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【認真聽】 爆頭就對了 ！| 從《#屍戰朝鮮：雅信傳》到《#惡靈古堡》| 晚期資本主義社會的屍檢 | 後人類未來 // 李長潔 👾
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看完《李屍朝鮮：#雅信傳》只有一個想法—「欸為什麼沒有可以按下一集的地方！」。真的很喜歡《#李屍朝鮮》，自從2019年看了第一季，那種「公路電影」般的一路跋涉，加上詭秘的政權鬥爭，還有寫實又魔幻的戰爭，重新定義了活屍文本的特徵與內涵。我們今天就談談「活屍」（#zombie）及其文本，活屍在大中文化中的意義，還有活屍也有社會學（？）
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基本上，我們認為，活屍電影、電玩、小說等，尤其在2000年後的興盛，是一種對晚期資本主義的屍檢。這些文本從政治、經濟、科學等領域，迂迴地提出「反-社會結構」的批評，並在倖存者身上，賦予某種「#後人類」式的期待。這種Ulrich Beck的「#解放性災難」，使我們思考新的社會型態與人類存在，並開啟未來的可種可能。
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📌 #今天的節目有
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▶ 李屍朝鮮與雅信傳
▶ 每個人心中都有一個活屍
▶ 活屍的系譜
▶ 活屍文本的基本解析
▶ 巫術所控制的活死人
▶ 活下來的人有這三種
▶ 作為一種後人類
▶ 爆頭就對了
▶ 對晚期資本主義社會的屍檢
▶ 末日重生—解放性的災難
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📣 #firstory 聽這裡：https://open.firstory.me/story/ckropkmml94wf0863oyg6vp2e
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📣 #kkbox 聽這裡：https://podcast.kkbox.com/episode/5YZl1BR-1MdCKbHpwX
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📣 #spotify 聽這裡：https://open.spotify.com/episode/1GzNMgApuTqh61IbAnXKXp?si=qKcV2omiRo2D9-eAwCUvIA&utm_source=copy-link&dl_branch=1
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📣 #apple 聽這裡：https://reurl.cc/R074Gg
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📣 #facebook 完整論述：https://www.facebook.com/208541192666847/posts/1818922671628683/

