#葉郎每日讀報 #一週大事版
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「只有瘋子、天才或是心臟很
強的賭徒才會投資連鎖電影院」
——Forbes
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在這種劇烈震盪的時節,每一週都可能是改寫電影史的歷史性時刻,比如本週:
第一次空窗期世界大戰導火線
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過去一週發生在好萊塢的最大驚奇——好萊塢主流片廠第一部跳過電影院、直接以高單價上VOD隨選平台的電影《Trolls World Tour 魔髮精靈唱遊世界》,在上架三週後創造了1億美元的銷售紀錄。因為VOD平台如Amazon和Apple的抽成遠低於電影院的約50%,也就是說成本九千多萬的《魔髮精靈唱遊世界》很可能已經在這兩天回本。
直到一個月前,全好萊塢沒有人相信VOD市場還是一回事,更別提VOD可以取代電影院通路成為一部主流片廠電影回本的途徑。
Amazon和Apple的VOD銷售連年下滑,產業規模比起2006年已經縮水62%。所有人都認為VOD是已經過氣的通路,Amazon和Apple根本已經把他們的 VOD當成可有可無的會員服務,而非賺錢的途徑。但出身電信業的NBCUniversal的執行長Jeff Shell不這麼想,他覺得VOD是好萊塢的救命藥方。
NBCUniversal目前屬於電信集團Caomcast,過去在電信業的營運經驗和靈活彈性讓他們對於VOD網路零售向來獨具信心。事實上2011年NBCUniversal就企圖「探索」好萊塢空窗期的紅線,在導演Brett Ratner的電影《Tower Heist 神偷軍團》上映三週後打算以59.99元的高單價在VOD市場零售。但該計畫遭到電影院的激烈反對並揚言抵制,讓NBCUniversal隨即打消主意。
NBCUniversal認為被當成黃昏產業的VOD足以當成對抗Netflix的武器,因為消費者願意付更高的費用在家裡看和電影院同步上映的電影,而不願等待90天後Netflix上可能有也可能沒有的不確定因素。因此他們成為理所當然在這波疫情中對「空窗期」開第一槍的勇者。
讓《魔髮精靈唱遊世界》大膽跨過紅線的,不只是NBCUniversal對於VOD的堅貞信仰,另外一個理由是他們現在財務壓力極大,願意拿任何東西出來換錢。這幾天公佈的Comcast第一季財報顯示,該公司寬頻業務和NBC電視業務都受到疫情刺激而有所增長,但NBCUniversal 的電影和主題樂園業務都受到前所未久的重擊:電影業務下滑了23%,主題樂園業務下滑了32%,等於分別蒸發了13.7億和8.7億美元。Peacock原本要當成開台大戲的東京奧運轉播也已落空,剩下的節目是否足以應戰對手Disney+、Netflix或是HBO Max仍是未知數。華爾街日報消息昨天甚至報導NBCUniversal上週已經開始討論縮減支出的計畫,其中包含了大規模的裁員。
《魔髮精靈唱遊世界》1億美元的銷售紀錄證明了NBCUniversal長久以來對於VOD市場獨有的觀點,也代表這個曾被認為是昨日黃花的通路在疫情過後很可能有全新的機會。
嚐到甜頭的NBCUniversal隨即打鐵趁熱,再祭出兩招:
第一招是和NBCUniversal同屬Comcast的售票系統Fandango近日宣佈併購Walmart旗下的VOD服務Vudu。經營自己的VOD服務,可以讓NBCUniversal 省下被Apple或是Amazon抽成的20%,獨佔1億美元銷售的100%收益。
第二招是執行長Jeff Shell在接受訪問時透露他們將繼續尋找其他適合的電影,打算讓這個電影院、VOD同步上映的做法變成長期政策。這個作法等於明白宣示從此Universal眼中沒有「空窗期」這個字眼。
正是這第二招命中了電影院業者的要害。
已經因為全面停業而焦急得團團轉的電影院,此時此刻再被長年合作的片廠落井下石,幾乎是馬上翻臉。全球最大連鎖電影院品牌AMC火速發表口氣強硬的聲明說NBCUniversal逼他們出此下策——全球的AMC影城將開始抵制Universal的所有電影,而且強調他們絕對不只是說說,不但抵制會立刻生效,而且還會包含未來跨過空窗期這條界線的任何一家片廠。美國第二大品牌Regal也隨即跟進宣佈抵制。NATO美國電影院經營者協會也發表聲明表示他們很遺憾NBCUniversal老是不事先諮詢放映業的夥伴就做出影響他們深遠的決定。
引發這場戰火的NBCUniversal則以聲明回應,強調他們仍然信仰電影院的體驗,並且仍然期待未來可以在電影院通路優先發行電影。他們眼前的作法只是希望在這個特殊的難關中,繼續提供居家防疫中的民眾娛樂選項。基於這個作法引發的熱烈迴響,他們認為自己做的是正確的決定。
就像暗殺奧匈帝國王儲的塞爾維亞青年,不起眼的《魔髮精靈唱遊世界》正在引爆一場毀滅性的戰爭。這才只是交火的第一天。
電影院能否撐過這場持久戰
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抵制是一場持久戰,比的是誰的氣長。問題是電影院的這一口氣真否能撐過這場終點還不知道在哪裡的疫情。
2012年中國(當時)首富王健林的房地產事業萬達集團收購美國連鎖電影院品牌AMC,隨後繼續收購美國Carmike院線、歐洲Odeon院線和Nordic Cinema Group,因而成為全世界最大連鎖電影院品牌。這是AMC敢跟擁有《Jurassic Park 侏羅紀公園》系列和《Fast & Furious 玩命關頭》系列的NBCUniversal對賭的理由。
有產業分析師認為AMC並不必然會贏,其一理由是它是最大但不是唯一,仍有其他電影院願意放映NBCUniversal電影(在此同時另外一個電影院品牌Ragel也宣佈跟進抵制),其二是AMC自己有太多體質上的麻煩,能否撐到抵制成功還很難說。佔AMC收入31%的餐飲收入近年在努力改進餐點後開始成長,但佔收入60%的電影票收入卻始終低迷,AMC怪罪景氣循環和電影本身不好,但觀眾正在離開電影院卻是事實。AMC近年為了吸引客人回流大量舉債投資改善設備,為了這波疫情AMC一方面債務重組一方面又發行了5億公司債,以便維持到11月之前的現金流。11月並不遙遠,而且就算疫情已緩仍有可能有第二波、第三波。一再傳出可能破產AMC的銀彈是否足夠讓他們打贏這場空窗期是個大問題。
Forbes的產業專家也說現在投資連鎖電影院的不是傻子就是瘋狂的天才:
Forbes的報導中推論即便夏天疫情消退之後電影院重新開門營業,也會面臨嚴重的票房下滑,因為觀眾不一定願意出門,而且電影院的座位安排仍然需要依照社交距離的規定減少可售張數。NATO美國電影院經營者協會執行長John Fithian 《Tenet 天能》如果能在7月如期上映的話,票房開低的機會不小(但會因為欠缺競爭對手而得以佔據電影院數個月繼續收成)。
按照過去流感會在10月重新開始流行的模式,COVID-19疫情很可能再度升溫,嚴重時可能導致電影院再度關門。專家認為全年下來電影票房應該會少到59%以上,如果以AMC電影院2019年的營業額54.7億美元來說,可能會驟減至23億。
中長期來說,美國人進電影院的頻率一直在下滑,電影院的收入偶見成長都是因為提高票價和爆米花價格所致。疫情只會加速這個方向,因此只有傻子才會投資電影院。作者用經典喜劇《Monty Python and the Holy Grail聖杯傳奇》中的橋段來比喻AMC抵制Universal的作法:亞瑟王砍掉擋路的敵人一隻手,對方堅稱只是一點小擦傷,直到四肢都被砍斷仍抵死不認輸,但亞瑟王早已揚長而去。那個亞瑟王叫做Netflix。另一方面,作者也一再鼓吹片廠應該利用這個時候買下電影院,以便確保票房收入,並取代長期欠缺資力的電影院老闆來下重本提升電影院體驗,藉以迎戰Netlfix。
AMC不是孤單的,全世界的電影院業者都在想盡辦法活下去:
英國連鎖電影院VUE請求房東100%減免房租以讓他們度過難關。VUE旗下全歐洲228家電影院都已經停業,唯一的例外是該公司在台灣經營的星橋國際影城。
好消息是歐洲的捷克和挪威都已經先後宣佈電影院重新開放的時程和條件。
另一個值得關注的電影院產業動向是強調用餐體驗的Alamo Drafthouse電影院執行長兼創辦人Tim League將改任執行主席,並延攬來自Starbucks星巴克Shelli Taylor擔任新執行長。許多人預測長期深耕體驗營造並擁有堅貞粉絲的Alamo Drafthouse會是電影院產業進化並生存下來的下一步,這也是他們會從餐飲品牌引入高級主管的理由。Shelli Taylor過去是星巴克在中國擴張的主將,一手將中國的星巴克版圖從500家擴展為她離職時的3000家。所以這是否還意味Alamo Drafthouse可能在疫情過後選擇更激進的擴張策略(比如併購在疫情中破產的電影院)?
