關於 free trade area ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【趁這陣，布局非洲新金磚 ✨】

13 億人口
全球第二大洲
全世界最大的自由貿易區
朋友們~ 讓我們一起 #布局非洲 吧 👊🏻

2019 #非洲大陸自由貿易區協定 (AfCFTA) 生效
替生機無限的 #黑色大陸 注入強勁的經濟動能！
2020 因為有效防堵 #武漢肺炎
而成為全球極少數經濟正成長的 #台灣
當然不會錯過非洲這一趴囉～😏

🐘 但是 ...
該如何善用 #AfCFTA 切入非洲市場？
怎樣掌握 #東南非共同市場 (COMESA)？
#三方自由貿易區協定 (TFTA) 又該如何適用呢？

為了幫台商解題 📝
#魔法部 國經司與 #國經協會 再度聯手
舉辦「布局非洲新金磚系列 II」─
「運用非洲區域經濟整合拓展非洲新市場」研討會
邀集 60 多位學者專家們和曾在非洲經商的台商
包括 中華經濟研究院WTO及RTA中心、區域發展研究中心、國立中興大學 National Chung Hsing University非洲產業研究中心、銓寶工業股份有限公司、杏醫有限公司、Leiyueh Co. 雷耀企業、WowAfrica阿非卡 等
一起分享經驗、貢獻智慧 🤯
設法突破台灣投資非洲的各種障礙！

#經貿外交
#堅靭之島

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement is the largest #FreeTradeArea in the world to be established since the founding of the WTO and provides a great opportunity for Taiwanese businesses to find new markets and investment opportunities on the second largest continent in terms of population and landmass!

MOFA recently held a conference introducing #RegionalEconomicIntegration initiatives in #Africa like the #AfCFTA, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (#COMESA) and the proposed Tripartite Free Trade Area (#TFTA) to help business people in #Taiwan get a better understanding of the 1.3 billion-strong African market.

I have recently perused Nicholas Kristof’s NYT piece “China’s Man in Washington, Named Trump”(https://nyti.ms/3h2JXh8). One paragraph in particular caught my attention: “A joke in China suggests that Trump’s Chinese name is Chuan Jianguo, or “Build-the-Country Trump.” That’s because Build-the-Country is a common revolutionary name among Communist patriots, and it’s mockingly suggested that Trump’s misrule of the United States is actually bolstering Xi’s regime.”

Kristoff also avows that since Trump’s ascension to presidency, the American nation became highly polarized. This is reflected in the current administration’s policies on climate change, foreign relations with established U.S. allies, and COVID-19 prevention, all of which are rather ineffective. It also seems like Mr. Trump and his team diverged from the traditional priorities, including promoting free trade, human rights, and other quintessentially American values. As described thoroughly by John Bolton, all these factors contributed to the declining standing of the U.S. in global politics.

What is more, many people fall prey to CCP’s propaganda and its interpretations of Trump’s actions, which only enhances China’s reputation.

But that might not exactly be the case.

The CCP apparently failed to utilize the window of opportunity created by the ineptness of the Trump administration, as China could have grown to the position of a leader by filling in the void left by the U.S.

During the 2016 APEC Ministerial Meeting in Lima, Peru, Xi Jinping and his team actively supported the plans to establish the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and a Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific, or FTAAP. In contrast, the United States withdrew its signature from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) in early 2017. Coupled with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank (AIIB), this move bolstered China’s capacity to influence global investments and trade, high-tech mergers and acquisitions, and, overall, expand its geostrategic influence on the entire globe.

At the same time, various propaganda films about great power competition, military industry, and science and technology surged all at once, and gained remarkable following around the world.

All this provided a window of opportunity for the CCP to slowly change its course. Around the same time, the distrust for POTUS among U.S. allies’ reached its apex. According to polls conducted by the Pew Research Center, the distrust for the U.S. president in the U.K. reached 75%, 72% in Japan, 70% in Australia, and stunning 86% in France.

Had the C.C.P,. begun to open up at that time, or at least resumed the governance style of the Hu-Wen administration, it could have reaped the benefits of promoting liberalism where the U.S. failed to deliver. It was the time for Beijing to gradually enhance freedom of speech domestically, pursue sustainable infrastructural projects, gradually reform unfair barriers to trade, transform its S.O.E.s, strengthen protections for private ownership, and vitalize its start-ups and enterprises.

