「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過37萬的網紅老王,也在其Youtube影片中提到,濟公親民又熱心助人,但為什麼他要吃肉又喝酒呢?其實內有玄機啊~就讓老王說給你聽! 上一則影片【當兵三個靈異事件】👉 https://youtu.be/FGoQ7PwOuGU - 老王說全系列靈異故事播放清單:https://lihi1.com/juEJe 房仲日記全系列播放清單:https://li...
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疫情爆發以來,藝術家能做的事不多,平常就閉關在家其實挺習慣,但是總想為社會做些事、幫上忙,想了半天安撫人心也許還行吧!於是另一本「地獄空」將趕在中元普渡八月初出版上市,由典藏出版社社長發心首肯出版,設計名家黃子欽操刀,附贈很多符咒給大家趨吉避凶。諸惡莫作,眾善奉行,疫情消退,平安喜樂。附上後記給大家解封後參訪這些宮廟,觀照自己的心所。全文如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鐘情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢「巨神連線」,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒…總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鸞堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山…)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開郎基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘糟屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截…等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄…兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼…等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石…小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭…等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮…等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤…等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍…等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據「十八泥犁經」記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
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【01/19 星期二 絕對音樂】
「很多時候我們忘了,用自以為是的觀點強壓在別人身上,
但人與人之間,如果能夠多一份溫柔,
你/妳會發現,原來真正的力量,是溫暖的包容。
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《一位癌症孩子教我們的人生課》
這是則真實故事。她叫林依嫻,自幼罹患骨肉癌的她,上幼兒園和四年級時,曾在右腳踝發現癌細胞並接受治療。雖僅擔任依嫻五年級導師的我,看著她六年級癌細胞第三次轉移到高危險的頭蓋骨,歷經數小時開刀切除;到了八年級,頑固的癌細胞再次侵蝕右小腿,三百六十度咬啃神經與骨頭;最後,家人與依嫻選擇民俗療法仍舊回天乏術。但在這個過程,依嫻卻教了我們寶貴的人生一課。以下是依嫻從五年級到人生最後階段的故事。
二○一六年八月底,依嫻剛做完最後一次化療,醫生說白血球指數太低、抵抗力較弱,為避免感染,還不適合集體上課,於是開啟了我與依嫻的一對一課程。認真求學的她總是能跟上原班級進度,有時上完課我們會閒聊,聽著她去年在台北榮總93兒童癌症病房的生活。「老師你知道嗎?那裡是不能說『再見』的地方喔,因為沒有人想再去那邊,大家都希望是在其他地方相見,所以如果有人要出院,都要偷偷摸摸的說『我要出去了』,然後拿著東西、頭也不能回的離開那。」
把生命經歷當作老天的禮物
一個月後,依嫻終於可以回到教室和大家一同上課,我為她舉辦了小而溫馨的歡迎會,那天剛好是她的生日,對她而言是雙重意義的日子。當依嫻和媽媽走進教室的那一刻,同學開心的準備拉炮、歡唱生日快樂歌,慶祝依嫻重返校園,貼心的依嫻轉身拿出卡片送給媽媽,卡片上寫著「媽媽,您辛苦了。謝謝您的照顧,我才能回到學校上課。」
