「微解封」的英文怎麼說?
最近有蠻多同學寫信來詢問這個問題。
📌 首先,這是CDC對「微解封」的聲明:
網傳「三級警戒微解封的不可思議之處」指揮中心:原同住家人就不受限制,謠言邏輯誤導且比喻失當,請勿輕信轉傳,造成防疫困擾。
完整公告請參考:https://bit.ly/3wHPQHT
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好,回到主題。
首先,我們知道解除疫情封鎖的英文是「lift COVID-19 restrictions」。
📌 lift (v.) 解除 (封鎖⋯⋯)
「lift」這個字有許多意思,這裡作為動詞使用,意思是:
to end a rule or law 取消、撤銷規定或法律
• The restrictions on water usage have been lifted now that the river levels are normal.
河水的水位已經恢復正常,因此用水限制被取消了。
• At last they've lifted the ban on jeans at the club.
最終他們取消了在俱樂部禁止穿牛仔褲的規定。
詳見劍橋詞典:https://bit.ly/3yKMzIZ
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📌「lift」在新聞稿中,也常被用來敘述解除與疫情封鎖相關的法令與措施:
• Scotland is due to move to Covid level 0 on 19 July, with most legal restrictions lifted on 9 August.
蘇格蘭將於7月19日降至0級警戒,絕大多數的法律限制將於8月9日解除。
• The lifting of most Covid guidance and legal restrictions in England is expected on 19 July.
英格蘭絕大多數的新冠肺炎指示與法律限制預計將於 7 月 19 日解除。
——BBC
來源:https://bbc.in/36r8kS2
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• Is it wise to lift England’s Covid restrictions fully?
英國對新冠肺炎全面解封是否明智?
—— The Guardian
來源:https://bit.ly/3e6m6h6
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• Boris Johnson says England on track to lift Covid restrictions and rules on mask-wearing.
強森表示,英格蘭有望解除戴口罩的限制與規定。
• He said that regulations mandating face masks would be lifted and people would no longer be instructed to work from home.
他說,將解除強制戴口罩的規定,民眾亦無須在家工作。
——CNBC
來源:https://cnb.cx/3xANqf4
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• All across the country, mask mandates have eased, restrictions have lifted and most states have gone back to business as usual.
全國各地已放寬戴口罩的規定,限制已經解除,各州多已恢復正常營業。
• A state is considered fully reopened once it has lifted all specific restrictions on businesses statewide.
一旦該州解除對商業活動的所有特殊限制,就會被視為全面重啟。
——NY TIMES
來源:https://nyti.ms/3wyK9vq
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那為「微」解封到底該怎麼說?
在此一語境中,媒體常見的說法有下列幾種:
📌 1. loosen restrictions 放寬限制
loosen (v.) 鬆開,使…放鬆
• France and Belgium loosen Covid restrictions for summer.
法國與比利時放寬了夏季的新冠肺炎限制。
——BBC
來源:https://bbc.in/3hxEG3X
• Chile will loosen restrictions against the coronavirus for residents who are fully vaccinated.
智利將對已完成疫苗接種的居民放寬新冠肺炎的限制。
——Bloomberg
來源:https://bloom.bg/3e8XqEL
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📌 2. ease rules/restrictions 放寬規定/限制
ease (v.) 減輕;減低;緩解
• Belgium is also easing its rules to allow indoor dining at cafes and restaurants.
比利時還放寬規定,允許於咖啡館與餐廳內用餐。
• While promoting the easing of restrictions on Tuesday, President Emmanuel Macron was slapped during a visit to a hotel school in the south east of France.
週二,在推動鬆綁限制的同時,法國總統馬克宏在參訪法國東南部的一所飯店學院時挨了一巴掌。
——BBC
來源:https://bbc.in/3hxEG3X
• U.S. Retail Sales Forecast Rises Sharply as Covid-19 Restrictions Ease
隨著新冠肺炎限制的鬆綁,美國銷售預估驟升。
——WSJ
來源:https://on.wsj.com/3k4kJDB
• As restrictions ease, glimpses of a pre-pandemic world have begun to reappear.
隨著限制的鬆綁,世界在疫情前的些許景象開始重現。
—— The Economist
來源:https://econ.st/3hz5ZuS
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📌 3. partially lift restrictions 部分解除限制
• Taiwan’s CECC considers partially lifting Level 3 restrictions from July 12.
臺灣的中央流行疫情指揮中心考慮自7月12日起部分解除3級警戒。
——Taiwan News
來源:https://bit.ly/36ybljm
• While many cultural attractions in France were reopening on Wednesday as coronavirus restrictions were partially lifted.