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///// 完整論述 /////
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▓ #李屍朝鮮與雅信傳
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想到2019第一次看到Netflix上的《李屍朝鮮》，非常驚豔，居然可以將活屍與歷史、政爭、戰爭混合在一起，創造一種全新的視野。第一季的片頭，令人頭皮發麻，逐集釋出的片段，你可以一集一集地慢慢發覺這是養屍的陰翳詭譎畫面。
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故事大概的背景是，16世紀末日本入侵朝鮮數年後的朝鮮王朝，王世子李蒼想見臥病在床十多天的父王，卻一直被宮人阻撓，直覺宮中有不可告人秘密。為追尋真相，李蒼微服暗訪醫治其父王的醫員，卻發現一場恐怖瘟疫正全國擴散，染疫的人會死而復活，變得非常嗜血及人肉，整個朝鮮正陷入一場滅亡危機。整個《李屍朝鮮》虛構地表現著真實的史實，包含16世紀的國際政治、政府治理、人民生活、飢荒與瘟疫，那些人吃人的殘酷歷史。
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雅信傳，運用了朝鮮與女真之間的緊張關係，架構了一個「生死草源起」的場面。其中全智賢以及她的部族，是夾在朝鮮與女真之間歸順政府的「城底野人」，以來往探密為生。活屍在這裡，指向某種「他者」，是一個民族傷痛的隱喻，本篇裡並沒有太多的謀策或活屍趕殺，更多的是在恨意上的不斷加深，這個被賤斥、賤踏的他者（沒有認同、失語、赤裸、遭受暴力），最終反撲成為一種灰滅性的瘋狂與災難。
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你是不是在最後活屍感染全滅軍隊時，感到內心充滿快感呢。你也可以藉雅信，明白前兩季的諸多橋段，包含生死草的來源、為何會出現、朝鮮的政爭、第二季結束時全智賢的詭異微笑。並且，藉由雅信這位女性角色的賤斥主體反撲，整個顛倒了前兩季的所有「皇權」（kingdom）統治。
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《李屍朝鮮》大概是近年K-zombie中，最典型又精彩的作品。它之所以好看，是因為其脫離了20-21世紀裡，成為重要的反烏托邦類型的活屍文本，獨樹一格。不過，我們還是回過頭來談談這整個影視發展中的活屍文本，其是對晚期資本主義世界的一種反映與批判。
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▓ #每個人心中有一個活屍
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套句導演李安的句法，每個人心中都有一個活屍。活屍電影已然成為當代最重要的電影類型之一，是一種結合怪物、恐怖、與科學幻想的文本。從1932年的《白殭屍》（White Zombie）開始，1968年George Romero執導的《活死人之夜》（Night of the Living Dead）興起，「活屍」一社會想像在40年內逐漸成為主流，時至今日已然有577部相關的活屍電影作品發行，尚未包含電玩、小說等其他傳播媒介。
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911事件後，活屍文本更蓬勃出現，成為當代流行文化中的重要類型。這些血腥恐怖的情節背後，與一般鬼片不同，其隱含著複雜的、預設式的、假設式、未來式、較積極的負面烏托邦，用通俗的方式探討著「反結構」（anti-structure）的趨勢，甚至可以說，活屍文本就是某種「社會科學的科幻」（Reed and Penfold-Mounce, 2015），是一種社會學的想像。後面就來漫談活屍文本。
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▓ #活屍的系譜—海地活屍
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林宛瑄（2017）回顧了活屍的系譜。她認為，當代習稱活屍的怪物依其所從出的歷史脈絡與形象變遷過程，可以區分為「#海地活屍」與「#美國活屍」，兩種活屍形象各有所對應的社會情境及衍生的政治文化意涵，兩者之間的關聯與差異則是揭示活屍的理論潛能所在之關鍵。
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簡言之，「海地活屍」為巫毒教的產物，例如「白殭屍」，海地人相信巫毒教巫師能夠藉由含河豚毒素的特定毒物與儀式，讓活人處於假死狀態，之後再藉另一種藥物使之復甦；但甦醒過來的受害者會失去許多心智功能，淪為受巫師操縱的奴隸。由於海地的歷史充滿被帝國殖民為奴的記憶，海地活屍逐漸演變為一種政治社會壓迫的象徵。
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▓ #活屍的系譜—美國活屍
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海地活屍在1920年代傳入美國，並在電影中，幾經轉變，最後由喬治羅米洛的活屍系列，將活屍由巫術型轉換成「感染型」。二十世紀西方大眾文化想像中的喪屍已從「#傳統神祕傳說中沒有心智且相對不具威脅性的奴性機器」轉變為「#兇惡且自我驅動的吃人機器」；活屍研究者不應將「海地喪屍」與「美國喪屍」的發展史混為一談。
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值得一提的是，喪屍擺脫巫師或奴隸主甚或殖民者支配後，始得成為所謂「常人怪物」（行屍走肉），方能夠代入各種社會脈絡與問題情境，凝聚吸納其間的想像與焦慮，羅米洛的活死人系列因此可說是活屍作為一種大眾文化史上重要的轉捩點。（林宛瑄，2017）所謂的「感染型活屍」。不論性別種族階級，任何人都可能轉變為活屍，人與喪屍之間的界線不再牢固，人無法輕易將活屍斥逐為與己對立之他者。只要有心（?），人人都可能是活屍。
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▓ #活屍電影的基本分析
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我們將557部活屍電影名稱做文字分析，可以得到一系列的詞彙，如邪惡（Evil）、重返（Return）、活死人（Undead）、黑暗（Dark）、屋舍（House）、居民（Resident）、啟示錄（Apocalypse）、戰爭（War）、變種（Mutant）。這些片名用字指向大眾對「人」（human）之常態的質疑與恐懼。活屍象徵著，道德人性的變質、資源稀缺的搶奪、社會集體歇斯底里的害怕、全球戰爭的末日想像、對傳染病的恐懼、與基因科技的深層不信任。簡單來說，即是在技術、風險、生命權力、恐怖主義等等概念力量將社會質變後，活屍電影重新定義了「人」的存在狀態。
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▓ #倖存者的隱喻
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在分析活屍文本時，我時常將重點放在「活屍」本身，以其作為一種對當代社會的隱喻與批判視角，但事實上，那些在災難中倖存的人類，也是很重要，他們可能是反映人類在世界存在的方式，與社會重建的未來。倖存者的分類，依賴原本的社會資源，純淨的社會結構。倖存者可以分類成「#群眾」（Multitude）、「#超人類」（transhuman）、「#後人類」（post-human）。