之前因為身體不適,依嫻體育課多是坐在旁邊看同學上課,她也想和其他同學一起玩,所以非常期待我為她「量身訂做」體育課內容。「同學跑步你就走路,同學打球你就拍球,他們做體能你就數拍子,標準和同學都一樣,上完體育課一定要流汗,」我對她說。
依嫻雖然腳踝曾開刀不宜過度施重,但靜態的核心肌群訓練,她從不輕易放棄。連我都沒想到,回歸學校半年後,依嫻竟在全班同學的鼓勵與陪伴下,完成了體適能八百公尺跑走。想起她剛轉來時,連樓梯都得一格一格分開走才能爬上樓,但因為她的努力不懈,使得這些生命經歷都成為老天爺給的「禮物」。對我來說,依嫻的改變就是教育的力量,相信孩子,她會表現得比你想像中更好。
不僅如此,她還和同是罹癌的「學姊」共創了「嫻在家裡的甜鹹筆記」臉書平台,裡面記錄著罹癌的過程與心得,希望藉此鼓勵正和她一起努力對抗癌細胞的癌友們。創立此平台還有一個重要任務,就是希望能將在兒童病房時學會製作的手作藝品義賣,將所得善款拿去幫助更多需要被幫助的人。
病榻中想對弟弟說對不起
即使復發多次,依嫻面對生活考驗依舊保持樂觀,問她堅持下去的原因,依嫻深吸一口氣堅定的回應:「我不會放棄的,否則就太辜負爸媽、還有其他人對我的付出,所以我會努力。如果哪天真的走到盡頭了,希望下輩子爸爸媽媽不要再遇到像我這麼難搞的小孩了!爸媽真的辛苦了。有時我半夜吐了還要拿袋子給我,有時也還要幫我倒尿桶,晚上都不能好好休息。」
依嫻說:「有天,我在醫院看到一位跟我一樣生病的小小孩,需要長時間有家人在旁邊照顧,結果他的爸媽因為不想照顧他,竟然就跑掉不見了,護理師都找不到人,一個小小孩就躺在病床上哭。」
看到這一幕,依嫻表示很難過:「因為我想到在山上自己生活的弟弟。當大家都說在醫院的我好幸福,因為爸媽都會在我身邊陪我、照顧我,但我卻想到弟弟一個人在山上跟其他親人生活,爸媽都沒有時間陪他,如果我去醫院,弟弟就得去阿公家自己住。雖然弟弟不曾抱怨過,但我知道,弟弟,對不起,我把爸媽搶過來照顧我了。我要更努力義賣東西捐錢給其他人,我想要幫弟弟積功德,希望弟弟能平安,等我長大身體健康了,換我來照顧弟弟,就像爸爸媽媽照顧我一樣,因為我們都是一家人。」這段話依嫻從未對家人說出口,談到自己唯一的親弟弟,依嫻不捨的哽咽說出。
煒宸是依嫻的弟弟,在依嫻接受治療期間曾代表學校參加縣內的演說比賽,在前往比賽會場時煒宸問了我:「老師,我們現在在溪口(鄉),離虎尾很近嗎?」「很近啊!怎麼了?要去找他們嗎? 」懂事的煒宸馬上對我說:「不行不行,姊姊現在需要休養,我們不可以去吵她。我知道我們離很近就好,」煒宸說完後自己又安靜了下來。
輪到煒宸上台,很巧的,他抽中了一個與他生活貼近的題目,他大聲又有自信的說著:「各位評審大家好,我今天要演講的題目是『如何照顧自己?』」接著煒宸說:「我從小就是由阿公阿嬤帶大的,因為我有一個得癌症的姊姊,她一直生病一直生病、一直化療一直化療。我的爸爸媽媽都在照顧姊姊,所以,從小我就學習如何照顧自己。我知道我要把自己照顧好,才不會讓爸媽擔心。」
煒宸憑著真誠的演講內容,最終獲得第七名,正在照顧依嫻的爸媽看了比賽影片非常欣慰,也謝謝煒宸的貼心與懂事。
然而,依嫻的癌細胞持續不穩定,在進出醫院與傳統民俗療法間徘徊。最終在二○一九年十二月六日這天,在媽媽幫她更衣的瞬間,一個翻身就斷了呼吸,連搶救的時間都來不及。
把握時光做想做的事,用「隨時可能離世」的心態認真生活,人生才不會遺憾。
因為一切來得太突然,前一刻依嫻還在跟媽媽聊著未來,下一秒就天人永別。日夜在身旁照顧依嫻的媽媽毫無心理準備,始終相信孩子一定會康復。然而,一個翻身後就再也聽不到孩子叫爸媽的嬌嫩聲音。
依嫻媽媽表示,花了許多時間調整心情,直到現在依舊思念依嫻,但因著心中信仰,所以要更努力的為依嫻過日子,相信有一天一定會在理天(一貫道指的天堂)相見。
即使失去,也不要有遺憾
「已到安寧階段,若病人還能自我表達,就要把握最後還能說話的機會,甚至是交代遺言。而不是突然就消失在眼前,一顆遺憾的心永遠懸在那裡。我很想知道依嫻最後是否有想對我們說些什麼?是否還有她想完成但未完成的事?也因為這樣,不希望心中再有遺憾,所以現在我都告訴身邊的人,想做什麼就趕緊去做,什麼時候會離世都沒人知道,這不僅是生病的人需要即時,而是所有人都應隨時做最好準備,才不會遺憾終生,」依嫻媽語重心長說著。
的確如此,擁有的不一定存在,一直都在的不一定就是擁有,依嫻生命雖短暫,卻停留在最堅強孝順、最貼心溫暖、最懂事漂亮的那一刻,她已化為最亮的那道靈光,相信某天,我們會在某地再相見。
作者:王寶莉
(文章來源:https://www.parenting.com.tw/article/5088273?utm_source=Parenting.FB&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=cp-f1-media-%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C5088273-210118)
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正知正見一貫道 在 老王 Youtube 的最讚貼文
濟公親民又熱心助人,但為什麼他要吃肉又喝酒呢?其實內有玄機啊~就讓老王說給你聽!