另外一家跟電影院業緊密相關的企業是Imax。Imax第一季財報顯示業績嚴重下滑56%,但該公司強調他們有充裕的現金足以稱過這場世界級的災難。Imax執行長Rich Gelfond 認為美國正在上演的AMC大戰Univeral的戲碼,Imax認為這場仗的標的與他們無關,因為《Trolls World Tour 魔髮精靈唱遊世界》本來就不是Imax會演的電影。但他認為電影院和片廠的衝突並沒有那麼高,因為要吸引觀眾回來這兩方缺一不可,大家都在努力協調試圖達成這個不可能的任務。他特別提及導演Christopher Nolan正不眠不休地想辦法讓他的新片《天能》在電影院放映:「我不知道全美國還有誰比Christopher Nolan更努力要讓電影院開門並在電影院發行他的電影」
Imax之所以老神在在,是因為該品牌最重要的市場——中國的電影院應該很快就有機會重新開門營業,因為中國政府需要電影院替商場帶來人潮、刺激經濟回溫。
另一方面,早了三個月開打的中國版「空窗期」大戰,電影院業者似乎處於上風:
原定今年1月上映的《囧媽》開第一槍跳過電影院直接在多個西瓜視頻首映之後,隨後又有《肥龍過江》在愛奇藝首映。當時也引發中國電影院業者聯名寫信向國家電影局求援,並揚言抗議日後的出品電影。但這個亞洲戰場的戰局本週突然有了新的局勢——路透社報導中國官方近期告訴電影業者將收緊「空窗期」的管理,避免再有中國電影跳過電影院直接上網路平台。在此同時中國國家電影局長局長王曉輝也在電影系統應對疫情視訊會議上公開說出「要維護院線電影窗口期規則」以及「加強對院線電影網絡播出的通盤規劃等字眼」。中國各省開始推出對電影院的扶持政策,包含各種補貼、貸款、獎勵等項目。
不具名的愛奇藝高層喊冤的說詞和NBCUniversal也大同小異:「我們的出發點仍然相同,就是讓人們看到好電影」。中國政府的介入將使電影院業者得到遲來的保護(正義?),而發行商和網路影音平台則再失商機。至少中國市場的空窗期是回來了。
光環退去的美國眾神
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過去一週的另一個個歷史性的時刻:2021年的奧斯卡獎將(暫時)接受他們長期視為無物的網路電影。
為了讓今年受疫情影響無法在電影院上映的電影也有報名參賽的機會,美國影藝學院宣佈明年的奧斯卡遊戲規則調整,將首度開放未經電影院放映的電影報名。即便堂堂美國影藝學院,在聲明稿的開頭仍須向電影院的基本教義派重申信他們的仰純度:「學院堅信沒有比電影院更偉大的方式體驗電影的魔法」,但疫情使他們不得不暫時破例。
不過影藝學院依舊劃清界線,要求必須原本訂有上映日期的電影才可以報名,同時排除本來就為了電視放映而拍攝的電視電影。對於尚未有發行商(因而沒有上映日期)的獨立製作來說要如何符合資格也是大問題。不過至少這個規定會讓許多還在猶豫要等明年或是今年就上串流的電影終於可以放心做決定。
對奧斯卡來說這個暫時的退讓是痛苦的,因為他們把自己定義為電影院體驗的最高聖殿,並且一直在重兵部署阻止Netflix進入這個聖殿。但這一年的「暫時」,很可能會開啟為時更長、更深遠的討論。討論那個他們現在連想都不敢想的問題:為什麼不?
為什麼不永遠接受網路電影?如果繼續排除網路電影,奧斯卡會不會越來越不相關?
這世界上有千百種頒獎典禮,奧斯卡偏偏成為典禮中的典禮,成為全世界最多人同時收看的直播電視有它的理由——在社群直播發明之前,奧斯卡是全世界的觀眾得以一窺這些背後有各自光環的明星,像我們一樣哭、一樣笑、一樣跌倒的唯一場合。奧斯卡讓這些神明更像人,更可以親近,也因此這個年度盛會活生生就像每年只會發生一次的神仙下凡。
這同時也是為什麼奧斯卡頒獎典禮收視率為什麼一去不回的理由。有了Facebook、Instagram、YouTube和Twitch等等直播平台,美國眾神們根本天天下凡了。
這波疫情成為全世界的神仙天天開直播開示信徒的。其中當然也有振奮人心的案例,比如在澳洲拍戲時確診的Tom Hanks夫婦一直在分享他們生病和復原的經驗,甚至還進一步捐出他們的血液來作為疫苗研究之用。
但這只是極少數正面案例。多的是像Elon Musk這樣言行乖張的名人被社群網路放大之後被看穿光環的案例。比如說我們的老朋友Madonna:
最近一直在IGTV上推播防疫日記的Madonna開始出現詭異的言行,比如宣佈她已經檢驗出COVID-19抗體,所以她打算明天開車出去玩,「呼吸一下COVID-19的新鮮空氣」。然而並沒有證據證明有抗體就足以對COVID-19免疫,請大家千萬不要學習Madonna同學。
衛報昨天刊出的分析就認為疫情正在將明星「去神格化」。社群媒介上如潮水般湧現的明星直播,原本應該要縮短我們跟明星之間的距離,最後卻達到相反的效果:我們看清楚了他們的奢豪生活跟我們完全不一樣,同時也看清楚了這種災難時刻過去獨攬注意力的他們根本派不上任何用場。這些神治不好我們的病。
同樣發生這個效應的是這幾年快速崛起的網紅們,本來每天賣臉蛋、賣話題、賣產品的網紅們最近這兩個月什麼注意力都分不到,預計將會是網紅經濟的一個轉折點。慢走~
|新聞出處|
4/26~5/2一週大事
AMC Theatres Refuses to Play Universal Films in Wake of 'Trolls: World Tour'(https://bit.ly/2VKvrCx)
‘Trolls World Tour’ Breaks Digital Records and Charts a New Path for Hollywood (https://on.wsj.com/)
Comcast’s Results Suffer as Coronavirus Hits Theme Parks, Movie Business(https://on.wsj.com/3cYBM39)
Only Fools, Mad Geniuses, And Daredevils Would Invest In A Theater Chain( https://bit.ly/3aRChdW)
Alamo Drafthouse Gets New CEO, Tim League to Become Executive Chairman(https://bit.ly/2KP4tU3)
China to tighten rules to stop movies from premiering online (https://reut.rs/2KJsVWU)
Oscars Rule to Allow Films to Skip a Theatrical Release This Year(https://nyti.ms/3d2FSXN)
Tom Hanks’ Blood Is Being Used to Develop Coronavirus Vaccine (https://bit.ly/2VKQHbz)
Madonna Says She Has Coronavirus Antibodies, Wants to ‘Breathe in the COVID-19 Air’(https://bit.ly/2YmXCt7)
‘There’s a sense that celebrities are irrelevant’: has coronavirus shattered our fame obsession?(https://bit.ly/2z0wO7d)
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Just a quick update for those who might not have heard of our election result as of yesterday.
We've had the highest voting rate since 2004, with a turnout rate of 58% - reflecting how important it is given that it is the first one since the Umbrella Movement in 2014.
Pro-democracy camp has maintained its veto power in LegCo (at least in relation to members bills and constitutional reforms), winning 19 seats out of 35 in the Geographical Constituency, and 11 out of 35 in the Functional Constituency.
There are some new faces in the LegCo, with new generations now entering the council. Six candidates have set to advocate for Hong Kong's "self-determination" in the LegCo. Although localist parties did not do as well as I'd hope, overall the results still remain positive.
In case you've missed it, here's the video which is a continuation of my previous video explaining how Hong Kong is not China. This video will give you a better idea into Hong Kong's flawed institutional structure. It is to be seen whether call for Hong Kong's self-determination can really be brought up in the LegCo.
Lastly, for the next period of time, I will be returning to my usual Cantonese videos (travelling, vlogging etc). I know that many of you perhaps don't understand Cantonese so I will be putting on English subtitles in my future videos.
Thanks,
Auman
Hong Kong Independence?
…all you need to know about recent Hong Kong in 15 minutes
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↓↓Transcript (as requested)↓↓
我們之前提及香港與中國有截然不同的制度
So previously we talked about Hong Kong and China having vastly a different system
香港是一個仿民主社會,而中國即由中國共產黨統治
Hong Kong is a quasi-democratic society while China is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party
所以我們不希望人們混淆兩者
…so we don’t want people to get confused between the two
但故事還未講完
But the story doesn’t end here
明年是2017年,香港主權移交給中國的20週年
Next year 2017, it would be 20 years since Hong Kong’s turnover to China
你大概會以為這段時間香港和中國會越走越近
You would’ve thought that during this time, Hong Kong and China would’ve grown closer to one another
但事實卻非如此
But it has not been so.
