關於 狗腹水壽命 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

秋，即禾與火，有禾谷成熟的意思，是豐收的季節；此時梧桐樹開始落葉，故「落一葉而知秋」！秋，一候涼風至，二候白露生，三候寒蟬鳴。古人有「春夏養陽，秋冬養陰」、「春生夏長、秋收冬藏」之說，養生一定要順應四時，才能達到延年益壽的目的。
立秋後，自然界的陽氣開始收斂、沉降，人應當開始做好保養陽氣的準備。肺屬金，而秋季大地一遍金黃，故肺主秋季。另外秋季主收，燥為秋季之主氣，而肺為「嬌臟」不耐寒熱，故很容易被秋燥所傷，因此需要潤燥、養陰、潤肺。
特別是秋天屬金，金克木，秋天的氣容易抑制肝氣、肝血的生發。肝開竅於目，所以這時候呢眼睛的視力就會有所下降，因此立秋養生重在養肺護肝。下列來看看「立秋」養生與禁忌及合適的湯水吧！
一、食的養生與禁忌
●宜吃養肺潤肺的食物
秋屬燥，而燥氣通於肺，很容易傷及肺陰，使人患鼻乾、喉嚨痛、咳嗽、胸痛等呼吸疾病，所以飲食應注意多吃些養肺潤肺的食物。肺是人體重要的呼吸器官，是人體真氣之源，肺氣的盛衰關係到壽命的長短。養肺的蔬菜包括蓮藕、百合、銀耳、木耳、山藥、胡蘿蔔、豆腐等。水果如梨子、蘋果、山楂、荸薺等。果仁類如杏仁、核桃、花生、松子、芝麻等。蜂蜜是秋季養肺潤肺的好食物。
●清熱解暑要繼續
清熱解毒類食品既能消暑、斂汗補液，還能增進食欲。因此喝些綠豆粥、蓮子粥、百合粥和薄荷粥益處多多。
●涼性食物要適量
涼性食物要適量食用，如瓜類水果西瓜、香瓜等。古人云：「秋瓜壞肚」，夏季剛過，人的脾胃受炎熱天氣影響，功能較弱，還未完全恢復，因此剛剛入秋養好脾胃很重要。
●少辛增酸
愛吃辛辣刺激食物的人要克制一下，夏季吃些辛辣食物可以增加食欲，但是立秋後要適當減少，因為秋天要收肺氣，而辛辣太盛則傷肺。「增酸」的目的是為了增強肝臟的功能，所以要多吃酸味的水果和蔬菜，如奇異果、蘋果、石榴、葡萄、橘子、檸檬、番茄等。
●多食含纖維食物
秋天乾燥易便秘，應多食富含膳食纖維的食物，如空心菜、胡蘿蔔、地瓜、白菜、芹菜、豆芽、香菇、海帶、紫菜等。
●忌暴飲暴食
到了秋季，由於氣候宜人，往往會進食過多，攝入熱量過剩，會轉化成脂肪堆積，使人發胖。在秋季飲食中，要注意適量，不能放縱食欲，大吃大喝。
●忌油膩、煎炸食物
油膩煎炸的食物不易消化，積聚在胃中，加重體內積滯的熱氣，不利於潤燥，許多慢性呼吸系統疾病常在秋季復發或加重，就是因為這個原因。
●進補的好季節
入秋之後，人體對食物的吸收率會逐漸增高，但像羊肉、狗肉在入秋之初還是要少食，因為秋初炎熱未完全退盡，過多食用大熱食物羊肉、狗肉不利於健康。太多的肉類等高蛋白食品，會增加腸胃負擔，影響胃腸功能。因此吃肉要適當，最好等到天真正涼下來以後。
●藥補不如食補
「多吃補藥，有病治病，無病強身」是不科學的，用食補代替藥補是個不錯的選擇，秋季之後我們可以多喝雪梨銀耳湯來滋陰潤肺，多吃蓮藕、蘿蔔、百合等物來保健身體，無病亂補是會擾亂身體內部節奏，而且補藥吃太多小心變成毒藥。藥物和食物既然有保健治療作用，亦有一定的副作用，久服多服會影響體內的營養平衡。尤其是老年人，不但各臟器功能均有不同程度的減退，需要全面地系統地加以調理，而且不同的季節，對保健藥物和食物也有不同的需求。因此，根據不同情況予以調整是十分必要的，不能恒補不變，一補到底。
二、衣的養生與禁忌 早晚日夜溫差大，別忘早晚添加衣服。
三、住的養生與禁忌
●「秋老虎」到要注意防暑降溫，此時晝夜溫差逐漸變大，也要預防感冒著涼。夜間睡覺時腰腹要蓋被子，以防受涼。
●炎熱季節，許多家庭和辦公室都開著空調，人們在享受清風涼意的同時，也容易患上「空調病」。尤其在立秋之後，天氣早晚較涼，稍不注意，就會出現腹痛、吐瀉、傷風感冒、腰肩疼痛等癥狀。空調開放時間不易過長，夜裡最好不開或只開除濕。這樣，既可降溫避暑，又可預防空調病。