上一則影片【當兵三個靈異事件】👉 https://youtu.be/FGoQ7PwOuGU
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注意:影片中的圖片、影片都僅供示意,並非真實情況或場地,若為真實場所會特別告知。
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【老王說】最陰的醫院?竟然有人做邪術...杏林醫院的兩則靈異故事
https://youtu.be/O7kObBV5ms8
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【老王說】猛鬼故事團!幽靈巴士是真的嗎?
https://youtu.be/0s5u_J8JmUk
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【老王說】古玉,真的很邪門嗎?
https://youtu.be/eEviPf6cyGc
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【老王說】為何不能半夜看電影?
https://youtu.be/CIaOfenhxnk
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【老王說】最陰邪術!養小鬼真的會出事嗎?
https://youtu.be/K2swvfUgH5E
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【老王說】KTV女服務生,見鬼事件完整實錄
https://youtu.be/ebmndDunvr4
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【老王說】三個真實靈異事件,其中兩個竟然發生在台灣?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6b0U8BoW30&t
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【老王說】八仙樂園靈異故事層出不窮?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NneVLsu-y7g
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【老王說】進旅館房門一定要敲門的原因是?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEpiSOraCXU
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【老王說】情侶看劇時原來不能做這些事情?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96g2s1hJ_gg
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【老王說】畢業旅行原來不能做這些事情?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2daVn8FecKU&t
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【老王說】我在當兵遇到的三個靈異事件!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0bjSUMVEIU
