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Continue ReadingWhy is Germany a country of engineering? / By Investing Man
′′ Germany ′′ the top country of engineering advancement
From electrical appliances, automotive to mandatory system, electric car signals.
German Citizenship Tools Even With High Prices
But it comes with more performance, durability and innovation than anyone.
Many companies that are even over 100 years old.
But these German brands still guarantee their unmatched quality and expertise.
And where does Germany's engineering progress come from?
Welcome to the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ branding instead of country.
Episode why is Germany a country of engineering?
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Investman wants to take everyone back to the 19th century industrial revolution era.
As many people already know that
Britain is the first country in the world to have an industrial revolution since July. B.E. 1780
Followed by Belgium and France
While the economy of other countries in Europe is turning through to progress.
Germany just reunited countries by land which is now Germany. Just completely united for the first time on July. Year 1871 which is the same as the reign of King Rama 5 of the Kingdom of Siam.
From the gathering of German tribes led by the Northern Prussian Kingdom.
With little and big south under the lead of Emperor Wilhelm 1
And Prime Minister Ottoffon Bi Mark
The industrial revolution later made Germans not want to waste their time. Try wrong, try right.
To develop the country to thrive.
The important thing in this regard is to put the process of education and research systematically, therefore, the government puts ′′ education reform ′′ first.
Even many European countries have founded the university since medieval times.
But Europe's academics won't be much involved in the business and industry.
Academics are posing as ′′ gentlemen ′′ not doing business and not messing with industrial sector.
The mechanics, technicians, or anyone involved in the industrial sector will be seen as lower than academics.
But German education doesn't look that way..
With Germany's absence of colony and its revolutionizing industrial slower than many countries.
The only thing that could make the Empire that was recently advanced further than others.
It's scientific advancement, especially in ′′ applied science
Under the lead of Bismarck, huge educational budgeting occurred.
Educational welfare is founded in technical college.
Educational emphasis on Technician and Engineering Career Specifically
Berlin's Technical College of Berlin was established in Year B.E. 1879
Developed from the college of mining that was founded in kho. B.E. 1770
This place is currently the Technical University of Berlin (Technische Universität Berlin)
Apart from Berlin
Technical universities are also established at other states around the country during the evacuation time.
Technical University of Darmstutt, established in July. B.E. 1877
Hannopher Technical University established in July B.E. 1879
Having a unique university in Technician and Engineering
Make a lot of workforce and technicians
When these workers graduate, they can enter into industrial sector immediately.
Government also supports universities to cooperate with industrial sector.
There is a collaborative research between academics and businessmen in industry circles.
Engineering research is easily implemented in the business world.
When businesses can make profit, they give money back to support research.
Later on, many big companies start having their own research and development institutions.
Germany's engineering development is growing in a leap.
Especially in the steel industry.
The German Empire Steel Industry Center is located around the Roore River Valley.
Aka Ruhrgebiet (Ruhrgebiet) which is west of the country.
This area is a major source of iron and coal mineral, with an epicenter in Esseen.
But originally, most steel industries use mild steel, these iron are fragile.
Make it not yet applied for much use.
For steel to be stronger and more durable, it is necessary to transform the chemical structure of steel by fusing and filling the mineral into steel.
But ironing requires a very high temperature at the moment, no effective and cost effective stove for production.
How to produce Siemens-Martin Steel
Which was invented in July. 1865 by 2 researchers
One of them is German named Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens
Created an accelerated steel squid oven that can heat up to 1,500 degrees Celsius.
It's called a pan stove or open hearth furnace.
With education system that strongly connects research and industrial sector.
Not long ago, German steel company brought a new refiner.
xỳāng rwdrĕw application in the steel industry
Led by steel company called ′′ Krupp ′′
Krupp company founded by the Krupp family has a history back to mid 16th century.
There is an office located in Esseen during which German railway expands rapidly.
Esen City becomes the center of the steel industry.
Krupp company also leads to manufacturing metal-based products such as railroad tracks and locomotives.
Alfred Krupp has funded research to find out how to produce steel.
