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蛋白質～嘎蹦脆！(#我阿成啦)
來源：AP/ Viralpress
#幼蟲 #椰子蟲 #糖果 #蛋白質 #營養 #椰奶 #椰子 #象鼻蟲 #好吃 #料理 #菲律賓 #昆蟲 #美食 #Larvae #coconut #糖軟 #protein #nutrition #coconut milk #coconut #Philippines #insect #food
蛋白質～嘎蹦脆！(#我阿成啦)
來源：AP/ Viralpress
#幼蟲 #椰子蟲 #糖果 #蛋白質 #營養 #椰奶 #椰子 #象鼻蟲 #好吃 #料理 #菲律賓 #昆蟲 #美食 #Larvae #coconut #糖軟 #protein #nutrition #coconut milk #coconut #Philippines #insect #food
SARS-CoV-2的疫苗研發製造的策略：
1.去活化病毒疫苗（inactivated virus vaccines):
病毒已經是被用物理的或化學的去活化(Viruses are physically or chemically inactivated)，但是仍然保存病毒顆粒的完整性（preserve the integrity of the virus paticle)，它們充當免疫抗原（immunogen)。
2.病毒類似的顆粒或奈米顆粒的疫苗（Virus -like particle or nanoparticle vaccines):
結構性的病毒的蛋白質已經被共同表現（structural viral proteins are co-expressed)，，形成沒有感染性的顆粒（form non-infectious particles)，來當作疫苗的免疫抗原(vaccine immunogen)，它們類似真實的類病毒(real virions)但是缺乏病毒的基因體(lack the virus genome)。
3.蛋白質次單元的疫苗（Protein subunit vaccines):
這種策略只有包括關鍵性的病毒的蛋白質或胜太（only key proteins or peptides)，它們能夠在細菌（bacteria)酵母菌(yeast)昆蟲或脯乳類細胞(insect or mammalian cells)中在人體外被製造(manufactured in vitro)，目前最大多數的在臨床期和臨床前期階段登錄在案候選的SARS-CoV-2疫苗，都是根據這種策略研發製造的。
4.病毒引導導航導向的疫苗（virus-vectored vaccines):
編碼致病原抗原的基因(genes encoding pathogen antigen)，是被導入非複製的或複製的病毒載體(cloned into non-replicating or replicating virus vectors)例如腺病毒（adenvirus)，這些抗原在免疫化作用後，由被轉換的宿主細胞產生（the antigens are produced by transduced host cells after immunization)。
5.DNA和mRNA疫苗（DNA and mRNA vaccines):
DNA和mRNA疫苗（DNA and mRNA vaccines)，有可以快速製造用來抵抗突現性的致病原的優勢（DNA and mRNA vaccines have the advantage of rapid manufacturing against pathogens)，DNA 疫苗(DNA vaccines)，藉由再重組的DNA 質體所編碼的病毒的抗原(viral antigens encoded by a recombinant DNA plasmid)，在宿主細胞中經由次序性的轉錄到轉譯的過程產生(produced in host cells via sequential transcription-to translation process)。相反地，mRNA 疫苗(mRNA vaccines)是藉由在人體外的轉錄過程被合成(synthesized by in vitro transcription)，它們經由在人體內的直接的蛋白質轉譯，在細胞質中產生病毒的抗原(they produce viral antigens in the cytoplasm through direct protein trsnslation in vivo)。
6.活的減毒的病毒疫苗（Live-attenuated virus vaccines):
在這種策略中，病毒是藉由在人體外或人體內的過程或反向的遺傳的突變的產生作用而被減毒（virus is attenuated by in vitro or in vivo passage or reverse genetic mutagenesis)，這個結果病毒變成沒有致病性或變成弱的致病性（the resulting virus becomes non-pathogenic or weakly pathogenic)，但是仍然維持保持類似活的病毒感染的免疫抗原性（retains immunogenecity by mimicking live virus infection)。
資料來源：
Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19
Nature Reviews Immunology(2020)18 DEC 2020)
感謝 #Cheng_Sheng_Tai 醫師提供資料
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Recently, we found ourselves dining at a so-called sushi place (specifically running sushi / sushi go round / sushi train restaurant) with the weirdest sushi options. One sushi had a cherry on top, dyed part green and with whipped cream. It tasted gross and looked like an oompa loompa sushi.
So that inspired this video, 10 weirdest types of sushi.
1) Deep-Fried Sushi
- Served in KFC Thailand
- Tempura batter or panko style
2) Fruit Sushi
- Usually a dessert sushi
- Rice can be cooked with coconut, vanilla & sugar
- Banana & Unagi Sushi at Bellagio in LA
3. Meatball Sushi
- Rare in Japanese sushi restaurants
- Japanese style meatballs or Italian style meatballs?
4. Sushi Burger
- Can be called a rice burger
- MOS Burger had a Teriyaki Flank Steak Sushi Burger
- There is a gorgeous cheeseburger sushi served from an LA food truck.
5. Gold Sushi
- Gold, diamond & crab sushi to be exact
- World's most expensive sushi
- Gold sheet & African diamonds used
- Served in Manilla, Philippines
- 2750 USD or 2550 EUR
- Popular with marriage proposals
6. Ice Cream Sushi
- Most Japanese haven't heard of this
- Ice cream rolled with normal vinegar sushi rice
7. Sushi Pizza
- Can be served with avocado, salmon, crab
- Native to Toronto
- Available in Canada & North Eastern US
8. Giant Sushi
- 20 different types of fish & vegetables
- 2m long
- 6 kg heavy
- Served at restaurant in Aichi Prefecture, Japan
- 15000 yen or 120 USD 110 EUR
9. Micro Sushi
- Rice is only a single grain of rice
- Served at restaurant in Nohashi District, Tokyo
- Started off as a joke over a decade ago
- Regular sushi takes 1 minutes to make, micro sushi takes 5 minutes
10. Insect Sushi
- Shoichi Uchiyama, an insect cookbook author, is the leading insect eating advocate in Japan
- High in protein
- Low in environmental impact
- More sustainable than pork or beef
- Takes shorter time to raise to maturity to be eaten
- Cheaper
- Low in fat
- Spider Sushi
- Larvae & Cucumber Sushi
- Insect Sushi Platter
- Deep Fried Argentine Cockroach Sushi
- Cockroach Udon Noodle Soup
- Centipede Sushi
- 'Dragon Turd' Sushi
The weird sushi commercial / advertisement we mentioned is here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTZ17bIiwLQ
If you have any suggestions for other Asian-related topics, let us know in the comments, and we might just do a video on it in the future.
Thanks for watching! And if you enjoyed this video, don't forget to LIKE, SHARE & SUBSCRIBE ^^
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