●有慢性病如哮喘、慢性支氣管炎患者及胃腸功能較弱的人，不宜長時間開空調，避免直吹或將腹部蓋好。
四、行的養生與禁忌
早睡早起養精蓄銳，養肝護肺；早睡可以順應陽氣的收斂，早起可使肺氣得到舒展。而且，早睡早起可減少血栓形成的機會，可預防腦血栓等缺血性疾病發生。
五、育的養生與禁忌
立秋的氣溫雖然沒有降低多少，但是運動還是要堅持，運動不能停，立秋之後空氣濕度會開始變低，在清晨的時候爬爬山，多做一些深呼吸的動作，這樣的空氣浴能對身體起到很好的保健功效，晚上9點以後不要劇烈運動出汗過多。
六、樂的養生與禁忌
悶熱勿煩躁，天涼莫悲秋，「秋老虎」的燥熱威力不容小覷，氣溫高令人心情煩躁，脾氣漸長，易於衝動，影響身心健康，要調整好心態，切忌悲傷憂慮。
在秋季初段日子，仍受夏天之餘氣影響，氣溫高且濕，但會慢慢開始天氣轉涼。記緊要注意保暖，尤是頸及胸背部，避免著涼。飲食亦不宜冰涼，怕損傷正氣。若喜歡吃沙拉冷盤等，可喝暖湯熱茶，免得體內積寒。夏暑喝的寒涼清熱降火茶，亦要減少。肺與大腸為表裏關係，大腸乾燥則容易出現便秘。金旺乘木，金氣過旺可傷肝，秋天樹葉凋落，景象肅殺，注意或易有肝氣鬱結，情緒抑鬱。
未病失防，齊心抗疫
要留意，乾咳為新冠肺炎其中一項常見病徵（有乾咳不等於染上新冠肺炎）。當出現發燒、呼吸道感染、或肺炎徵狀，必須馬上入院求醫。但未病可以先防，增強體質，繼續堅持齊心抗疫，注意個人衛生，勤洗手，戴口罩，保持社交距離，盡量在家做適當舒展運動，飲食均衡，思想樂觀正面，疫情終會過去。
以下介紹2款簡單時令保健湯水。
§潤肺生津
肺喜潤惡燥，預防秋天出現肺燥，可先潤肺以減低咳嗽機會。
宜：見口渴口乾，咽乾咽痛，鼻孔乾燥，口氣腥臭。
忌：感冒咳嗽，或平素痰多不宜。
川貝南北杏煲雪梨水（2-3人份量，10碗清水，煲1.5 - 2小時）
材料及食益:
川貝10g / 清熱潤肺，化痰止咳。
雪梨3個 / 清熱止咳，滋陰潤肺。
百合20g / 養陰潤肺，清心安神。
南北杏20g / 潤肺止咳（南杏12g：北杏2g）。。
雪耳15g /滋補生津，潤肺養胃
冰糖適量。
作法：
1. 雪梨連皮去芯，洗淨備用。
2. 其它所有材料浸泡15分鐘後，洗淨備用。(川貝拍裂效果更佳)
3. 將所有材料放入鍋中，加入3000水煲1.5-2小時即可
§消暑祛濕
夏季暑濕之餘氣未去，可視個人情況，消暑祛濕以治標，同時補脾益肺以固本。
宜：見身熱心煩，食慾欠佳，大便秘結，小便黃臭，手腳困重等。
忌：感冒咳嗽泄瀉不宜。
扁豆赤小豆煲冬瓜湯
材料及食益:
扁豆 60g / 健脾化濕，和中消暑。
赤小豆60g / 利水消腫，解毒排膿。
冬瓜1斤 / 消暑清热，利水解毒。
玉竹40g / 清熱養陰，生津潤肺。
淮山40g / 補脾養胃，生津益肺，補腎澀精。
蜜棗3個 無花果八顆
作法：
1. 冬瓜連皮帶籽，洗淨備用。
2. 其它所有材料浸泡15分鐘後，洗淨備用。
3. 將所有材料放入鍋中，加入3500ml水煲3小時即可
保健優食養選購專區　https://forms.gle/76doTFycvAvsGpGHA
#防疫 #疫情 #養生 #養身 #健康 #分享 #煲湯 #料理 #幸福 #祛溼 #消腫 #窈窕
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秋，即禾與火，有禾谷成熟的意思，是豐收的季節；此時梧桐樹開始落葉，故「落一葉而知秋」！秋，一候涼風至，二候白露生，三候寒蟬鳴。古人有「春夏養陽，秋冬養陰」、「春生夏長、秋收冬藏」之說，養生一定要順應四時，才能達到延年益壽的目的。