Scholarship to the scholars when a new refiner comes out successfully.
Krupp company has become a leader in global export steel production.
From railroad tracks, development to machinery and factories.
Not long ago, Germany was on board, Europe's major steel manufacturer overtakes England.
Krupp company currently has merged with Thyssen steel company.
Became a ′′ Thyssenkrupp ′′ company.
Even the steel industry is going to lower the role.
But Thyssenkrupp has continued to be a leader in engine parts.
Aircraft, elevator and escalator components.
Apart from the steel industry, another industry in which German engineering knowledge has advanced over many countries during the same time is the electrical industry.
Led by a company called ′′ Siemens ′′
Founder of this company is Werner von Siemens Berlin electric engineer
This is the real brother of Sir Carl Wilhelm Siemens who invented steel production methods.
Werner von Siemens has automatically invented a typed telegram system.
Instead of knocking, using Morse code, then founded Siemens company in July. B.E. 1847
Siemens company has expanded its business across Europe and USA.
Werner von Siemens also the world's first electric elevator developer in July. B.E. 1880
The inventor of mechanical dynamo that transforms mechanical energy into electric energy.
And build an electric bus or Trolley Bus in July. B.E. 1882
Siemens are currently the world's leading electrical engineering company.
There are a variety of products from electronics, electric car, medical tools.
Electric train signal system to wind turbine technology
In addition to Thyssenkrupp and Siemens, the brand is under 100 years old.
Germany also has many engineering companies that all have the same age.
The whole Leica company founded in July. B.E. 1869
Expert in the production of eyelet lenses, medical devices and cameras.
AEG company founded in July. 1883 Manufacturer of large generator and tram system
Osram company separated from Siemens in July. Prof. 1909 is a leader in light bulb technology.
Dedication to developing applied science education and connecting to the business sector, opens new advancements in engineering.
And bring Germany to step up, standing in the front line of the world's leading industrial countries.
But not only the advancements in the steel and electrical industry.
Founded Technical University will produce important people in the science industry.
To take Germany to open the world into a new industry.
Industry that will forever change people's lifestyle
′′ The chemical industry "..
Prepare to meet the article series ′′ Branding the Nation ′′ to build brand instead of country.
In the next episode coming soon..
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Blockdit.com/download
Love this article. Must read this book.
′′ 1,000 year world economy ′′
If you want to know the possibilities of the world economy, you need to understand
1,000 year world economy, 6th print.
This book will talk about the history of the world economy since Fri 1100 Keep going until 1100 B.E. 2019
Lazada: https://www.lazada.co.th/products/1000-i714570154-s1368712682.html
Shopee: https://shopee.co.th/product/116732911/6716121161
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Follow to invest man at
Website - longtunman.com
Blockdit-blockdit.com/longtunman
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References
- Robert C. Allen, World Economic History
- Chattip Nak Supha, History of Comparative Industrial Revolution
-.. .. Chachphon Kolkathada, a war that never won.
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_hearth_furnace
-https://www.thyssenkrupp.com/en/productsTranslated
同時也有4部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過0的網紅CarDebuts,也在其Youtube影片中提到,DUBAI — The King is returning, stronger than ever. Chevrolet today introduced the 2019 Corvette ZR1, a supercar that pushes Corvette’s performance le...
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【低成本的深度脫碳還需核能】
#風光超過四成五會墊高電力系統的成本 #MIT不是網軍
MIT的能源、環境和農業經濟學家John Reilly,MIT全球變遷科學與政策計畫(Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change)的共同主任。最近發表與總結了一篇報告《深度脫碳的美國,核能扮演的角色?》。
如果風機與太陽能板的生意日隆、價格日低,為什麼還需要核能?