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在「群眾」的情況下，大眾被與活屍連接在一起，你可以在大部分的電影中看到這樣的場景，人口過剩的新自由主義社會中，一方面不幸成為活屍的大眾在社會結構中無腦的重複動作，另一方面，倖存的群眾則試圖恢復舊秩序，或是，衝破各種機構的框架，例如種族、性別等。這樣的集體大眾合作，也表現在活屍路跑的活動場面中。
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而「超人類」，是一種思考未來的方式，許多超人主義理論家與倡導者希望運用理性、科學和技術，並在此基礎上減少貧困、疾病、殘疾和全球各類折磨人的疾病。在《惡靈古堡》電影中，女主角Alice受感染又轉基因，變成一個超越人類界限的賽博格（cyborg），如Donna Haraway在《賽博格宣言》裡說的一樣，女性的暴力是對所有中心主義的一種超越與破壞，拋棄了所有人的從屬角色。
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所謂「後人類」（post human）狀態，少了超人類的超越，更多的是重新思考與風險共處的例外狀態，然後形成一種生命風格。是對未來人類個體趨勢的一種觀察、推測與想像，最著名的經典是Francis Fukuyama的《後人類未來－基因工程的人性浩劫》，他強調技術革命將帶來人類社會的終極改變，其中包含了道德界線的瓦解，與社會集體暴力的來臨。Ira Livingston與Judith Halberstam則描繪「後人類」是科技的設計，是藏有符碼傳染的軀體，是致命的肉身，人類不再屬於「人族」（the family of man），而是後人類的一員。諸多學者對人類個體的未來狀態有著不確定的憂慮，但也隱含重新思考的可能性。
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▓ #爆頭就對了
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在電玩《惡靈古堡》中，第一次將「生化武器」、「傳染病」、「病毒」等元素加入活屍文本。「這場流行病的傳染速度，比現代歷史上的任何疾病要快得多了。」在Covid-19的時代，在《惡靈古堡3》重製版（Resident Evil 3，2020）詭譎緊張的開場序曲中的這句話，令每一個身處在現在的玩家深深感到遊戲文本與現實生活之間的巧合。從1996年誕生於日本Sony公司的遊戲開發部的《惡靈古堡》（Resident Evil），以大規模傳染與生化實驗為故事基礎，展開第一代成人玩家恐怖科幻視野，也是幾十年來活屍類型文本（zombie genre）的重要原型之一。
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《惡靈古堡》的核心是T-virus病毒，這種將人類變異成活屍的虛構感染，讓玩家無論是通過歐式豪宅、非洲村落、亞州公寓，每一集都有。就算到了《惡靈古堡：村莊》（Resident Evil Village）的羅馬尼亞風格民間故事中，都還是可以碰見邪惡集團Umbrella Corporation，因為製造生化武器，而開啟的活屍末日。但對於《惡靈古堡》而言，一開始幾代你還會期待是有解藥的，可以回到末日前的社會。但最近的幾代，主角與活屍的距離開始混淆不清。
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▓ #活屍就是對晚期資本主義的屍檢
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又或者是《屍速列車》裡，列車上的病毒傳染末日最可怕的敵人除了活屍之外，還包括各種延伸出來的危機狀況，像是對糧食、飲用水、衛生的不信任，大量流竄的、囂張的、與恐慌的活人才是真正致命的對手。這些由活屍想像延伸出來的情境，全都指向全球化晚期資本主義下的災難，社會失序、病毒感染、生化戰爭、病毒疫苗突變等。
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此外，《屍速列車》是一部很特別的電影，它的成功，正是奠基在韓國的徹底失敗上，的確，電影中所提及的「世越號沈船事件」、「MERS疫情」等真實事件，都體現了導演在韓國社會中的生活經歷，看見了韓國階層文化的不公平、國家體系的失常、經濟壓力下，人們渴望「逃跑」。所以我們看到《屍速列車》裡有不同群體之間的權力關係，例如資本家對雇員的指使、社會對高齡的排擠等；也看到軍隊體系的暴亂之力；一節節的車廂裡的失序場景，反而在極端的條件下將韓國的社會秩序表現了出來。而失速的列車也逃往向釜山，一個韓國經濟的重量級災區。
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其他的電影如《活人生吃》、《毀滅倒數28天》也時常描繪「商場裡的消費活屍」、「倖存者的險惡競爭」、「資源的匱乏」、「極具才能的才德至上英雄」、「巨大邪惡的企業（與科學家）」、「失能又極權的軍政複合體」，也時常是活屍電影的重要場景。都很像是對晚期資本主義的一場場屍檢。
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▓ #人與非人的共生的遊牧主義
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活屍片通常很短，觀眾看到的只是一個傳染的展開片段，但如果像是《陰屍路》這種發展很長的篇幅，就可以看人們開始嘗試展開新的生活。有趣的是，活屍科幻電影看似悲觀，這些倖存者卻總為未來社會帶來希望，追尋一個新的社會結構。例如《屍速列車》，電影中主角孔劉與其他人物的關係描繪得十分飽滿。一個故事由主角構成，主角本身卻又由許許多多的其他人構成，互動來去，在情緒、情感、合作策略的各種人際關係行為中，維繫了「人」存在於這個世界末日的價值。又或者是超級長篇《陰屍路》、被罵翻的《最後生存者2》，到後來已經展開各種活屍末日的生活共同體實驗，活屍末日是新世界的開始，在這個世界中「沒有強而有力的中央政府或傳統的社會建制，只有一群剛強的倖存者」（林宛瑄，2017）。
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剝去感官主義的票房刺激，我們可以思考，在當代流行文化中被大量產出的殭屍文本，也許並不是我們恐懼上述的「後人類怪物」，而是我們每個人心中都有一個具殭屍，他提醒著當代人類身上存在著「跨界性」，我們必須要在無法可管的條件（社會變動太過劇烈）下創造新的律法。這是「後人類」的啟蒙，在最狂暴卻又極度管制的的區域中重新創造「人」的存在。
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▓ #解放式災難的契機
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我們可以用哲學家Giorgio Agamben的「例外狀態」（state of exception）來解釋這活屍延伸出來的後人類思考。在活屍科幻電影鋪成的過程中逐漸展開視域，可以發現空間與政治、生命與法律、混亂與正常之間已經失去清楚界線，這種「例外狀態」標示著當代社會型態的狂暴與管制、安全與風險的共存。而就是因為《李屍朝鮮》、《陰屍路》、《屍速列車》、《惡靈古堡》以及其他的活屍類型文本中，存在著活屍的暴力性、動物性、去道德化，反而強化了主角與其他角色之間社會關係，那些是人性的脆弱、難得的尊重與無私的互動，這些是維護「人」所存在的最後理由。「最後生存者」，這種新的存在方式，不純然是對非人狀態的拋棄恐懼，更可以是一種共振、共活（想想看這兩年的全球疫情）。
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所以，活屍文本可以反映Ulrich Beck（周桂田、徐健銘，2016）提出的「解放式災難」，災難的風險可能帶來變革與解放的契機。「活屍」給我們一種壓力，一種啟事，一種警告，告訴我們自己即將面臨（或正處於）例外世界，承認當代人類個體已然是各種跨界性的混合體，但我們依然盡力地維護著人性的價值與個體安全的保證，在可能是最壞的未來情境裡，持續重新定義人類存在的意義。