儘管只解除了部分新冠病毒的限制,法國的許多人文景點已於週三重新開放。
——NY Times
來源:https://nyti.ms/3hR6cIE
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📌 若要講得更細的話,可用以表達欲終止特定措施與法令:
• Other changes include an end to rules on working from home, although employers will have to agree the number of days staff come into the office in advance.
其他改變包括終止在家工作的規定,但雇主須提前同意員工待在辦公室的天數。
——BBC
來源:https://bbc.in/3hxEG3X
要全面重啟的話也可以使用「fully reopen」:
• In the few states that have yet to fully reopen, governors have set targets for doing so based on vaccination rates or other health measures.
在少數幾個尚未全面重啟的州裡,州長們已根據疫苗接種率或其他健康評估,設定了全面重啟的指標。
——NY Times
來源:https://nyti.ms/3wyK9vq
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📌 然而,表達或翻譯一個複雜的概念,須先參考語境(context)與語域(register)。如此,在詮釋時才可能提供完整且精準的表達。
context與register 的定義: https://bit.ly/2SsdxTg
最後,與疫情相關的資訊可至CDC官網查證:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/
如果還有其他用英文表達「微解封」的方式,也歡迎到下方留言與我們分享~
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防疫相關的「時事英文」:https://bit.ly/2RWgfD3
英文學習「生態系」: https://bit.ly/2VvSfIE
圖片出處: Google Images
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
口罩level 3定義 在 文茜的世界周報 Sisy's World News Facebook 的最讚貼文
《The Guardian 英國衛報》
英國衛報在7日以「自身成功的受害者:為何台灣未能設法因應大規模新冠疫情爆發」A victim of its own success: how Taiwan failed to plan for a major Covid outbreak為題,評論報導點出儘管台灣先前有250天沒有發生任何本土案例。
但近期在台灣發生逾1.1萬例感染案例中,超過90%是在5月中以來染疫。台灣主要受三大因素,而在抗疫中失敗:
1)疫苗訂量不足、
2)錯估全球疫苗短缺形勢
3)和地緣政治影響。(指因中國大陸復星集團代理權爭議買不到輝瑞疫苗)
而且,因為疫苗不足,台灣全國接種疫苗的人口比率,不到3%。(指施打一劑)
●未能及時防範兇猛的英國病毒株
多位公共衛生專家表示,在病毒於全世界一波波擴散之際,台灣當局未跟上有
關新的變種病毒株的新知識、包括對抗空氣傳播必須通風的重要性。
*尤其大規模檢測的有效性。
一些人士認為,台灣已成為「自身成功的受害者」。
公衛專家、前副總統陳建仁表示,當局原先以為他們靠著接觸史追蹤系統和精確篩檢就已控制住疫情,但英國病毒株傳播速度更快,帶來挑戰,而且5月9日母親節又釀成超級散播事件。
●不願採取嚴格封鎖措施
衛報也指出,台灣當局顯然反對採取激烈的封鎖措施,而且屢次重新界定引發必須封鎖定義門檻。
振興醫院感染科主治醫師顏慕庸表示,從疫情大爆發以來,已有很大的改善,但他仍希望台灣能基於感染數和風險水準制定明確定對應的封鎖限制措施。
顏慕庸說,他仍擔心加護病房被增加的病患數壓垮,進而導致外溢至社區的風險,「這曾經發生在紐約市、義大利北部。你必須要停止傳播,就是要採用封鎖。一個必要、精心規劃的封鎖」。
●疫苗仍是當務之急
衛報指出,全球應對疫情的焦點仍是疫苗,但台灣在取得疫苗方面也面臨問題。
A victim of its own success: how Taiwan failed to plan for a major Covid outbreak
Once a poster child for blocking coronavirus, Taiwan failed to fully prepare a pandemic response or vaccination rollout
Coronavirus – latest updates
See all our coronavirus coverage
Helen Davidson in Taipei
@heldavidson
Mon 7 Jun 2021 09.19 EDT
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While most of the world suffered through hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths from Covid-19, the 23.5 million people in Taiwan largely lived a normal life, thanks to a well-documented strong and early response that saw it go 250 days without a single local case. It lobbied for inclusion in the World Health Organization’s decision-making body off the back of its undeniable success and expertise under the slogan “Taiwan can help”.
But now the tables have turned and the island itself is in need of assistance, after an outbreak that started among airline staff in April spread across the island. The government appears to have been caught short by something it thought would never happen: the poster child for outbreak prevention had apparently failed to fully prepare an outbreak response.