原因是,當我們不斷建置太陽能板和風機時,它們的產率將可能下降;且儘管個別太陽能板的成本很低,累積下來若超過一定數量,也會給剩餘的電力系統施加相當可觀的成本壓力。MIT研究團隊對這種趨勢進行了考查,並以此解釋為何建立一個在預算上可負擔的脫碳能源系統,新建與既有的核電廠扮演著重要的角色。
我們要清楚知道,未來所謂發電均畫成本LCOE可能無法完全反映各項能源的發電成本,他忽略的調度與輸電上的成本。
報告中針對四項情境提出模擬,分別為基準線、高再生能源減碳配比、有核能減碳配比以及彈性核能減碳配比(風光約佔比四成、核能約三成),分析結果在各區域皆顯示調度措施、市場價格以及碳價成本在有核能的情境中皆可取得較多的優勢,當然這也取決未來核能的發展是否能夠在新機組上成功削減成本(彈性核能與一般核能的情境差別沒有出現在成本上,但卻可以容納更多再生能源提升其效率)。
報告中的情境假設我認為滿值得台灣參考,因為情境中風光的發電曲線與台灣相近,天然氣比例也差不多,或許調度上也可以有些想法。而核能的部分,文章中對低價核能的設定約為台幣1.5~1.8元,對應台灣有些偏高,也就代表若我們參考類似情境效益應該更得以彰顯。
不過既然是模擬,勢必也代表僅作參考用,有許多條件假設尚未納入,例如進一步的政策誘因、需量反應、市場規劃等等,這些都可以幫助再生能源再進一步提升,然而,報告中也未納入為了解決電力潮流壅塞需增加的電力網強化成本,根據各地經驗,將會是筆可觀數字。
▍完整報告分析 https://reurl.cc/M7LaRL
▍風光電的成本
風光電在市場上仍有很大的成長空間,理應讓它倍數成長,可是MIT的研究發現,一旦變動型再生能源(風能、太陽能)提供某一區域的總發電量達40%—約4倍於它們在全國的佔比,電力系統的成本就變得很貴;在某些風光市場滲透率更高的地區,麻煩已開始浮現,更別說4成的佔比仍遠低於再生能源支持者鼓吹的百分百願景。
將風光產電的配比提高到40%以上會發生什麼事?對電力系統而言,至少會產生兩種不利影響:首先,愈大量的太陽能和風電會被要求「減產」(Curtailment),意思就是風光電機組在產值最高的時段,退出與電網的併聯,因為電量的供給超過了需求。其次,當風光發不出電的時段,需要更多備用的發電容量,由於這些多出的備用容量大部分時間都閒置,因此增加了系統的成本。
舉例:加州是部署間歇性再生能源的領頭羊,卻在今年4月,讓原本可發出19億度的再生能源機組退出電網,按國內的零售均價計算,19億度的產值達數千萬美元,但沒併電網、就全部歸零。另外在5月時,加州關閉裝置容量4,700MW的再生能源,多數是太陽能。相比之下,胡佛水壩的裝置容量為2,000MW。
▍儲能能幫忙嗎?
面對再生能源的困境,儲能雖然可以幫忙,可儲能的策略是建立在小時或一天的基礎上(而無法擴大到季節或月份的尺度),且當開始仔細研究時,會發現它比想像中更困難。首先是價格:電池製造商的報價很模糊,但容量1度電的鋰離子電池售價大概不出300美元,這個數字雖比早期便宜,但以大量儲存一個12分錢的商品(美國一度電力)來說,還是太貴了。價格之外電力儲存時間也是待克服的一點。
▍核能與碳捕捉
因此,如果要想在本世紀中葉前將電力部門的碳排放下縮9成、降至2005年的10%(美國),這個系統需要其他工具,例如核能和碳捕捉(但在碳捕捉便宜到能大量使用前,仍有很多工作要做)。即使核能每度的成本高於太陽能或風能,它也能非常有用,因為核能可在風光不發電時提供能源,反觀如果再生能源在需要時無法發電,再便宜也沒用。
但研究也發現,要使核能在脫碳之路中發揮作用,必須找到方法降低建置新電廠的成本,這不會在短期內發生,因為建立「創新」需要漫長與艱苦的學習曲線,但能源產業已證明,硬體與人才確實能遵循學習曲線,看看風場或壓裂技術的演進便知。
▍放太多雞蛋的籃子
放太多的風蛋與太陽蛋在再生能源的籃子中,造成的根本問題是:需具備比給定的負載水平大很多的發電容量,才能滿足該負載水平。