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📕 #參考文獻
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1. 周桂田、徐健銘（2016）。進擊的世界風險社會挑戰。二十一世紀雙月刊。

2. 林宛瑄（2017）。我們就是喪屍:《 陰屍路》 中的喪屍末日與再創生。英美文學評論。

3. Fukuyama, F. (2006). The end of history and the last man. Simon and Schuster.

4. Halberstam, J. (1995). Ira Livingston, eds. 1995. Posthuman Bodies.

5. Reed, D., & Penfold-Mounce, R. (2015). Zombies and the sociological imagination: The walking dead as social-science fiction. In The zombie renaissance in popular culture (pp. 124-138). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

【國立臺灣大學 109學年度畢業典禮 貴賓致詞】
Commencement Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021

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巨大集團 羅祥安前執行長
Giant Group Former CEO Anthony Lo

管校長，羅副校長，各位貴賓，畢業生的家長跟朋友們，還有今天最重要的2021年臺大的畢業生，大家早安、大家好！

首先恭喜你們，今天從全世界最優秀大學之一的臺灣大學畢業了！
在過去幾年，在管校長，以「大學教改」和「國際化」的理念，率領全體師生的努力之下，臺大在全世界的能見度，和各項排名，都有顯著的進步，也讓身為校友的我們倍感光榮。

是不是我們大家一起鼓掌，給自己鼓勵一下好不好！

你們今天剛剛畢業，但是你們已經創造了臺大一項新的紀錄：第一次，沒有傳統畢業典禮的畢業生。這將是你們人生一個非常特別的回憶，也預表了你們未來將會有與眾不同的表現，和非凡的成就。

現在的世界，局勢是在東方跟西方的勢力，彼此對抗而動盪不安。而全世界的經濟活動，也因為科技的突破性創新，而受到很大的影響。不盡理想的、不盡公平的全球化，也將逐漸地變成 全球在地化。而COVID-19肆虐全球的結果，使得臺灣跟全世界，大家的生活型態、社會的結構、經濟活動的節奏都被打亂了，而必須要加以全面的整理跟重新的架構。這當然是一個危機，但是更是一個絕好的機會。所以，將你們迎面而來的，是無數的創新的機會，以及冒險卻令人興奮的全新挑戰。

因為臺灣，這是第一次跟全世界各個國家，同步的站在一個嶄新的共同起跑點上面。所以我要恭喜你們，你們躬逢其會，將要進入一個充滿希望、嶄新的時代。

我是1969年從臺大畢業的，所以我想今天就以我畢業之後的50多年，人生的一些學習和體會，來跟諸位分享，給諸位作個參考。

當我大學畢業的時候，我滿懷抱負，迫不及待地想要大展身手，我當時進入臺灣最大的貿易公司工作，但是我發現我所學的很多東西，只有一些國際貿易的實務跟英文有用，至於其他我所學習到的經營管理的很多知識，恐怕都要等到10年、20年之後，如果我有幸當上高級主管才能派上用場。

更諷刺的是，我是商學系畢業的，但是工作兩年後，我發現我真的不喜歡做商人，我也不喜歡做生意，我有興趣的是做事業。

後來，幸好我有聆聽我心裡面的微弱的聲音，決定踏進自行車業，放棄掉台北最好的貿易公司的金飯碗，而去參加在大甲一個只有38個人的小公司，來追求我的夢想。

那時候許多人認為我腦筋有問題，頭殼壞去，但現在回顧回來，我當時是做了人生一個非常好的決定。

創業的過程飽受艱辛，但是我也學到了很多寶貴的經驗：我首先學到的，是在做事之前，必須要先學做人。

人必須要誠信踏實，不能自私自利，而要利他共好。

要隨時心存感恩，尊重、關切別人。要熱愛這個世界，並且要了解到一個人的能力是有限的，而必須要去建立互信、互助的人際關係；要融入群體、要發揮團隊的精神。

在做事方面，一定要以正面積極的態度，認真努力去工作。 而且不要怕失敗，要勇於接受新的挑戰。因為如果有失敗了，那只是代表說你又更靠近成功一步了。要作中學，學中作，要虛心好奇的終身學習，開拓挑戰、追求卓越。

在這裡，我想要送給大家一個很特別的畢業禮物，就是兩個「成功的錦囊」。
第一個錦囊：不管你做什麼工作，不論你職務的高低，永遠都要站在顧客的立場，來為他們設想，還能做什麼，讓他們能夠得到更多的創新價值。

第二個錦囊：無論作什麼工作，不管你職務的高低，永遠都要站在經營者的角度來為公司設想，要做什麼，才能讓公司更健康，永續經營跟發展。

既使你們把我後面講的很多東西都忘記了，沒關係，但是這個畢業禮物你們一定要記得帶回去，因為這些「同理心」的兩個錦囊，在未來會給你們帶來意想不到的祝福！

其次我體會到，名跟利都是副產品。正產品是你成為什麼樣的人，成就什麼樣的事。當正產品是對的時候，名跟利都自然會來。

所以我鼓勵大家在找工作的時候，不要太計較開始的薪水和待遇。因為事實上，一個新人，在前面三年是很難有大的貢獻的，反過來只是公司發薪水來給你培訓而已。所以選擇一個有意義的行業，找一家你可以學習進步的好公司，這才是重要的。

第三，我學習到 知識不等於智慧。諸位都學有專精，有很多寶貴的知識，但這些知識必須要實際去做才能夠產生經驗，而累積的時候會有不同經驗的反省、學習、跟體會，尤其是從那些失敗的經 驗，才能夠漸漸地凝結成有用的智慧。
我的成長過程分成三段，開始我是一個「I」型的人，我擁有一些經營管理的基本的能力。後來因為工作的需要和我的好奇心，我漸漸地學習到技術開發、製造生產、品牌推廣、全球經營、以及行銷、服務等等寶貴的經驗，這樣漸漸地，我就形成一個「T」型的一個跨界的人才。但是到了我真正找到公司未來的使命跟方向，並且把它跟我的人生目標結合在一起，熱情的、積極去推動的時候，那時候我終於成為一個「十字架」型的一個領導者。

當公司發展得比較穩定之後，我就面臨要如何來替公司規劃願景、使命、定位，跟長期策略。在這個階段，我有一些新的體會：首先，你必須要能夠畫出一個「黃金正三角形」，正三角形是最穩定的，上面是戰略，中間是戰術，下面是戰鬥。先要有正確的戰略，才能衍伸出有效的戰術，再根據這個戰術去貫徹戰鬥的執行。換言之，戰略就是做對的事情，戰術就是對的方法，戰鬥就是用對的方法去把事情做對做好，並且不斷地去持續改善。

