💕「愛台灣,我的選擇」系列第16發:熱愛台灣詩的美國學者白瑞梅(Amie Parry)
「我在加州內陸地區一個叫做聖伯納迪諾的小城市長大,隨後在聖地牙哥念大學和研究所,並獲得文學博士學位。求學期間我們必須至少選修一門外語,所以我就選了中文。1987年我大學畢業之後,跟朋友來了台灣一趟,在台灣教英文和學中文六個月,接著就自己一個人當起背包客在亞洲四處旅遊。
我本來想要研究中國古典詩詞,後來因為獲得傅爾布萊特獎學金,便又再度回到台灣。當時我在討論詩詞的聚會上認識了幾位現代派詩人,所以我就將研究主題轉而聚焦在台灣60、70和80年代的現代詩。我的博士論文探討的就是,以現代主義來理解現有政治語言中難以理解的現代性。我認為歷史形塑而來的經驗,往往比語言本身還要複雜。
我研究的那些詩作沒有明確的政治性,反而是有很強的實驗性質,並帶著詭譎的神秘感。當時我認識的現代派詩人大多是跟著國民黨飄洋過海來台的外省人,他們經歷過戰爭和顛沛流離,也經歷過劇烈且痛苦的歷史創傷。每個人的經驗都不同,在那個年代,也很難說出口。後來,我寫了一本關於詩的書,並聚焦在一兩位我覺得特別有趣的詩人。我在書中問了一些類似的問題:這些詩作如何幫你思考艱難的議題?
當時的現代詩已經頗有制度,許多詩人都有投稿《現代詩》這份重要的詩刊,有些詩人則是將詩作與戲劇結合。整體而言,台灣的現代詩、表演藝術和文學都發展地如火如荼,也深深吸引了我,但我還未全盤了解。當我完成博士論文時,我便獲得交通大學的教職,讓我對台灣的學術圈感到非常驚艷。而當我出版第一本著作時,我也很訝異能在美國獲獎;我根本不知道自己獲得提名,當時我問授獎單位:「為什麼選擇我的書?」他們表示:「因為書中其中一個章節是以跨國的架構來進行整體論述,妳不是單用西方的理論和東方的詩詞,而是從東西方共同錘煉出嶄新的知識。」
我目前任教於中央大學英美語文學系,除了擔任系主任之外,我也有教授寫作課、文學課和文學文化理論課程。從我1987年第一次來台灣到現在,我覺得台灣人愈來愈能自在地與來自不同地方的人交談,就個人經驗來說,我認為台灣社會愈來愈開放。我第一次來台灣時,經歷了許多台灣社會有趣的發展,也結交了許多朋友,並認識了許多學術圈的同好。我想,這些珍貴的回憶就是呼喚我再度回台的動力;就像是,如果你覺得這個社會充滿生氣和活力,而你也能夠參與其中、做出貢獻,我想這就是像家一樣的感覺吧!」
✨白瑞梅 Amie Parry 現為中央大學英美語文學系 專任教授
💕Why I chose Taiwan #16 – Amie Parry
“I grew up in a small city in inland California called San Bernardino. I went to college and graduate school in San Diego. I got my PhD in literature. We were all expected to learn at least one language, so I did Chinese. I traveled to Taiwan with a friend right after I graduated from college in 1987. We came here to teach English and study Chinese for six months, then I traveled around Asia by myself with a backpack.
I originally wanted to study classical Chinese poetry. I got a Fulbright grant and I came back here. I started going to the poetry nights that were happening at that time. I met some of the modernist poets, and I switched my focus to the modernist poetry of the 60s, 70s, and 80s in Taiwan. I wrote my dissertation on modernism as a way of understanding the parts of modernity that are hard to know in the existing political language that we inherit. I think that experience in historical formation is always more complicated than the language.
These poems are not explicitly political; they're very experimental and strange. At the time, the modernist poets I met were mostly 外省, men who had been drafted and come over with the KMT, so they had experienced war and displacement, and a very intense and traumatic historical moment. People experienced it differently, and at that time, it was a hard thing to talk about. Later, I wrote a book about poetry, but I just focused on one or two poets I find really, really fascinating. And I was asking some of the same kinds of questions: how can these poems help you think about certain topics that are hard to think about?