過去火力發電廠可以有需要就啟動,系統唯一要具備的只是滿足電力需求的容量、再加上一點因應機組故障的發電餘裕;今天你得有足夠的(備轉)容量,去平衡風光電在間歇期造成的發電量損失。一個「100MW」的太陽能電廠只能在中午前後發出100MW的電,可用電高峰通常會在幾個小時後才出現,此時太陽已快西下,僅能發出比裝置容量小很多的電。風電亦然,通常在需求不高的夜間發出最多電,當世界清醒且吃電時,風機的發揮僅達它最大潛能的一小部分。
總之,一個以再生能源為中心的電力系統,就算容量大到可以滿足用電峰值需求,也不可避免地面臨生產大量沒有價值的剩餘電力的問題。到2050年,如果我們的目標是(而且必須如此)使電力部門脫碳,我們仍需要不間斷供應的零碳來源,例如核能。
▍參考資料:Too much wind and solar raises power system costs. Deep decarbonization requires nuclear https://reurl.cc/K6Le5R
圖片為合成
global wind system 在 說說能源 Talk That Energy Facebook 的精選貼文
【低成本的深度脫碳還需核能】
#風光超過四成五會墊高電力系統的成本 #MIT不是網軍
MIT的能源、環境和農業經濟學家John Reilly,MIT全球變遷科學與政策計畫(Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change)的共同主任。最近發表與總結了一篇報告《深度脫碳的美國,核能扮演的角色?》。
如果風機與太陽能板的生意日隆、價格日低,為什麼還需要核能?
原因是,當我們不斷建置太陽能板和風機時,它們的產率將可能下降;且儘管個別太陽能板的成本很低,累積下來若超過一定數量,也會給剩餘的電力系統施加相當可觀的成本壓力。MIT研究團隊對這種趨勢進行了考查,並以此解釋為何建立一個在預算上可負擔的脫碳能源系統,新建與既有的核電廠扮演著重要的角色。
我們要清楚知道,未來所謂發電均畫成本LCOE可能無法完全反映各項能源的發電成本,他忽略的調度與輸電上的成本。
報告中針對四項情境提出模擬,分別為基準線、高再生能源減碳配比、有核能減碳配比以及彈性核能減碳配比(風光約佔比四成、核能約三成),分析結果在各區域皆顯示調度措施、市場價格以及碳價成本在有核能的情境中皆可取得較多的優勢,當然這也取決未來核能的發展是否能夠在新機組上成功削減成本(彈性核能與一般核能的情境差別沒有出現在成本上,但卻可以容納更多再生能源提升其效率)。
報告中的情境假設我認為滿值得台灣參考,因為情境中風光的發電曲線與台灣相近,天然氣比例也差不多,或許調度上也可以有些想法。而核能的部分,文章中對低價核能的設定約為台幣1.5~1.8元,對應台灣有些偏高,也就代表若我們參考類似情境效益應該更得以彰顯。
不過既然是模擬,勢必也代表僅作參考用,有許多條件假設尚未納入,例如進一步的政策誘因、需量反應、市場規劃等等,這些都可以幫助再生能源再進一步提升,然而,報告中也未納入為了解決電力潮流壅塞需增加的電力網強化成本,根據各地經驗,將會是筆可觀數字。
▍完整報告分析 https://reurl.cc/M7LaRL
▍風光電的成本
風光電在市場上仍有很大的成長空間,理應讓它倍數成長,可是MIT的研究發現,一旦變動型再生能源(風能、太陽能)提供某一區域的總發電量達40%—約4倍於它們在全國的佔比,電力系統的成本就變得很貴;在某些風光市場滲透率更高的地區,麻煩已開始浮現,更別說4成的佔比仍遠低於再生能源支持者鼓吹的百分百願景。
將風光產電的配比提高到40%以上會發生什麼事?對電力系統而言,至少會產生兩種不利影響:首先,愈大量的太陽能和風電會被要求「減產」(Curtailment),意思就是風光電機組在產值最高的時段,退出與電網的併聯,因為電量的供給超過了需求。其次,當風光發不出電的時段,需要更多備用的發電容量,由於這些多出的備用容量大部分時間都閒置,因此增加了系統的成本。
舉例:加州是部署間歇性再生能源的領頭羊,卻在今年4月,讓原本可發出19億度的再生能源機組退出電網,按國內的零售均價計算,19億度的產值達數千萬美元,但沒併電網、就全部歸零。另外在5月時,加州關閉裝置容量4,700MW的再生能源,多數是太陽能。相比之下,胡佛水壩的裝置容量為2,000MW。
▍儲能能幫忙嗎?