想要能夠思考出長期的戰略，就必須要有洞察力。

我很喜歡看地球儀，就是那種在一個架子上面，有一個可以轉動的地球模型。當你把地球轉動的時候，你看到上面每一個地方、每一個國家，它的地理位置、它的自然生態，以及你思考它的歷史的演變跟它的發展，這樣子你就能夠得出一個整體的，跟全方位的一個概念。

在思考長期戰略的時候，很不容易得出一個有突破性的一個創見，它的原因往往是因為「當局者迷」的關係。

所以當我考慮長期戰略的時候，我會把自己設想，好像從一個人造衛星上面，來觀看一個轉動的地球。以宇宙格局的高度，以全球視野的廣度，以歷史演進的長度，這樣子你就能夠以一個「旁觀者清」的姿態和角度，來正面、反面深入思考，這樣子你就可能得到一個突破性的一個解答。「世界的捷安特」跟「全球在地化」的品牌經營—這樣子的策略、願景就是這樣產生的。

另外一種洞察力，是如何推出給人們有創新價值的產品跟服務。這就要時時地站在人文跟科技的十字路口，仔細觀察它們的變化，然後活用科技的進步，為人文潛在的需求，適時地提供最佳的解決方案。捷安特的Cycling世界，就是用這種方法，不斷的推出創新價值的產品。

我們在經營上也有發展出一個特別的理念，那就是「不求第一，要作惟一」。全世界的人這麼多，但沒有兩個人的指紋是一樣的， 所以每一個人都是獨一無二、都是惟一的。可見當上帝造每一個人的時候，祂都有衪特別的計劃，而且也把成功所需要的能力跟要素，已經放在你的心中，等待你取用。所以每一個人不應該只是模仿別人，或者是按照別人的期望來生活，而應該要找出並且發揮自己的天賦，真正做自己，成為惟一，才能夠活出精采的生命。

企業也是一樣，不能隨波逐流，必須要找出什麼才是對的，什麼是合適你的，什麼才是有意義、對這個世界有貢獻的，這個才是惟一。當你精益求精，努力的想要成為惟一的時侯，你才能夠找到真正正確的目標，以及永續生存的價值。如果事事都想為第一，那麼你可能去追求很多不切實際的目標，而被你無法承受的巨大壓力所摧毀。或者，因為不擇手段，最後走上一些錯誤的道路。
在長期追求惟一的過程當中，我也得到兩個重要的體會：當你決心做一件對的事情，而且不屈不撓，勇敢堅持奮鬥的時候，全宇宙的力量都會起來幫助你。另外，把一件有意義的事情，用生命的力量把它作好，你就有可能改變這個世界！

我鼓勵你們，聆聽你們內心深處的微小的聲音，讓它引導你們，去尋找到你們的天賦，了解你們的命定。

不求第一，要作惟一。做你真正的自己，成為惟一。活出你精彩的生命，享受你幸福的人生！

很多人說，生長在臺灣的人，一輩子裡面一定要完成三項挑戰：登玉山、泳渡日月潭、還有騎自行車環島。我覺得這非常有道理。所以我建議大家在畢業以後，在去當兵、就業之前，不妨參加一個自行車環島的旅行團，用九天的時間，仔細的去體會、欣賞寶島臺灣的美好，用自行車的輪胎去親吻，這塊生你長你的美麗大地，就當作是送給你自己的一個畢業禮物吧！

那教授們跟家長們，可能會想說，啊！太可惜了，我畢業的時候沒有騎自行車環島，我現在已經五六十歲了。沒關係，你這個年紀正好來從事人生的壯遊。
我們臺大的校長－管校長，在今年的一月份，就勇敢的完成他夢寐以求的自行車環島的壯遊。我們給管爺一個掌聲好不好？

有人認為臺灣很小、沒有前途，真的是這樣嗎？世界經濟論壇每年都要把全世界的國家的實力做一個調查跟排名。讓我們來看一下臺灣的排名。全世界有235個國家，就面積來講，我們排名第137；就人口來講，第57；就經濟體來講，第21；就整體競爭力來講，排名第11；而創新力，臺灣排名第4。沒錯，臺灣的確不大，但是我們很強，我們可以很有前途！

可預見的，未來的世界將會成為美、歐、亞三區鼎力的這個新局面。就像三個圓圈，各自都以自己的利益為優先，並且彼此長期的競爭、對抗和抵制，但是同時又不得不相互的維持一些必要的連結。而在每一個圈裡面，它將持續的有很多劇烈的改變，就像一個暴風圈一樣。而這三個暴風圈連結在一起，就形成一個所謂完全風暴PERFECT STORM。

最近經濟學人雜誌，把臺灣當作封面，稱臺灣為地球上最危險的地方，但同時又是科技業最關鍵的地方。我個人倒認為，未來臺灣可能是處在一個最有利的地位，就在那三個暴風圈中間的那個颱風眼，也就是這三個圈圈彼此連結交會的中心點。這個地方看起來好像危險，其實是最安全、最有利、又是最關鍵的地方。

當三個暴風圈無可避免的，參與在一個長期的競爭、對抗、跟抵制－這樣一個零和的賽局裡面。那臺灣並不屬於任何一個圈圈，也不需要去參與這些競爭、對抗跟抵制。而可以去想說，我可以在這個關鍵的中心點，替這個世界來提供什麼樣子的創新價值的貢獻。

臺灣過去50年的努力累積了很多技術開發、製造管理、金融資本，社會資源，以及民主法治體制，這些稀有而寶貴的實力。而且如果以全世界作為舞台，那麼，能夠精通中文跟英文、能夠深切的了解東方西方的文化；有專業，又能跨界，謙卑而不自卑，自信而不自大的臺灣人，可能是全世界最優秀的人才。