香港人和中國人反而變得越來越有隔膜
If anything, we’ve grown to be more and more apart.
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沒錯 在過去20年
Yes it is true that during the last two decades
中國從一個發展中國家 發展成現時最大經濟體系之一
China has gone from being a developing country to what is now one of the largest, if not the largest economy in the world
人民收入增加 生活質素提升 有些中國人也躋身全球富豪榜
…which means rising income for Chinese citizens, better quality of life and China has some of the richest people in the world
香港人應該為中國人身份感到自豪吧
If anything, Hong Kong people should be a proud China man!
我還記得2008北京奧運 那個開幕典禮實在是精妙絕倫
I still remember seeing the Beijing Olympics in 2008; that opening ceremony was outrageously amazing
花了很多心機 很好看
…it was beautifully done and such a joy to watch
那是香港人少有地為國家感到自豪的一刻
It was one of those rare moments where Hong Kong people share the same sense of pride as the rest of China
不過 現實歸現實
But the Olympics is one thing, and reality is another
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事實上,自主權移交以來,香港和中國一直有許多矛盾和衝突
The truth is there have been a lot of conflicts between Hong Kong and China since the handover
香港向中國打開了大門,每天都有大量中國遊客到訪
Hong Kong has largely opened up to China where we get a huge number of Chinese tourists every day
旅客本身不應該是個問題,但我們目睹過不少中國旅客的不文明行為
並不是問題。重點在於中國遊客所製造出來的問題。
While tourism shouldn’t be a problem in itself, we have witnessed a lot of issues with these Chinese tourists
例如不懂得在迪士尼樂園排隊 和隨地小便
There had been reports of uncivilized behavior such as not knowing how to queue in Disneyland and… pissing on the street.
我必須強調 不是所有中國遊客都會這樣做 只有一部份會這樣做
And I can’t emphasize enough, not every Chinese tourists do it, it’s just some that does it
但由於香港每天都有大量的中國遊客 這成為了一個逼切的問題
…but because Hong Kong gets so many of them, that becomes a daily problem for people living in Hong Kong.
除此之外,我們可以看到名牌店和藥房的數量激增,以滿足中國遊客的需求
And it’s not just that, we see the rise in luxury shops and pharmacies in Hong Kong to tailor the need of Chinese tourists
如果你去上水(很接近中國邊境的地方)的街頭
If you go to a street in Sheung Shui, which is a place very close to the mainland border
我以前常常去的──你會看見到處都是藥房
I used to go there a lot - you see streets full of pharmacies
其實我完全不明白為何這些店舖會叫做藥房
…and I don’t even know why they are called pharmacies
因為他們主要不是售賣藥物,而是奶粉和尿片
…because mainly they don’t sell medicine, they sell baby milk formula and diapers.
事實上 大陸人不相信中國製的貨品
The thing is, mainland Chinese don’t trust their own stuff
因為在中國任何東西都有可能是假的 那裡沒有質量管制或食物安全
…because you can get fake everything in China; there’s no quality control or food safety
所以很多中國人都會來香港買日用品 如奶粉
So many Chinese come to Hong Kong to buy daily stuff and one product that has always been in high demand is baby milk formulas
香港部份地區甚至出現奶粉短缺的問題
It has got to a point where the supply became so tight that there is a shortage of milk formulas in some areas of Hong Kong
如果你住在歐洲或美國,這情況可能難以置信
If you are living in the Europe or the US, this might sound really hard to believe
嬰兒配方奶粉和尿片!但這是真的,這切切實實在香港發生
Milk formula and diapers, but it’s true, it is what’s happening in Hong Kong.
還有其他問題,例如中國孕婦來港產子等
I can go on about other stuff as well such as the number of Mainland pregnant women who come to Hong Kong
事實上,在2010年,37%新生嬰兒的父母均不是香港永久居民
In fact, in 2010, as much as 37% of all babies born in Hong Kong have neither parents being a permanent Hong Kong resident
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基於這些中港矛盾的問題 香港出現越來越嚴重的反中情緒
Basically because of all these things, this has led to an increasingly serious anti-Chinese hype in Hong Kong
很多香港人都不歡迎中國人 只想他們離開
Many local people are furious and just want them to go away
但對我來說 問題永遠出於制度
But to me, the real problem always lies in the system
我不想將整件事歸疚於中國人身上
Conceptually, I hate to put my frustration upon the Chinese people
因為要來港購物以保障自身安全並不是他們的錯
Because it’s not their fault that they have to buy things from Hong Kong to ensure that they are safe
但制度上出了甚麼問題?
But what about the system?
關於這個制度我簡述如下
There’s a lot I can say about this system, but for now I will just simplify it as follows
在制度頂端有中國共產黨,之後有香港政府和立法會中的建制派
At the top of the system we have the Chinese Communist Party, then we have the Hong Kong government and the pro-establishment camp in our Legislative council
簡單來說,這個制度一直想將香港變成中國的一個普通城市
In short, this system has been trying to turn Hong Kong into just another city of China
並且破壞一國兩制的原則
…and damaging the core principle of “One Country, Two Systems”
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很長時間以來,香港人一直在爭取民主
For a long time, Hong Kong people have been advocating for full democracy
即是普選,可以提名和投票給我們自己的領袖(行政長官)
That means universal suffrage with the right to nominate and elect our own leader, which in Hong Kong is called the Chief Executive
根據基本法,我們有普選的權利
According to the Basic Law, we have a legal right to universal suffrage.
在過去20年,中國政府曾多次承諾香港人會有普選
In the past 20 years, the Chinese government has assured Hong Kong several times that we are going to get universal suffrage
但他們一直拖延實施普選的日期
But they have been pushing back the date for it
又推托說香港人未準備好,所以2007年和2012年都沒有普選。
…and kept saying Hong Kong wasn’t ready, so we didn’t get it in 2007 and 2012
但北京承諾香港2017年可普選特首
But the Chinese has set a timeline for it, and they said Hong Kong would eventually get universal suffrage by 2017
結果,2014年8月31日,北京說
And guess what, on 31st August 2014, the Chinese said
好,你可以有你想要的普選,但我們需要增加幾個條件
Alright you are going to get your universal suffrage, but we are going to have to impose some conditions
首先,行政長官必需愛國
First the Chief Executive must be someone who is patriotic to China
第二,候選人需要先得到現有的行政長官選舉委員會的提名 (絕大部分都是親中代表)
Secondly candidates are going to be nominated by the current Election Committee, which consists (mostly) of 1200 pro-Beijing representatives
最後,無論誰勝出選舉,都要得到中國政府委任才可成為行政長官
Lastly, whoever wins the popular election must be appointed by the Chinese government
所以他們就是說,好,你們可以普選,但我們保留剔除任何人的權利
So basically they are saying, alright you can get your vote but we reserve the right to screen out anyone that we dislike
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北京公布831決定後,香港人當然很憤怒
After this was announced by the Chinese officials, we were bloody furious
所以我們展開了一連串抗議行動,要求真普選
So we began a series of protests demanding for “true universal suffrage”
我們一直以來都覺得普選就是
For years we have always thought universal suffrage means just that
一個民主及公開的選舉
The right to vote in a democratic and open election
但是中共卻憑空製造了完全相反的東西
But the CCP managed to create something that is completely contrary to that
結果,大學生開始罷課
As a result, university students like myself began boycotting classes
並參與在金鐘香港政府總部外舉行的集會
…and attended gathering outside the Hong Kong government headquarters in Admiralty to protest
這演變成持續79天的佔領金鐘、銅鑼灣和旺角的運動
This has then turned into a 79-days long widespread occupy movement in streets of Admiralty, Causeway Bay and Mongkok
期間警察使用催淚彈和胡椒噴霧來驅散我們,我們即用雨傘作盾
During this time, police has used tear gas and pepper spray to try to get rid of us and we used umbrellas as shield
解釋了為什麼這叫雨傘運動或雨傘革命
That’s why this is called the Umbrella Movement or Umbrella Revolution
我個人不喜歡稱之為革命,因為革命通常與激進的改變有關
Personally I don’t like to call it a revolution, because revolution is often associated with some sort of radical change
但對於我們來說,79天佔領街頭後,仍毫無成果
But for us, after 79-days of occupying the streets, nothing has changed.
到今天為止,一切維持原狀──沒有行政長官普選
So to this day, the status quo remains – there is no universal suffrage for our Chief Executive election
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但是為何我們這麼想要普選?
But why do we want universal suffrage so much?
