關於 industrial society and its future ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

最近，我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡，向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲，工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降，但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現，但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。

以下是專欄文章全文，經TIME授權翻譯轉載：

「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」

多年來，中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」，即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年，大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式，全年產值高達3.854萬億美元，占到全球市場近三分之一。

但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」，是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇，疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧（AI）的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來，中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國，至今維持全球領先。在學術領域，中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量，也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面，AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區，具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放，整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲，AI賦能傳統行業的能量，正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。

人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命：蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信，AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎，在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革，而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮，將由中國來引領實踐。

由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩，中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力，AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本，提高生產效率，擴大整體產能，還有望能帶來收入的增長。

例如，創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司，極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡，用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國，應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。

一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司，他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作，憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累，用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程，同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。

除了創業公司，我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車，這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車，並且無需對運行環境進行改造，能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外，擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團，與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作，已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。

接著會發生什麼？我大膽預見，在更長遠的未來，機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復，甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計，使用預製建築模塊，交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統，能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。

這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年，但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是，中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上，而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。

本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯，原文如下：

China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI

BY KAI-FU LEE

For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.

But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.

As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.

Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.

For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.

Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.

It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.

Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.

It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.

Source：https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/

特朗普發言的全文

//Thank you very much. Good afternoon. Thank you. I am here today to talk about our relationship with China and several new measures to protect American security and prosperity. China's pattern of misconduct is well known. For decades they have ripped off the United States like no one has ever done before. Hundreds of billions of dollars a year were lost dealing with China, especially over the years during the prior administration. China raided our factories, offshored our jobs, gutted our industries, stole our intellectual property, and violated their commitments under the WTO. To make matters worse, they are considered a developing nation getting all sorts of benefits that others, including the United States, are not entitled to, but I have never solely blamed China for this.

They were able to get away with a theft like no one was able to get away with before because of past politicians, and frankly past presidents; but unlike those who came before, my administration negotiated and fought for what was right. It is called fair and reciprocal treatment. China has also unlawfully claimed territory in the Pacific Ocean threatening freedom of navigation and international trade and they broke their word to the world on ensuring the autonomy of Hong Kong, the United States wants an open and constructive relationship with China but achieving that relationship requires us to vigorously defend our national interests.

The Chinese government has continually violated its promises to us and so many other nations. These plain facts cannot be overlooked or swept aside. The world is now suffering as a result of the malfeasance of the Chinese government. China's cover-up of the Wuhan virus allowed the disease to spread all over the world, instigating a global pandemic that has cost more than 100,000 American lives and over 1 million lives worldwide. Chinese officials ignored their reporting obligations to the World Health Organization and pressured the World Health Organization to mislead the world when the virus was first discovered by Chinese authorities. Countless lives have been taken, and profound economic hardship has been inflicted all around the globe.

They strongly recommended against me doing the early ban from China, but I did it anyway. It was proven to be 100 percent correct. China has total control over the World Health Organization despite only paying $40 million per year compared to what the United States has been paying, which is approximately $450 million a year. We have detailed the reforms that it must make and engage with them directly, but they have refused to act.

Because they have failed to make the requested and greatly needed reforms, we will be today terminating our relationship with the World Health Organization and redirecting those funds to other worldwide and deserving urgent global public health needs. The world needs answers from China on the virus. We must have transparency. Why is it that China shut off infected people from Wuhan to all other parts of China? It went nowhere else; it didn't go to Beijing, it went nowhere else, but they allowed them to freely travel throughout the world, including Europe and the United States. The death and destruction caused by this is incalculable.

We must have answers not only for us but for the rest of the world. This pandemic has underscored the crucial importance of building up America's economic independence, reshoring our critical supply chains, and protecting America's scientific and technological advances. For years, the government of China has conducted illicit espionage to steal our industrial secrets of which there are many.

Today I will issue a proclamation to better secure our nation's vital university research and to suspend the entry of certain foreign nationals from China who we have identified as potential security risks. I am also taking action to protect the integrity of America's financial system, by far the best in the world. I am instructing my presidential working group on financial markets to study the differing practices of Chinese companies listed on the U.S. financial markets with a goal of protecting American investors; investment firms should not be subjecting their clients to the hidden and undue risks associated with financing Chinese companies that do not play by the same rules. Americans are entitled to fairness and transparency.

Several of the most significant actions we are taking pertain to deeply troubling situations unfolding in Hong Kong. This week China unilaterally imposed control over Hong Kong security. This was a plain violation of Beijing's treaty obligations with the United Kingdom in the declaration of 1984 and explicit provisions of Hong Kong's basic law-it has 27 years to go.