It has so far recorded more than 11,000 cases and 260 deaths, more than 90% of them since mid-May. Affected by inadequate orders, global shortages and geopolitics, it has vaccinated fewer than 3% of its 23.5 million people. The president, Tsai Ing-wen, on Monday gave a broadcast address from her office to assure a population at its second-highest alert level that 750,000 vaccine doses promised by the US would arrive soon.
‘We thought maybe we could contain this’
Multiple health and social experts told the Guardian that as the virus spread in waves worldwide, authorities hadn’t kept up with new scientific knowledge around virulent new strains, the importance of ventilation to combat aerosolised spread, the effectiveness of mass testing, or the examples set by some countries of locking down hard and early. Some felt Taiwan had become “a victim of its own success”, even complacent.
* 自身成功的受害者:台灣如何未能為大規模的 Covid 爆發做好計劃
台灣曾是阻斷冠狀病毒的典型代表,但未能為大流行應對或疫苗接種做好充分準備
冠狀病毒 - 最新更新查看我們所有的冠狀病毒報導海倫戴維森在台北
@heldavidson
2021 年 6 月 7 日星期一 09.19 EDT
雖然世界上大部分地區因 Covid-19 感染了數億例病例和數百萬人死亡,但台灣 2350 萬人在很大程度上過著正常的生活,這要歸功於有據可查的強有力的早期反應,該反應在 250 天內沒有發生一個本地案例。
憑藉其無可否認的成功和專業知識,它以“台灣可以提供幫助”為口號,遊說將其納入世界衛生組織的決策機構。
但是,在 4 月份航空公司工作人員爆發的疫情蔓延到全島之後,現在情況發生了轉變,該島本身需要幫助。政府似乎被它認為永遠不會發生的事情弄得措手不及:預防疫情的典型代表顯然未能充分準備好應對疫情。
迄今為止,它已記錄了 11,000 多例病例和 260 例死亡,其中 90% 以上是自 5 月中旬以來的記錄。
受政府疫苗採購不足、全球疫苗短缺和地緣政治的影響,它的 2350 萬人口中只有不到 3% 的人,接種了(一劑)疫苗。
週一,蔡英文總統在她的辦公室發表廣播講話,向處於第二高警戒級別的民眾保證,美國承諾的 75 萬劑疫苗很快就會到貨。
“我們想也許我們可以控制它”
多位公衛體系和社會專家告訴《衛報》,隨著病毒在全球掀起波瀾,當局沒有跟上關於新變種毒株的新科學知識。
*通風對抗霧化傳播的重要性、
*大規模檢測的有效性或示例。
一些國家早已地採取了嚴格的封鎖措施。但一些人認為台灣已成為“自身成功的受害者”,甚至自滿。
⋯⋯
在國內,黨派也攪渾了水,幾位專家告訴衛報,他們對公開批評廣受歡迎的政府和衛生當局(包括陳時中)必須持謹慎態度。
一位公衛專家說,他們覺得政府不願複製在中國看到的任何事情——比如野戰方艙醫院或封鎖——政治已經為判斷蒙上了陰影。
對於台灣以外的人或密切關注疫情的人來說,今天的台灣令人不安地懷舊,彷彿現在是2020年6月,而不是2021年。
全球防疫現在是關於疫苗。
但台灣也在這方面苦苦掙扎。 “我認為政府開始認真考慮 [疫苗] 太晚了,”全球臺灣醫學聯盟總幹事、前國家監察員委員Peter Chang 博士說。
“他們認為我們很擅長戴口罩,人們在保持社交距離方面非常自律,所以沒關係。”
許多早期在該病毒上取得成功的國家也一直在努力獲得和分發疫苗,但台灣面臨著額外的併發症,包括指責和中國地緣政治干預的實例。台灣聲稱中國阻止了與德國疫苗生產商 BioNTech 的交易,中國予以否認。
台灣防疫指揮中心CECC 告訴《衛報》,它正在盡最大努力控制疫情,但“公平獲得有效疫苗是結束全球 Covid-19 大流行的最終解決方案”。
日本已提供超過 120 萬劑疫苗,美國參議員周日飛往台北,宣布美國的捐贈,並強調美國兩黨對台灣的支持。
進入第 3 級警戒兩週多後,病例數並沒有顯著下降,週一警報再次延長,直到 6 月底。
陳時中部長認為 3 級已經足夠嚴格,並質疑政府實施更多措施的能力,但表示沒有足夠明確的信息,告訴一般人如何保護自己免受高比例的無症狀感染者和所謂的“隱形感染”者。
“你必須假設任何不與你同住的人都是潛在的攜帶者,”他說。 “在接下來的兩週左右的時間裡,不要與不和你住在一起的人在室內聚會。”
https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/07/a-victim-of-its-own-success-how-taiwan-failed-to-plan-for-a-major-covid-outbreak
口罩level 3定義 在 Ken's Portable Classroom Facebook 的最佳貼文
📰 Maskless Taiwanese will be 'persuaded' before being punished
🀄針對未戴口罩的台灣人,先勸說後罰款
TAIPEI (Taiwan News) — The Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC) announced Friday (May 21) that city and county governments agree that people not wearing masks in public should first be "persuaded" before being fined.