你要明白,我們的制度一直都有缺陷
Well you have to understand that our governmental system has always been institutionally flawed
一般當我們提到三權分立時,有行政、立法和司法三個機關
Usually when we talk about the Separation of Powers, we have the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary
這三個機關本應互相制衡,沒有人能夠掌控一切的權力
They are meant to act as checks and balances of each other so no one gets too much power
因為正如英國的阿克頓男爵所言:
…because as Lord Acton famously said,
「權力導致腐敗,絕對權力導致絕對腐敗。」
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
我們不但行政長官是經由1200人的小圈子挑選 當中大部份為親中人士
Not only is our leader of the executive selected by a small-group of 1,200 voters – the majority of whom are pro-Beijing
我們連立法會也不能全部直選
We also don’t get to vote entirely for our Legislative Council
事實上,我們只能直選立法會的一半議員
In fact, only half of our legislators get directly elected by us
另外一半是由所謂的功能組別選出
The other half are elected through the so-called Functional Constituencies
香港一共有28個功能組別
There are 28 different functional constituencies, representing different seats in our Legislative council
原意是為了讓香港不同的界別和工種都能對政府政策有話語權
Originally this meant to provide different professions across Hong Kong to have a say in government politics
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但這個制度本質上存在缺陷
But there’s a huge problem – this system is fundamentally flawed
最為人爭議的是,這制度容許公司和專業團體登記為選民
Most controversially, it allows companies and professional bodies to register as voters
製造了一個漏洞讓大公司同時間可持有多張選票
So this creates a loophole where big business can hold multiple votes at the same time
以飲食業為例,大公司可以登記每間分店為一個選民
Consider the catering constituency, big restaurant companies can register each of their outlets as voters
像大家樂這種大型的連鎖餐廳
So big food chain like Café De Carol
不,這不是一間法國菜餐廳,這是港式快餐店
Nope, it is not a French restaurant – it’s a fast food Chinese restaurant
這些大公司可以登記上一百張選票
Something like that can register up to a hundred votes if they like
另外,不同功能組別之間也有很大差異
Also there is a huge discrepancy between different functional constituencies
例如,在衛生服務界,有37,000個登記選民,但在保險界卻只有130個
For example, in the Health Services sector, there are 37,000 registered voters, whereas in Insurance, there are only 130 registered voters
這個差異根本不合邏輯 為甚麼有些行業會得到更廣泛的代表?
There is really no logical explanation for it – why are some industry represented more fairly while others are not
事實上,近半功能組別都是自動當選的,大部份的席位都由建制派瓜分
In fact, almost half of the functional constituencies are uncontested and most of the seats are dominated by the pro-establishment camp.
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這有甚麼實際意義?
But what is the actual significance?
當立法會議員自行提出草案和議案時,我們有所謂的分組點票
You see, when individual legislators propose bills and motions, we have a split-voting system
意思是,在草案通過之前,
…meaning that to be able to pass the bill
需要得到地區直選和功能組別兩方面均過半數支持
It requires a majority vote in both the geographical constituency – those directly elected by us – and the functional constituency
所以就算一個草案得到總共過半數的支持
So we can have a bill that is supported by the majority of the legislators
但仍會因為在功能組別方面未過半數而流產
But fails nonetheless because it did not pass the functional constituency
理論上,只要控制了功能組別的半數就可以否決任何議員草案或議案
So in effect, you only need half of the votes within the Functional Constituency to reject all bills and motions put forward by individual legislators.
但政府提出的卻不一樣,
But the same does not apply to government bills
只需要取得過半數的支持就可以了
For government bills, you only need to get a majority from all the legislators as a whole
所以有時候會有一些政府議案原本被大部分直選議員反對
So sometimes we have bills that are opposed by the majority of those legislators directly elected by us
但基於功能界別大部份贊成而通過
…but nonetheless get through because of the functional constituency
這個制度的問題在於政府和大商家會有勾結的誘因
The major problem of this is that it creates an incentive for the Government and big business players to side with each other
一方面,有功能組別的支持,政府可以否決所有由議員提出的議案
On one hand with the help of functional constituency, the Government has an effective veto over all motions in the Legislative council
另一方面,商界自己也可以否決不符合他們商業利益的議案,如最低工資和標準工時
…while on the other hand businesses can reject motions that are contrary to their interests such as minimum wage and standard working hours
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因此,行政機關在立法方面有很大的控制權
Because of this, the executive has a lot of control over our Legislative Council
他們很多時候也會做很多與市民意願相反的決定
And they often make decisions that are contrary to public opinions
由於選舉制度上的缺陷,我們也不能有效地向行政機關問責
And because of the fundamental flaws in our electoral systems, there is no way we could hold our executive accountable in any shape or form
你也必須明白 香港政府和和中國政府之間的關係
Conceptually you also have to understand the relationship between our executive and the Chinese government
你也許會認為,在一國兩制原則下,香港政府和中國政府是分開的
It’s easy to say, well the Hong Kong government is separate from the Chinese government because of the principle of one country two systems
我們可以實行自己的政策,這不是中國政府的問題,而是香港政府本身的問題
And we can implement our own policies so it’s not the fault of the Chinese government but of our own government
也許是吧,但我們的選舉制度確保香港行政長官是忠於北京的
That is partly true, but remember we have a system as such where our Chief Executive is guaranteed to be pro-Beijing
因此香港政府和中國政府密不可分
That’s why it has an incentive to side with the Chinese government
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以現任行政長官梁振英為例 他自上任以來都在替北京擦鞋
For example, our current Chief Executive, CY Leung, he has been keen to please Beijing wherever possible
他重視中國的利益多於香港的利益
There are lots of policies where he appeared to have put Mainland’s interest above Hong Kong’s interest
如2012年,政府打算推行強制國民教育
For example, in 2012, the government tried to introduce mandatory National Education classes
想加強學生的國家認同感
…so that students can strengthen their national identity about China
但這被大眾反對,因為很多人都擔心這是偏向共產黨的洗腦教育
This was met with huge public protests as many fear that it would simply be a brainwashing curriculum biased towards the Chinese Communist Party
其他情況還包括否決香港電視的牌照申請,梁振英的5,000萬元賄款醜聞等等
There are also other instances such as the rejection of HKTV, CY Leung’s $50 million corrupt scandal – etc
我們極不滿意現在的政府
Basically, we are extremely unsatisfied with our current Government
制度本身容許我們的政府恣意妄為
The system itself allows for our government to potentially be arbitrary and self-serving
而我們沒有有效的方法向政府問責
And there’s no way we could hold our government accountable in any shape or forms
這就是我們想要普選的原因:我們想選擇自己的領袖
That’s why we want universal suffrage so much – so that we can choose our own leader
當然,這不會在一夕間解決所有問題,但會是一個通往更民主和平的制度的開端。
Yes it won’t solve everything but it will be a start to a more democratic and fair system
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雨傘運動是前所未有的
The Umbrella Movement was a first of its kind
雨傘運動一開始十分和平
It started off extremely peacefully
強調非暴力、理性、愛與和平等等
With an emphasis on being non-violent, rational, love and peace and all that
但隨着時間經過,梁振英政府拒絕回應
But as it went on, the CY Leung’s government managed to remain unresponsive
過了兩個月,人們都不知道要怎麼辦
Two months into occupying the streets, people simply didn’t know what to do
而示威者和警察之間的關係則每況愈下
And the relationship between the protesters and the police got worse by days
有警察使用暴力對待示威者
There was alleged police violence
其中有七個警察將一個示威者拖到暗角施暴
Seven police officers took a protester to a dark corner and beat him up
無可避免地,雨傘運動最終演變成示威者和警察之間暴力的衝突──市民被打、被捕
Inevitably the movement turned into something more violent with protesters clashing with the police – people were beaten up and arrested.
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自雨傘運動以來,社會處於嚴重撕裂的狀態
Since the Umbrella Movement, the society has been hugely divided
市民對警察的信任度跌至新低
Police confidence has gone to an all-time low
一方面,我們發現和平的示威遊行再沒有用
On one hand, we realize peaceful protest no longer does a damn thing,
另一方面,人們正在尋找抗衡警力的方法──亦即採取更激進的行動
…while on the other hand, people are finding ways to counter police force – essentially resorting to more radical actions
這也引致部份市民在意識形態上與傳統泛民主派分道揚鑣
It also led to an ideological separation within the pro-democracy camp
香港的傳統泛民主派視建設民主中國為己任
Traditionally pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong felt it was their duty to build a democratic China
他們其實比任何人都更愛中國
If anything they are more patriotic to China than anyone
他們是對六四天安門事件最大感觸的人
They are the people who felt most strongly about stuff like Tiananmen Square
但在過去20年,香港民主沒有寸進,也看不到中國民主化的希望
But for the last 20 years, democracy has not been advanced for Hong Kong nor does it look likely for China
所以有人開始說
That’s why new advocates are saying,
建設民主中國是不切實際的
Well there’s no real possibility of so-called building a democratic China
我們要先自救
We need to start rescuing ourselves first
因此本土和香港獨立的概念開始萌芽,因為人們對一國兩制開始失去信心
So, there emerges the idea of localism and Hong Kong independence because people are simply losing faith in the so-called One Country Two Systems.
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這些社會不穩和躁動最終導致今年初在旺角發生的事件
All this social unrest has led to what happened earlier this year in Mongkok
那是農曆正月初一
It was the first day into Chinese Lunar New Year;
街上有小販在賣熟食
There were some street hawkers selling street food
這些小販雖是無牌經營,但他們一向都在農曆新年頭幾天擺賣,賺幾個快錢
They are unlicensed but that’s what they have always done in the first few days of Chinese New Year, just trying to make a few extra bucks
這就像香港的小傳統
It’s like a little local tradition in Hong Kong.