未來無法被預測，但是可以被創造！30年前，有誰能夠預測到說臺灣會產生世界級的台積電跟捷安特？

台積電秉持著作惟一的理念，以全球晶圓代工的戰略，厚植實力，打造了優質高效的供應鏈，把臺灣變成一個科技島。以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界的半導體市場。

捷安特也秉持著作惟一的理念，以世界的捷安特，全球在地化的品牌戰略，帶領A-Team把臺灣變成全世界高級車的中心，又積極的推動Cycling的新文化，把臺灣發展成一個自行車島，以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界自行車的市場。
在這裡我也期許我們臺大，也能夠以作惟一這樣子的理念，轉動引領世界，變成全世界最優秀人才培養的最佳搖籃。

未來的50年，臺灣將迎來前所未有最大的機運！所以臺灣是不是應該要脫離過去單純競爭的心態，而來積極的謀求長期的未來生存之道，或者更進一步要問自己：臺灣可以為世界貢獻些什麼？臺灣不應該只是消極的「根留臺灣」，而應該更主動積極的「放眼全球、立足亞太、深根臺灣」。

臺灣過去的50年，那是一個非常艱辛跟特別的階段。很慶幸的，臺灣在那個階段裡面，是屬於勝利的這一組。

現在是應該到了必須要了解過去、深入現在、策劃未來，這個重要關鍵的時刻。要如何的以宇宙格局的高度、以全球視野的廣度、以及歷史演進的長度，衡外情，量己力，來為臺灣重新的定位，重新畫一個正確的戰略、戰術、戰鬥的黃金三角形。讓臺灣能夠真正發揮自己的長處，能夠打造創新價值的優勢，成為惟一、做Only One！要能夠創造一個更安全、更廣闊、更興盛－全新的藍海。臺灣必須要成為世界的好公民，繼續的為全世界做更多、更好的貢獻！
2021的畢業生們，在你們當中有未來國家的領導人、有全球企業的創造者、有在社會各行各業、方方面面的核心人才，所以臺灣未來50年的未來，就掌握在你們手中了。

最後，我想用一位著名科學家的名言來作結尾： Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. 人生就像騎自行車，要保持你平衡最好的方法，就是繼續不斷地向前進。

你知道這是誰的名言嗎？ 沒錯，就是愛因斯坦！

2021的畢業生們，請你騎上你人生的自行車，勇敢的向前邁進，去開創你獨一無二、精彩無比的新生命跟未來。再一次，恭喜你們，並且祝福你們每一位，將來都能夠有健康、幸福、精彩跟有意義的人生！
謝謝！

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==============================

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President Kuan, Executive Vice President Luo, Distinguished guests, family, friends, and most importantly, the graduating class of 2021, good morning!

First of all, congratulations! Today, you are graduating from one of the best universities in the world – National Taiwan University!

Over the last few years, President Kuan led the university forward with his vision of “educational reform” and internationalization”. Together with all the faculty and students, NTU has made significant progress in both ranking and global visibility, making us, alumni, extremely proud.

I think we deserve to give ourselves a round of applause!

You are the graduating class of 2021 and already, you have set a new record for NTU: For the first time, there will not be a traditional graduation ceremony. Let this be a very special memory of your life and a sign of the difference you will make in your future with extraordinary achievements.

The world is now in a volatile state where the East and the West are confronting each other. The world’s economic activities are also greatly affected by the breakthrough and innovations in technology. The less-than-ideal and less-than fair globalization will gradually become global localization. And as a result of COVID-19, Taiwan and the rest of the world’s lifestyle, social structure, and economy have been disrupted, and must be comprehensively reorganized and restructured. This is certainly a crisis, but in the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity. So, what lies before you are countless opportunities for innovation, and exciting new challenges.

Because, for the first time, Taiwan is standing with the rest of the world on a new race-track. Therefore, I would like to congratulate you, you are entering a new era full of hope.

I graduated from NTU in 1969. It has been more than 50 years and today, I would like to share some of my life experiences and insights.

When I graduated from college, I was filled with ambition. I couldn’t wait to make my mark. I joined one of the largest trading companies in Taiwan, where I quickly realized the only materials I learned in school that came in handy are a little bit of international trade practices and English. Much of what I had learned about business management would only be relevant 10 or 20 years down the road, if I was lucky enough to become a senior executive.

What’s even more ironic is that I graduated with a degree in business, but after working for 2 years, I realize I really don’t like being a businessman, and I don’t like doing business. What I am actually interested in is building an enterprise.

Fortunately, I chose to listen to the faint voice in my heart and decided to enter the bicycle industry. I left my position at the best trading company in Taipei to join a small company with only 38 employees in Dajia to pursue my dream.

At the time, many people thought I must’ve broken my skull and gone crazy, but looking back, I have made a great decision in my life.

The process of starting my own enterprise has been very difficult, but I have learned many valuable lessons. The first thing I learned is that before you can do anything else, you have to learn to be a person of good character.

We must be honest, down to earth, selfless, self-serving, and altruistic for the common good.

Be grateful, respectful and caring at all times. To love the world and to understand that one person’s ability is limited and that is necessary to build interpersonal relationships of mutual trust and support; to be part of a group and to play as a team.

When it comes to work, you must work hard with a positive attitude. And don’t be afraid to fail, be brave enough to accept new challenges. Because every time you fail, it just means you are one step closer to success. Learning is an active process. We learn by doing. We must stay open-minded and curious, aspiring to lifelong learning; to explore challenges and pursue excellence.