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【老王說】醫院夜班警衛的靈異故事(有醫院靈異影片)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTAJunKsnDY&t
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樂夫免版稅音樂:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC46Rzm8HkPJtQqgH8sSUhSg
正知正見一貫道 在 才能夠真正的『事半功倍』明白嗎,為師希望徒兒們的修道 的推薦與評價
修道要有正確觀念,要有正知正見,正念正行,最重要的,要珍惜自己的優點,不要再摧殘自己的信心,路,要去走,才能夠到達,坎坷的路,要靠自己去填 ... ... <看更多>
正知正見一貫道 在 保護道場- 光慧文教館's post 的推薦與評價
請大家一起保護前人、保護道場、保護自己,做個「正知正見、正信正念」的修道人!把握當下能修能辦的因緣,才是上天的好人才! ... <看更多>
正知正見一貫道 在 一貫道真相:02.審察信仰與魔考- 精華區Buddhism 的推薦與評價
一貫道真相:02.審察信仰與魔考
一貫道認為「修道」目標即是回歸宇宙與我人身心的根源─「明明上
帝」,也就是所謂的「(道)理」,它是宇宙本體,也是宇宙萬物創生起
源,而「修道」即所謂的「返本」─回歸「(道)理」,而「道」即是「
理」(只是名相不同),其乃宇宙本體,對於一貫道而言,一切萬物、現
象、宗教悉依「(道)理」而生。一貫道對於「(道)理」與「明明上帝
」的概念是抽象的,它是宇宙本體,但同時又具人格化的造物主、主宰者
型態。
一貫道所言之「道」有四種意涵:一者指領有「天命」的道統與道脈
金線(即一貫道道統與道脈心法傳承);二者指宇宙本體,亦即「(道)
理」;三者指「理天」(即一貫道認知的天堂─道親死後的去處);四者
指一貫道。一貫道認為此四者實是同體:究竟之宇宙本體為「理」,亦即
為「明明上帝」,而這個究竟的宇宙本體既是創生一切之本源(理),亦
是主宰一切的造物主、主宰者(明明上帝)─這個究竟的真理,就宇宙本
體角度曰「理」,就造物主、主宰者創生角度曰「明明上帝」。由於世人
造作罪業,上帝(明明上帝)於是降下災劫,但世人並非全是惡人,亦有
善人,為救渡有緣善人,於是自上古時代便降下一貫道,能求得一貫道道
統與道脈心法傳承的有緣善人(簡言之,即所謂的「求道」─就是加入一
貫道),壽終之後便能往生「理天」,永脫輪迴之苦,此為一貫道的救贖
思想,亦為一貫道理論系統的根本核心。
注意:本文所言的「道」,有時指領有「天命」的道統與道脈金線,
有時指宇宙本體(理),有時指「理天」,有時則指一貫道。
在一貫道的觀念中,認為「道」(指一貫道)與「教」(指一般宗教
)是不同的,一貫道認為「教」即為一般人信仰的佛、道、儒、耶、回五
教或其他宗教,「教」的作用是依於「道」(此處指宇宙本體,即「(道
)理」)而教化人心,因此「教」是「道」的作用(若以體、用關係來看
,一貫道認為「道」是「體」,「教」是「用」),而「教」的目的是「
勸善」與「行善」,功能在於匡正人心,莫使人作惡,但無法真正解脫(
回歸本源)。
一貫道相信並非所有人或所有宗教皆可解脫,只有領有「天命」(或
稱「法旨」)才能解脫。此處所言一貫道之「天命」指的是由上帝(明明
上帝)主宰、授予的使命(非指陰陽消長法則),亦指自上古由上帝降下
的「道」(指道統與道脈心法傳承),一貫道相信其是領有「天命」的,
而五教沒有領「天命」,故五教無法真正解脫,唯有一貫道才能真正解脫
,如一貫道扶鸞典藉《性理題釋》〈道與教的差別〉(按:《性理題釋》