立秋後，自然界的陽氣開始收斂、沉降，人應當開始做好保養陽氣的準備。肺屬金，而秋季大地一遍金黃，故肺主秋季。另外秋季主收，燥為秋季之主氣，而肺為「嬌臟」不耐寒熱，故很容易被秋燥所傷，因此需要潤燥、養陰、潤肺。
特別是秋天屬金，金克木，秋天的氣容易抑制肝氣、肝血的生發。肝開竅於目，所以這時候呢眼睛的視力就會有所下降，因此立秋養生重在養肺護肝。下列來看看「立秋」養生與禁忌及合適的湯水吧！

一、食的養生與禁忌
●宜吃養肺潤肺的食物
秋屬燥，而燥氣通於肺，很容易傷及肺陰，使人患鼻乾、喉嚨痛、咳嗽、胸痛等呼吸疾病，所以飲食應注意多吃些養肺潤肺的食物。肺是人體重要的呼吸器官，是人體真氣之源，肺氣的盛衰關係到壽命的長短。養肺的蔬菜包括蓮藕、百合、銀耳、木耳、山藥、胡蘿蔔、豆腐等。水果如梨子、蘋果、山楂、荸薺等。果仁類如杏仁、核桃、花生、松子、芝麻等。蜂蜜是秋季養肺潤肺的好食物。
●清熱解暑要繼續
清熱解毒類食品既能消暑、斂汗補液，還能增進食欲。因此喝些綠豆粥、蓮子粥、百合粥和薄荷粥益處多多。
●涼性食物要適量
涼性食物要適量食用，如瓜類水果西瓜、香瓜等。古人云：「秋瓜壞肚」，夏季剛過，人的脾胃受炎熱天氣影響，功能較弱，還未完全恢復，因此剛剛入秋養好脾胃很重要。
●少辛增酸
愛吃辛辣刺激食物的人要克制一下，夏季吃些辛辣食物可以增加食欲，但是立秋後要適當減少，因為秋天要收肺氣，而辛辣太盛則傷肺。「增酸」的目的是為了增強肝臟的功能，所以要多吃酸味的水果和蔬菜，如奇異果、蘋果、石榴、葡萄、橘子、檸檬、番茄等。
●多食含纖維食物
秋天乾燥易便秘，應多食富含膳食纖維的食物，如空心菜、胡蘿蔔、地瓜、白菜、芹菜、豆芽、香菇、海帶、紫菜等。
●忌暴飲暴食
到了秋季，由於氣候宜人，往往會進食過多，攝入熱量過剩，會轉化成脂肪堆積，使人發胖。在秋季飲食中，要注意適量，不能放縱食欲，大吃大喝。
●忌油膩、煎炸食物
油膩煎炸的食物不易消化，積聚在胃中，加重體內積滯的熱氣，不利於潤燥，許多慢性呼吸系統疾病常在秋季復發或加重，就是因為這個原因。
●進補的好季節
入秋之後，人體對食物的吸收率會逐漸增高，但像羊肉、狗肉在入秋之初還是要少食，因為秋初炎熱未完全退盡，過多食用大熱食物羊肉、狗肉不利於健康。太多的肉類等高蛋白食品，會增加腸胃負擔，影響胃腸功能。因此吃肉要適當，最好等到天真正涼下來以後。
●藥補不如食補
「多吃補藥，有病治病，無病強身」是不科學的，用食補代替藥補是個不錯的選擇，秋季之後我們可以多喝雪梨銀耳湯來滋陰潤肺，多吃蓮藕、蘿蔔、百合等物來保健身體，無病亂補是會擾亂身體內部節奏，而且補藥吃太多小心變成毒藥。藥物和食物既然有保健治療作用，亦有一定的副作用，久服多服會影響體內的營養平衡。尤其是老年人，不但各臟器功能均有不同程度的減退，需要全面地系統地加以調理，而且不同的季節，對保健藥物和食物也有不同的需求。因此，根據不同情況予以調整是十分必要的，不能恒補不變，一補到底。