面對再生能源的困境,儲能雖然可以幫忙,可儲能的策略是建立在小時或一天的基礎上(而無法擴大到季節或月份的尺度),且當開始仔細研究時,會發現它比想像中更困難。首先是價格:電池製造商的報價很模糊,但容量1度電的鋰離子電池售價大概不出300美元,這個數字雖比早期便宜,但以大量儲存一個12分錢的商品(美國一度電力)來說,還是太貴了。價格之外電力儲存時間也是待克服的一點。
▍核能與碳捕捉
因此,如果要想在本世紀中葉前將電力部門的碳排放下縮9成、降至2005年的10%(美國),這個系統需要其他工具,例如核能和碳捕捉(但在碳捕捉便宜到能大量使用前,仍有很多工作要做)。即使核能每度的成本高於太陽能或風能,它也能非常有用,因為核能可在風光不發電時提供能源,反觀如果再生能源在需要時無法發電,再便宜也沒用。
但研究也發現,要使核能在脫碳之路中發揮作用,必須找到方法降低建置新電廠的成本,這不會在短期內發生,因為建立「創新」需要漫長與艱苦的學習曲線,但能源產業已證明,硬體與人才確實能遵循學習曲線,看看風場或壓裂技術的演進便知。
▍放太多雞蛋的籃子
放太多的風蛋與太陽蛋在再生能源的籃子中,造成的根本問題是:需具備比給定的負載水平大很多的發電容量,才能滿足該負載水平。
過去火力發電廠可以有需要就啟動,系統唯一要具備的只是滿足電力需求的容量、再加上一點因應機組故障的發電餘裕;今天你得有足夠的(備轉)容量,去平衡風光電在間歇期造成的發電量損失。一個「100MW」的太陽能電廠只能在中午前後發出100MW的電,可用電高峰通常會在幾個小時後才出現,此時太陽已快西下,僅能發出比裝置容量小很多的電。風電亦然,通常在需求不高的夜間發出最多電,當世界清醒且吃電時,風機的發揮僅達它最大潛能的一小部分。
總之,一個以再生能源為中心的電力系統,就算容量大到可以滿足用電峰值需求,也不可避免地面臨生產大量沒有價值的剩餘電力的問題。到2050年,如果我們的目標是(而且必須如此)使電力部門脫碳,我們仍需要不間斷供應的零碳來源,例如核能。
▍參考資料:Too much wind and solar raises power system costs. Deep decarbonization requires nuclear https://reurl.cc/K6Le5R
圖片為合成
global wind system 在 CarDebuts Youtube 的最讚貼文
DUBAI — The King is returning, stronger than ever.
Chevrolet today introduced the 2019 Corvette ZR1, a supercar that pushes Corvette’s performance legacy with the highest power, greatest track performance and most advanced technology in its production history.
“I’ve never driven a Corvette like this before, and nobody else has either, because there’s never been one like this before,” said Mark Reuss, executive vice president, Global Product Development, Purchasing and Supply Chain. “Its unprecedented performance puts all other global supercars on notice that the ZR1 is back.”