係署名「活佛師尊」的扶鸞文章)所述:
「…『道』是性理的本體,就是無極真理,賦與人為性,故謂之性理
,亦即是良心,這個理性乃吾人之天根,性命的大源,生即由如是來,死
也應如是處去,正是生死必由的真經正路,乃萬古最神秘的『性理真傳』
口授心印的秘寶,若不受維皇上帝的天命,應運來傳此道者,不論任何仙
佛聖人都不敢妄傳亂洩這個性裡真傳的奧祕。…」
又云:
「…若是不得領受天命的明師來指授真傳,點開玄關妙竅,闡明真理
的奧秘者,任你什麼名儒碩學,亦無法可以發現其奧秘的,如此的微妙,
這樣的寶貴,這就是心法之道的真義了。…」
稍後,我們會談論這種「天命」、「五教合一」觀念與一貫道「修道
」思想的問題在哪裡,在此先談論道親不願意面對質疑一貫道理論正確性
的問題。
如上所述,一貫道認為其超越了一般宗教勸善的教化目標,而是「返
本」的根本之道。因此,唯有求得此「道」(前提是必須領有「天命」;
此處「道」指一貫道道統與道脈心法傳承),才能獲得真正的解脫(包含
從六道輪迴中解脫);若不求得此「道」或未領有「天命」,則無法獲得
真正的解脫,如一貫道扶鸞典藉《性理題釋》〈三曹普渡,如何渡法〉一
文所述:
「…蓋以過去修行之客,煉氣之士,而末遇上天開恩渡回,超入理天
者,以及忠臣孝子,烈女節婦,死後豈能湮沒,雖可升為氣天之仙,或為
鬼中之神,然如不得天道,仍是難脫輪迥之苦,不能返本還原。…」
此處鸞文中「天道」指的即是一貫道所認知的「道」─此處所指乃一
貫道道統與道脈心法傳承。由此可知,一貫道認為若不求得「道」─即所
謂「求道」(加入一貫道),是無法獲得解脫的,要真正脫離輪迴之苦,
唯有求得「道」,而欲求得「道」,則必須領有「天命」,而一貫道是領
有「天命」的。簡言之,一貫道認為「教」是有限的(包含其目標亦是有
限的),而一貫道的「道」能超越「教」的有限目標,「教」只能達到有
限的目標─教化人心,但無法解脫,一貫道認為唯有超越「教」的一貫道
才能令我們解脫。
稍後我們談論及五教合一的問題時,會簡述這樣的思想問題所在─一
貫道的「道」是一種矛盾,認為「道」超越五教是誤解。
質疑與考驗、恐懼無法得到救贖
幾乎所有宗教─特別是神權救贖信仰要求信徒必需完全服膺教主或至
高無上的神,而教主或至高無上的神,在信徒心中也具有權威性,教主與
神的話語或啟示即是「真理」,信徒對其不可以有絲毫的質疑,否則,就
是不夠虔誠,或會被視為是對信仰…甚至教主或神的不敬。而對教主或神
絕對服膺是必須的,否則,若有絲毫的質疑,即會被視為是對教主或神的
信心不足、不夠虔誠,會導致無法得到救贖的結果。於是,這些宗教信徒
強烈的感性壓抑著理性,當感性與理性產生矛盾或衝突時、當對於教主或
神有理性的質疑時,信徒恐懼無法得到救贖,於是選擇感性的相信而壓抑
理性的質疑。
道親(一貫道信徒稱呼「道親」)相信「求道」(一貫道的入教儀式
,道親稱之為「明師一指點」)之後,可以「地府抽丁,天堂掛號」(認
為自己的名字從地府的生死簿中除名,轉而登記在進入天堂的名簿中)。
若認真「修道」,將來死後可以承蒙「明明上帝」(或名「老母娘」)與
「仙佛」(如「彌勒祖師」、「活佛師尊」等)救贖而回歸到「理天」,
成仙、成佛,並得到永恆的解脫與離苦得樂。
也因為這樣的理念與思惟模式,道親的心底根深蒂固的認為「道」(
此處指一貫道的道統與道脈心法傳承)是珍貴的,而失去了「道」就無法
解脫,與其說道親害怕失去「道」,倒不如說道親其實更害怕無法解脫。
道親其實也尋求知識,只是道親一開始接受知識時,是在「資訊不對
稱」的情況下接受了錯誤的知識。道親們認為,一貫道道場教予的知識便
是正確的,鮮少有道親會反思為什麼是正確的,而盲目的認為「這樣的知
識便是正確的」,同時也被引導著朝向「一貫道即是正確」的思維模式固
定下來,一切與一貫道見解相左或矛盾的見解,就會被視為是錯誤、不正
