Perceived benefit vs side effect
預防勝於治療相信大家都一定聽過,但現實中要讓病人或普羅大眾了解預防的重要性並非想像中容易。
骨質疏鬆好多老人都會有,不少年滿70歲的公公婆婆如果你捉去照DEXA scan和驗維他命D都會發現骨質密度過低以及維他命D不足。
但當你處方骨質疏鬆藥物時,例如上一代bisphosphonate時,很多病人都不喜歡,因為有反胃、胃痛和食道逆流的副作用。
常常我們都會聽到
「行得走得,無事無幹為什麼要食藥?為什麼要承擔副作用風險?」
「就血骨質疏鬆都未必會死,為什麼要為了不會死的病而冒險食藥?」
近來更愈來愈流行這種要求完全零風險的心態
的確,預防性治療是屬於non event的一種,非醫療相關行業的市民的perceived benefit vs risk跟醫護人員是完全兩回事的。
普羅大眾並不知道原來老人仆街後hip fracture一年內的死亡風險高達30%,平均每10個因仆街而髖關節骨折的老人便有3個會在一年來死去。即使幸運生存的老人亦可能因此失去行動功能,需要更多的支援,更有不少因未能照顧自己而要到護老院。
但對一些嚴重骨質疏鬆但未仆街的老人來說,他們依舊日日行街買餸無難道,你叫他們定期打骨針或飲可能會反胃的骨藥,他們真的會當你發神經。因為他們沒有經歷過老人仆街到底可以有多嚴重。
就骨質疏鬆藥
他們的perceived benefit — minimal
他們的perceived risk/cost — 打針貴、食藥反胃
但對醫護人員,特別是較有經驗的醫生或內分泌科醫生來說,老人仆街是生與死的對決
就骨質疏鬆藥
我們的perceived benefit — significant mortality and morbidity reduction
我們的perceived risk/cost — 打針貴、食藥反胃
是的,當你見識得多老人仆街的個案,你會發現預防是多麼重要的一件事。
但往往病人和家屬並不了解,只有當他們親身體驗過老人仆街之後髖關節骨折時,眼看老人因仆街而死去或從此行動不變時才會明白
「早知當初就吃藥打針」
但世事沒有早知,當他們親身體驗後,往往都已成定局,即使後悔莫及亦逆轉不了。
近排愈來愈多人不信任醫護人員,的確互信是雙向的,醫護人員要加強溝通令病人或家屬更加信任。但當一個人覺得所有醫護都加害你的時候,認為醫護的意見不可信,要求一定不存在的「零風險」治療或預防性治療時,便要承擔decision against medical advice的風險。
這個perception discrepancy在種種醫療情況都可見,如預防心臟病、中風、糖尿病、高血壓、高血脂、HPV、HIV、流感到今時今日的COVID等等。
There is so much a doctor can do
條路自己揀
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過16萬的網紅夠維根Go Vegan,也在其Youtube影片中提到,FB粉絲專頁:https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW 提倡一種新的生活態度,透過動畫宣導"動物權利"! 感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助 【台灣素食營養學會 官網】http://www.twvns.org/ -------------------------...
hip fracture mortality 在 夠維根Go Vegan Youtube 的最讚貼文
FB粉絲專頁:https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW
提倡一種新的生活態度,透過動畫宣導"動物權利"!
感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助
【台灣素食營養學會 官網】http://www.twvns.org/
-------------------------------------------------
【補充資料】
豆腐補鈣,鹽滷、石膏哪種好 http://goo.gl/MWcs7w
今天的鈣夠了嗎 http://goo.gl/xGUOe7
蔬食鈣高尚 https://goo.gl/Mz2fkB
素食者是否該喝牛奶 http://goo.gl/NSDmQN
1. 喝牛奶增加死亡率、骨折率 (瑞典研究):
Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Langenskiöld S, Basu S, Warensjö Lemming E, Melhus H, Byberg L. Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies. BMJ. 2014 Oct 28;349:g6015.
2. 青少年喝奶量與老年時的骨折率:
Feskanich D, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Frazier AL, Willett WC. Milk consumption during teenage years and risk of hip fractures in older adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jan;168(1):54-60. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.3821.
3. 其他喝牛奶與骨折的研究:
Bolland MJ, Leung W, Tai V, Bastin S, Gamble GD, Grey A, Reid IR. Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review. BMJ. 2015 Sep 29;351:h4580. doi:10.1136/bmj.h4580. Review.
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Kanis JA, Orav EJ, Staehelin HB, Kiel DP, Burckhardt P, Henschkowski J, Spiegelman D, Li R, Wong JB, Feskanich D, Willett WC. Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Apr;26(4):833-9.
4. D-半乳糖:
Hao L, Huang H, Gao J, Marshall C, Chen Y, Xiao M. The influence of gender, age and treatment time on brain oxidative stress and memory impairment induced by dgalactose in mice. Neurosci Lett 2014;571C:459.
Cui X, Wang L, Zuo P, Han Z, Fang Z, Li W, et al. D-galactose caused life shortening in Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica is associated with oxidative stress. Biogerontology 2004;5:31725.
5. IGF-1相關:
Cao Y, Nimptsch K, Shui IM, Platz EA, Wu K, Pollak MN, Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci EL. Prediagnostic plasma IGFBP-1, IGF-1 and risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 2015 May 15;136(10):2418-26. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29295. Epub
2014 Nov 10.
Ma J, Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Chan JM, Gaziano JM, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. Milk intake, circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, and risk of colorectal cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1330–6.
Qin LQ, He K, Xu JY. Milk consumption and circulating insulin-like growth factor-I level: a systematic literature review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009;60(Suppl 7):330–40.
Allen NE, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Hormones and diet: low insulin-like growth factor-I but normal bioavailable androgens in vegan men. Br J Cancer 2000;83:95–7.
6. 攝護腺癌:
Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, Vatten LJ, Norat T. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan;101(1):87-117.
7. 牛乳與便秘:
Andiran F, Dayi S, Mete E. Cows milk consumption in constipation and anal fissure in infants and young children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Jul;39(5):329-31.
Irastorza I, Ibañez B, Delgado-Sanzonetti L, Maruri N, Vitoria JC. Cow's-milk-free diet as a therapeutic option in childhood chronic constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Aug;51(2):171-6.
Carroccio A, Mansueto P, Morfino G, D'Alcamo A, Di Paola V, Iacono G, Soresi M, Scerrino G, Maresi E, Gulotta G, Rini G, Bonventre S. Oligo-antigenic diet in the treatment of chronic anal fissures. Evidence for a relationship between food hypersensitivity and anal fissures. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108(5):825-32.
Dehghani SM, Ahmadpour B, Haghighat M, Kashef S, Imanieh MH, Soleimani M. The Role of Cow's Milk Allergy in Pediatric Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iran J Pediatr. 2012 Dec;22(4):468-74.
8. 牛乳與青春痘:
Melnik BC. Evidence for acne-promoting effects of milk and other insulinotropic dairy products. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2011;67:131-45.
9. 鈣質吸收率:
Weaver CM, Plawecki KL. Dietary calcium: adequacy of a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1238S-1241S. Review.
Weaver CM, Proulx WR, Heaney R. Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl):543S-548S. Review.
10.溫室氣體排放:
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/lead/themes0/climate/emissions/en/
hip fracture mortality 在 Hip Fractures - Everything You Need To Know - YouTube 的推薦與評價
Dr. Ebraheim's educational animated video describes hip fractures and fixation.Follow me on twitter:https://twitter.com/#! ... <看更多>