Here I would like to give everyone a special graduation gift, which are my two tips for success:
First, always put yourself in the customer’s shoes, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold. Think for them, think about what else you can do to create more value for the customers.

Second, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold, always think about the company from the proprietor’s point of view; what can we do to build a healthier company that’s sustainable.

Even if you are going to forget everything I say later, that’ ok. Just remember to take your graduation gift at heart, because these two tips on “empathy “are sure to bring you unexpected blessings in the future!

Later on, I realized that fame and money are merely byproducts. The real product is you, what kind of person you have become and what have you achieved. When the real product is identified, fame and money will come naturally.

So I encourage you, when you look for a job, don’t be too concerned about the starting salary and benefits. Because as a matter of fact, as a newcomer, it is very difficult to make a big contribution in the first three years, so really the company is paying to give you training instead. So choose a meaningful industry and find a good company where you can improve and grow, that’s what’s important.

Thirdly, I learned that knowledge is not the same as wisdom. All of you have learned a lot and have a lot of valuable knowledge, but this knowledge must be practiced in order to produce experience, and in the process of accumulation, there will be different experiences of reflection, learning and empathy, especially from failure, slowly and surely all these experiences will be condensed into useful wisdom.

My personal development can be divided into three stages. I began as a I-shaped person with some basic skills in business management. Later on, due to my job and curiosity, I gained respected experience in technology development, manufacturing, branding, global marketing, and service and thus gradually becoming a T-shape multidisciplinary professional.

However, when I combined the future mission and direction of the company with my life goals, promoting it enthusiastically and actively, that is when I finally became a X-shape transdisciplinary leader.

Once the company became more stable, I was faced with the challenge of planning the vision, mission, positioning, and long-term strategy for the company. At this stage, I had some new insights.

First, you must be able to draw a “golden triangle”, an equilateral triangle is the most stable shape with strategy on top, tactics in the middle, and operations at the bottom. In other words, the strategy is to do the right thing, the tactics is the using the right methods, and operations is using the right methods to excel on doing the right things while constantly improving them.

To develop long-term strategies, it is necessary to have insight.

I enjoy looking at the globe, yes, the spherical model of Earth that sits on a stand and can be rotated. When you rotate the globe, you can see every place and country on it, its geographical location, its natural ecology, and you can think about its historical evolution and development, so that you can come up with an overall comprehensive concept.

When thinking about long-term strategy, it is not easy to come up with a groundbreaking idea, because “men are often blind in their own cause”

Therefore, when I think about long-term strategy, I imagine myself as if I were looking at a rotating Earth from a man-made satellite. With the height of the universe, the breadth of global vision and the length of historical evolution, you will be able think about it from the perspective of an observer, and then you may have a breakthrough. This is how the strategy and vision of “GIANT for the World” and “glocalization” brand management came about.

Another kind of insight is how to introduce the products and services to create additional value to people. This requires standing at the crossroads of humanity and technology, observing their changes carefully, and then using technological advances to provide the best solutions for the potential needs of humanity in a timely manner. This is how GIANT’s Cycling World continues to introduce innovative values to its products.

We have also developed a special philosophy in our business, which is “don’t be the first one, be the only one”. There are so many people in the world, but no two people share the same fingerprints, making each person unique and one of a kind. God created each person with purpose and has gifted us with the abilities and elements needed for success. All of which is in your heart, waiting for you to take them. Therefore, we should not just follow each other’s footstep or live under the expectations of someone else. Instead, we should find and give reigns to our talents, to truly be ourselves, to become the only one and live a brilliant life.

The same applies to businesses, you can’t just go with the flow, we must find what is right and suitable and what is meaningful and contributive to the world, this is what it means to be the only one. When you strive for excellence and strive to be the only one, you will find the right goals and the value of sustainability. If you try to be first in everything, you may pursue many unrealistic goals and either be destroyed by unbearable pressure or resort to doing whatever it takes, and end up on the wrong path.

I have learned two important lessons in my long quest to be the “only one”. When you are determined to do the right thing and you are unyielding and persistent in your struggle, the power of the universe will rise up and help you. In addition, if you do something meaningful and do it well with the power of life, you may change the world.

I urge you to listen to the small voice deep within you and let it guide you to find your talents and understand your destiny.

Do not seek to be the first but to be the only. Be true to yourself and be the only one. Live your life to the fullest and enjoy your life to the fullest!

Many people say that growing up in Taiwan, you must complete three challenges in your lifetime: climb to the top of Jade Mountain, swim across Sun Moon Lake, and ride a bike around the island. I think this is very true. Therefore, I suggest that after graduation, before you go to the military or get a job, you might as well join a bicycle tour around the island and spend nine days to carefully experience and appreciate the beauty of Taiwan. As a graduation gift to yourself, let the tires kiss the beautiful land where you were born and raised.

All the professors and parents must be thinking in regret, “Ah! Too bad! I didn’t ride my bike around the island when I graduated and now I’m already in my 50s and 60s…” But that’s okay! You are actually at the perfect age to start your adventurous life.

Our President of NTU, President Kuan bravely completed his dream bike tour around the island in January this year. Let’s give President Kuan a round of applause!

Some people think that Taiwan is small and has no future. Every year, the World Economic Forum conducts a survey and ranking of the strength of countries around the world. Let’s take a look at Taiwan’s ranking. There are 235 countries in the world and we rank 137th in terms of landmass, 57th in terms of population, 21st in terms of economy, 11th in terms of overall competitiveness, and 4th in terms of innovation. It’s true that Taiwan is not big, but we are strong and we have a promising future.

In the foreseeable future there will become a new situation in which the United States, Europe and Asia will be the three focal regions. Just like three circles, each of which prioritizes its own interests and is in long-term competition, confrontation and resistance, but at the same time has to maintain some necessary links with each other. And in each circle, drastic changes will be endless, just like a storm circle. These three storm circles are linked together to form a so-called PERFECT STORM.