Moreover, were China to cease the genocide in East Turkestan and refrain from cracking down on Hong Kong's semi-autonomy, it would have greatly enhanced its global international image. Additionally, if paired with slow but steady reforms, Beijing’s respect for sovereignty of its peoples would have attracted a large amount of foreign investment, which in turn would have continued to buttress the country’s growth.

It is China prerogative to remain idle.
It might still be possible for Chinese “Dream” to come true.
Yet, a historic window of opportunity is now closed.

Xi assumed the tools of proscribing and stalling, which are completely antithetical to the aforementioned window of opportunity.

Today, China is more authoritarian, less flexible, and fully deprived of horizontal accountability. Its reliance on wolf warrior diplomacy backfired: for example, the Swedish parliament sought to expel the Chinese ambassador to Stockholm. Also, Prague, the capital of Czechia, terminated its sister-city agreement with Shanghai and instead signed a new one with Taipei. Last but not least, we ought not to forget about the recent fiasco in the relations with the United States who ordered the shutdown of China’s consulate in Houston. All of this took its toll on China’s reputation.

Its international standing and inability to replace the U.S. as the major global power are not the only issues China is currently facing.
As it experiences multiple domestic and international shocks, China struggles to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and tame the disastrous floods of Yangtze River. The swarm of locusts of biblical proportions is also crippling Beijing’s institutional capacity and may soon lead to food shortages. In fact, the precarity of food supply further diminishes the level of trust for Chinese authorities.

In 2019, the Pew Research Center conducted a public opinion survey to examine the international views of China. In the U.S., Argentina, the U.K., Canada, Germany, and Ukraine, only about 30% of respondents claim a favorable view of China.

As the COVID-19 pandemic rages in the U.S., as many as 73% of U.S. respondents view China unfavorably.

Recently, the C.C.P. is losing its focus by continuously shifting targets. In fact, I believe there is no need for the C.C.P.to rely on nationalistic appeals, since in this new century values, business relations, and fair competition are all far more important than greater than delusive blood ties.
China lies only 130 kilometers away from us. Of course, we welcome dialogue and seek to avoid misjudgments. But we also distinguish between the C.C.P. and China. While we do welcome dialogue, but we will not be coerced to talk under unjust preconditions or in fear.

The only fair prerequisites are those of reciprocity, mutual respect as well as fairness and openness with respect for the rule of law.
Source: Pew Research Center

最近看到紐約時報中文版的一篇文章
<美國的川普，中國的「川建國」>，其中一小段是這樣的

「在中國，人們戲稱川普的中文名字是川建國。那是因為建國是共產黨愛國者中一個普遍的革命人名。它在諷刺地暗示川普對美國的治理不當實際上是在鞏固習近平的政權。」

裡面也提到，川普在任的幾年，國家更分裂，對於氣候變遷，傳統美國盟友，乃至於疫情處理等都相當拙劣，對於美國傳統的自由貿易、人權等價值也基本上都沒有太大興趣。這些方針，導致美國在世界的評價降低，波頓的新書也多有描述。

除此之外，許多不幸相信中共宣傳，又或者是中共圈養的小粉紅，特別故意愛宣傳川普增強中國的威望。

但這不是真的。

中共完全沒有掌握美國做得不夠好的地方，去增強其在世界的領導力。

在2016年時，秘魯的亞太峰會舉行期間，習近平政權爭取（RCEP）及亞太自由貿易區（FTAAP）談判；對比2017年初，美國剛宣布退出ＴＰＰ，加上中國到「一帶一路」和亞洲基礎設施投資銀行，中國當時在世界全面發揮投資貿易、高科技併購還有其地緣戰略的影響力。

也是那個時候，各種的大國崛起、大國軍工、大國科技的宣傳影片此起彼落，似乎正準備要在世界舞台發光發熱。

這曾經是中共慢慢轉向的一個機會之窗。彼時（2017)美國盟友對美國總統的不信任度達到歷史新高，根據皮尤研究中心的資訊，英國對於美國總統的不信任度達到75%、日本72% 澳洲70% 法國更高達86%

如果那時中共開始有限度的改革，對內放寬言論自由，或者至少維持在胡溫當時的水中，對外追求有責任的基礎建設，逐步緩慢減低不公平的貿易壁壘，對於國有企業改革，增強私營企業、新創企業的活力。

