TỪ VỰNG + Ý TƯỞNG CHỦ ĐỀ OVERPOPULATION [Kèm hình vở]
PHẦN TỪ VỰNG
▪rapidly growing human populations: dân số tăng trưởng nhanh chóng
▪a population bomb = a population explosion: sự bùng nổ dân số
▪to increase at an alarming rate: tăng ở một mức độ đáng báo động
▪an increase in global birth rates: 1 sự tăng trong tỷ lệ sinh toàn cầu
▪to exceed the carrying capacity of the earth: vượt quá sức chứa của trái đất
▪to put an end to human survival: đặt dấu chấm hết cho sự tồn tại của con người
▪increased demands for water/ food/ fossil fuels/ natural resouces/…: nhu cầu tăng đối với nước/ thực phẩm/ nhiên liệu hóa thạch/ các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
▪to lead to the depletion of natural resources: dẫn tới sự cạn kiệt các nguồn tài nguyên thiên nhiên
▪to put heavy pressure on water/food supplies: đặt áp lực nặng nề lên nguồn cung cấp nước/ thực phẩm
▪to pose a serious threat to the well-being of planet Earth: gây ra mối đe dọa nghiêm trọng cho sức khỏe của trái đất
▪advances in science, technology, medicine, food production/ better medical services/ technological breakthroughs → a increase in life expectancy/ a decline in mortality rates: các tiến bộ trong khoa học, công nghệ, y tế, sản xuất thực phẩm/ dịch vụ y tế tốt hơn/ các đột phá trong lĩnh vực công nghệ → sự tăng trong tuổi thọ/ giảm tỷ lệ tỷ vong
▪to lead to environmental degradation/ air, water pollution/ soil contamination/ global warming/ deforestation/ desertification/ widespread famine/ conflicts and wars/ higher unemployment rates/ higher levels of crime/ other serious social problems: dẫn tới sự suy thoái môi trường/ ô nhiễm không khí, nước/ ô nhiễm đất/ nóng lên toàn cầu/ tàn phá rừng/ hoang mạc hóa/ đói nghèo trên diện rộng/ mâu thuẫn và chiến tranh/ tỷ lệ thất nghiệp cao hơn/ mức độ tội phạm cao hơn/ các vấn đề xã hội khác
▪population control methods: các phương pháp kiểm soát dân số
family planning/ limit family sizes: kế hoạch hóa gia đình/ giới hạn kích cỡ gia đình
▪to raise public awareness of … : nâng cao ý thức cộng đồng về …
▪to provide sex education in schools: cung cấp giáo dục giới tính trong các trường học
PHẦN Ý TƯỞNG --> Page mình xem tại đây nhé: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-overpopulation/
Chúc page mình học tốt <3
#ieltsnguyenhuyen
同時也有69部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過56萬的網紅Chris Lewis,也在其Youtube影片中提到,?? Greetings from Hanoi. Environmental protection and awareness has always been very near and dear to my heart. It's at the core of who I am. I come f...
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核電不敵再生能源,衰退已成定局
2017《世界核能產業現狀報告》說到,「報告已敲醒鐘,辯論已然結束。世界能源的優先選擇順序上,核電將被太陽和風力所取代。這並非夢想或推估,而已成為現實」。而根據2020《世界核能產業現狀報告》全球能源發展的整體趨勢呈現為再生能源持續有突破性發展,核電則不論在發電量增長、發電占比或是發電成本上,皆 #不敵再生能源。
以下我們整理了幾點核能不敵再生能源的事實:
✅ 均化成本:核電已比風、光貴將近4倍
根據金融諮詢和資產管理公司拉札德(Lazard)2019年的能源技術成本報告,太陽光電的均化成本(註1)從2010年每度電 0.359美元降至2019年0.041美元(USD/KWh),降幅89%;風電從每度電0.135美元降至0.04美元,降幅70%;核電成本十年來則上升了26%,從每度電0.123美元漲至0.155美元,已比風、光貴將近四倍。
✅ 投資金額:全球再生能源投資金額是核電的10倍
《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》(註2)指出,2019年全球挹注於再生能源上的總投資超過3000億美元,是核能發電投資的十倍之多。
✅ 就業人數:未來再生能源就業人口是核電的36倍
根據國際再生能源總署(IRENA)2018年的報告(註3),2016年全球再生能源就業人數已達到近1000萬人,核電為70萬,而在全球升溫於世紀末前控制在2度C的情境中,再生能源至2050年預估可創造2880萬個就業機會,核電為80萬。
✅ 平均建置期:核電比風跟光多花2倍時間
根據五位能源學者分析123個國家的數據後共同發表的報告《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(註4),核電的平均前置期為 90 個月,風力和光電僅為 40 個月。因此在投資同樣金額之下,再生能源比易受延宕的核電更能迅速地減少碳排放。
✅ 碳排放量:核電碳排最高將達到再生能源的10至18倍
史丹福大學環境工程學系教授Mark Jacobson的研究報告指出(註5),將不同電力來源生命週期,包括採礦、燃料製造、電廠營運到後端除役與廢料處理過程之碳排都完整計入時,核電的碳排放量將高出再生能源10到18倍。另一個匯集分析了103份核電生命週期碳排的研究(註6)則指出,每度核電的平均碳排約為66克二氧化碳當量,相較之下太陽光電是32克二氧化碳當量、離岸風力則是9克二氧化碳當量。
Jacobson也指出另一個常被忽略的「機會成本碳排」,是指由於興建速度緩慢,需要耗費更多時間依賴化石燃料,因此相較其他更快速的電力選項會再增加額外的碳排。新建核電的機會成本碳排和風電相比,每度電為64至102克二氧化碳當量。
✅ 發電佔比:再生能源占比超越核電
非水力再生能源在2019年時貢獻了全球10.39%的發電量,首度超越核電的10.35%,其中核能發電的發電占比自1996年以來便持續下降,2019年只比前一年微幅成長0.2%。
✅ 裝置容量年成長:風和光是核電的65倍