The Corvette ZR1’s exclusive LT5 supercharged engine, which is rated at an SAE-certified 755 horsepower (563 kW) and 715 lb-ft of torque (969 Nm), is establishing a new benchmark in performance. Further, the ZR1 elevates Corvette’s track capability with two wind tunnel-honed aerodynamics packages, including an available High Wing that provides an estimated 950 pounds of downforce.
Most powerful ever
The ZR1’s LT5 6.2L V-8 engine advances Corvette’s supercharging legacy, which began with the 2009 sixth-generation ZR1 and continued with the 2015 seventh-generation Z06. The LT5 delivers the highest output ever for a Chevrolet production vehicle, thanks in part to a new, more-efficient intercooled supercharger system that offers 52 percent more displacement than the Z06’s LT4 supercharger. GM’s first dual-fuel-injection system, which employs primary direct injection and supplemental port injection, helps the LT5 achieve its record output.
Seven-speed manual and eight-speed paddle-shift automatic transmissions are available with the LT5. It’s the first time an automatic transmission has been offered in a ZR1.
Fastest ever
The 2019 Corvette ZR1’s aggressive appearance is driven by function, contributing to its distinction as the fastest production Corvette to date.
An all-new front fascia is designed to channel air for propulsion-system and drivetrain cooling, with four new radiators bringing the heat-exchanger total to 13. A special carbon-fiber “halo” hood is open in the middle to clear the LT5 engine’s supercharger/intercooler assembly. Additional features, including aero packages with stanchion-mounted wings, help push the ZR1 harder onto the track for more confident handling and faster lap times. Top speed of the ZR1 is over 210 mph.
“As the highest-performing Corvette ever, the ZR1’s design supports its capability in every way,” said Kirk Bennion, Exterior Design manager. “The new wings, for example, help generate more downforce without adding drag, enhancing road holding and top speed.”
The ZR1 will offer two aero packages: a standard rear Low Wing, which delivers the highest top speed and helps generate up to 70 percent more downforce than the Z06’s base aero package, and an available two-way-adjustable High Wing that offers maximum downforce on the track for the quickest lap times — about 60 percent more downforce than the Z06 with the available Z07 Performance Package. All models also feature a Chevrolet-first, downforce-enhancing front underwing.
The adjustable High Wing is part of the new ZTK Performance Package, which also includes a front splitter with carbon-fiber end caps, Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 summer-only tires, and specific chassis and Magnetic Ride Control tuning for greater cornering grip.
Both of the ZR1’s wings are tied into the chassis, like the Corvette Racing C7.R racecar, for strength and stability.
Sebring Orange Design Package
The Corvette ZR1 introduced today also debuted a dynamic, available Sebring Orange Design Package. Centered on its Sebring Orange Tintcoat exterior color, the package also includes orange brake calipers, orange rocker and splitter accent stripes, orange seat belts, orange interior stitching and unique, bronze aluminum interior trim.
The new design package complements the Corvette ZR1’s tradition of offering maximum performance with refinement and design distinction. The driver-focused, well-appointed cockpit includes standard leather-trimmed seats, with sueded microfiber inserts offered. Heated and vented Napa leather-trimmed seating is also available, as well as a carbon fiber-rimmed steering wheel, competition sport seats, Performance Data Recorder, Bose premium audio system and more.
The 2019 Corvette ZR1 goes on sale next spring, poised to take on the world’s best.
It’s good to be the King.
global wind system 在 OhBIGz Youtube 的最佳解答
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global wind system 在 OhBIGz Youtube 的最佳解答
ท่าชอบฝากกดSubscribe+ติดตามผลงานอื่นๆได้ในเพจนะคับ
YouTube https://goo.gl/a55tcK
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global wind system 在 Global Wind Systems - Earthguide - University of California ... 的相關結果
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global wind system 在 Global Wind Patterns: wind belts of the general circulation 的相關結果
The global wind pattern is also known as the "general circulation" and the surface winds of each hemisphere are divided into three wind belts:. ... <看更多>
global wind system 在 Global Wind Patterns - CES/FAU 的相關結果
Large global wind systems are created by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface. These global wind systems, in turn, drive the oceans' ... ... <看更多>