確的。
對於多數道親來說,一切與信仰相左或矛盾的見解,包括對於一貫道
的質疑,都會被視為是一種挑戰權威的忤逆與對於信心的考驗─所謂的「
魔考」(魔鬼的考驗)或「考道」(修道的考驗)。有些道親雖然宣稱他
們的治學態度是「明理」的,而一貫道並不反對研究一貫道理論,但是,
一旦質疑一貫道理論核心的問題,或質疑一貫道理論的正確性,卻又會遭
到他們的排斥,而認為這些質疑都是「魔考」或「考道」。這樣的態度咎
因於道親們期望永恆的解脫且離苦得樂,因此,害怕因為被「魔考」或「
考道」考倒了(接受對於一貫道扭曲之處澄清的真相,會被認為是在被「
魔考」或「考道」考倒),而無法得到永恆的解脫與離苦得樂。
道親心底認為,如果因為與一貫道信仰相左或矛盾的見解,而對於一
貫道產生絲毫的質疑…甚至信心動搖而產生不信任,即視為是被魔考考倒
了或「退道」,最終將無法得到「明明上帝」與「仙佛」的救贖。這意味
著,對於道親來說,一切與一貫道信仰相左或矛盾的見解…乃至對於一貫
道的質疑,都是「不善」、「罪愆」、「終將得到惡果」的。
很多道親其實對於一貫道典藉(包含所謂「仙佛批訓」,即扶鸞文章
)、前人、點傳師、講師的說法存在著質疑與徬徨,但是因為恐懼「被魔
考考倒了」而無法得到救贖,於是說服(或催眠)自己:「這些與一貫道
相左或矛盾的見解,其實都是人的問題,一貫道的殊勝應該是完美無?的
」,而不願意面對問題並壓抑著─但是,如同掩耳盜鈴般的不願意面對一
貫道的問題,不代表一貫道的問題就不存在,只是在掙扎的選擇感性或理
性時,暫時忽略理性而選擇感性罷了。
如此乍看對於一貫道信仰忠誠與堅定的態度,可能會得到週遭其他道
親的讚美與獎勵,或者因此死後能得到救贖或成仙、成佛,但是這樣的一
個態度,卻是進步的阻礙,如同學生在做數學題目,到了某一步驟,不知
道該如何繼續做下去時,心裡會產生疑惑與徬徨,如果疑惑無法得到解答
,數學題目便無法再繼續做下去。想要繼續做下去,就必需找到問題所在
與解題方法。
解題方法很多,或許嚐試的解題方法可能是錯誤的,但是僅僅告訴自
己「我相信」或「我不懷疑」一定無法解決問題(疑惑與徬徨依舊在),
也不代表有正知正見。
主觀、意識、分別
很多道親耳聞他人與一貫道相左、矛盾的見解,總會習慣性的說「這
是人的看法」、「這是人的意識」、「這是人的主觀」或「這是人的分別
」等,簡言之,道親認為他人一切與一貫道相左、矛盾的見解,都是出自
於他人的主觀、意識、分別,故認為這些都是不正確的見解。
道親認為凡是出自於主觀、意識、分別的見解,都是不正確的。但是
若真如此,那麼道親又怎麼知道一貫道所言與自己所信皆是正確無誤的?
因為依道親這樣的思惟模式,那道親對於一貫道的感受、見解,又何嚐不
是出自於我人的主觀、意識、分別,又怎麼可以相信自己對於一貫道的感
受、理解是正確無誤的,在此前提下,道親對前人、點傳師、講師與引保
師所言話語亦不可相信,因為這也是出自於他人的主觀、意識、分別。
我們對於一切現象的看法,皆是出自於我們的主觀、意識。我們不能
太相信主觀、意識,但也不能全然否定或排斥主觀、意識。否則,如果我
們全然的排斥或否定主觀、意識,也就是全然的在排斥或否定覺悟真諦之
道,因為覺悟真諦須仰賴意識的作用。道親…乃至前人、點傳師、講師與
引保師對於一貫道的認知與解釋,也是出自於意識,如果道親全然的否定
或排斥意識,那也應否定或排斥一貫道的一切,因為對於一貫道的一切認
知,也是意識的作用。一貫道也尊崇佛陀,佛陀認為「正見」(正確的見
解)與「正思惟」(正確的思惟)是解脫道的基礎,而「正見」與「正思
惟」須仰賴意識的作用,捨棄意識,解脫道也不復存在。
「分別」指思量、識別事理,乃意識的作用。「分別」不是一種罪惡
,有「分別」沒有什麼不好,至少因為有它,所以我們不會將硫酸當可樂