The Chinese government's move against Hong Kong is the latest in a series of measures that are diminishing the city's long-standing and very proud status. This is a tragedy for the people of Hong Kong, the people of China, and indeed the people of the world. China claims it is protecting national security, but the truth is that Hong Kong was secure and prosperous as a free society. Beijing's decision reverses all of that. It extends the reach of China's invasive state security apparatus into what was formally a bastion of liberty.

China's latest incursion, along with other recent developments that degraded the territory's freedoms, makes clear that Hong Kong is no longer sufficiently autonomous to warrant the special treatment that we have afforded the territory since the handover. China has replaced its promised formula of one country, two systems with one country, one system; therefore, I am directing my administration to begin the process of eliminating policy exemptions that give Hong Kong different and special treatment.

My announcement today will affect the full range of agreements we have with Hong Kong from our extradition treaty to our export controls on dual-use technologies and more with few exceptions. We will be revising the State Department's travel advisory for Hong Kong to reflect the increased danger of surveillance and punishment by the Chinese state security apparatus. We will take action to revoke Hong Kong's preferential treatment as a separate customs and travel territory from the rest of China.

The United States will also take necessary steps to sanction PRC and Hong Kong officials directly or indirectly involved in eroding Hong Kong's autonomy and just if you take a look smothering, absolutely smothering Hong Kong's freedom. Our actions will be strong; our actions will be meaningful.

More than two decades ago, on a rainy night in 1997, British soldiers lowered the Union flag, and Chinese soldiers raised the Chinese flag in Hong Kong. The people of Hong Kong felt simultaneously proud of their Chinese heritage and their unique Hong Kong identity. The people of Hong Kong hoped that in the years and decades to come, China would increasingly come to resemble its most radiant and dynamic city. The rest of the world was electrified by a sense of optimism that Hong Kong was a glimpse into China's future, not that Hong Kong would grow into a reflection of China's past.

In every decision, I will continue to proudly defend and protect the workers, families, and citizens of the United States of America. Thank you very much. Thank you.//

【公子獻頭】＃全文中英翻譯　美國打擊中國從來只是欠一個借口，今次北京被香港獻頭，換來的可能不只是華府為港人發聲，更是重新檢討對北京策略。首兩段已見真章。#跟提示機讀稿你就知佢係幾認真

#晨早做完港台訪問順便譯埋個講話
重點：
全面檢討對華政策
與世衛割席並另起爐灶
對中國上市公司提差別的金融待遇　
一國一制取代了一國兩制
取消香港特殊待遇 　

// #全面檢討對華政策

非常感謝你。 下午好。 謝謝。 我今天在這裡談論我們與中國的關係以及一些保護美國安全與繁榮的新措施。 中國失德行為模式眾所周知。 幾十年來，他們前所未有地搶劫美國。 與中國交易每年損失數千億美元，尤其是在上屆執政期間。中國突襲了我們的工廠，外判了我們的工作，掏空了我們的各行各業，竊取了我們的知識產權，並違反了他們對加入世界貿易組織的承諾。

更糟的是，它們被視為發展中國家，正在獲得包括美國在內的其他國家無權獲得的各種利益。 但是我從來沒有為此將責任放於在中國。 他們能夠為盜竊開脫，是因為過去的政客，坦率地說是因為過去的總統。

與之前的人不同，我的政府進行了談判並為正確的事而鬥爭。這就是所謂的公平互惠待遇。中國還非法佔領了太平洋領土，威脅了航行自由和國際貿易。他們還向世界展示，違反對香港的自治承諾。美國希望與中國建立開放和建設性的關係，但要實現這種關係，就需要我們大力捍衛我們的國家利益。

#與世衛割席並另起爐灶

中國政府不斷對我們以及其他許多國家的食言。這些簡單的事實不能忽視或遺忘。由於中國政府的瀆職行為，世界正在遭受苦難。中國對「武漢病毒」（原文）的掩蓋使該疾病傳播到世界各地，引發了一場全球性大流行，這場大流行使美國人喪生超過十萬人，在世界範圍內有超過一百萬的生命。當中國當局首次發現該病毒時，中國官員無視其對世界衛生組織的報告義務，並向世界衛生組織施加壓力，要求其誤導世界。

奪去了無數生命，並在全球範圍內造成了巨大的經濟困難。 世界衛生組織強烈建議我不要過早對中國作禁令，但我還是這樣做了，事實證明是100％正確的。 中國完全控制著世界衛生組織，儘管中國每年只支付4000萬美元，而美國每年只支付約4.5億美元。