停止對新疆迫害，不干預香港自治，不僅國際形象會大幅改善，哪怕是緩慢但是穩健的改革，也會讓大量吸引外資，讓中國的活力持續前進。

哪怕是什麼都不做也好

那或許有這麽一點可能性，中國「夢」是可以前行的

但是歷史機緣的大門已經關上。

習、禁、停、放棄了這個機會之窗，徹底的走向相反的方向。

更專制、更沒有彈性，更沒有任何制衡的力量。各種戰狼外交，讓瑞典議員提案驅逐中國大使，捷克布拉格市長與台北簽訂姊妹是，就解散上海與該市關係、被美國關閉領事館、各種讓中國形象低下的事情，中共都沒有少做。

中共不但完全沒有辦法取代美國，在多重國內外的衝擊之下，又是瘟疫，又是超大水患，緊接著蝗害，還有進來的糧食不足問題，正在面臨巨大的瓶頸。

而糧食的命脈，卻恰恰又在對他最不信任，對中共價值最反對的國家聯盟

根據皮尤研究中心:Pew Research Center2019調查各國對中國的喜好度，美國、阿根廷、英國、加拿大、德國、烏克蘭等，對於中國的喜好度都在30%上下

而2020疫情後美國對於中國的不信任度，更高達73%。

最近中共在演習，又要玩轉移目標的手段，對於中共，其實不必再有民族主義的同情，因為新的世紀，價值、商業模式、公平競爭的制度大於血緣幻想。

中國離我們只有130公里的距離，我們當然歡迎對話，避免誤判。但我們同時也區分中共與中國，歡迎對話，但不在前提、條件、恐懼之下對話。

如果真的要有前提，那就是對等、尊重，還有公平公開法治的方式會晤。

資料來源：皮尤研究中心:Pew Research Center
（美國著名的民調機構和智庫機構，https://www.pewresearch.org/）

เซเนกัล จากอดีตเมืองท่าค้าทาส สู่ความท้าทายในปัจจุบัน /โดย ลงทุนแมน
ช่วงศตวรรษที่ 15 ถึงศตวรรษที่ 19 เปรียบเสมือนฝันร้ายของชาวแอฟริกัน
มหาอำนาจในยุคล่าอาณานิคมต่างเดินทางมาแอฟริกาเพราะต้องการ “แรงงานทาส”

หนึ่งในแหล่งค้าทาสที่สำคัญในสมัยนั้น คือประเทศที่มีเมืองหลวงตั้งอยู่ตะวันตกสุดของทวีปแอฟริกา...
Continue ReadingSenegal from former slave traffickers to current challenges / by Investing Man
The 15th to 19th century is like an African nightmare.
The power of colonial hunting era came to Africa because they wanted ′′ slave labor ′′

One of the major source of slave traffickers in those days is the country with capital in Africa's continent's far west.
named ′′ Republic of Senegal ′′

What story is this country going through
Investing man will tell you about it.
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There's a podcast to listen to on the go.
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Senegal name comes from Portuguese that means part of the water.
Due to the west land of the country adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean.

Senegal Capital called ′′ Dakar ′′ located west of the country and west of Africa.

Location is conducive to maritime trade
Dakar becomes the center of West Africa's major trade.

The first nation to set up a trade station is Portugal, the world colonial in the early era.
To exchange goods with African capitalists
Especially ′′ slave labor ′′
To apply to labor in Brazilian cane farm, Portugal colonies in those days.

Slaves in the African continent will be brought to Dakar.
Then boarded to an island called Gory.
A small island 3 km from Dakar city in the Atlantic Ocean.
To wait for exchange with another product
This island place is called ′′ House of Slaves

After Portugal, the power of those days took over this island.
Both England, Netherlands
To export slaves to labor in their colony

But the nation that influences Senegal the most is France.

The year of July. Prof. 1659 West African area becomes a French colony.
This includes Senegal

France set Dakar to be a trade hub with West African countries.
And got the right to occupy Gory Island from Netherlands.
To export slaves to labor in South North America.

And set up a city to expand trade at the Senate River's mouth.
300 km from Dakar city, north along the coastline.
Name this city ′′ St. Louis ′′

France lays the foundation for Senegal as a trade goal to Africa.
Build a railroad between Dakar and St. Louis for shipping.

Also laying the education foundation for locals
To help with product trade
By the founding of the University in Dakar and St. Louis

That's why Senegal uses French in government language.
And use Saefa fringe as the main currency of the country.

And then the 5 century slavery trade ended in mid 19th century.

Later in July Prof. 1960 Senegal is also free from the French colony.
Been ruling the country with president and local government since then.

Even Senegal is a major economic hub of West Africa.
But due to over half of the country, the upper part is in the Sahara Desert.
Making space for farming is limited
So relying on large amounts of foreign food imports and energy.

Assembled with main export products like mineral phosphate. Products from peanut oil fishery are low value.

Government loaned a lot of foreign debt to spend.
And intervene in domestic product prices to low levels.
Senegal is missing the account balance. Keep walking.

Poor in the year. Prof. 1994 Senegal government needs economic reform.

Starting from decreasing 50 % of Zefa's money, causing domestic inflation to 32 % immediately because imported products have higher prices.

From the beginning Senegal used a fixed exchange rate tied to the Euro, it changed to the floating exchange rate.
Reducing government price interventions
And receive subsidy from IMF and other countries like France, USA.

Even the economy can move on.
But Senegal is still missing the account balance. Keep walking.
From relying on foreign imports and subsidies all the time.

Year 2016, lack of accounting. 4.2 % of GDP.
Year 2017, lack of accounting. 7.3 % of GDP.
Year 2018, lack of accounting. 6.9 % of GDP.

So, so
Senegal challenge right now
How to manage resources and value goods in the country
To be more dependent on yourself.
No need to wait for foreign aid all the time.

From Senegal's story, a lesson that we learned.
Although most African countries now have better status from the past with the slave trade.
But these countries are going to have a small economic size.
Because of lack of exportable product development at high value
And rely on importing from foreign goods

Most developed countries are the opposite.
Importing products will be imported to produce high value goods to export.

Trick it's up to what these countries do
To be free from this problem
Which, if possible, will eventually make the economy equal to other countries..
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Follow to invest in man at
Website - longtunman.com
Blockdit-blockdit.com/longtunman
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References
-https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal/overview
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Senegal
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal
-https://tradingeconomics.com/senegal/current-account-to-gdp
-https://www.britannica.com/place/Goree-Island
-https://www.britannica.com/topic/transatlantic-slave-tradeTranslated

A Total War Saga: TROY
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/a-total-war-saga-troy

A Total War Saga: TROY is the first in the award-winning strategy series to focus on the Bronze-Age Mediterranean and the legendary twenty-year conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece, known as the Trojan War.

Total War Saga: Troy is a strategy computer game developed by the Creative Assembly Sofia and published by Sega. It is part of the Total War Saga sub-series and will be released on August 13, 2020 on the Epic Games Store, then on Steam in Summer 2021. As part of the 12 month exclusivity promotional deal with Epic Games, Total War Saga: Troy will be free of charge for the first 24h of it's release.

The game is set during the Trojan War in the Bronze Age, taking place the furthest back in time the series has ever covered.

The Greek gods featured in Troy can influence the game in similar ways to their Homeric counterparts, with their influence spanning entire factions, rather than directly intervening on the battlefield. Gaining favour with the different gods requires players to invest time or sacrifice resources, but also provides various benefits as the game progresses.

Although there is little documentation of Bronze Age naval warfare, naval combat has been included in the form of island battles, inspired by that featured in Total War: Warhammer II – Curse of the Vampire Coast. The Greek god Poseidon will play a major role in these battles.


Hero versus hero combat has been implemented in Troy, wherein two fighting heroes will be given room by nearby units, creating a circular battle area and preventing other units from intervening. Some heroes have an active battle ability called Divine Challenge, which taunts opposing characters into one-on-one combat. Eight heroes are included in the game, such as the Greek champion- Achilles, and the Prince of Troy- Hector.

A Trojan horse mechanic plays a major role within the campaign, appearing in the campaign at specific moments, and providing significant bonuses to players should it be acted upon quickly enough.

Troy introduces a new multiple resource economy that reflects the advancing pre-monetary barter economy of the Bronze Age setting. The five different resources are food, wood, stone, bronze, and gold, which can be found within different regions to varying degrees of scarcity. Food and wood are used to recruit early game units and construct simple buildings, whereas more formidable structures will require stone, and higher tier units will require bronze. Gold is vital for trade due to its universal rarity.

The diplomacy system in Troy builds on that featured in Total War: Three Kingdoms, allowing you to appease allies, your enemies in their place, allowing the player to change the entire course of the Trojan war. Other new diplomatic features which are unique to Troy will also be introduced.

A Total War Saga: TROY
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/a-total-war-saga-troy

A Total War Saga: TROY is the first in the award-winning strategy series to focus on the Bronze-Age Mediterranean and the legendary twenty-year conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece, known as the Trojan War.

Total War Saga: Troy is a strategy computer game developed by the Creative Assembly Sofia and published by Sega. It is part of the Total War Saga sub-series and will be released on August 13, 2020 on the Epic Games Store, then on Steam in Summer 2021. As part of the 12 month exclusivity promotional deal with Epic Games, Total War Saga: Troy will be free of charge for the first 24h of it's release.

The game is set during the Trojan War in the Bronze Age, taking place the furthest back in time the series has ever covered.

The Greek gods featured in Troy can influence the game in similar ways to their Homeric counterparts, with their influence spanning entire factions, rather than directly intervening on the battlefield. Gaining favour with the different gods requires players to invest time or sacrifice resources, but also provides various benefits as the game progresses.

Although there is little documentation of Bronze Age naval warfare, naval combat has been included in the form of island battles, inspired by that featured in Total War: Warhammer II – Curse of the Vampire Coast. The Greek god Poseidon will play a major role in these battles.


Hero versus hero combat has been implemented in Troy, wherein two fighting heroes will be given room by nearby units, creating a circular battle area and preventing other units from intervening. Some heroes have an active battle ability called Divine Challenge, which taunts opposing characters into one-on-one combat. Eight heroes are included in the game, such as the Greek champion- Achilles, and the Prince of Troy- Hector.

A Trojan horse mechanic plays a major role within the campaign, appearing in the campaign at specific moments, and providing significant bonuses to players should it be acted upon quickly enough.

Troy introduces a new multiple resource economy that reflects the advancing pre-monetary barter economy of the Bronze Age setting. The five different resources are food, wood, stone, bronze, and gold, which can be found within different regions to varying degrees of scarcity. Food and wood are used to recruit early game units and construct simple buildings, whereas more formidable structures will require stone, and higher tier units will require bronze. Gold is vital for trade due to its universal rarity.

The diplomacy system in Troy builds on that featured in Total War: Three Kingdoms, allowing you to appease allies, your enemies in their place, allowing the player to change the entire course of the Trojan war. Other new diplomatic features which are unique to Troy will also be introduced.

A Total War Saga: TROY
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/a-total-war-saga-troy

A Total War Saga: TROY is the first in the award-winning strategy series to focus on the Bronze-Age Mediterranean and the legendary twenty-year conflict between the kingdoms of Troy and Mycenaean Greece, known as the Trojan War.

Total War Saga: Troy is a strategy computer game developed by the Creative Assembly Sofia and published by Sega. It is part of the Total War Saga sub-series and will be released on August 13, 2020 on the Epic Games Store, then on Steam in Summer 2021. As part of the 12 month exclusivity promotional deal with Epic Games, Total War Saga: Troy will be free of charge for the first 24h of it's release.

The game is set during the Trojan War in the Bronze Age, taking place the furthest back in time the series has ever covered.

The Greek gods featured in Troy can influence the game in similar ways to their Homeric counterparts, with their influence spanning entire factions, rather than directly intervening on the battlefield. Gaining favour with the different gods requires players to invest time or sacrifice resources, but also provides various benefits as the game progresses.

Although there is little documentation of Bronze Age naval warfare, naval combat has been included in the form of island battles, inspired by that featured in Total War: Warhammer II – Curse of the Vampire Coast. The Greek god Poseidon will play a major role in these battles.


Hero versus hero combat has been implemented in Troy, wherein two fighting heroes will be given room by nearby units, creating a circular battle area and preventing other units from intervening. Some heroes have an active battle ability called Divine Challenge, which taunts opposing characters into one-on-one combat. Eight heroes are included in the game, such as the Greek champion- Achilles, and the Prince of Troy- Hector.

A Trojan horse mechanic plays a major role within the campaign, appearing in the campaign at specific moments, and providing significant bonuses to players should it be acted upon quickly enough.

Troy introduces a new multiple resource economy that reflects the advancing pre-monetary barter economy of the Bronze Age setting. The five different resources are food, wood, stone, bronze, and gold, which can be found within different regions to varying degrees of scarcity. Food and wood are used to recruit early game units and construct simple buildings, whereas more formidable structures will require stone, and higher tier units will require bronze. Gold is vital for trade due to its universal rarity.

The diplomacy system in Troy builds on that featured in Total War: Three Kingdoms, allowing you to appease allies, your enemies in their place, allowing the player to change the entire course of the Trojan war. Other new diplomatic features which are unique to Troy will also be introduced.