The Economist magazine recently featured Taiwan on its cover, calling it the most dangerous place on earth, but at the same time the most critical place for the technology industry. Personally, I think that Taiwan may be in the most favorable position in the future, right in the middle of the three storm circles, the eye of the typhoon, which is the center point where these three circles are connected. This place seems dangerous, but in fact it is the safest, most favorable, and most critical place.

When the three storm circles are inevitably involved in a long-term competition, confrontation, and boycott - a zero-sum game. Taiwan does not belong to any of these circles, nor does it need to participate in these competitions, confrontations, and boycotts. Instead, situated in this critical position, I should begin to think about what kind of innovative value I can provide to the world.

Taiwan's efforts over the past 50 years have accumulated many rare and valuable strengths in technology development, manufacturing management, financial capital, social resources, and the democratic rule of law system. If the world is our stage, Taiwanese people who are proficient in Chinese and English, who have a deep understanding of Eastern and Western cultures, who are professional, who can cross borders, who are humble but not inferior, and who are confident but not arrogant, may be the best talents in the world.

The future cannot be predicted, but it can be created! 30 years ago, who could have predicted that Taiwan would produce globally renowned TSMC and GIANT?
TSMC is committed to the concept of being the only one, and has built up its strengths with its global foundry strategy, creating a high-quality and efficient supply chain and turning Taiwan into a technology island. With Taiwan as the core, TSMC is leading the worldwide semiconductor market.

GIANT also upholds the concept of "Be the only one" and leads the A-Team to turn Taiwan into the center of the world's premium bikes with the brand strategy of globalization and localization, and actively promotes the new culture of cycling, developing Taiwan into a cycling island and leading the world's cycling market with Taiwan as the core.

Here I also hope that we, NTU, can also lead the world with the concept of being the only one, and become the best cradle for the cultivation of the best talents in the world.

In the next 50 years, Taiwan will have the greatest opportunity ever! Therefore, Taiwan should get rid of the simple competitive mentality of the past and actively seek the long-term survival of the future, or go even further and ask itself: What can Taiwan contribute to the world? Taiwan should not just "secure Taiwan" in a conservative way, but should be more proactive with global outlook and establish a foothold in the Asia Pacific.

The last 50 years, for Taiwan, has been very difficult and significant. Fortunately, Taiwan pulled through and came out as one of the winners.

Now is the crucial moment to understand the past, delve into the present, and plan for the future. We must take the height of the universe, the breadth of our global vision, and the length of historical evolution, weigh the external situation, and measure our own strengths to reposition Taiwan and draw the golden triangle of strategy, tactics, and operations. Taiwan should be able to give full play to its strengths, create innovative value, and become the only one! Taiwan must become a good citizen of the world and continue to make more and better contributions to the world!

Graduates of 2021, among you are the future leaders of the country, the creators of global enterprises, and the core talents in all walks of life, the future is in your hands.
Finally, I would like to conclude with a quote from a famous scientist: Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.

Do you know who this quote belongs to? That's right, Einstein!

Graduates of 2021, please get ready for your life adventure, get on your bikes and peddle courageously forward to create your own unique and exciting future. Again, congratulations and best wishes to each and every one of you for a healthy, happy, and meaningful life!

Thank you!

詳見：
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718162161807541

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#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #貴賓致詞 #羅祥安

What makes an essay well-written? Well, every essay needs a good structure, and every good structure needs a good introduction! An essay is like an extravagant meal - you start off with a strong appetiser, and you will be drawn in instantly. Make sure your essay’s 'appetiser' is clear, concise, and gives the reader a teaser of what the essay is all about. And of course, make sure the introduction gives you a good start on the goal of your essay, whether that be to educate, discuss, or persuade!

But don’t pour all of your effort into making a single introduction. The real content of your essay is found in its main body. Again, follow a structure to make it all as clear as possible, but don’t just fill up the paragraphs with meaningless fluff! Like your 'appetiser', your 'main course' must be concise and really fill you up. Dive straight into your topic and explore all the relevant points.

And of course, nothing tops a meal off better than a refreshing dessert! In terms of the essay, your conclusion will be your dessert. The introduction and conclusion are actually quite similar - your dessert is not there just as a goodbye, but it’s there to round everything up and bring things to a logical end. And because it’s the last thing you read, it needs to leave the reader with a good memory of the whole experience - that’s what good conclusions consist of.

So the next time you’re faced with the task of writing an essay, just remember: try and treat your reader to a nice three-course meal at a fancy restaurant for optimal results!

Happy writing,
O. Mukhtar O. Mukhlis
#theomarmukhtar
#BonAppetitEssays
#EssayWritingTips

Chinese Vocabulary for Beginners | ORDERING IN A RESTAURANT 📚🤗✍
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“Thanks to you, our tears have ended. Now, we can start to dream”- a student from our PoP school.

Four years ago, I decided to do things differently and humbly asked you all to join me on this mission.

5 schools later, here we are. All thanks to your kindness, 3469 student’s lives have been impacted.

I was blessed to go on a Pencils Of Promise field trip in Ghana to see our impact in person. It was everything I dreamed and more. It was absolutely surreal seeing our students and teachers. I will never forget the kind faces, beautiful smiles and grateful hugs.

When we build schools, we’re not just building a physical structure, we also build up a child's confidence, dreams and goals. We build up communities, potential and standard of life.

I hope we don’t stop here, if anything it inspires and compels us to keep building. There are plenty of underprivileged children who are deserving of quality education and water.

Big love to my Pencils Of Promise family for being super accommodating throughout the entire field trip.





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