喝。「分別」不是煩惱根源,煩惱根源是對於「無明」(不明白;未能如
實明瞭與觀察真諦)與「邪見」(不正確的見解;「邪」非指邪惡,而是
指不正確)的執著,凡夫執著於無明與邪見,妄計自我與諸法(所認知的
一切)為實有,而錯認所分別者─所認知的善惡、美醜、好壞、對錯…各
種現象等為絕對存在與實有。當明瞭緣起性空真諦時,了知所認知的善惡
、美醜、好壞、對錯…各種現象等,為依世俗諦假名安立的相對概念,就
勝義諦言,所認知的善惡、美醜、好壞、對錯…各種現象等並非絕對存在
與實有,也不存在永恆、實有的主體,故名「無分別」,此觀察緣起性空
的真諦所得之智即名「無分別智」。
如上所述,「無分別」不是指「善惡、美醜、好壞、對錯…各種現象
等都是相等的、一樣的,故不應該區分彼此」,也因為奉持這樣對於「分
別」的誤解,道親認為佛、道、儒、耶、回五教是相等的、一樣的,皆是
合一、歸一的。按道親如此理解「分別」的邏輯,則水與火應相等,輪迴
與涅槃亦應相等、沒有「分別」,則水能成火、火能成水,而輪迴能成涅
槃、涅槃亦能退轉成輪迴了。復次,按道親的理解,則相信與不相信一貫
道、「明明上帝」應是相等、沒有「分別」的,如此修習一貫道無有意義
可言。
主觀、意識與「分別」根本不是問題,有問題的是對於無明與邪見的
執著。主觀、意識與「分別」更不是道親用來搪塞、閃躲及逃避與一貫道
相左或矛盾見解的藉口,更不應該是害怕面對質疑的擋箭牌。
質疑非罪惡
一貫道也尊崇佛陀─「佛陀」是梵語音譯,意譯為覺者,通常泛指釋
迦牟尼佛。佛陀─釋迦牟尼佛─一個偉大的覺者與導師,他發現並且教導
我們解脫道(解脫方法)─四聖諦─知苦與息苦,而解脫道必須由我們親
自實踐,無法依賴他人─特別是所謂的教主、神…甚至是佛陀本人拯救。
佛陀的教法教導我們,煩惱的根源是因為無明與邪見,我們的解脫(
煩惱止息)全賴於自己的覺悟而知苦與息苦,由於煩惱是源於自己對於無
明的執著,也惟有自己的覺悟才能令自己解脫,並非因為服膺教主或至高
無上的神,而教主或至高無上的神以讓我們解脫作為服膺的酬勞與代價(
這是一種契約關係)。
即使是佛陀本人,扮演的角色是教導我們知苦與息苦的導師,而非救
世主、萬能的神或救贖的神,也非如同有求必應的萬應公。這是佛教(佛
陀的教法)與神權救贖信仰在態度上最大的差異,佛陀的弟子們(所謂的
佛教徒)追隨並且實踐的是佛陀的教法─解脫的方法─四聖諦,而非崇拜
或追隨佛陀本人。追隨「明明上帝」、「仙佛」與所謂的「活佛師尊」並
期望因此得到他力拯救,並非佛教本懷與態度。在此前提下,佛陀允許他
的弟子們自由思想,甚至允許審慎思惟、觀察與檢驗他本人與他的教法,
如此才能充分了解佛陀與其教法真正的價值。佛陀教導我們:當您審慎思
惟、觀察與檢驗後再相信,而不是盲目相信。是故,瞭解一貫道真相為何
─瞭解一貫道的本質,是非常重要的。
佛教認為「疑」是五蓋(五種煩惱)之一,它能覆蔽人心,使人執著
於煩惱,導致啟發智慧的障礙,阻礙進步。但是,「疑」並非「原罪」(
它只是無明的作用),事實上,佛教並沒有「原罪」的觀念(當然亦無從
「原罪」中得到救贖的觀念)。就順世間而言,「善」與「惡」是順世間
而言的相對概念,通俗所言「惡」泛指違反順世間所言的道德;就解脫道
而言,「惡」指的是執著於無明和邪見。
在未明瞭之前,對於可疑的事物或說法產生疑惑、質疑是正常且應當
的,不能將疑惑、質疑視為是原罪或一種過錯。雖然「疑」是五蓋之一,
但是,在未確實明瞭之前,「疑」的存在是必然的,如同做數學題目時,
不知道解題原理與方法,產生疑惑,也就無法繼續做下去。想要進步,就
必需解決疑惑,可是想要解決疑惑,卻又必需明瞭,如同數學題目想要繼
續做下去,就必需解決疑惑,可是想要解決疑惑,就必需明瞭解題原理與
方法。
強迫自己感性的相信且接受自己不明瞭的事物或說法,或刻意忽略與