但今年警察突然執法,引發示威者與警察之間的衝突
But somehow this time the police decided to confront them – which has led to protesters confronting the police
突然間,小販擺賣演變成騷動,或暴亂,視乎你怎麼看
Suddenly it has turned into a huge unrest, or riot, depending which side you are on
街上有雜物起火,市民撿起磚和樽扔向警察
There were fire on the street, people picking up bricks and bottles throwing at the police
警察向天開了兩槍以鎮壓人群
Two shots were fired in the air for crowd control
這是香港二十年來都未見過的暴力
It was violence on a scale that has never been seen in Hong Kong for the last 20 years
的確 暴力的程度與本身的小販問題根本完全不相稱
In no way was the violence proportional to the whole street food and street hawker issue
但你必須明白背後的原因
But you have to be able to understand it in the light of the whole circumstances
那種自雨傘運動以來積累的憤怒和不滿
The sort of anger that has been accumulated since the Umbrella Movement
社會民怨達臨界點
Social unrest is now at its highest point
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雨傘運動後,各種事情由壞變更壞,北京加重了對香港的控制
Things have gotten from bad to worse for Hong Kong since the Umbrella Movement. Beijing has tighten up control of Hong Kong
我們曾經享有的自由受到嚴峻挑戰
Our once enjoyed freedom has been put to some serious doubt
去年,五個在香港出售中國敏感話題的書籍的書商消失了
Five Hong Kong booksellers who sell sensitive stuff about the Chinese Communist Party went missing last year
他們沒有任何出境記錄,憑空消失了
There were no record of them going out of Hong Kong, and they just disappeared
有好一段時間,沒有人知道他們到哪裡去了,然後……
For a while no-one really knows where they went, and then…
好像魔法一樣,他們出現在中國的電視台,承認他們所謂的罪行
Like magic, there they are in Mainland China appearing on TV, confessing their guilt
其他事情還包括廉政公署(香港引以為傲的反貪污機構)大地震
Other stuff such as the ICAC, an anti-corruption body that we have always been proud of, has also been involved in some major shake-ups
更近期的有立法會選舉有六位候選人被取消資格
More recently, six candidates have been disqualified from running the Legislative Council election
他們被取消資格的原因是因為他們提倡香港獨立
They have been disqualified because they advocate for Hong Kong Independence
沒有法例授權行政機關以政治原因篩選候選人
There is nothing in the law that allows the administrative to screen out candidates running for the legislative council for political reason
這根本違反言論自由
That’s just simply grossly against freedom of speech
-\-\-
還記得四年前,港獨根本無人提及
And remember, four years ago, Hong Kong independence was not even an idea to start with
現在卻成長為一個熱議的社會話題,越來越多人支持香港獨立
Now it has turned into a whole serious social movement – more and more people are turning to Hong Kong independence
背後的原因?
And the reason behind that?
不久之前有一個網上比賽,讓人用六個字寫悲慘故事。有人寫:
A while back there was a post asking people to write sad stories in six words, and someone wrote this:
「一國,兩制,笑話。」
“One Country, Two Systems, Just kidding.”
這就是香港的現況
And that pretty much sums it up for Hong Kong.
主權移交時,曾經有人承諾我們會有
When Hong Kong got handed back over to China, we were guaranteed of all these things:
言論自由、新聞自由和法治
...the freedom of speech, the freedom of press and the rule of law
但這些都一直被破壞
But these things have been undermined hugely
北京的訊息很清晰:
The message from China is clear:
你想要高度自治嗎?
You want your high degree of autonomy and you want to feel special right?
可是你只能在我容許的限度裡享有自由
But you are only as free as we allow you to be
這些自由是我給你們的,我現在要取回你也不能作聲
We gave you that stuff so shut up if we want to take them back. Period.
但事實上中國沒有給予我們自由
But the truth is China didn’t give us freedom of speech\\
我們的人權都不是中國給予的
You didn’t give us any of our fundamental rights. Period.
-\-\-
我的理解?
The way I understand it?
香港獨立是被動而不是主動的
Well Hong Kong independence is reactive rather than proactive
這是對中國收緊香港的控制所走的一步
It’s a response to the Chinese government for increasingly tightening up control of Hong Kong
我們已經對一國兩制完全失去信心
We’ve completely lost faith in One Country Two systems
所以我們要求更多自主
As a counteractive response we are demanding for more autonomy
我們想要把握自己的命運
We want to be able to grasp hold of our own fate
所以這就是香港的現狀
So this is where things are right now in Hong Kong
這是一個死結
It’s in a complete deadlock
我們只能二擇其一:接受一國一制或更激進地抗爭
We either accept for one country one system or we have to fight in a more radical manner
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星期日是下屆立法會的選舉投票日,是雨傘運動以來的第一次選舉
On Sunday, it will be our next Legislative Council election – the first since the Umbrella Movement
天知道會發生甚麼事
God knows what’s going to happen
我希望你能去投票,好好考慮要投給誰
But I do urge you to vote, and to think about your vote
Because in a perfect world
你試想,在完美的世界裡
當立法會可以處理大多數事情的話,市民便不需要走上街頭暴力抗爭
…if things can get done in the Legislative Council, then people wouldn’t need to take to the street and to resort to any kind of violence
我們極需立法會抗衡行政機關的權力,而你的一票有莫大的幫助
We desperately need a balance of power right now – and your vote can contribute to that
我們需要議會內有更大的聲音──我們需要更多人去尋找不同的可能
We need more voice in our Legislative council – we need people to look for different possibility
呼。就是這樣。
Phew, so that’s it.
無論你來自香港或香港以外的地方
Whether you are from Hong Kong, or from outside of Hong Kong,
這段和上一段影片都對我以及很多香港人來說很重要。
This video and the last video is important to me, and to a lot of people in Hong Kong
霎時之間這可能難以消化
This is probably a lot to take in if you’re new to this, but don’t just take my words for it
但請繼續留意新聞,和其他人一起討論,做更多的資料搜集,這些東西都可在網上找到
Keep reading the news; keep talking to people about it; go research about this, it’s all over the internet
最後,謝謝收看
And lastly, thanks for watching.
天祐香港
tighten相反 在 Auman Facebook 的最讚貼文
Hong Kong Independence?
…all you need to know about recent Hong Kong in 15 minutes
▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
↓↓Transcript (as requested)↓↓
我們之前提及香港與中國有截然不同的制度
So previously we talked about Hong Kong and China having vastly a different system
香港是一個仿民主社會,而中國即由中國共產黨統治
Hong Kong is a quasi-democratic society while China is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party
所以我們不希望人們混淆兩者
…so we don’t want people to get confused between the two
但故事還未講完
But the story doesn’t end here
明年是2017年,香港主權移交給中國的20週年
Next year 2017, it would be 20 years since Hong Kong’s turnover to China
你大概會以為這段時間香港和中國會越走越近
You would’ve thought that during this time, Hong Kong and China would’ve grown closer to one another
但事實卻非如此
But it has not been so.
香港人和中國人反而變得越來越有隔膜
If anything, we’ve grown to be more and more apart.
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沒錯 在過去20年
Yes it is true that during the last two decades
中國從一個發展中國家 發展成現時最大經濟體系之一
China has gone from being a developing country to what is now one of the largest, if not the largest economy in the world
人民收入增加 生活質素提升 有些中國人也躋身全球富豪榜
…which means rising income for Chinese citizens, better quality of life and China has some of the richest people in the world
香港人應該為中國人身份感到自豪吧
If anything, Hong Kong people should be a proud China man!
我還記得2008北京奧運 那個開幕典禮實在是精妙絕倫
I still remember seeing the Beijing Olympics in 2008; that opening ceremony was outrageously amazing
花了很多心機 很好看
…it was beautifully done and such a joy to watch
那是香港人少有地為國家感到自豪的一刻
It was one of those rare moments where Hong Kong people share the same sense of pride as the rest of China
不過 現實歸現實
But the Olympics is one thing, and reality is another
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事實上,自主權移交以來,香港和中國一直有許多矛盾和衝突
The truth is there have been a lot of conflicts between Hong Kong and China since the handover
香港向中國打開了大門,每天都有大量中國遊客到訪
Hong Kong has largely opened up to China where we get a huge number of Chinese tourists every day
旅客本身不應該是個問題,但我們目睹過不少中國旅客的不文明行為
並不是問題。重點在於中國遊客所製造出來的問題。
While tourism shouldn’t be a problem in itself, we have witnessed a lot of issues with these Chinese tourists
例如不懂得在迪士尼樂園排隊 和隨地小便
There had been reports of uncivilized behavior such as not knowing how to queue in Disneyland and… pissing on the street.