📌 台北(台灣新聞)—中央流行病控制中心(CECC) 週五宣布,市縣政府同意,在公共場所未戴口罩者,應先被“勸說”,然後再被罰款。
As the country continues to report triple-digit coronavirus cases on a daily basis, the CECC declared Wednesday (May 19) that Level 3 restrictions would go into effect the following day. One of the main regulations for this alert is, "All people must wear masks at all times when going out."
📌 隨著台灣繼續每天報告三位數的冠狀病毒病例,CECC於週三宣布,第三級限制將於第二天生效。此警報的主要規定之一是:“所有人外出時必須全程戴口罩。”
On Thursday, controversy erupted over whether people driving alone are required to wear a mask, according to Level 3 restrictions, with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) personnel stating that while the provisions do not clearly stipulate that people must wear a mask while driving, the definition of "going out" is the moment someone leaves their residence. They pointed out, however, that enforcement of regulations and penalties would vary with the local government.
📌 根據第3級限制,週四爆發了關於是否獨自駕駛的人,必需佩戴口罩的爭議,疾病控制中心 (CDC) 的工作人員指出,儘管相關規定並未明確規定人們在駕駛時必須戴口罩, “走出去”的定義是某人離開住所的那一刻。他們指出,但是,法規和處罰的執行會因地方政府而異。
CECC Spokesman Chuang Jen-hsiang (莊人祥) on Thursday evening said that the issue is up to the discretion of local governments. Given that different counties and cities have different interpretations of the mask rules, Chuang said a meeting on Friday would establish a consistent standard.
CECC發言人莊仁祥週四晚上說,這個問題取決於地方政府的判斷。鑑於不同的縣市對口罩規則的理解不同,莊說,週五舉行的會議將建立一致的標準。
At a Friday press conference, CECC deputy chief Chen Tsung-yen (陳宗彥) put official policy into reverse by proclaiming that if a motorist is driving alone, they are separated from others and therefore do not need to wear a mask. However, if two or more people occupy a vehicle, each occupant must wear one.
📌 在周五的新聞發布會上,CECC副局長陳宗彥宣布官方政策轉向,宣佈如果駕車者獨自駕駛,他們會與他人分開,因此不需要戴口罩。但是,如果兩個或兩個以上的人在車輛內,則每個乘員都必須佩戴一個。
Regarding the penalties for not wearing a mask, Chen said a standard fine of between NT$3,000 (US$100) and NT$15,000 for violating the Communicable Disease Control Act (傳染病防治法) had been agreed upon. However, Chen emphasized that those caught not wearing a mask in public should first be "persuaded" to wear their mask properly.
📌 關於不戴口罩的罰款,陳說,對於違反《傳染病防治法》的標準罰款為3,000新台幣至15,000新台幣。但是,陳強調,在公共場所未佩戴口罩的被捕者,應先“說服”他們正確佩戴口罩。
If a person fails to heed the directive to wear a mask, the fine will then be imposed, said Chen. In response to media reports of unruly passengers and pedestrians refusing to wear a mask, Chen said that a strategy of "rational persuasion" should be adopted and, "There is no need to become confrontational with the few people who shirk the rules."
📌 陳說,如果一個人不聽指令戴口罩,將處以罰款。對於媒體關於不守規矩的乘客和行人拒絕戴口罩的報導,陳說,應該採取“理性勸說”的策略,“沒有必要與少數違反規則的人對抗。”
When asked by a member of the media if people can eat in parks, Chen said that masks are now required at all times in parks. He suggested that if a person wants to have a meal, they should order it to go and can eat it at home or their office.
📌 當被媒體問到人們是否可以在公園裡吃飯時,陳說,現在公園裡一直都需要戴口罩。他建議,如果一個人想吃飯,就應該點餐帶回家中或辦公室裡用餐。
資料來源: https://reurl.cc/mqWA71