我們詳細列出了世衛必須進行改革，並與他們直接對話，但是他們拒絕採取相關行動。由於它們未能答允要求的和急需的改革，因此我們今天將終止與世界衛生組織的關係，並將這些資金重新分配給全球其他組織，應滿足全球迫切的公共衛生需求。 世界需要中國為有關病毒事宜提供答案。 我們必須具有透明度。 為什麼中國將武漢的感染者與中國其他地區隔離開來？ 它無處可去。 它沒有去北京。 它無處可去，但是中國允許他們自由地在世界各地旅行，包括歐洲和美國。

由此造成的死亡和破壞是無法估量的。我們需要中國交代，不僅為我們，而且還必須對世界其他地方都有交代。這疫症大流行強調了美國經濟獨立的重要，確保我們關鍵的供應鏈並保護美國科學技術進步的至關重要性。多年來，中國政府一直在進行間諜活動，以竊取我們的工業機密，其中有許多秘密。今天，我將發表聲明，以更好地確保我國至關重要的大學研究，併禁止某些來自中國的外國公民的入境，並將其視為潛在的安全風險。

＃對中國上市公司提差別的金融待遇

我也正在採取行動來保護美國金融體系的完整性，這是迄今為止世界上最好的金融系統。我指示我的總統金融市場工作小組研究在美國金融市場上市的中國公司的差異措施，以保護美國投資者。投資公司不應使客戶承受與不按相同規則進行融資的中國公司冒上隱性和不當風險。

＃取消香港特殊待遇 #一國一制取代了一國兩制

美國人有權享有公正和透明。我們正在採取的一些最重要的行動回應在香港發生的令人深感不安的局勢。本週，中國單方面對香港實施國安控制。這完全違反了北京在1984年承諾的《中英聯合聲明》和《基本法》中明確規定的北京與英國的義務。香港還有27年的時間。中國政府反制香港的舉措是一系列措施中的最新舉措，這些措施正在削弱香港的長期和非常自豪的地位。這對香港人民，中國人民乃至世界人民都是悲劇。

中國聲稱它在保護國家安全，但事實是，香港是一個自由社會，非常安全和繁榮。北京的決定扭轉了所有這些情況。它將中國的入侵性國家安全機構擴展到了從前的自由堡壘。中國的最新入侵，以及其他最近的事態發展都使香港的自由度下降，這清楚地表明，香港不再具有足夠的自治權，無法保證自「移交」（原文用handover,而非回歸）以來我們給予香港的特殊待遇。

中國已經用「一國一制」取代了「一國兩制」的諾言。因此，我指示我的政府開始著手取消給予香港不同和特殊待遇的政策。我今天的宣布將影響我們與香港達成的所有協議，從引渡條約到對雙重用途技術的出口管制等等，除了少數例外。我們將修改國務院針對香港的旅行建議，以反映中國國家安全機構加大監視和懲罰的危險。

我們將採取行動，取消香港作為與中國其他地區分開的海關和旅行的優惠待遇。美國還將採取必要措施，制裁直接或間接參與削弱香港自治權的中國和香港官員。你看看他們他們扼殺，絕對扼殺香港的自由。我們的行動將是強有力的，我們的行動將是有意義的。

二十多年前，在1997年的一個雨夜中，英國士兵放下了聯合王國旗幟，中國士兵在香港舉起了中國國旗。香港人同時為自己的中國傳統和獨特的香港身份感到自豪。香港人希望，在未來的幾十年中，中國將越來越像這一個最耀眼，充滿活力的城市。人們樂觀地認為香港是中國未來的願景，而不是發展為中國過去的倒影。在今後每項決定中，我將繼續自豪地捍衛和保護美利堅合眾國的工人，家庭和公民。非常感謝你。謝謝。

＃以下為英文全文

Thank you very much. Good afternoon. Thank you. I’m here today to talk about our relationship with China and several new measures to protect American security and prosperity. China’s pattern of misconduct is well known. For decades, they’ve ripped off the United States, like no one has ever done before. Hundreds of billions of dollars a year were lost dealing with China, especially over the years during the prior administration. China raided our factories, off shored our jobs, gutted our industries, stole our intellectual property and violated their commitments under the World Trade Organization.

To make matters worse, they are considered a developing nation, getting all sorts of benefits that others, including the United States are not entitled to. But I have never solely blamed China for this. They were able to get away with a theft, like no one was able to get away with before because of past politicians and frankly, past presidents.

But unlike those who came before, my administration negotiated and fought for what was right. It’s called fair and reciprocal treatment. China has also unlawfully claimed territory in the Pacific Ocean, threatening freedom of navigation and international trade. And they broke their word to the world on ensuring the autonomy of Hong Kong. The United States wants an open and constructive relationship with China, but achieving that relationship requires us to vigorously defend our national interests.