二、衣的養生與禁忌 早晚日夜溫差大，別忘早晚添加衣服。

三、住的養生與禁忌
●「秋老虎」到要注意防暑降溫，此時晝夜溫差逐漸變大，也要預防感冒著涼。夜間睡覺時腰腹要蓋被子，以防受涼。
●炎熱季節，許多家庭和辦公室都開著空調，人們在享受清風涼意的同時，也容易患上「空調病」。尤其在立秋之後，天氣早晚較涼，稍不注意，就會出現腹痛、吐瀉、傷風感冒、腰肩疼痛等癥狀。空調開放時間不易過長，夜裡最好不開或只開除濕。這樣，既可降溫避暑，又可預防空調病。
●有慢性病如哮喘、慢性支氣管炎患者及胃腸功能較弱的人，不宜長時間開空調，避免直吹或將腹部蓋好。

四、行的養生與禁忌
早睡早起養精蓄銳，養肝護肺；早睡可以順應陽氣的收斂，早起可使肺氣得到舒展。而且，早睡早起可減少血栓形成的機會，可預防腦血栓等缺血性疾病發生。

五、育的養生與禁忌
立秋的氣溫雖然沒有降低多少，但是運動還是要堅持，運動不能停，立秋之後空氣濕度會開始變低，在清晨的時候爬爬山，多做一些深呼吸的動作，這樣的空氣浴能對身體起到很好的保健功效，晚上9點以後不要劇烈運動出汗過多。

六、樂的養生與禁忌
悶熱勿煩躁，天涼莫悲秋，「秋老虎」的燥熱威力不容小覷，氣溫高令人心情煩躁，脾氣漸長，易於衝動，影響身心健康，要調整好心態，切忌悲傷憂慮。

在秋季初段日子，仍受夏天之餘氣影響，氣溫高且濕，但會慢慢開始天氣轉涼。記緊要注意保暖，尤是頸及胸背部，避免著涼。飲食亦不宜冰涼，怕損傷正氣。若喜歡吃沙拉冷盤等，可喝暖湯熱茶，免得體內積寒。夏暑喝的寒涼清熱降火茶，亦要減少。肺與大腸為表裏關係，大腸乾燥則容易出現便秘。金旺乘木，金氣過旺可傷肝，秋天樹葉凋落，景象肅殺，注意或易有肝氣鬱結，情緒抑鬱。

未病失防，齊心抗疫
要留意，乾咳為新冠肺炎其中一項常見病徵（有乾咳不等於染上新冠肺炎）。當出現發燒、呼吸道感染、或肺炎徵狀，必須馬上入院求醫。但未病可以先防，增強體質，繼續堅持齊心抗疫，注意個人衛生，勤洗手，戴口罩，保持社交距離，盡量在家做適當舒展運動，飲食均衡，思想樂觀正面，疫情終會過去。

以下介紹2款簡單時令保健湯水。
§潤肺生津
肺喜潤惡燥，預防秋天出現肺燥，可先潤肺以減低咳嗽機會。
宜：見口渴口乾，咽乾咽痛，鼻孔乾燥，口氣腥臭。
忌：感冒咳嗽，或平素痰多不宜。

川貝南北杏煲雪梨水（2-3人份量，10碗清水，煲1.5 - 2小時）
材料及食益:
川貝10g / 清熱潤肺，化痰止咳。
雪梨3個 / 清熱止咳，滋陰潤肺。
百合20g / 養陰潤肺，清心安神。
南北杏20g / 潤肺止咳（南杏12g：北杏2g）。。
雪耳15g /滋補生津，潤肺養胃
冰糖適量。

作法：
1. 雪梨連皮去芯，洗淨備用。
2. 其它所有材料浸泡15分鐘後，洗淨備用。(川貝拍裂效果更佳)
3. 將所有材料放入鍋中，加入3000水煲1.5-2小時即可

§消暑祛濕
夏季暑濕之餘氣未去，可視個人情況，消暑祛濕以治標，同時補脾益肺以固本。
宜：見身熱心煩，食慾欠佳，大便秘結，小便黃臭，手腳困重等。
忌：感冒咳嗽泄瀉不宜。

扁豆赤小豆煲冬瓜湯

材料及食益:
扁豆 60g / 健脾化濕，和中消暑。
赤小豆60g / 利水消腫，解毒排膿。
冬瓜1斤 / 消暑清热，利水解毒。
玉竹40g / 清熱養陰，生津潤肺。
淮山40g / 補脾養胃，生津益肺，補腎澀精。
蜜棗3個 無花果八顆

作法：
1. 冬瓜連皮帶籽，洗淨備用。
2. 其它所有材料浸泡15分鐘後，洗淨備用。
3. 將所有材料放入鍋中，加入3500ml水煲3小時即可

保健優食養選購專區　https://forms.gle/76doTFycvAvsGpGHA
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「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。

創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung