BREAKING NEWS
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing.”
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna have discovered one of gene technology’s sharpest tools: the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors. Using these, researchers can change the DNA of animals, plants and microorganisms with extremely high precision. This technology has had a revolutionary impact on the life sciences, is contributing to new cancer therapies and may make the dream of curing inherited diseases come true.
Researchers need to modify genes in cells if they are to find out about life’s inner workings. This used to be time-consuming, difficult and sometimes impossible work. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors, it is now possible to change the code of life over the course of a few weeks.
Since Charpentier and Doudna discovered the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors in 2012 their use has exploded. This tool has contributed to many important discoveries in basic research, and plant researchers have been able to develop crops that withstand mould, pests and drought. In medicine, clinical trials of new cancer therapies are underway, and the dream of being able to cure inherited diseases is about to come true. These genetic scissors have taken the life sciences into a new epoch and, in many ways, are bringing the greatest benefit to humankind.
Press release: https://bit.ly/2Hzxp4h
Popular information: https://bit.ly/3cNgeHJ
Advanced information: https://bit.ly/2HwL3oE
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過244萬的網紅メンタリスト DaiGo,也在其Youtube影片中提到,📘この動画内で紹介したおすすめ動画・ニコニコ動画は 知識のNetflix【Dラボ】で見放題! 今なら20日間無料→https://daigovideolab.jp/ 🐈 ▶︎ いい相手を見抜きたいなら、恋人選びの心理学 →【今なら20日間無料】https://daigovideolab.jp/ ...
genome gene 在 Drama-addict Facebook 的精選貼文
ปริศนาต้นกำเนิดของไวรัสที่ทำให้เกิดโรค covid-19 กำลังจะกระจ่าง
สรุปตอนนี้คือ น่าจะเป็นเชื้อไวรัสในค้างคาวตัวดั้งเดิม RatG13
(RatG13 นี่ถ้าจำไม่ผิด ใกล้เคียงตัวที่ทำให้เป็น covid-19 ราวๆ 96-97%)
แล้วไปผสมกับไวรัสอีกตัวในค้างคาวอีกชนิด พอฟิวชั่นกันโชะ
ก็กระโดดข้ามไปสู่ตัวนิ่มอีกที ก่อนจะโดดมาสู่คนในที่สุด
อนึ่ง วันก่อนดูสารคดีเรื่องต้นกำเนิด covid-19 ในเน็ทฟลิกซ์
นักวิชาการในสารคดีบอกว่า เรามีไวรัสที่ไม่รู้จักในป่าอีกราวๆ
ห นึ่ ง ล้ า น ห้ า แ ส น ช นิ ด
ก็คงจะมีอะไรแบบนี้เกิดขึ้นอีกเรื่อยๆ อยู่ที่ว่าจะเกิดขึ้นเมื่อไหร่
ปริศนากระจ่างแล้ว‼️ ... missing piece ของต้นกำเนิด SARS-CoV-2 🦠
🏵 จากบทความก่อนเกี่ยวกับการสืบที่มาของ SARS-CoV-2 (https://www.facebook.com/CAPrecisionMed/posts/3191416544210124/) โดยการศึกษาเปรียบเทียบรหัสพันธุกรรมของ coronavirus ในสัตว์ ซึ่งสรุปได้ว่าที่มาของ SARS-CoV-2 น่าจะมาจากค้างคาว โดยพบเชื้อ bat-CoV-RaTG13 ในค้างคาวมงกุฎเทาแดง ซึ่งมีรหัสพันธุกรรมคล้ายกับ SARS-CoV-2 มากที่สุด แต่มีจุดที่ต่างกันตรง S gene โดยเฉพาะส่วน RBD ซึ่งแทบจะเหมือนกับ Pangolin-CoV สนับสนุนว่าบรรพบุรุษของเชื้อ COVID-19 นี้อยู่ในค้างคาว แล้วย้ายไปอยู่ใน intermediate host ได้แก่ตัวนิ่ม (pangolin) ก่อนจะย้ายมาติดเชื้อและแพร่ระบาดในมนุษย์
🏵 แต่ส่วนหนึ่งของ genome ที่ยังอธิบายไม่ได้คือ SARS-CoV-2 มีส่วน furin recognition motif หรือ polybasic amino acid cleavage site ซึ่งไม่พบทั้งใน bat-CoV-RaTG13 และ Pangolin-CoV
🏵 สองวันก่อนมีงานวิจัยตีพิมพ์ใน Current Biology นักวิจัยจากจีนพบ coronavirus สายพันธุ์ใหม่ในค้างคาวยูนนาน ตั้งชื่อว่า RmYN02 ซึ่งมีลักษณะพิเศษคือ มี furin recognition motif อยู่ใน spike gene เหมือน SARS-CoV-2 ซึ่งไม่พบใน coronavirus สายพันธุ์อื่นที่อยู่ใกล้ชิดเลย
🏵 จากข้อมูลตอนนี้ สรุปได้ว่าต้นกำเนิดที่เป็นไปได้มากที่สุดคือไวรัสนี้มาจากค้างคาว (อาจจะเป็น RaTG13) แล้วเกิด recombination กับไวรัสในค้างคาวอีกชนิดหนึ่ง (อาจจะเป็น RmYN02) ทำให้ RaTG13 genome รับ furin recognition site เข้ามา จากนั้นเชื้อแพร่ไปยังตัวนิ่ม และเกิด recombination หรือกลายพันธุ์จนได้ RBD ใน S gene ที่มีลักษณะเหมือน Pangolin-CoV กลายเป็น SARS-CoV-2 ก่อนจะแพร่มาสู่คนอีกต่อหนึ่ง
สมมติฐานอาจะเปลี่ยนได้อีกเมื่อนักวิทยาศาสตร์มีข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม จากข้อมูลล่าสุด นี่คือกลไกที่น่าจะเป็นไปได้มากที่สุดครับ
ไม่ว่ายังไงก็ไม่ใช่การสร้างขึ้นมาจากห้องแลปแน่ ๆ ครับ
อ่านเพิ่มเติมที่ https://www.cell.com/current-biology/…/S0960-9822(20)30662-X
ย้อนกลับไปอ่านภาคแรก สืบหาต้นตอของเชื้อ COVID-19 ที่นี่ : https://www.facebook.com/CAPrecisionMed/posts/3191416544210124/
🏵🦠🏵🦠🏵🦠COVID Series🦠🏵🦠🏵🦠🏵
https://www.facebook.com/CAPrecisionMed/posts/3130027750349004/
genome gene 在 潘小濤 Facebook 的最讚貼文
請傳給你認識的外國朋友
(繼續發酵!英文翻譯上線!幫手推!)🔥 有外媒相繼報道了關於袁國勇、龍振邦兩位教授疑似因壓力而撤回《明報》專欄文章一事,有手足更花了時間,把文章譯作英文。西方社會是需要知道真相的,請廣傳給在外國的朋友:
[On Mar 18 2020, Professor David Lung at the University of Hong Kong and his colleague Professor Yuen Kwok-yung, a world-renowned expert in microbiology and infectious diseases, withdrew their op-ed in the Chinese-language newspaper Ming Pao, in which they elucidated the origin and naming of the Wuhan Coronavirus, and criticized "inferior Chinese culture" for being the origin of the present pandemic. This led to allegations that the Chinese and Hong Kong governments are covering up the truth and suppressing academic freedom. Below is an English translation of this op-ed. Please spread the word and expose the truth!]
Outbreak in Wuhan shows that lessons from seventeen years ago are forgotten - David Lung and Yuen Kwok-yung, University of Hong Kong [translated from Chinese]
The novel coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan in Winter 2019, and engulfed the entire province of Hubei by Spring 2020; the number of cases in China grew to over 80,000, with at least 3,000 deaths. The outbreak in China slowed down only after a month-long lockdown, which has failed to curtail the spread of the disease overseas by March 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) was sluggish in response and failed to declare this a pandemic in a timely fashion. Shortage of relevant measures and protective gear around the world contributed to the global outbreak. Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau, and the Republic of China have so far been spared of the pandemic, though cases linked to overseas travel have yet to cease.
This pandemic is caused by a coronavirus, thus named because of its shape. From 2015 onwards, the WHO has ceased to name diseases using monikers for people, places, animals, food, culture, or occupations. As such, they labeled the disease using the year of the outbreak; thus the designation COVID-19. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) used viral genome sequencing as the sole criterion for the naming of viruses; because the similarity between the genetic sequences of the SARS coronavirus and the present novel coronavirus, which therefore is not truly "novel", the ICTV designated the novel coronavirus as "SARS-CoV-2.0". Media organizations and the public call this the Wuhan Coronavirus or the Wuhan Pneumonia; this is perfectly fine because of its simplicity.
There has been heated debate over the naming of the pandemic. As a matter of fact, the disease is named by the WHO and the virus is named by the ICTV; the common name is purely a customary matter and suffices to serves it purpose as long as it is simple and clear. The official names of COVID-19 for the disease, or SARS-CoV-2 for the virus, must be used in scientific and academic discourse. However, the simplicity of the popular designations "Wuhan Coronavirus" and "Wuhan Pneumonia" are far more conducive to daily communication and conversations in the media.
The 2020 pandemic originated in Wuhan
Roughly 75% of novel diseases can be traced to wild animals; the ancestral virus from which several mammalian coronaviruses descend can be traced to bats or birds, both of which can fly over a distance of several thousands of kilometers to the location of first discovery of the virus. As such, the nomenclature of viruses may utilize the name of the location of discovery. The most accurate and objective means to identify the origin of the virus is to isolate the virus from the animal host. However, the Huanan Seafood Market had been cleared, and live wild animals vacated, by the time researchers had arrived for live samples. Consequently, the identity of the natural and intermediate hosts of the coronavirus is unclear. According to local personnel, the wild games in the Huanan Seafood Market are shipped and smuggled from various locations in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa; it remains impossible to identify the ancestry of the Wuhan Coronavirus.
Viral genome sequencing shows a 96% similarity between the Wuhan Coronavirus and the viral strain RaTG13 found in bats, lending credence to the belief that the RaTG13 strain is the ancestral virus for the Wuhan Coronavirus. This viral strain can be isolated from the bat species Rhinolophus sinicus found in Yunnan, China; thus bats are believed to be the natural host to the Wuhan Coronavirus. Epidemiological studies show definitively that the Huanan Seafood Market was the amplification epicenter, where the transmission of the virus from the natural host to the intermediate host likely occurred, before a mutation to a form that can adapt to the human body, followed by human-to-human transmission.
The identity of the intermediate host remains unclear; viral genome sequencing, however, reveals a 90% similarity between the spike receptor-binding domain of the Wuhan Coronavirus and of the coronavirus strain found in pangolins. While uncertainties remain for us to unambiguously identify the pangolin as the intermediate host, it is extremely likely that the pangolin coronavirus strain donated the spike receptor-binding domain genetic sequence, or even the entire gene section, to the bat coronavirus strain, culminating in the novel coronavirus upon DNA shuffling.
Wild animal market: the origin of numerous viruses
The SARS outbreak in 2003 can be traced to Heyuan prior to engulfing Guangdong and ravaging Hong Kong. The SARS Coronavirus was found in the masked palm civet; China has subsequently outlawed the sales of live wild animals. Seventeen years later, wild animal markets have instead grown unabashed, in flagrant violation of the law. The Chinese people have forgotten the lessons of SARS in their entirety. The glaring appearance of live wild animal markets in city centers, and the egregious acts of selling, cooking, and eating these wild animals, constitute a stunning and blatant disregard for the laws. The feces of these wild animals carry large concentrations of bacteria and viruses; the crowded set-up, the poor hygiene, and the proximity of different animal species are extremely conducive to DNA shuffling and genetic mutations. As such, these markets need to be banned outright.
Remodeling of markets is key to the prevention of epidemics. The Chinese and Hong Kong governments must promptly improve the set-up of markets by enhancing ventilation and getting rid of rats and pests. Before the elimination of all live poultry markets becomes a reality, animal feces found in these markets must be handled properly to lower the chances of genetic shuffling between viruses.
Internet conspiracies of an U.S. origin of the virus is not supported by facts, and only serves to mislead the public. The dissemination of conspiracy theories needs to stop. Transparency is first and foremost in the fight against an epidemic; we need cool heads and rational analysis in place of hearsay and falsehood. The failure to close all live wild animal markets post-SARS was a colossal mistake; to win the battle over the pandemic, we must face reality, and not repeat the same mistakes while leaving the blame upon others. The Wuhan Coronavirus is a product of inferior Chinese culture -\-\ the culture of recklessly catching and eating wild animals, and treating animals inhumanely, with an utter disrespect and disregard of lives. This inferior culture of the Chinese people -\-\ specifically the consumption of wild animals to satiate themselves -\-\ is the true origin of the Wuhan Coronavirus. If these habits and attitudes remain in place, SARS 3.0 will certainly happen in a matter of a decade or so.
以上翻譯來自:
一個窮科學家移民美國的夢幻故事
外媒報道:
https://www.nytimes.com/…/19reuters-health-coronavirus-hong…
https://www.nasdaq.com/…/adviser-to-hong-kong-on-coronaviru…
genome gene 在 メンタリスト DaiGo Youtube 的精選貼文
📘この動画内で紹介したおすすめ動画・ニコニコ動画は
知識のNetflix【Dラボ】で見放題!
今なら20日間無料→https://daigovideolab.jp/
🐈
▶︎ いい相手を見抜きたいなら、恋人選びの心理学
→【今なら20日間無料】https://daigovideolab.jp/
▶︎やばい恋人の見分け方
→【今なら20日間無料】https://daigovideolab.jp/
▶︎ ダニエル・S. ハマーメッシュ の 美貌格差: 生まれつき不平等の経済学 を Amazon でチェック! https://amzn.to/363Pf6i
▶︎参考
Thomas E. Hughes et al.(2014) The impact of widespread regulatory neofunctionalization on homeolog gene evolution following whole-genome duplication in maize
https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/1457756520
リサーチ協力 Yu Suzuki http://www.nicovideo.jp/paleo
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genome gene 在 Genome - Wikipedia 的相關結果
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all genetic information of an organism. ... It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA ... ... <看更多>
genome gene 在 Gene - National Human Genome Research Institute 的相關結果
Genes are passed from parents to offspring and contain the information needed to specify physical and biological traits. Most genes code for specific proteins, ... ... <看更多>
genome gene 在 “What's the difference between the words genome, gene and ... 的相關結果
A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA. If the DNA code is a set of instructions that's carefully organised into paragraphs (genes) and ... ... <看更多>