At that time, Modernist poetry was a kind of an institution already. There was a journal called 現代詩, “Modern Poetry,” a really important journal that most of these poets were published in. Some of them combined poetry and theater. There's just so much going on in Taiwan in terms of poetry and performance and literature. It's just amazing. And I'm very interested in it at all, but I haven't kept up. After I finished my dissertation, I got a job offer at 交大. I thought, wow, there's something really amazing happening intellectually here. When my first book came out, it actually got an award in the U.S., and I was so surprised. I didn't even know it had been nominated. I asked them, ‘Why did you choose my book?’ And they said, because one of the chapters has a transnational of framework for the whole argument, so it wasn't like you used Western theories and Eastern texts, it's like the whole knowledge part is coming out of both places.
I currently teach in the English department at National Central University. I'm the chair and I teach writing classes, literature classes, and literary and cultural theory classes. Since my first visit to Taiwan in 1987, I think people are a little more comfortable talking to people from different places. In my personal interactions, I feel a difference, like a greater openness. Back then, there were so many interesting things happening here, all at one time, and that's the time that I happened to be here. And I made good friends in my personal life and in my intellectual life. And I think those are the things that made me come back: like if you feel that there's something interesting happening and there's some way that you can support it. I guess that's a way of feeling at home.” — Amie Parry
✨Amie Parry is professor of the Department of English at the National Central University
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過76萬的網紅memehongkong,也在其Youtube影片中提到,133 第一因論證—證明神存在的最強論述 康德(I.Kant)曾經說:形而上學是哲學內部的戰場,人類自古會對宇宙的起源、靈魂存在、神是否存在等問題追問,希望得到確定的答案,可惜事與願違,這些形而上學的問題,始終沒法安頓下來。其中由亞里士多德所提出的第一因論證(first cause argumen...
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argument中文 在 食之兵法: 鞭神老師的料理研究 The Culinary Art of War Facebook 的最讚貼文
下午上完了這學年最後一堂英文作文(二)的課,又過了一年。教了十多年的英作,今年這一班學習的態度認真而上進,實在是很讓人喜歡的一個班。
