The curvature is the norm of the second derivative of the curve; however, one uses not the usual derivative with respect to t, ... ... <看更多>

For the Menger Curvature, the formula is right there in the Wikipedia article :. ... <看更多>

Cartesian formulas for curvature, circumradius, and circumcenter for any three two-dimensional points. Hunter N. Ratliff. Abstract. ... <看更多>