震怒,各大城市都在抗議,甚至有暴力衝突、趁機破壞房子、偷東西什麼的。
基本上,我們反對暴力,但這種事已經發生好幾次了。美國警察濫用職權,殺害黑人,不是第一次耶。如果今天我們是黑人,在美國生活,一定很害怕,很憤怒吧?所以我覺得,美國政府要有點「同理心」,你一直在那邊譴責暴力、勸大家冷靜,有什麼用?你要給好好回應,讓黑人安心啊!比如說,告訴大家,種族歧視的警察會受到嚴懲,而不是被包庇。要告訴大家,你要怎麼改善制度嘛。這樣的回應,才會讓抗議的人,冷靜下來。抗議的人很悲痛,這個悲痛的情緒,就是 grief。
https://www.npr.org/2020/05/31/866279321/la-county-under-state-of-emergency-amid-saturdays-george-floyd-protests
第二個單字是 bunker、b-u-n-k-e-r、bunker 地下碉堡,例句是:
Trump was briefly taken to the underground bunker.
剛剛提到的抗議,已經燒到白宮了。情況一度很嚴重,嚴重到川普被護送到地下碉堡,保護他安全。地下碉堡就是 bunker。
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/31/politics/trump-underground-bunker-white-house-protests/index.html
第三個單字是 no symptoms、n-o 空格 s-y-m-p-t-o-m-s、no symptoms 無症狀,例句是:Studies confirm many infected people show no symptoms.
有研究顯示,很多人得到武漢病毒後,完全不會有症狀,但他們身上還是有病毒喔,會傳染給人的!這個病毒真的很陰險啊~提醒大家,疫苗出來以前,還是要乖乖戴口罩、勤洗手。無症狀就是 no symptoms。
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/30/could-nearly-half-of-those-with-covid-19-have-no-idea-they-are-infected
第四個單字是 thrive、t-h-r-i-v-e、thrive 蓬勃發展,例句是:Local radio stations have thrived in lockdown as they bring back a sense of community.
英國的地方小電台最近收聽人數大增加,原因竟然是因為封城?
封城期間,英國人只能孤單在家,這時候,聽地方小電台的聲音,變成很溫暖的一件事。因為,聽電台的時候,你會意識到,也有其他人,一起聽這個聲音,好像心靈交流一樣。其實賓狗時事英語,也像是一個讀書會,我們大家一起聽新聞、學英文。小電台蓬勃發展,就是 thrive。
https://www.positive.news/society/it-brings-back-a-sense-of-community-in-isolation-local-radio-stations-thriving-in-lockdown/
最後一個單字是 recreate、r-e-c-r-e-a-t-e、recreate 重現,例句是:The Studio Ghibli Theme park will focus on recreating the movie’s scenes and nature trails.
喜歡龍貓、神隱少女等電影嗎?跟你說個好消息,吉卜力樂園要來了!樂園的地點在日本名古屋附近,它會重現電影場景,讓你重溫電影中的感動。目前是說 2022 年完工啦,不過... 武漢肺炎還在亂,所以我們先耐心等候、好好期待吧!重現電影場景,就是 recreate。
https://www.polygon.com/2020/5/30/21272429/studio-ghibli-theme-park-opening-date-concept-art
簡單複習:grief 悲痛、bunker 地下碉堡、no symptoms 無症狀、thrive 蓬勃發展、recreate 重現。
恭喜你!今天學了 5 個新單字,還聽了 5 則國際大事!如果喜歡我們的 podcast,希望你可以訂閱,然後為我們留 5 顆星的評價。如果有什麼意見,歡迎留言,也可以到 IG 搜尋賓狗單字,私訊我聊聊喔~謝謝收聽,下次通勤見 ❤️
us state with n 在 阿滴英文 Youtube 的最佳解答
Hello Internet, my name is Ray, I'm a YouTuber from Taiwan, and this is an open letter to the World Health Organization.
Dear WHO, I’m not sure if you’ve noticed, but a lot of your members have been voicing support for the inclusion of Taiwan in the WHO.
Since the novel coronavirus outbreak was designated as a global health emergency, core WHO members and their heads of state and officials, including Justin Trudeau, Shinzo Abe, 7 American senators, and the European Union (and more), have called on you to grant at the very least observer status to Taiwan. Having said that, I feel like as a Taiwanese citizen, it’s imperative that we also speak up for ourselves.
Disease knows no boundaries. Taiwan’s participation in the WHO is crucial not just to Taiwan but also to the world. A concerted, global effort is the only way to ensure the health and welfare of everyone. The coronavirus that began in Wuhan, China, has already spread to other regions and countries, excluding Taiwan could make it a "blind spot" in the international response to the disease.
Additionally, back in 2003, the SARS outbreak resulted in 73 lives taken in Taiwan. If we had been included in the WHO back then, we would’ve had better understanding of the virus and maybe, who knows, more lives could have been saved.