從上學期段落式的topic sentence(主題句),到最後整篇文章的thesis statement,不管大家寫得多痛苦,我們走過來了。但是其實英文作文最難的部份追根究底還是主題句,我不確定中文作文有沒有類似的掌控段落的概念。但如果能夠把主題句寫好,段落就不會有問題;能夠將thesis statement寫好,全文就能連貫而一統。因為主題句就是為了控制我們的思路,將我們所有的想法和論點控制在一個數十到數百字段落的範圍裡。因此,主題句的組成,是你想談的主題加上「一個」論點。之所以將「一個」標上引號,正是主題句的重點之一:一個主題句只能有一個論點,也就是說一個段落只針對一個單一論點來談。而主題句的功用,正是讓我們去組織和統合我們的論點,讓我們不會離題,讓我們的思想前後連貫。因此,主題句的論點(argument),又被稱為controlling idea或focus,因為它管控著我們的思路,凝聚著我們的焦點。這個argument/controlling idea/focus如果能夠寫好,那這個段落就能夠寫得順暢,因為,我們唯一要做的事,就只是去支持和解釋我們的論點。比如「Cell phones are indispensable business tools」這個主題句,cell phones是主題,而它是indispensable business tools是argument,所以這個段落唯一要做的是就只需要在下面解釋為何行動電話做為business tools(被限定範圍)是不可或缺的就好了。而同樣的主題,也會因為論點的不同,而產生不同的段落。像是同樣以cell phones當主題的話,如果寫了「Cell phones are annoying gadgets」的話,那這個段落就變成作者要解釋為何行動電話會如此地惱人了。
不過,也必須要有一個好的argument,才能讓文章和段落能夠順利發展。比如如果主題句是「Too many people treat animals badly in experiments」,雖然可以猜出要談的是動物被不當用於實驗中,但因為沒有寫出What people? Badly how? What kinds of experiments?,因此段落的發展就會沒有方向。因此給它argument就是給它focus,如果將哪些人,什麼樣的壞和什麼樣的實驗加入的話,我們可以寫成:「The cosmetic industry often harms animals in unnecessary experiments designed to test products」。在這樣的主題句之下,我們下面寫起來就簡單了。和讀者解釋化妝品產業為了測試產品對動物做哪些不必要的實驗,又為何沒必要,簡單、清楚而明瞭。
而在最後幾個禮拜的進度裡,關於文章中的語氣(tone)所要避免的問題,也是台灣最常見的。像是「invective」,也就是以指責和輕視的方式行文:「智力測驗的時候到了」、「智商低才會相信」、「這個文章只有小學生程度」之類的,不以理性論述來說服讀者的文章;或是「flippancy or cuteness」,在文章中油腔滑調:「好開心啊 哈哈」;「sentimentality」,不用證據和理性論點說服讀者,卻用「My dog, Cuddles, is the sweetest, cutest, most precious little puppy dog in the whole world, and she will always be my best friend」這種cheap emotion等。
至於結尾,還有一個常見的問題是either/or,也就是如果你不認同我,你就是無知/錯誤/自私/沒品味的人的寫法。這個寫法在網路文章中最常看到的,就是如果你沒吃過xxx,就別說你真的吃過xxx。
照片從左到右是我常用的英作教材,按程度高低,最左邊是句型練習、中間是段落練習,而最右邊則是從段落到寫作細節與各類文體的英作專書。
argument中文 在 與芬尼學英語 Finnie's Language Arts Facebook 的最佳貼文
《世上有種報復叫寬恕 / The Art of Persuasion (說服的藝術)》
雖然我哋嘅YouTube頻道訂閱只有唔夠五萬人,我都唔算多人識,但係我都明白喺某啲人心目中我係一個半公眾人物,唔係話我覺得自己好出名,而係我明白到有啲人,係會覺得我有一定嘅影響力。亦因為咁,有少部分人將我每一個錯誤都放到好大,例如聽到我讀錯咗一個字嘅時候,佢哋會好激動,會好嬲,覺得我誤導左學生,甚至會義正詞嚴、義憤填膺咁喺影片下面留言,同我講:「你讀錯咗呢個字就唔好教人啦!」,又或者「你明明錯咗,仲要死雞撐飯蓋!」,又或者:「你英文就好喇,但係中文好多懶音喎,讀個簡單嘅「我」字都冇讀到個NG音。」(佢哋可能冇聽過咩prescriptivism同descriptivism架)
其實佢哋未必係妒忌我啲乜嘢、或者係惡意咁批評緊,甚至可能係出於好意嘅。
面對呢啲所謂嘅hater,姑勿論佢哋啱定唔啱,講嘢有道理定冇道理吖,我自細就好鍾意嘅一個作家,佢叫Steven Covey,佢係一個self help genre嘅writer,你曾經講過一句咁嘅說話:「You can never win an argument.」(你永遠唔係爭辯裡面獲勝)
意思就係,就算你嘅觀點幾有道理都好,你嘅論證幾咁嚴密都好,有時說服其他人或者證明比其他人睇你係啱嘅方法,並唔係同佢地講道理、論邏輯或者嘗試說服佢哋,而係唔介意佢哋嘅批評,一路繼續做落去,甚至好肉麻咁講,用「愛」淹沒佢哋嘅憎恨。
用愛淹沒恨那個策略唔係我講㗎,係著名嘅企業家Gary Vee講嘅。你可能會覺得好奇怪,但其實你諗深一層,好有道理呀,你諗下惡意或者善意嘅批評姐(我哋好難讀心,有時都好難斷定究竟佢哋係善意定惡意的),如果你去謾罵佢哋,或者反駁佢哋,只會引來佢哋嘅進一步嘅反駁,但係如果你對佢哋展示同理心同關懷,就算佢地未必會即刻變咗buy你,佢哋反而都唔知俾咩反應好。我最鍾意嘅作家愛爾蘭才子Oscar Wilde咁講過一句有智慧又抵死嘅說話:
「Always forgive your enemies; nothing annoys them so much. (寬恕你嘅敵人;冇嘢俾呢樣嘢更加令佢地苦惱。)」
點解?冇嘢俾寬恕更令敵人苦惱?因為佢地都好puzzled,點解人地唔係追斬我,反而出其不意咁用寬容對待我呢?
所以啊,面對hater最好嘅方法,唔係反駁佢哋、唔係說服佢哋、甚至未必係唔理佢哋,而係用愛去淹沒佢哋。
或者你會覺得,嘩,講到好神聖咁喎,邊會做到啊,呢啲人咁衰,唔通真係可以以德報怨咩?