根據《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》,全球非水力再生能源在2019年新增的裝置容量達到184GW,創下歷史新高,其中風力發電量新增59.2GW,年增率為13%;太陽光電新增了98GW發電量,年增率為24%,相較之下,核能發電的淨成長僅為2.4GW,年增率為3.7%,且有一半來自於中國。
✅ 國際能源總署的評估:再生能源減碳貢獻遠超過核電
國際能源總署(IEA)今年發布的「2050淨零:全球能源部門路徑圖」報告(註7)中指出,為了達到2050年淨零目標,再生能源在全球電力的占比需要達到將近90%,核電則不到10%。
種種對比顯示核電在現今社會已經是過時又危險的舊世紀產物,全世界都在減少核電(除了中國),台灣卻還有某群人在掙扎,不免讓人擔心是否墨守成規,不願接受世界趨勢。因此,我們邀請大家在12/18的全民公投第17案投下不同意票,讓台灣邁向更乾淨、更安全的家園。
#分手吧我們不核四
#核四公投17不同意
#12月18日公投讓我們大家ㄧ起對核四公投案投下不同意票
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註1:均化成本(Levelized Cost of Energy)用來計算發電設備壽命週期內的平均發電成本,包括投資、運轉與維護、燃料及除役成本,是評估電力技術競爭力的基本指標。
註2:《2020世界核能產業現狀報告》”World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2020” https://www.worldnuclearreport.org/-World-Nuclear-Industry-Status-Report-2020-.html
註3:國際再生能源總署(IRENA)- " Global Energy Transformation: A Roadmap to 2050 "
https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Apr/IRENA_Report_GET_2018.pdf
註4:《對照追求再生電力、核電國家間的減碳排放量差異》(Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus nuclear power)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344482658_differences_in_carbon_emissions_reduction_between_countries_pursuing_renewable_electricity_versus_nuclear_power
註5:”Evaluation of Nuclear Power as a Proposed Solution to Global Warming, Air Pollution, and Energy Security” https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/NuclearVsWWS.pdf
註6:"Energy Balance of Nuclear Power Generation" https://www.energyagency.at/fileadmin/dam/pdf/publikationen/berichteBroschueren/Endbericht_LCA_Nuklearindustrie-engl.pdf
註7:"Net Zero by 2050 - A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector" https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/beceb956-0dcf-4d73-89fe-1310e3046d68/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf
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air pollution 在 Chris Lewis Youtube 的精選貼文
?? Greetings from Hanoi. Environmental protection and awareness has always been very near and dear to my heart. It's at the core of who I am. I come from a family that loves science and the environment - tree huggers, loud and proud. And my appreciation for things such as clean food, water, and air has dramatically increased since moving to Vietnam.
Don't get me wrong - I love Vietnam. I love the society, the convenience of being able to call Grab food, the motorbikes... but the fact of the matter is Vietnam is going through a developmental stage. And as such, Vietnam is fighting a battle with environmental pollution, just as every country has to do.
We will run out of oil and gas very soon - within out lifetimes. As such, we need to begin to look to the future, and find other means of renewable energy, especially for transportation. While countries like America and Japan already have the infrastructure in place, Vietnam is still quite a ways off.
I was lucky enough to have the chance to try out an electric motorbike from my buddy Kin. As such I wanted to make a video discussing Vietnam, its transportation, and the future of it. What will happen? What are the solutions? Hope you enjoy the video.
Subtitles made and translated by the awesome Loan. Check out her drawings on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lucielittlethings/
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Updates from the road:
► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chrismixlewis/
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#Vietnam
air pollution 在 CHINCHIN C Youtube 的最讚貼文
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air pollution 在 This is Taiwan Youtube 的最讚貼文
[有字幕] 從中國來的空氣污染 ! How Much Air Pollution in TAIWAN Comes From CHINA?
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air pollution 在 Air Pollution 101 | National Geographic - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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