But we’re not just here playing the victim here, Taiwan can help. Taiwan’s healthcare system is lauded as among the best in the world, and our medical standards are generally on par with top global countries. The inclusion of Taiwan in world health assemblies and events would enable it to share its invaluable experiences in combating SARS, Ebola and other pandemics, helping countries around the world, including China. With our universal health coverage, health emergency response, and professional medical training, Taiwan can benefit the world.
Now you might say, Taiwan’s already represented by China in the WHO, but Taiwan’s geological separation and its independent disease control system and air traffic management provide further justification to why the WHO must take different approaches to Taiwan and China amid the coronavirus outbreak.
Also, given our proximity, Taiwan is at the very frontline battling this coronavirus from China, and we are skilled, determined, and equipped with past experiences combating different viruses. Excluding us is putting close to 24 million lives and the global population at risk.
As a Taiwanese, as a member of the global community, I am asking you on behalf of the world to include Taiwan. By allowing our participation in the WHO, you will be realizing the organization’s vision of health as a basic human right and health for all without exception. Thank you for your time.
-
大家好,我是阿滴,我是一名來自台灣的 YouTuber。這是給世界衛生組織的一封公開信。
親愛的世界衛生組織,不知道你們有沒有注意到,貴組織最近有越來越多成員在聲援台灣成為世衛的一分子。在新型冠狀病毒被列為全球衛生緊急事件後,世衛核心會員國的元首和官員們,包括加拿大總理杜魯道、日本首相安倍、七位美國參議員,和歐盟(以及其他代表)等等,皆紛紛站出來呼籲讓台灣至少能以觀察員的身份參與世界衛生組織。說到這裡,身為一個台灣人,我認為我們也必須站出來替自己發聲。
疾病的肆虐是無視國界的。台灣能否參與世界衛生組織不僅對我們重要,對全世界也很重要。全球團結一致、齊心協力,才能最有效的保障所有人的健康與福祉。從中國武漢開始的冠狀病毒疫情已擴散到其他地區與國家,將台灣排除在世界衛生組織外將造成國際上防疫的「盲點」。
此外,2003年爆發的SARS疫情,造成台灣失去了73條性命。如果我們當初有在世界衛生組織內,對於病毒就能有更深入的了解,而或許,就會有更多人因此得救了。
然而,我們並不是要博取同情,而是想讓世界知道台灣能幫上忙。台灣擁有全球最佳的健保制度,還有與其他先進國家並駕齊驅的醫療水準。如果讓台灣參與世界衛生組織,我們將有機會分享對抗SARS和其他流行疾病的寶貴經驗,進一步幫助世界各國,包括中國。透過我們的全民健康覆蓋、衛生應急響應,和專業的醫療訓練,台灣能幫助全世界。
不過,你可能會說,中國已經代表台灣參加世界衛生組織了。但是,台灣在地理位置的區隔下有獨立的疾病控管系統和航空交通管制,這說明了為什麼世界衛生組織在處理冠狀病毒的疫情時更應該對台灣和中國採取不同的應對方式。
同時,台灣跟中國就在隔壁,台灣站在對抗新型冠狀病毒的最前線,且我們有能力、有決心,也有對抗不同病毒的豐富經驗。將我們排除在外,即代表忽視將近2400萬的台灣人民與全球人口的生命安全。
身為一個台灣人、同時也是全球人民的一分子,我向你們請求讓台灣加入世界衛生組織。讓我們參與,即是實踐貴組織的願景:健康是基本人權,沒有人該被排除在外。謝謝你們的時間。
-
Behind the Scenes
https://youtu.be/-I6Co7q2wvA
References
http://www9.who.int/about/mission/en/
https://www.mofa.gov.tw/en/News_Content3.aspx?n=E641F7FF2AE058A1&sms=49FF69F409088525&s=E2EAB62FC6165C63&fbclid=IwAR1CAuYHEUWFQBCnC5E7zfRKnh6sR7E_Ir0qgfuT0TBHkJ6e_7XxkgZQAZk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_WRJzk22pE
Video credits
Script revision: Eric's English Lounge
Pronunciation revision: Columbus
Sound effects & mix: DJ Hauer
us state with n 在 N States 的相關結果
NEBRASKA · NEW MEXICO ; NEVADA · NEW YORK ; NEW HAMPSHIRE · NORTH CAROLINA ; NEW JERSEY · NORTH DAKOTA. ... <看更多>
us state with n 在 List of states and territories of the United States - Wikipedia 的相關結果
The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district five major territories, and various minor islands. ... <看更多>
us state with n 在 Which US States Start With N? - WorldAtlas 的相關結果
Learn more about the 8 US states that start with the letter N: Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, ... ... <看更多>