The Chinese government has continually violated its promises to us and so many other nations. These plain facts can not be overlooked or swept aside. The world is now suffering as a result of the malfeasance of the Chinese government. China’s coverup of the Wu Han virus allowed the disease to spread all over the world, instigating a global pandemic that has cost more than 100,000 American lives and over a million lives worldwide. Chinese officials ignored their reporting obligations to the World Health Organization and pressured the world health organization to mislead the world When the virus was first discovered by Chinese authorities.

Countless lives have been taken and profound economic hardship has been inflicted all around the globe. They strongly recommended against me doing the early ban from China, but I did it anyway, and was proven to be 100% correct. China has total control over the World Health Organization, despite only paying $40 million per year, compared to what the United States has been paying, which is approximately $450 million a year.

We have detailed the reforms that it must make and engage with them directly, but they have refused to act. Because they have failed to make the requested and greatly needed reforms, we will be today terminating our relationship with the World Health Organization and redirecting those funds to other worldwide and deserving urgent global public health needs. The world needs answers from China on the virus. We must have transparency. Why is it that China shut off infected people from Wuhan, to all other parts of China? It went nowhere else. It didn’t go to Beijing. It went nowhere else, but they allowed them to freely travel throughout the world, including Europe and the United States.

The death and destruction caused by this is incalculable. We must have answers not only for us, but for the rest of the world. This pandemic has underscored the crucial importance of building up America’s economic independence, reassuring our critical supply chains and protecting America’s scientific and technological advances. For years, the government of China has conducted elicit espionage to steal our industrial secrets of which there are many. Today I will issue a proclamation to better secure our nation’s vital university research and to suspend the entry of certain foreign nationals from China, who we have identified as potential security risks.

I am also taking action to protect the integrity of America’s financial system, by far the best in the world. I am instructing my presidential working group on Financial Markets, to study the differing practices of Chinese companies listed on the US financial markets, with the goal of protecting American investors. Investment firms should not be subjecting their clients to the hidden and undue risks associated with financing Chinese companies that do not play by the same rules.

Americans are entitled to fairness and transparency. Several of the most significant actions we’re taking pertain to deeply troubling situations unfolding in Hong Kong. This week, China unilaterally impose control over Hong Kong security. This was a plain violation of Beijing’s treaty obligations with the United Kingdom in the Declaration of 1984 and explicit provisions of Hong Kong’s basic law. It has 27 years to go. The Chinese government’s move against Hong Kong is the latest in a series of measures that are diminishing the city’s longstanding and very proud status. This is a tragedy for the people of Hong Kong, the people of China, and indeed the people of the world.

China claims it is protecting national security, but the truth is that Hong Kong was secure and prosperous as a free society. Beijing’s decision reverses all of that. It extends the reach of China’s invasive state security apparatus into what was formerly a bastion of Liberty. China’s latest incursion, along with other recent developments that degraded the territory’s freedoms, makes clear that Hong Kong is no longer sufficiently autonomous to warrant the special treatment that we have afforded the territory since the handover.

China has replaced its promise formula of one country, two systems, with one country, one system. Therefore, I am directing my administration to begin the process of eliminating policy exemptions that give Hong Kong different and special treatment. My announcement today will affect the full range of agreements we have with Hong Kong, from our extradition treaty to our export controls on dual use technologies and more, with few exceptions. We will be revising the state department’s travel advisory for Hong Kong to reflect the increased danger of surveillance and punishment by the Chinese state security apparatus.

We will take action to revoke Hong Kong’s preferential treatment as a separate customs and travel territory from the rest of China. The United States will also take necessary steps to sanction PRC and Hong Kong officials directly or indirectly involved in eroding Hong Kong’s autonomy and just, if you take a look, smothering, absolutely smothering Hong Kong’s freedom. Our actions will be strong, our actions will be meaningful.

More than two decades ago on a rainy night in 1997, British soldiers lowered the Union flag and Chinese soldiers raised the Chinese flag in Hong Kong. The people of Hong Kong felt simultaneously proud of their Chinese heritage and their unique Hong Kong identity. The people of Hong Kong hoped that in the years and decades to come, China would increasingly come to resemble it’s most radiant and dynamic city. The rest of the world was electrified by a sense of optimism that Hong Kong was a glimpse into China’s future, not that Hong Kong would grow into a reflection of China’s past. In every decision, I will continue to proudly defend and protect the workers, families, and citizens of the United States of America. Thank you very much. Thank you.