我必須強調 不是所有中國遊客都會這樣做 只有一部份會這樣做
And I can’t emphasize enough, not every Chinese tourists do it, it’s just some that does it
但由於香港每天都有大量的中國遊客 這成為了一個逼切的問題
…but because Hong Kong gets so many of them, that becomes a daily problem for people living in Hong Kong.
除此之外,我們可以看到名牌店和藥房的數量激增,以滿足中國遊客的需求
And it’s not just that, we see the rise in luxury shops and pharmacies in Hong Kong to tailor the need of Chinese tourists
如果你去上水(很接近中國邊境的地方)的街頭
If you go to a street in Sheung Shui, which is a place very close to the mainland border
我以前常常去的──你會看見到處都是藥房
I used to go there a lot - you see streets full of pharmacies
其實我完全不明白為何這些店舖會叫做藥房
…and I don’t even know why they are called pharmacies
因為他們主要不是售賣藥物,而是奶粉和尿片
…because mainly they don’t sell medicine, they sell baby milk formula and diapers.
事實上 大陸人不相信中國製的貨品
The thing is, mainland Chinese don’t trust their own stuff
因為在中國任何東西都有可能是假的 那裡沒有質量管制或食物安全
…because you can get fake everything in China; there’s no quality control or food safety
所以很多中國人都會來香港買日用品 如奶粉
So many Chinese come to Hong Kong to buy daily stuff and one product that has always been in high demand is baby milk formulas
香港部份地區甚至出現奶粉短缺的問題
It has got to a point where the supply became so tight that there is a shortage of milk formulas in some areas of Hong Kong
如果你住在歐洲或美國,這情況可能難以置信
If you are living in the Europe or the US, this might sound really hard to believe
嬰兒配方奶粉和尿片!但這是真的,這切切實實在香港發生
Milk formula and diapers, but it’s true, it is what’s happening in Hong Kong.
還有其他問題,例如中國孕婦來港產子等
I can go on about other stuff as well such as the number of Mainland pregnant women who come to Hong Kong
事實上,在2010年,37%新生嬰兒的父母均不是香港永久居民
In fact, in 2010, as much as 37% of all babies born in Hong Kong have neither parents being a permanent Hong Kong resident
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基於這些中港矛盾的問題 香港出現越來越嚴重的反中情緒
Basically because of all these things, this has led to an increasingly serious anti-Chinese hype in Hong Kong
很多香港人都不歡迎中國人 只想他們離開
Many local people are furious and just want them to go away
但對我來說 問題永遠出於制度
But to me, the real problem always lies in the system
我不想將整件事歸疚於中國人身上
Conceptually, I hate to put my frustration upon the Chinese people
因為要來港購物以保障自身安全並不是他們的錯
Because it’s not their fault that they have to buy things from Hong Kong to ensure that they are safe
但制度上出了甚麼問題?
But what about the system?
關於這個制度我簡述如下
There’s a lot I can say about this system, but for now I will just simplify it as follows
在制度頂端有中國共產黨,之後有香港政府和立法會中的建制派
At the top of the system we have the Chinese Communist Party, then we have the Hong Kong government and the pro-establishment camp in our Legislative council
簡單來說,這個制度一直想將香港變成中國的一個普通城市
In short, this system has been trying to turn Hong Kong into just another city of China
並且破壞一國兩制的原則
…and damaging the core principle of “One Country, Two Systems”
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很長時間以來,香港人一直在爭取民主
For a long time, Hong Kong people have been advocating for full democracy
即是普選,可以提名和投票給我們自己的領袖(行政長官)
That means universal suffrage with the right to nominate and elect our own leader, which in Hong Kong is called the Chief Executive
根據基本法,我們有普選的權利
According to the Basic Law, we have a legal right to universal suffrage.
在過去20年,中國政府曾多次承諾香港人會有普選
In the past 20 years, the Chinese government has assured Hong Kong several times that we are going to get universal suffrage
但他們一直拖延實施普選的日期
But they have been pushing back the date for it
又推托說香港人未準備好,所以2007年和2012年都沒有普選。
…and kept saying Hong Kong wasn’t ready, so we didn’t get it in 2007 and 2012
但北京承諾香港2017年可普選特首
But the Chinese has set a timeline for it, and they said Hong Kong would eventually get universal suffrage by 2017
結果,2014年8月31日,北京說
And guess what, on 31st August 2014, the Chinese said
好,你可以有你想要的普選,但我們需要增加幾個條件
Alright you are going to get your universal suffrage, but we are going to have to impose some conditions
首先,行政長官必需愛國
First the Chief Executive must be someone who is patriotic to China
第二,候選人需要先得到現有的行政長官選舉委員會的提名 (絕大部分都是親中代表)
Secondly candidates are going to be nominated by the current Election Committee, which consists (mostly) of 1200 pro-Beijing representatives
最後,無論誰勝出選舉,都要得到中國政府委任才可成為行政長官
Lastly, whoever wins the popular election must be appointed by the Chinese government
所以他們就是說,好,你們可以普選,但我們保留剔除任何人的權利
So basically they are saying, alright you can get your vote but we reserve the right to screen out anyone that we dislike
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北京公布831決定後,香港人當然很憤怒
After this was announced by the Chinese officials, we were bloody furious
所以我們展開了一連串抗議行動,要求真普選
So we began a series of protests demanding for “true universal suffrage”
我們一直以來都覺得普選就是
For years we have always thought universal suffrage means just that
一個民主及公開的選舉
The right to vote in a democratic and open election
但是中共卻憑空製造了完全相反的東西
But the CCP managed to create something that is completely contrary to that
結果,大學生開始罷課
As a result, university students like myself began boycotting classes
並參與在金鐘香港政府總部外舉行的集會
…and attended gathering outside the Hong Kong government headquarters in Admiralty to protest
這演變成持續79天的佔領金鐘、銅鑼灣和旺角的運動
This has then turned into a 79-days long widespread occupy movement in streets of Admiralty, Causeway Bay and Mongkok
期間警察使用催淚彈和胡椒噴霧來驅散我們,我們即用雨傘作盾
During this time, police has used tear gas and pepper spray to try to get rid of us and we used umbrellas as shield
解釋了為什麼這叫雨傘運動或雨傘革命
That’s why this is called the Umbrella Movement or Umbrella Revolution
我個人不喜歡稱之為革命,因為革命通常與激進的改變有關
Personally I don’t like to call it a revolution, because revolution is often associated with some sort of radical change
但對於我們來說,79天佔領街頭後,仍毫無成果
But for us, after 79-days of occupying the streets, nothing has changed.
到今天為止,一切維持原狀──沒有行政長官普選
So to this day, the status quo remains – there is no universal suffrage for our Chief Executive election
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但是為何我們這麼想要普選?
But why do we want universal suffrage so much?
你要明白,我們的制度一直都有缺陷
Well you have to understand that our governmental system has always been institutionally flawed
一般當我們提到三權分立時,有行政、立法和司法三個機關
Usually when we talk about the Separation of Powers, we have the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary
這三個機關本應互相制衡,沒有人能夠掌控一切的權力
They are meant to act as checks and balances of each other so no one gets too much power
因為正如英國的阿克頓男爵所言:
…because as Lord Acton famously said,
「權力導致腐敗,絕對權力導致絕對腐敗。」
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
我們不但行政長官是經由1200人的小圈子挑選 當中大部份為親中人士
Not only is our leader of the executive selected by a small-group of 1,200 voters – the majority of whom are pro-Beijing
我們連立法會也不能全部直選
We also don’t get to vote entirely for our Legislative Council
事實上,我們只能直選立法會的一半議員
In fact, only half of our legislators get directly elected by us
另外一半是由所謂的功能組別選出
The other half are elected through the so-called Functional Constituencies
香港一共有28個功能組別
There are 28 different functional constituencies, representing different seats in our Legislative council
原意是為了讓香港不同的界別和工種都能對政府政策有話語權
Originally this meant to provide different professions across Hong Kong to have a say in government politics
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但這個制度本質上存在缺陷
But there’s a huge problem – this system is fundamentally flawed
最為人爭議的是,這制度容許公司和專業團體登記為選民
Most controversially, it allows companies and professional bodies to register as voters
製造了一個漏洞讓大公司同時間可持有多張選票
So this creates a loophole where big business can hold multiple votes at the same time
以飲食業為例,大公司可以登記每間分店為一個選民
Consider the catering constituency, big restaurant companies can register each of their outlets as voters
像大家樂這種大型的連鎖餐廳
So big food chain like Café De Carol
不,這不是一間法國菜餐廳,這是港式快餐店
Nope, it is not a French restaurant – it’s a fast food Chinese restaurant
這些大公司可以登記上一百張選票
Something like that can register up to a hundred votes if they like
另外,不同功能組別之間也有很大差異
Also there is a huge discrepancy between different functional constituencies
例如,在衛生服務界,有37,000個登記選民,但在保險界卻只有130個
For example, in the Health Services sector, there are 37,000 registered voters, whereas in Insurance, there are only 130 registered voters
這個差異根本不合邏輯 為甚麼有些行業會得到更廣泛的代表?