壓抑自己的疑惑,強迫自己在情感上服膺於教主或神的權威,並非佛陀教
導的治學態度,而是執著於自己的情感。「疑」是五蓋之一,但就追求智
慧與覺悟的角度來說,質疑也是啟發智慧、覺悟與信心的基礎,同時也可
以保護我們免於盲目信仰與追求的治學態度。
真正的「魔考」或「考道」是對於自身情感與盲信的執著,而非對於
真相(包含自宗信仰問題)的探究。因此,道親應當探究一貫道的真相,
如此才能明瞭一貫道的真正價值與了解它的真面目。
一貫道也尊崇佛陀與彌勒菩薩,如果道親對於佛陀與彌勒菩薩有絲毫
的敬意,那麼,更應該依循佛陀教導的治學態度,審慎思惟、觀察與檢驗
一貫道的問題,如此才是諸佛菩薩以正思惟為基礎的治學本懷,而非將對
於自宗信仰的質疑,都視為是魔鬼的考驗。
質疑自宗的信仰(佛陀亦曾說過應當審慎思惟、觀察與檢驗他本人與
他的教法),並非代表服膺魔鬼的考驗,亦不代表對於自宗信仰沒有信念
,更不代表無法解脫,而是在審慎思惟、觀察、檢驗自宗信仰後,才能充
分了解自宗真正的價值(或者了解自宗的問題)。如果道親認為一貫道追
求的是自覺,那麼更應該正視、思惟自宗信仰的問題─甚至聽聽與一貫道
相反的立場,而非將所有對於一貫道的質疑都視為是「魔考」與「考道」
。
不可靠的仙佛批訓
很多道親都盲信「仙佛批訓」(其實就是扶鸞),將凡是一貫道的訓
文(扶鸞文章)內容都視為(盲信)成是絕對的真理。佛教其實不在乎訓
文這種東西,訓文其實跟神諭沒什麼兩樣,只是形式與表達方式不同。基
本上,佛教沒有神諭的觀念,更何況佛教不承認有造物主、主宰者的實有
存在,也不認為實有存在造物主、主宰者可以降下訓文,而盲信訓文、神
諭亦非佛教治學與修習態度。
佛教談基於緣起法的知苦與息苦,談的是如是正觀緣起而喜貪盡,乃
至自知不受後有。佛教並不關心感應、神蹟…等這些東西,因為那無關解
脫,而且也不可靠。當然,若有道親將感應、神蹟…等視為是追求目標也
不反對,只是那跟佛教的解脫無關,因為這些東西無法令我們煩惱止息。
佛教並非神秘主義,也不追求神秘經驗與感應,不可將神秘經驗與感
應誤當成是佛教的修道與絕對真理。一貫道的訓文或種種神奇感應基本上
是神秘主義與神秘經驗、感應,神秘的東西只有相信與不相信的問題─要
嘛選擇相信、要嘛選擇不相信,可是這樣的態度並不是佛教的治學與修習
態度,基本上這跟賭博沒什麼兩樣。佛陀教導我們不要盲信,就算是他本
人與他的教法,也不可未經由審思與觀察就輕易相信,在如是審慎觀察與
思惟後才可以相信,而不是賭博。
就算是訓文,道親們也應該要質疑它的內容,包含它的作者在內,而
不是盲目的認為凡是署名「相信存在的『明明上帝』、『活佛師尊』或『
月慧菩薩』…等」寫的訓文就一定是正確的,這樣的一個盲信態度是在賭
博,是在把我們的解脫與生死大事交給一個未知且不可靠的神秘經驗。不
要因為它署名是「明明上帝」、「活佛師尊」或「月慧菩薩」…等名義撰
寫的訓文,就盲目的奉為絕對真理。
佛教有保證書,佛陀的解脫就是一個保證(佛陀親自實踐過了,而且
他成功了),依於佛教的四聖諦與法次法向是可以即生解脫的,這比一貫
道將生死大事交給死後的未知可靠多了。佛教有可靠的保證書,一貫道呢
?把生死大事與解脫交給(死後的)未知且不可靠的神秘經驗,這是在賭
博,不能算是可靠的保證。
由於道親只接受一貫道單方面教導的知識(對於佛教的認知也是如此
),並盲目相信一貫道教導的就是正確的,未質疑其正確性,甚至認為佛
教就是一貫道單方面所闡釋的那樣,也未接觸過佛教的說法,甚至有部份
道親接觸佛教,但對於佛教的認知與理解,是將一貫道的認知與思惟模式
套用在佛教上。因此,本文將告訴道親們:「佛教不是你們想像的那樣」
。
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