其實可以架,對錯,有時唔係人生之中最重要嘅事,佢覺得你錯咪錯囉;你去反駁佢,根本唔會further到你個objective(which is 將佢拉近你嘅觀點),反而令到佢會更加憎你;相反如果你用同理心諗下,其實呢啲人內心可能好唔開心呢,佢哋需要透過踩低其他人,去令自己開心啲,所謂hurt people hurt people(受過傷害的人傷害他人/施虐者就是被虐者),其實呢啲人都好慘架,如果你能夠咁諗,同埋用愛同你解去對待佢哋,就算你未必佢convert你嗰邊,佢都會因為不知所措而收聲。咁咪唔使再嗌交囉!
利申:唔係永遠做到😅
credit:Gary Vaynerchuk
argument中文 在 memehongkong Youtube 的精選貼文
133 第一因論證—證明神存在的最強論述
康德(I.Kant)曾經說:形而上學是哲學內部的戰場,人類自古會對宇宙的起源、靈魂存在、神是否存在等問題追問,希望得到確定的答案,可惜事與願違,這些形而上學的問題,始終沒法安頓下來。其中由亞里士多德所提出的第一因論證(first cause argument),最具爭議。它似乎可以以論證的方式證明神的存在,但卻引起一些理論後果,讓形而上學的想望繼續空懸下去。
講者:陶國璋(中文大學哲學系客座助理教授)、李康廷(中文大學哲學系博士生)
即時聊天室:http://goo.gl/ToDqof
謎米香港 www.memehk.com
Facebook:www.facebook.com/memehkdotcom
argument中文 在 emi wong Youtube 的最讚貼文
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argument中文 在 GreatKidsLearning Youtube 的最佳解答
英文日常口語 44 (English Daily Conversation with Chinese 44.)
Everyone can easily learn English and Chinese.
學習翻譯下列英文日常口語:
You are just trying to save face.
His argument doesn't hold water.
Your face tells it all.
The days are getting longer.
I hope you get well soon.
I'm here on business.
Let's have fun tonight.
Thank you for coming to see me off.
Don't be so fussy!
I am racking my brains.
She's a real drag.
This is in way over my head.
A poor chance.
Everybody has skeleton in the closet.
Don't get on my nerve!
相關學習影片的播放清單:
英文單字倍增法: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbZ3VKhzf4ly1lM4i-Z_eBFv
學習中英文: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbabhNuVvZWgtajYoF9VawC4
唐詩三百首: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbbyg5uLxZotvXfZrK5_t8Br
英文基礎閱讀與聽力: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbbn5adEk87hlxbpMZfQDD5G
英文日常口語(English Daily Conversation): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbbwKGyw-K8f5jh-mIwARCgJ
情人節英文日常口語: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbZp9Al8kBa3iNVONRID_WV9
中文學習: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbbNs2hymyK17oTLLlP0y90w
英文常用片語: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbbib1KSDPAQlsDuG0BkS0I-
中文成語學習: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbaZVeHYfsWTNXgNKymILLIu
ㄅㄆㄇ練習-Chinese Phonics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbY-Svl4p641U-5DCpwlWsXW
ㄅㄆㄇ拼音範例: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbYQ4Dk0xqZ4prAr39bvrs3X
唐代李白的詩: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbaLq6Ilu4ODNAi-926thnIu
英文基礎文法: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbbSMWYX3_CNjd4ZE_lqQppN
英文發音練習 (Phonics): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbZMJTrz59dBXXW0qPDGVdLo
ABC 發音練習-ABC Phonics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbYzUqY70d4A9HYNwMqHMdwR
KK發音清晰版-KK Phonics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbbB-Qh7E3Z3tXQimg3Oh75i
3年級數學-Grade 3 Math: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbaz_lrxc10dOQPpT-xdZrJ3
4年級數學-Grade 4 Math: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbZ26Xw9C0rrYX3pVOjYr2-_
2年級數學-Grade 2 Math: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbYmYY2JWHx492eLB-en9JTG
8年級數學-Grade 8 Math: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbYjniNhLJOkJqAAhNmoPNY_
7年級數學-Grade 7 Math: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbYG-7kDr-fCnDVCNWg6Qf9U
5年級數學-Grade 5 Math: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbY0cQ_J95u69cmOskxqNsGr
6年級數學-Grade 6 Math: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbaqO07HAxytuNhEr62twSu9
1年級數學 (Grade 1 Math): https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_xcIE0AQTbY051AXIsmmhDXzvJ1eMr--
argument中文 在 The Moral Argument道德論證[中文CC翻譯] - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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