There is really no logical explanation for it – why are some industry represented more fairly while others are not
事實上,近半功能組別都是自動當選的,大部份的席位都由建制派瓜分
In fact, almost half of the functional constituencies are uncontested and most of the seats are dominated by the pro-establishment camp.
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這有甚麼實際意義?
But what is the actual significance?
當立法會議員自行提出草案和議案時,我們有所謂的分組點票
You see, when individual legislators propose bills and motions, we have a split-voting system
意思是,在草案通過之前,
…meaning that to be able to pass the bill
需要得到地區直選和功能組別兩方面均過半數支持
It requires a majority vote in both the geographical constituency – those directly elected by us – and the functional constituency
所以就算一個草案得到總共過半數的支持
So we can have a bill that is supported by the majority of the legislators
但仍會因為在功能組別方面未過半數而流產
But fails nonetheless because it did not pass the functional constituency
理論上,只要控制了功能組別的半數就可以否決任何議員草案或議案
So in effect, you only need half of the votes within the Functional Constituency to reject all bills and motions put forward by individual legislators.
但政府提出的卻不一樣,
But the same does not apply to government bills
只需要取得過半數的支持就可以了
For government bills, you only need to get a majority from all the legislators as a whole
所以有時候會有一些政府議案原本被大部分直選議員反對
So sometimes we have bills that are opposed by the majority of those legislators directly elected by us
但基於功能界別大部份贊成而通過
…but nonetheless get through because of the functional constituency
這個制度的問題在於政府和大商家會有勾結的誘因
The major problem of this is that it creates an incentive for the Government and big business players to side with each other
一方面,有功能組別的支持,政府可以否決所有由議員提出的議案
On one hand with the help of functional constituency, the Government has an effective veto over all motions in the Legislative council
另一方面,商界自己也可以否決不符合他們商業利益的議案,如最低工資和標準工時
…while on the other hand businesses can reject motions that are contrary to their interests such as minimum wage and standard working hours
---
因此,行政機關在立法方面有很大的控制權
Because of this, the executive has a lot of control over our Legislative Council
他們很多時候也會做很多與市民意願相反的決定
And they often make decisions that are contrary to public opinions
由於選舉制度上的缺陷,我們也不能有效地向行政機關問責
And because of the fundamental flaws in our electoral systems, there is no way we could hold our executive accountable in any shape or form
你也必須明白 香港政府和和中國政府之間的關係
Conceptually you also have to understand the relationship between our executive and the Chinese government
你也許會認為,在一國兩制原則下,香港政府和中國政府是分開的
It’s easy to say, well the Hong Kong government is separate from the Chinese government because of the principle of one country two systems
我們可以實行自己的政策,這不是中國政府的問題,而是香港政府本身的問題
And we can implement our own policies so it’s not the fault of the Chinese government but of our own government
也許是吧,但我們的選舉制度確保香港行政長官是忠於北京的
That is partly true, but remember we have a system as such where our Chief Executive is guaranteed to be pro-Beijing
因此香港政府和中國政府密不可分
That’s why it has an incentive to side with the Chinese government
---
以現任行政長官梁振英為例 他自上任以來都在替北京擦鞋
For example, our current Chief Executive, CY Leung, he has been keen to please Beijing wherever possible
他重視中國的利益多於香港的利益
There are lots of policies where he appeared to have put Mainland’s interest above Hong Kong’s interest
如2012年,政府打算推行強制國民教育
For example, in 2012, the government tried to introduce mandatory National Education classes
想加強學生的國家認同感
…so that students can strengthen their national identity about China
但這被大眾反對,因為很多人都擔心這是偏向共產黨的洗腦教育
This was met with huge public protests as many fear that it would simply be a brainwashing curriculum biased towards the Chinese Communist Party
其他情況還包括否決香港電視的牌照申請,梁振英的5,000萬元賄款醜聞等等
There are also other instances such as the rejection of HKTV, CY Leung’s $50 million corrupt scandal – etc
我們極不滿意現在的政府
Basically, we are extremely unsatisfied with our current Government
制度本身容許我們的政府恣意妄為
The system itself allows for our government to potentially be arbitrary and self-serving
而我們沒有有效的方法向政府問責
And there’s no way we could hold our government accountable in any shape or forms
這就是我們想要普選的原因:我們想選擇自己的領袖
That’s why we want universal suffrage so much – so that we can choose our own leader
當然,這不會在一夕間解決所有問題,但會是一個通往更民主和平的制度的開端。
Yes it won’t solve everything but it will be a start to a more democratic and fair system
---
雨傘運動是前所未有的
The Umbrella Movement was a first of its kind
雨傘運動一開始十分和平
It started off extremely peacefully
強調非暴力、理性、愛與和平等等
With an emphasis on being non-violent, rational, love and peace and all that
但隨着時間經過,梁振英政府拒絕回應
But as it went on, the CY Leung’s government managed to remain unresponsive
過了兩個月,人們都不知道要怎麼辦
Two months into occupying the streets, people simply didn’t know what to do
而示威者和警察之間的關係則每況愈下
And the relationship between the protesters and the police got worse by days
有警察使用暴力對待示威者
There was alleged police violence
其中有七個警察將一個示威者拖到暗角施暴
Seven police officers took a protester to a dark corner and beat him up
無可避免地,雨傘運動最終演變成示威者和警察之間暴力的衝突──市民被打、被捕
Inevitably the movement turned into something more violent with protesters clashing with the police – people were beaten up and arrested.
---
自雨傘運動以來,社會處於嚴重撕裂的狀態
Since the Umbrella Movement, the society has been hugely divided
市民對警察的信任度跌至新低
Police confidence has gone to an all-time low
一方面,我們發現和平的示威遊行再沒有用
On one hand, we realize peaceful protest no longer does a damn thing,
另一方面,人們正在尋找抗衡警力的方法──亦即採取更激進的行動
…while on the other hand, people are finding ways to counter police force – essentially resorting to more radical actions
這也引致部份市民在意識形態上與傳統泛民主派分道揚鑣
It also led to an ideological separation within the pro-democracy camp
香港的傳統泛民主派視建設民主中國為己任
Traditionally pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong felt it was their duty to build a democratic China
他們其實比任何人都更愛中國
If anything they are more patriotic to China than anyone
他們是對六四天安門事件最大感觸的人
They are the people who felt most strongly about stuff like Tiananmen Square
但在過去20年,香港民主沒有寸進,也看不到中國民主化的希望
But for the last 20 years, democracy has not been advanced for Hong Kong nor does it look likely for China
所以有人開始說
That’s why new advocates are saying,
建設民主中國是不切實際的
Well there’s no real possibility of so-called building a democratic China
我們要先自救
We need to start rescuing ourselves first
因此本土和香港獨立的概念開始萌芽,因為人們對一國兩制開始失去信心
So, there emerges the idea of localism and Hong Kong independence because people are simply losing faith in the so-called One Country Two Systems.
---
這些社會不穩和躁動最終導致今年初在旺角發生的事件
All this social unrest has led to what happened earlier this year in Mongkok
那是農曆正月初一
It was the first day into Chinese Lunar New Year;
街上有小販在賣熟食
There were some street hawkers selling street food
這些小販雖是無牌經營,但他們一向都在農曆新年頭幾天擺賣,賺幾個快錢
They are unlicensed but that’s what they have always done in the first few days of Chinese New Year, just trying to make a few extra bucks
這就像香港的小傳統
It’s like a little local tradition in Hong Kong.
但今年警察突然執法,引發示威者與警察之間的衝突
But somehow this time the police decided to confront them – which has led to protesters confronting the police
突然間,小販擺賣演變成騷動,或暴亂,視乎你怎麼看
Suddenly it has turned into a huge unrest, or riot, depending which side you are on
街上有雜物起火,市民撿起磚和樽扔向警察
There were fire on the street, people picking up bricks and bottles throwing at the police
警察向天開了兩槍以鎮壓人群
Two shots were fired in the air for crowd control
這是香港二十年來都未見過的暴力
It was violence on a scale that has never been seen in Hong Kong for the last 20 years
的確 暴力的程度與本身的小販問題根本完全不相稱
In no way was the violence proportional to the whole street food and street hawker issue
但你必須明白背後的原因
But you have to be able to understand it in the light of the whole circumstances
那種自雨傘運動以來積累的憤怒和不滿
The sort of anger that has been accumulated since the Umbrella Movement
社會民怨達臨界點
Social unrest is now at its highest point
---
雨傘運動後,各種事情由壞變更壞,北京加重了對香港的控制
Things have gotten from bad to worse for Hong Kong since the Umbrella Movement. Beijing has tighten up control of Hong Kong
我們曾經享有的自由受到嚴峻挑戰
Our once enjoyed freedom has been put to some serious doubt
去年,五個在香港出售中國敏感話題的書籍的書商消失了
Five Hong Kong booksellers who sell sensitive stuff about the Chinese Communist Party went missing last year
他們沒有任何出境記錄,憑空消失了
There were no record of them going out of Hong Kong, and they just disappeared
有好一段時間,沒有人知道他們到哪裡去了,然後……
For a while no-one really knows where they went, and then…
好像魔法一樣,他們出現在中國的電視台,承認他們所謂的罪行
Like magic, there they are in Mainland China appearing on TV, confessing their guilt
其他事情還包括廉政公署(香港引以為傲的反貪污機構)大地震
Other stuff such as the ICAC, an anti-corruption body that we have always been proud of, has also been involved in some major shake-ups
更近期的有立法會選舉有六位候選人被取消資格
More recently, six candidates have been disqualified from running the Legislative Council election
他們被取消資格的原因是因為他們提倡香港獨立
They have been disqualified because they advocate for Hong Kong Independence
沒有法例授權行政機關以政治原因篩選候選人
There is nothing in the law that allows the administrative to screen out candidates running for the legislative council for political reason
這根本違反言論自由
That’s just simply grossly against freedom of speech
---
還記得四年前,港獨根本無人提及
And remember, four years ago, Hong Kong independence was not even an idea to start with
現在卻成長為一個熱議的社會話題,越來越多人支持香港獨立
Now it has turned into a whole serious social movement – more and more people are turning to Hong Kong independence
背後的原因?
And the reason behind that?
不久之前有一個網上比賽,讓人用六個字寫悲慘故事。有人寫:
A while back there was a post asking people to write sad stories in six words, and someone wrote this:
「一國,兩制,笑話。」
“One Country, Two Systems, Just kidding.”
這就是香港的現況
And that pretty much sums it up for Hong Kong.
主權移交時,曾經有人承諾我們會有
When Hong Kong got handed back over to China, we were guaranteed of all these things:
言論自由、新聞自由和法治
...the freedom of speech, the freedom of press and the rule of law
但這些都一直被破壞
But these things have been undermined hugely
北京的訊息很清晰:
The message from China is clear:
你想要高度自治嗎?
You want your high degree of autonomy and you want to feel special right?
可是你只能在我容許的限度裡享有自由
But you are only as free as we allow you to be
這些自由是我給你們的,我現在要取回你也不能作聲
We gave you that stuff so shut up if we want to take them back. Period.
但事實上中國沒有給予我們自由
But the truth is China didn’t give us freedom of speech\
我們的人權都不是中國給予的
You didn’t give us any of our fundamental rights. Period.
---
我的理解?
The way I understand it?
香港獨立是被動而不是主動的
Well Hong Kong independence is reactive rather than proactive
這是對中國收緊香港的控制所走的一步
It’s a response to the Chinese government for increasingly tightening up control of Hong Kong
我們已經對一國兩制完全失去信心
We’ve completely lost faith in One Country Two systems
所以我們要求更多自主
As a counteractive response we are demanding for more autonomy
我們想要把握自己的命運
We want to be able to grasp hold of our own fate
所以這就是香港的現狀
So this is where things are right now in Hong Kong
這是一個死結
It’s in a complete deadlock
我們只能二擇其一:接受一國一制或更激進地抗爭
We either accept for one country one system or we have to fight in a more radical manner
---
星期日是下屆立法會的選舉投票日,是雨傘運動以來的第一次選舉
On Sunday, it will be our next Legislative Council election – the first since the Umbrella Movement
天知道會發生甚麼事
God knows what’s going to happen
我希望你能去投票,好好考慮要投給誰
But I do urge you to vote, and to think about your vote
Because in a perfect world
你試想,在完美的世界裡
當立法會可以處理大多數事情的話,市民便不需要走上街頭暴力抗爭
…if things can get done in the Legislative Council, then people wouldn’t need to take to the street and to resort to any kind of violence
我們極需立法會抗衡行政機關的權力,而你的一票有莫大的幫助
We desperately need a balance of power right now – and your vote can contribute to that
我們需要議會內有更大的聲音──我們需要更多人去尋找不同的可能
We need more voice in our Legislative council – we need people to look for different possibility
呼。就是這樣。
Phew, so that’s it.
無論你來自香港或香港以外的地方
Whether you are from Hong Kong, or from outside of Hong Kong,
這段和上一段影片都對我以及很多香港人來說很重要。
This video and the last video is important to me, and to a lot of people in Hong Kong
霎時之間這可能難以消化
This is probably a lot to take in if you’re new to this, but don’t just take my words for it
但請繼續留意新聞,和其他人一起討論,做更多的資料搜集,這些東西都可在網上找到
Keep reading the news; keep talking to people about it; go research about this, it’s all over the internet
最後,謝謝收看
And lastly, thanks for watching.
天祐香港
tighten相反 在 形容詞中的相反詞(2) 鬆loose > 緊tight 凹concave > 凸... 的推薦與評價
形容詞中的相反詞(2) 鬆loose > 緊tight 凹concave > 凸convex 光light > 暗dim 軟soft > 硬hard 乾dry > 濕wet Example: You socks are too loose, ... ... <看更多>
tighten相反 在 [心得] DiRT RALLY 小心得- 精華區Steam - 批踢踢實業坊 的推薦與評價
DiRT RALLY系列被有些板友說是賽車界的黑魂,
不能說錯,但更大原因我認為是沒有人帶或給予正確觀念。
小弟自認只是一般水準的 Sim racer,
一代遊玩的前3.40小時也是各種翻。
到現在月活動世排大約都在50~100左右,希望能給一般玩家一些幫助。
(以下本文)
對於新手來說:路書、走線、車輛控制、基本的車輛調校
1.路書
路書重要性不可言喻,就是給你賽道圖面去進行走線。
最重要的就是彎道曲率(1~6.SQ.HP.AC)及變曲率(Open漸寬、Tighten漸窄),
及兩個彎中間有無 Turn into,immediately 之類表示連續彎的字眼(圖示有→),
此時你應該能靠路書描繪出基本的平面地圖,在此先不講立體狀況。
副駕駛 Call 的時機:
一代玩家請依自身不會錯亂的條件往早調。
二代玩家直接調到最早。
越早取得賽道資訊,提前調整你的走線,就能降低失誤機率。
實際狀況類似在你腦海或螢幕上直接把接收到的圖形往地圖前擺,
接近玩俄羅斯方塊的概念。
2.走線
走線是依照你描繪的路書去走,畫出一條理想的路線,
一般依車輛去預想遇到各種曲率時通過的速度,依序進行減速→過彎→加速。
舉個例:
Flat.6-全油門
5-鬆油門後進灣
4-煞車並降至4檔通過
3-煞車並降至3檔通過
2-煞車並降至2檔通過
1.SQ.HP-煞車並降至1檔通過
如果你是自排玩家 就以煞車時間(距離)做判定,
相同意思,只是手排用檔位更容易當基準。
依照你開始跑之後,再依據執行結果做調整,
實際影響參數太多不贅述(車種.齒比.乾溼.抓地參數..等)
實際跑時可能狀況:
曲率4-還ok
曲率5-有點過快 下個5調整為輕煞後進彎
曲率2-還很有餘裕 下個2用3檔試試
如遇變曲率:
4 Open.Sharp
-可嘗試比你預設正常4的過彎方式通過
4 Tighten.Narrow
-走Late apex線,即不要太早切進彎頂因為這彎越來越彎,
如果不幸的你無法保持外側,請比正常4還要慢的速度通過。
Tighten Narrow請小心處理,一個彎就可以要你命。
內傾彎可嘗試比設定更高速度過彎,外傾則相反。
上坡彎可嘗試比設定更高速度過彎,下坡則相反。
跳坡請計算落下位置不要以起跳位置參照。
如遇副駕駛報Cut則可切一點截彎取直,Don't Cut請絕對不要切進去非路面處。
左右連續彎時應保留下一彎的進彎空間,不要前一彎出彎就把下一彎進彎空間用掉。
同向連續彎應把進彎點設在較小數字的彎道上,
不要左6→左2,左6過的超爽快左2一定死,路線一開始就要為後面的2去設定。
打太多變成想到啥打啥,車輛操控跟簡單調校就下次再講,如果有人要看的話。
想刷一張世界紀錄刷不到
月挑戰難得進第一頁
打打廣告,
小弟在跑AOR League Dirt Rally 2.0 Season1 目前是開幕戰
但名單都沒台灣人,只好不組隊參加
雖然AOR強度比較高還是徵看看第二季的隊友
有開HC傷害,稍微大撞就會買單,沒有什麼滾幾圈罰你4秒繼續跑這種事。
休閒玩家可以加入小弟創的TW_DIRTY CLUB,
請在官網綁定steam帳號後搜尋我的Club加入,跑輕鬆的。
以上都是二代,感謝。
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 59.102.196.185 (臺灣)
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Steam/M.1568738149.A.98F.html
※ 編輯: magicplmko (59.102.196.185 臺灣), 09/18/2019 00:36:40
找到合適速度通過,你只需在過彎速度過高預計會碰牆時使用手煞車救回,
在還不能穩定走線下先這麼做,重點是不失誤。
你上一篇左腳煞車的問題有機會我再分享。
來理解做了什麼Input變化,操作後面會再講述。
... <看更多>